一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She has not received any letter from the man.
B、Her claim has been completely disregarded.
C、She has failed to reach the manager again.
D、Her house has not been repaired in time.
解析：
听力原文
M: Good morning, Safe House Insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today?
W: Morning. I wouldn’t say that it’s good from where I am standing. This is Miss Wilson, and this is the third time I’ve called this week since receiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) [I’m getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.]
M: Miss Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details to help me look at your claim?
W: It’s Miss May Wilson of 15 South Sea Road in Cornwall. And the details are that our village was extensively flooded two months ago. (2) [The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water,] and five of us have been living in a caravan ever since. You people are still withholding the money we are entitled to over a bizarre technical detail. And it’s not acceptable, Paul!
M: Miss Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (3) [the bizarre technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn’t paid house insurance the month before the incident.]
W: That money left our account. And now that you should be paying out, you are suddenly saying that you didn’t receive it on time. I’m really skeptical about this claim.
M: The contract does say that any missed payment in a year will affect the terms and conditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I can pass you on to my manager to talk to you more about this.
W: I’ve already spoken to him and you can tell him I’m furious now, (4) [and that your company has a lawsuit on its hands. You will be hearing from my lawyer.] Goodbye.
1. What is the woman complaining about? （女士在抱怨什么？）
解析：B。四个选项均包含She或Her，且都是在说某件事情没有做到或是没有做好，预判题目可能与某位女性所遇到的问题有关。在录音开头，女士说这是她本周内第三次给安居保险公司打电话，并抱怨说自己的索赔电话完全被无视，这让她有点受够了。B项与此内容一致，其中Her claim对应录音中的calls about my claim，has been completely disregarded对应录音中的being completely disregarded，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音开头提到，女士收到了安居保险公司有关保险索赔的回信，A项与此内容相悖，故排除。在录音结尾处，女士说她已经和安居保险的经理谈过了，C项与此内容相悖，故排除。录音中虽然提到女士的房子遭遇了洪灾，但没有说是否得到了及时的修缮，而且由整个对话可知，女士给安居保险公司打电话主要是为了索要保险赔偿金，与房屋修缮无关，故排除D项。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Their caravan was washed away by the flood.
B、The ground floor of their cottage was flooded.
C、Their entire house was destroyed by the flood.
D、The roof of their cottage collapsed in the flood.
解析：
听力原文
M: Good morning, Safe House Insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today?
W: Morning. I wouldn’t say that it’s good from where I am standing. This is Miss Wilson, and this is the third time I’ve called this week since receiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) [I’m getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.]
M: Miss Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details to help me look at your claim?
W: It’s Miss May Wilson of 15 South Sea Road in Cornwall. And the details are that our village was extensively flooded two months ago. (2) [The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water,] and five of us have been living in a caravan ever since. You people are still withholding the money we are entitled to over a bizarre technical detail. And it’s not acceptable, Paul!
M: Miss Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (3) [the bizarre technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn’t paid house insurance the month before the incident.]
W: That money left our account. And now that you should be paying out, you are suddenly saying that you didn’t receive it on time. I’m really skeptical about this claim.
M: The contract does say that any missed payment in a year will affect the terms and conditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I can pass you on to my manager to talk to you more about this.
W: I’ve already spoken to him and you can tell him I’m furious now, (4) [and that your company has a lawsuit on its hands. You will be hearing from my lawyer.] Goodbye.
2. What is the problem the woman’s family encountered?（女士的家里遇到了什么问题？）
解析：B。四个选项中均出现了flood，再结合选项关键词caravan、cottage和house，预判题目可能与洪水带来的财物损失有关。录音中，女士提到自己的村子在两个月前遭遇了洪灾，家里房子的整个底层都被水淹没。B项与此内容一致，其中ground floor of...cottage属于原词复现，was flooded对应录音中的was submerged in water，因此B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的caravan和flood设置干扰，但录音中说的是，因为家里遭遇洪灾，女士一家五口只能暂时住在旅行拖车里，A项属于细节拼凑，故排除。C项利用录音中出现的entire和flood设置干扰，录音中只说到女士家房子的整个底层被水淹没，而不是整座房子被冲毁，故排除C项。录音中未提到房子的屋顶（roof）是否被洪水冲塌，故排除D项。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The woman’s failure to pay her house insurance in time.
B、The woman’s inaccurate description of the whole incident.
C、The woman’s ignorance of the insurance company’s policy.
D、The woman’s misreading of the insurance company’s letter.
解析：
听力原文
M: Good morning, Safe House Insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today?
W: Morning. I wouldn’t say that it’s good from where I am standing. This is Miss Wilson, and this is the third time I’ve called this week since receiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) [I’m getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.]
M: Miss Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details to help me look at your claim?
W: It’s Miss May Wilson of 15 South Sea Road in Cornwall. And the details are that our village was extensively flooded two months ago. (2) [The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water,] and five of us have been living in a caravan ever since. You people are still withholding the money we are entitled to over a bizarre technical detail. And it’s not acceptable, Paul!
M: Miss Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (3) [the bizarre technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn’t paid house insurance the month before the incident.]
W: That money left our account. And now that you should be paying out, you are suddenly saying that you didn’t receive it on time. I’m really skeptical about this claim.
M: The contract does say that any missed payment in a year will affect the terms and conditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I can pass you on to my manager to talk to you more about this.
W: I’ve already spoken to him and you can tell him I’m furious now, (4) [and that your company has a lawsuit on its hands. You will be hearing from my lawyer.] Goodbye.
3. What has caused the so-called “bizarre technical detail”, according to the man?（据男士所说，是什么造成了所谓“奇怪的技术细节”？）
解析：A。四个选项均提到了女士这一方的过错，预判题目可能与此相关。在录音中间，男士提到所谓“奇怪的技术细节”指的是女士在事故发生前的一个月没有支付房屋保险费。A项与此内容相符，其中的failure对应录音中的hadn’t paid，house insurance属于原词复现，in time对应录音中的the month before the incident，因此A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的incident设置干扰，但录音中说的是女士在家里遭遇洪灾事件之前（before the incident）没有缴清保险费，而不是女士对整个事件描述得不够准确，故排除。虽然在录音中，男士向女士解释了公司的赔付政策，但并没有说女士不了解保险公司的政策，故排除C项。录音开头女士虽然说收到了保险公司的来信，但没有提到女士对来信存在误解（misreading），故排除D项。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Revise the terms and conditions of the contract.
B、Consult her lawyer about the insurance policy.
C、Talk to the manager of Safe House Insurance.
D、File a lawsuit against the insurance company.
解析：
听力原文
M: Good morning, Safe House Insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today?
W: Morning. I wouldn’t say that it’s good from where I am standing. This is Miss Wilson, and this is the third time I’ve called this week since receiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) [I’m getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.]
M: Miss Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details to help me look at your claim?
W: It’s Miss May Wilson of 15 South Sea Road in Cornwall. And the details are that our village was extensively flooded two months ago. (2) [The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water,] and five of us have been living in a caravan ever since. You people are still withholding the money we are entitled to over a bizarre technical detail. And it’s not acceptable, Paul!
M: Miss Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (3) [the bizarre technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn’t paid house insurance the month before the incident.]
W: That money left our account. And now that you should be paying out, you are suddenly saying that you didn’t receive it on time. I’m really skeptical about this claim.
M: The contract does say that any missed payment in a year will affect the terms and conditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I can pass you on to my manager to talk to you more about this.
W: I’ve already spoken to him and you can tell him I’m furious now, (4) [and that your company has a lawsuit on its hands. You will be hearing from my lawyer.] Goodbye.
4. What does the woman say she would do at the end of the conversation?（女士在对话结尾说她会做什么？）
解析：D。在对话结尾，女士让男士转告经理说他们公司将面临起诉，她的律师很快就会联系他们。由此可知，女士是要向保险公司提起法律诉讼，D项与此内容相符，其中lawsuit为原词复现，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的the terms and conditions of the...contract设置干扰，但录音中说的是一年内任何一笔未付的款项都将影响到保险合同的条款和细则，没有说女士要求修改合同，故排除A项。B项利用录音中出现的lawyer和insurance设置干扰，但女士明确说要提起诉讼，并会让自己的律师联系保险公司，而不只是咨询律师，故排除B项。在录音结尾，男士提出可以让经理向女士解释保险赔偿金的事，但女士回答说自己已经跟经理谈过了，由此可知，女士拒绝再次与经理对话，故排除C项。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are both worried about the negative impact of technology.
B、They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.
C、They disagree about the future of AI technology.
D、They work in different fields of AI technology.
解析：
听力原文
W: (5) [How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.]
M: (5) [AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact, it’s something we should be concerned about.]
W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.
M: Well, one thing is for sure: technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.
W: (6) [I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.]
M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.
W: At that time, we are going to have a lot of jobs which nobody will want to do. So we’ll need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.
M: I don’t know. (7) [There’s a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life.] AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we’re in a simulation, right now.
W: That’s impossible. Humans can’t even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and that’s where the wisdom comes from.
M: (8) [Once it’s fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.]
W: I’m not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.
M: (8) [Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. It’ll be barely getting any information out.]
W: Well, I believe there’s a benevolent future with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.
5. What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?（关于两位讲话者，我们能从对话中了解到什么？）
解析：C。在录音开头，女士提到自己对人工智能技术的前景非常看好，而男士说自己对此没有那么乐观，反而感到担忧。由此可知，二人对于人工智能的前景看法不同，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：对话中两个人对于人工智能技术的态度有很大不同，男士觉得人工智能技术令人感到担忧，但女士对此持乐观态度，故排除A项。对话中两个人主要是在观点上存在分歧，但没有体现出他们对于现代科技的了解程度存在很大差异，故排除B项。录音中虽然提到了jobs，但对话的焦点在于人工智能对人类就业的影响，并没有说对话中两个人都在不同的人工智能领域工作，故排除D项。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Stimulating and motivating.
B、Simply writing AI software.
C、More demanding and requiring special training.
D、Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.
解析：
听力原文
W: (5) [How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.]
M: (5) [AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact, it’s something we should be concerned about.]
W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.
M: Well, one thing is for sure: technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.
W: (6) [I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.]
M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.
W: At that time, we are going to have a lot of jobs which nobody will want to do. So we’ll need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.
M: I don’t know. (7) [There’s a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life.] AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we’re in a simulation, right now.
W: That’s impossible. Humans can’t even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and that’s where the wisdom comes from.
M: (8) [Once it’s fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.]
W: I’m not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.
M: (8) [Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. It’ll be barely getting any information out.]
W: Well, I believe there’s a benevolent future with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.
6. What will new kinds of jobs be like, according to the woman?（根据女士的说法，新的工作会是什么样的？）
解析：D。录音中女士说到，她认为人工智能有助于创造新的就业机会，这些新工作将节省我们的时间，让我们能够专注于创造性的工作。D项与此描述相符，其中Less time-consuming是对录音中require less of our time的同义替换，focusing on creation是对录音中allow us to be centered on creative tasks的同义替换，因此D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的simulate（模拟）设置干扰，但录音中没有提到新的工作是催人奋进或鼓舞人心的，故可排除A项。B项利用录音中出现的writing AI software设置干扰，但此处是男士说很有可能人类的最后一份工作就是编写人工智能软件，这既不是女士的说法，也不是新的工作，故排除B项。C项中的More demanding和requiring special training在录音中均未提及，故排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.
B、Humans would be tired of communicating with one another.
C、Digital life could replace human civilization.
D、There could be jobs nobody wants to do.
解析：
听力原文
W: (5) [How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.]
M: (5) [AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact, it’s something we should be concerned about.]
W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.
M: Well, one thing is for sure: technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.
W: (6) [I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.]
M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.
W: At that time, we are going to have a lot of jobs which nobody will want to do. So we’ll need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.
M: I don’t know. (7) [There’s a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life.] AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we’re in a simulation, right now.
W: That’s impossible. Humans can’t even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and that’s where the wisdom comes from.
M: (8) [Once it’s fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.]
W: I’m not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.
M: (8) [Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. It’ll be barely getting any information out.]
W: Well, I believe there’s a benevolent future with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.
7. What is the risk the man anticipates?（男士预想会存在什么样的风险？）
解析：C。四个选项中均出现了表示推测的情态动词would和could，预判题目可能涉及到对于未来的预测。在录音中间，男士指出，人类文明面临着一种风险，它可能会被一种更高级的数字生活所取代。C项与此内容相符，其中Digital life和human civilization为原词复现，C项通过将录音中动词replace的被动形式转换为主动形式来实现同义替换，因此C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士提到，我们需要人工智能机器人来照顾像我们这样的老人，但这只是女士的设想，并非男士预想的风险，故排除A项。B项利用录音后半部分出现的become tired of trying to communicate设置干扰，但是此处男士说的是他猜想人工智能以后会厌倦与人类交流，而不是人类会厌倦彼此间的交流，故排除B项。“可能有些工作会没人愿意去做”是女士的观点，不是男士的观点，故排除D项。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It will be smarter than human beings.
B、Chips will be inserted in human brains.
C、It will take away humans’ jobs altogether.
D、Life will become like a science fiction film.
解析：
听力原文
W: (5) [How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.]
M: (5) [AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact, it’s something we should be concerned about.]
W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.
M: Well, one thing is for sure: technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.
W: (6) [I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.]
M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.
W: At that time, we are going to have a lot of jobs which nobody will want to do. So we’ll need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.
M: I don’t know. (7) [There’s a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life.] AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we’re in a simulation, right now.
W: That’s impossible. Humans can’t even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and that’s where the wisdom comes from.
M: (8) [Once it’s fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.]
W: I’m not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.
M: (8) [Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. It’ll be barely getting any information out.]
W: Well, I believe there’s a benevolent future with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.
8. What is the man’s concern about AI technology? （男士对人工智能技术有什么顾虑？）
解析：A。在对话的后半部分，男士预测未来人类的思考速度可能会比人工智能的思考速度慢得多，以至于人工智能在和人类交流时会变得不耐烦。也就是说，男士担忧人工智能会比人类更聪明，从而超过人类。A项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然出现了chips和brains，但说的是电脑有的只是芯片，而人拥有大脑，没有提到芯片会被植入人脑，故排除B项。男士只是说人工智能可能会让人们的工作变得没什么意义，并没有说人工智能会彻底夺走人们的工作，故排除C项。D项利用对话结尾的science fiction films设置干扰，但在这里女士只是提醒男士，他的过度担心可能是因为看了太多的科幻电影；而男士担心人工智能会在智力上超越人类，并不等同于他担心生活会变得像一部科幻电影，故排除D项。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Try to earn as much money as possible.
B、Invest shrewdly in lucrative businesses.
C、Save one-fifth of their net monthly income.
D、Restrain themselves from high-risk investments.
解析：
听力原文
To achieve financial security, how much you save is always more important than the amount you earn or how shrewdly you invest. (9) [If you’re under 30 years old, your goal should be to save 20% of your monthly income after tax deductions.] This is irrespective of how much you earn. Approximately 50% should be reserved for essentials like food and accommodation. The remaining 30% is for recreation and entertainment. But for many young people, it’ll be difficult to designate such a large proportion of their income for savings. (10) [If you find it hard to save any money at all, start by cutting all unnecessary spending. Allocate a tiny amount of one or two percent for savings and gradually increase that amount.] Always keep that 20% goal in mind to prevent yourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. (11) [But if you adopt the right mindset, you should be able to make it work for you.] So what should you be doing with the money that you are saving? Some must be kept easily accessible in case you need some cash in an emergency. The largest proportion should be invested in retirement plans either through your employer or privately. And you can keep some money for high risk but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends can be reinvested or used to purchase something you like. By following this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life now and still be financially secure in the future.
9. What are people under 30 advised to do to achieve financial security?（文章建议30岁以下的人如何获得经济上的保障？）
解析：C。在录音开头提到，如果你还不到30岁，你的目标应该是把每月税后收入的20%存起来。C项与此内容一致，其中Save为原词复现，one-fifth是对录音中20%的同义替换，net monthly income（每月净收入）对应录音中的monthly income after tax deductions（每月税后收入），因此正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音开头提到，为了获得经济保障，存多少钱总是比挣多少钱或者投资有多精明更重要，由此可知，讲话者认为获得经济保障的重点在于储蓄，而不在于多挣钱或精明投资，故排除A项和B项。D项利用录音结尾的high risk设置干扰，但录音中是建议人们可以留一些钱去做风险较高、潜在利润丰厚的投资，D项与此意思相悖，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Cut 20% of their daily spending.
B、Ask a close friend for advice.
C、Try to stick to their initial plan.
D、Start by doing something small.
解析：
听力原文
To achieve financial security, how much you save is always more important than the amount you earn or how shrewdly you invest. (9) [If you’re under 30 years old, your goal should be to save 20% of your monthly income after tax deductions.] This is irrespective of how much you earn. Approximately 50% should be reserved for essentials like food and accommodation. The remaining 30% is for recreation and entertainment. But for many young people, it’ll be difficult to designate such a large proportion of their income for savings. (10) [If you find it hard to save any money at all, start by cutting all unnecessary spending. Allocate a tiny amount of one or two percent for savings and gradually increase that amount.] Always keep that 20% goal in mind to prevent yourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. (11) [But if you adopt the right mindset, you should be able to make it work for you.] So what should you be doing with the money that you are saving? Some must be kept easily accessible in case you need some cash in an emergency. The largest proportion should be invested in retirement plans either through your employer or privately. And you can keep some money for high risk but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends can be reinvested or used to purchase something you like. By following this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life now and still be financially secure in the future.
10. What should people do if they find it difficult to follow the speaker’s advice on their financial plan? （如果人们发现很难遵循讲话者有关财务计划的建议，他们应该怎么做？）
解析：D。录音中提到，如果发现存钱很难，那就从削减所有不必要的开支做起，拨出其中1%或2%的额度存起来，然后逐渐加大这一比例。由此可知，录音中建议人们从小的目标做起。D项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的20%和cutting all unnecessary spending设置干扰，但20%指的是建议人们作储蓄计划的目标，如果实现不了这个目标，建议人们从削减所有不必要的开支做起，并没有建议人们削减20%的日常开支，A项属于细节拼凑，故排除。B项在录音中未提及，故排除。C项利用录音中出现的stick to...plan设置干扰，但录音中只是说要坚持这样严格的计划是很有挑战性的，不是建议的具体内容；录音中给出的建议是先存较小比例的钱，然后逐渐加大比例，但要始终记得20%这个目标，这不等同于尽量坚持最初的计划，故排除C项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A proper mindset.
B、An ambitious plan.
C、An optimistic attitude.
D、A keen interest.
解析：
听力原文
To achieve financial security, how much you save is always more important than the amount you earn or how shrewdly you invest. (9) [If you’re under 30 years old, your goal should be to save 20% of your monthly income after tax deductions.] This is irrespective of how much you earn. Approximately 50% should be reserved for essentials like food and accommodation. The remaining 30% is for recreation and entertainment. But for many young people, it’ll be difficult to designate such a large proportion of their income for savings. (10) [If you find it hard to save any money at all, start by cutting all unnecessary spending. Allocate a tiny amount of one or two percent for savings and gradually increase that amount.] Always keep that 20% goal in mind to prevent yourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. (11) [But if you adopt the right mindset, you should be able to make it work for you.] So what should you be doing with the money that you are saving? Some must be kept easily accessible in case you need some cash in an emergency. The largest proportion should be invested in retirement plans either through your employer or privately. And you can keep some money for high risk but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends can be reinvested or used to purchase something you like. By following this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life now and still be financially secure in the future.
11. What does the speaker think is important for achieving financial security?（讲话者认为获得经济保障的重要因素是什么？）
解析：A。录音开头提到，要想获得经济保障，需要做好储蓄的计划，在后半部分又提到，如果你采取正确的心态（adopt the right mindset），就能够使这个计划为己所用。由此可知，正确的心态对于获得经济保障是非常重要的，A项是对录音中right mindset的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然强调了计划的重要性，但并不提倡野心勃勃的计划，故排除B项。C项和D项在录音中未提及，故均排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、She found her outfit inappropriate.
B、She was uninterested in advertising.
C、She often checked herself in a mirror.
D、She was unhappy with fashion trends.
解析：
听力原文
I work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because I’m aware that we live in an image-obsessed world. (12) [However, when I first started my job, occasionally I’d catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess.] Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. (13) [But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean that’s why uniforms were invented.] So here’s what I did: I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what I’m wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. (14) [Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job?] For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. (14) [But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes.] (15) [So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let’s face it. It’s probably worth it.]
12. What do we learn about the speaker when she first started her job?（关于讲话者刚开始工作时的情况，我们能了解到什么？）
解析：A。在录音开头讲话者提到，她在刚开始工作时，偶尔会在电梯里瞥一眼自己，却发现自己看起来一团糟。A项与此内容相符，其中inappropriate对应录音中的a total mess，因此正确答案为A。
错项排除：录音开头提到，讲话者从事广告工作，喜欢紧跟潮流，并没有提到她对广告不感兴趣，或是对时尚潮流不满意，故排除B项和D项。录音中提到，讲话者是偶尔（occasionally）在电梯里瞥见自己看起来一团糟，并没有说她经常对着镜子打量自己，故排除C项。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To save the expenses on clothing.
B、To keep up with the current trends.
C、To meet the expectations of fashion-conscious clients.
D、To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.
解析：
听力原文
I work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because I’m aware that we live in an image-obsessed world. (12) [However, when I first started my job, occasionally I’d catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess.] Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. (13) [But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean that’s why uniforms were invented.] So here’s what I did: I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what I’m wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. (14) [Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job?] For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. (14) [But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes.] (15) [So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let’s face it. It’s probably worth it.]
13. Why were uniforms invented, according to the speaker?（根据讲话者的说法，人们为什么要发明制服？）
解析：D。录音中提到，没有人可以每天都穿风格独特的衣服，这就是人们发明制服的原因。D项与此内容相符，其中choosing a unique outfit对应录音中的be unique with their outfit，every day为原词复现，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项中的save和expenses在录音中无依据，故排除。在录音开头，虽然讲话者提到自己喜欢紧跟当下的潮流（to keep up with current trends），但这与人们发明制服不存在因果关系，故排除B项。录音中虽然提到人们注重衣着是为了适应这个外表至上的世界，也提到有些客户会根据外表来迅速判断一个人，但没有说发明制服是为了满足讲究时髦的客户的期望，故排除C项。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It boosts one’s confidence when looking for employment.
B、It matters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.
C、It helps people succeed in whatever they are doing.
D、It enhances people’s ability to work independently.
解析：
听力原文
I work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because I’m aware that we live in an image-obsessed world. (12) [However, when I first started my job, occasionally I’d catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess.] Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. (13) [But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean that’s why uniforms were invented.] So here’s what I did: I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what I’m wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. (14) [Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job?] For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. (14) [But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes.] (15) [So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let’s face it. It’s probably worth it.]
14. What does the speakers say about looking smarter?（关于看上去更得体，讲话者说了什么？）
解析：B。在录音中间位置，讲话者提出“看上去更得体会提高我的工作能力吗？”这个问题，后面又说到，如果你的工作需要与他人面对面交谈，答案通常是肯定的。B项与此内容相符，其中matters a lot对应录音中的the answer to this is often “yes”，jobs involving interaction with others对应录音中的if your job involves interacting with other people，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到了职场和客户，但没有涉及到与求职相关的内容，A项中的confidence和when looking for employment在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中提到，对于那些很少与同事或客户面对面交流的人来说，看上去更得体也许不算个问题，C项内容与此内容相悖，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的enhance和ability设置干扰，但录音中没有提到有关独立工作的内容，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Design their own uniform to appear unique.
B、Fight the ever-changing trends in fashion.
C、Do whatever is possible to look smart.
D、Wear classic pieces to impress their clients.
解析：
听力原文
I work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because I’m aware that we live in an image-obsessed world. (12) [However, when I first started my job, occasionally I’d catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess.] Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work. (13) [But no one can be unique with their outfit every day. I mean that’s why uniforms were invented.] So here’s what I did: I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades. Now I never worry about what I’m wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. (14) [Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself: will looking smarter enhance my ability to do my job?] For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. (14) [But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often yes.] (15) [So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let’s face it. It’s probably worth it.]
15. What does the speaker advise people to do in an image-obsessed world?（讲话者建议人们在一个外表至上的世界里怎么做？）
解析：C。在录音结尾，讲话者建议人们，但凡是有助于我们在工作中实现目标的事情，就应该去做，而不是与制度作斗争。如果这意味着我们要小心地维护自己的形象，那不如就去面对现实。由此可知，讲话者建议人们去适应这个外表至上的世界，尽可能地让自己看起来很得体，因此C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到讲话者为自己设计制服、穿款式经典的套装，但这些都是她改善外在形象的具体手段，并非对每个人都适用，而且录音中没有明确说她给自己设计制服是为了显得与众不同，或是穿经典款式是为了给客户留下深刻印象，A项和D项属于细节拼凑，而且都过于片面，故均排除。B项利用录音中出现的fighting和trends设置干扰，但讲话者只是不建议人们与制度作斗争，并没有提到与时尚潮流作斗争，故排除B项。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Their failure to accumulate wealth.
B、Their obsession with consumption.
C、The deterioration of the environment.
D、The ever-increasing costs of housing.
解析：
听力原文
Did you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we had fifty years ago? Therefore, you’d think we’d have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. We’ve got tripled space, but (16) [we’ve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more.] This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, (16) [our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.]
I’m here to suggest an alternative—that having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint. Because it’s designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff, I’m really excited to live there.
How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. (17) [To stem consumption, we should think before we buy and ask ourselves: will it truly make me happier? Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, but we want belongings that we’re going to love for years.] Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, (18) [we need multifunctional spaces and housewares.] I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. For guests, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.
I’m not saying we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves: Could I do with a little life editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time?
16. What has prevented American’s happiness levels from increasing?（是什么阻止了美国人幸福水平的提高？）
解析：B。录音开头提到，在过去半个世纪里，美国人的幸福水平没有提高，并在上文指出了这一情况的原因，即人们如今非常热衷于消费，总是想要更多。B项与此内容相符，其中的obsession with consumption对应录音中的enthusiastic consumers，因此正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音开头虽然提到了热衷消费会导致信用卡债务（credit card debt），但这并不等同于美国人没有积累财富而阻止了他们提高幸福感，故排除A项。C项利用录音开头提到的environmental设置干扰，但这里只是说这一现象留下了环境足迹（environmental footprints），并没有说环境恶化（deteriotation of the environment）导致了人们的不幸福，故排除C项。录音中间部分虽然提到了讲话者买房的事，但并没有说住房成本上涨导致了人们的不幸福，故排除D项。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Things that we cherish most.
B、Things that boost efficiency.
C、Things that cost less money.
D、Things that are rare to find.
解析：
听力原文
Did you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we had fifty years ago? Therefore, you’d think we’d have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. We’ve got tripled space, but (16) [we’ve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more.] This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, (16) [our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.]
I’m here to suggest an alternative—that having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint. Because it’s designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff, I’m really excited to live there.
How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. (17) [To stem consumption, we should think before we buy and ask ourselves: will it truly make me happier? Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, but we want belongings that we’re going to love for years.] Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, (18) [we need multifunctional spaces and housewares.] I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. For guests, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.
I’m not saying we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves: Could I do with a little life editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time?
17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?（讲话者认为我们应该拥有哪些东西？）
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，我们应该在买东西之前问问自己：它真的能让我更开心吗？之后又提到，我们要的是那些能让我们珍爱多年的物品（belongings that we’re going to love for years）。A项与此内容相符，其中cherish对应的是录音中的love，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的efficiency设置干扰，但录音中说的是我们要有效利用空间（space efficiency），而不是拥有提高效率的东西，故排除。C项“更便宜的东西”和D项“稀有的东西”在录音中无依据，故均排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are mostly durable.
B、They are easily disposable.
C、They serve multiple purposes.
D、They benefit the environment.
解析：
听力原文
Did you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we had fifty years ago? Therefore, you’d think we’d have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. We’ve got tripled space, but (16) [we’ve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more.] This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, (16) [our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.]
I’m here to suggest an alternative—that having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint. Because it’s designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff, I’m really excited to live there.
How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. (17) [To stem consumption, we should think before we buy and ask ourselves: will it truly make me happier? Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, but we want belongings that we’re going to love for years.] Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, (18) [we need multifunctional spaces and housewares.] I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. For guests, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.
I’m not saying we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves: Could I do with a little life editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time?
18. What do we learn about the items in the speaker’s home?（我们对讲话者家里的物品有什么了解？）
解析：C。在录音后半部分，讲话者提到，我们需要具备多功能的空间和家居用品，并描述了自己如何对家具进行改造来更好地发挥有限的空间。C项与此内容相符，其中的serve multiple purposes对应录音中的multifunctional（具备多种功能的），故正确答案为C。
错项排除：讲话者在录音中对家里物品的描述没有体现出耐用（durable）、易于处理（easily disposable）、有益于环境（benefit the environment）等特点，故排除A、B、D三项。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、All respondents were afraid of making a high expense claim.
B、A number of respondents gave an average answer of 400 miles.
C、Most of the respondents got compensated for driving 384 miles.
D、Over 10% of the respondents lied about the distance they drove.
解析：
听力原文
Now, believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation—even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you’d claim in your expense report?
The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we’re discussing today. With surprising results, (19) [they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about the number of miles,] even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim.
But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? (20) [The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they’ll be judged by others.] If they care enough, they’re concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people’s suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie—selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company; while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others, for example, telling a friend whose outfit you don’t like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn’t a whole new category of lie. (21) [But the findings seem intuitive to me.] After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.
19. What did a team of scientists find in their study?（一个科学家团队在他们的研究中发现了什么？）
解析：D。四个选项中都是对respondents（受访者）的描述，预判题目可能与某项调查研究有关。录音前半部分介绍了一个科学家团队的研究，结果发现12%的受访者谎报了开车的里程数。D项与此内容相符，其中Over 10% of the respondents对应录音中的12% of respondents，lied about为原词复现，the distance they drove对应录音中的the number of miles，因此正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到，12%的受访者谎报了开车的里程数，因为他们怕别人怀疑自己上报的数字虚高（high expense claim），但并不是所有受访者都这样想，A项以偏概全，故排除。录音中两次提到400miles，一次是每月400英里的补助，一次是假设你这月开了400英里，并不是说受访者回答的平均数，故B项排除。录音中提到12%的受访者上报的平均里程数为384英里，并不是大多数受访者的报销里程数，故排除C项。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They endeavored to actually be honest.
B、They wanted to protect their reputation.
C、They cared about other people’s claims.
D、They responded to colleagues’ suspicion.
解析：
听力原文
Now, believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation—even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you’d claim in your expense report?
The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we’re discussing today. With surprising results, (19) [they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about the number of miles,] even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim.
But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? (20) [The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they’ll be judged by others.] If they care enough, they’re concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people’s suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie—selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company; while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others, for example, telling a friend whose outfit you don’t like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn’t a whole new category of lie. (21) [But the findings seem intuitive to me.] After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.
20. Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?（根据研究人员的说法，人们为什么要捏造数字而去损害自己的利益？）
解析：B。在录音中间部分，讲话者对人们为什么要捏造数字而损害自身利益这一问题作出了回答：研究人员解释说，这是因为许多人非常在意自己的名声以及别人对他们的评价。B项与此内容相符，其中的wanted to protect their reputation对应录音中的care a great deal about their reputation，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中指出，受访者谎报数字的做法，只是为了表现得诚实（appearing honest），其程度可能超过了他们想真正做到诚实的愿望（maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest），并不是说他们想努力做到真正诚实，故A项错误。录音中虽然出现了care about（关心）和claim（报销申请），但人们关心的对象是自己的名声和别人的评价，而不是报销申请，C项属于细节拼凑，故排除。录音中出现了respondents（受访者）和suspicious（怀疑的）这两个词，D项利用与之发音相似的responded（作出回应）和suspicion（怀疑）设置干扰，但根据录音中所说，人们谎报数字是为了避免被人怀疑，而不是对同事们的怀疑作出回应，故D项错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They seem positive.
B、They are illustrative.
C、They seem intuitive.
D、They are conclusive.
解析：
听力原文
Now, believe it or not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation—even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you’d claim in your expense report?
The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we’re discussing today. With surprising results, (19) [they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about the number of miles,] even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim.
But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? (20) [The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they’ll be judged by others.] If they care enough, they’re concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people’s suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie—selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company; while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others, for example, telling a friend whose outfit you don’t like that they look great.
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn’t a whole new category of lie. (21) [But the findings seem intuitive to me.] After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.
21. What does the speaker think of the researchers’ findings?（讲话者对研究结果有何看法？）
解析：C。在录音结尾，讲话者说他认为这些研究发现很直观（the findings seem intuitive to me），intuitive为原词复现，因此正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音中没有提到讲话者认为这些研究发现是positive（积极的）、illustrative（说明性的）或conclusive（具有结论性的），故排除其余三项。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Older people’s aversion to new music.
B、Older people’s changing musical tastes.
C、Insights into the features of good music.
D、Deterioration in the quality of new music.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Why do old people dislike new music?] As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.
(23) [In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music.] Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this. As there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age, so to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.
(22) [But there’re maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music.] (24) [One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.] This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase. So there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.
Of course, those teen years weren’t necessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. Psychology research has shown that (25) [the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.] So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order of things.
22. What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?（讲话者在演讲中主要讨论了什么？）
解析：A。在录音开头，讲话者提出问题：老年人为什么不喜欢新的音乐？在录音中间，讲话者点明了演讲的主题，即上了年纪的人对于新音乐的反感（older people’s aversion to new music），并探讨了出现这种反感的其他原因。由此可知，整篇演讲都是围绕着老年人对于新音乐的反感这一话题展开，因此正确答案为A。
错项排除：录音中提到，心理学指出，在人们20岁出头的时候，他们的音乐品味就已经根深蒂固了（these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly），由此可知老年人的音乐品味是相对固定的，而非不断变化的，故B项错误。C项利用录音中出现的insights设置干扰，但录音中说的是心理学可以给我们一些关于这个难题的深刻见解，这些见解并非针对好音乐的特点，故排除C项。录音开头提到，一些人认为现在创作出来的音乐不如以前了，讲话者随后探讨了出现这种想法的原因，可知新音乐质量下降并不是事实，只不过是人们的主观感受，而且这也不是演讲主要讨论的内容，故排除D项。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They seldom listen to songs released in their teens.
B、They can make subtle distinctions about music.
C、They find all music sounds the same.
D、They no longer listen to new music.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Why do old people dislike new music?] As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.
(23) [In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music.] Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this. As there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age, so to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.
(22) [But there’re maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music.] (24) [One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.] This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase. So there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.
Of course, those teen years weren’t necessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. Psychology research has shown that (25) [the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.] So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order of things.
23. What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33?（研究发现，大多数人到33岁时会怎样？）
解析：D。根据选项，预判题目可能与人们对音乐的反应有关。录音前半部分提到，研究发现，在33岁以后，大多数人已经不会再去听新音乐了。D项与此内容相符，其中的no longer listen to new music是对录音中stopped listening to new music的同义替换，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的songs released when you’re in your early teens设置干扰，但此处说的是，在你十几岁时发行的流行歌曲，很可能会在你的同龄人中流行一辈子，A项与此内容相悖，故排除。B项和C项分别利用录音中出现的make subtle distinctions和all sound the same设置干扰，但录音中说的是大脑对不同和弦、节奏和旋律进行细微区分的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降，所以对老年人来说，那些不熟悉的新歌听起来可能都一样，并不是说所有音乐听起来都一样，而且录音中也没有明确指出人在33岁时到底能不能区分出音乐的细微差别，故排除B、C两项。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The more you experience something, the better you’ll appreciate it.
B、The more you experience something, the longer you’ll remember it.
C、The more you are exposed to something, the deeper you’ll understand it.
D、The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar it’ll be to you.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Why do old people dislike new music?] As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.
(23) [In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music.] Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this. As there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age, so to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.
(22) [But there’re maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music.] (24) [One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.] This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase. So there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.
Of course, those teen years weren’t necessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. Psychology research has shown that (25) [the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.] So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order of things.
24. What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology?（从社会心理学研究得最多的一个规律中，我们能了解到什么？）
解析：A。四个选项都使用了“The more...the more...”句型，且每个选项前半句话的意思相近，因此选出答案的关键在于关注每个选项后半句话的不同。录音中间部分提到，社会心理学研究最多的规律之一是所谓的“纯粹暴露效应”，从本质上讲，这意味着我们与某种东西接触得越多，我们就越喜欢它。A项与此内容相符，其中The more you experience something是对录音中the more we’re exposed to something的同义替换，the better you’ll appreciate it是对录音中the more we tend to like it的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B、C、D三项分别利用录音中出现的memorable、the more we’re exposed to something和familiar设置干扰，但关于社会心理学研究最多的规律，录音中没有提及记忆时长、理解深度和熟悉度等信息，故排除B、C、D三项。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Teenagers are much more sensitive.
B、Teenagers are much more sentimental.
C、Teenagers’ memories are more lasting.
D、Teenagers’ emotions are more intense.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Why do old people dislike new music?] As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, “They just don’t make good music like they used to.” Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.
(23) [In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music.] Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this. As there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age, so to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.
(22) [But there’re maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music.] (24) [One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.] This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase. So there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.
Of course, those teen years weren’t necessarily carefree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. Psychology research has shown that (25) [the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.] So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order of things.
25. What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are memorable and beloved?（下列哪项可以解释，为什么人们对自己在青少年时期听的歌曲难以忘怀、深爱不移？）
解析：D。录音结尾处提到，我们在青少年时期所经历的情感似乎比后来经历的更强烈，而强烈的情感与更加深刻的记忆和偏好之间存在着联系。这两点可以解释，为什么我们在这个阶段听的歌曲会如此地令人难以忘怀、深爱不移。由此可知这种现象的原因在于青少年时期的情感更加强烈，D项与此内容相符，其中emotions和more intense为原词复现，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到的more intense指的是情感更加强烈，并不代表更敏感（more sensitive）或更多愁善感（more sentimental），做题时需要注意区分词义，故排除A、B两项。C项利用录音中出现的stronger memories设置干扰，但这里说的是强烈的情感与更加深刻的记忆之间存在着联系，换句话说，是青少年时期的强烈情感使得人们对这个时期听的歌曲印象更加深刻，而不是因为青少年的记性好，而且记性好也不能解释为什么会“深爱不移”，故可排除C项。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Social distancing is putting people out of work, canceling school and tanking the stock market. It has been (26)_____ by fear, and it is creating even more fear as money problems and uncertainty grow. However, at its core is love, and a sacrifice to protect those most (27)_____ to the coronavirus’ (冠状病毒) effects—the elderly, people with compromised immune systems, and those whose life-saving resources would be used up by a (28)_____ epidemic.
Americans make life-saving decisions every day as a matter of course. We cut food into bite-sized pieces, we wear seatbelts, and we take care not to exceed the speed limit. But social distancing is (29)_____ in that it is completely self-sacrificing. Those who will benefit may be the elderly relatives of the (30)_____ person we didn’t pass in Starbucks, on the subway, or in the elevator.
Social distancing is millions of people making hundreds of sacrifices to keep the elderly alive. It doesn’t include the (31)_____ to run from society or make an excuse to avoid one’s obligations—such as life-saving medical work or the parental obligation to buy groceries. What it does include is applying love through caution. And in doing so, it offers an (32)_____ opportunity for those who care about the elderly to find new ways to love them.
If we’re not (33)_____ as much in our normal work or school, we have extra time to call parents and grandparents. We can also ask elderly relatives how to best support them (34)_____ and use our sacrifices as an opportunity to bring us, our community and the world (35)_____.
26、(1)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：
名词
premises (-s) 前提；假定
temptations (-s) 引诱；诱惑
动词
driven 驾驶；驱动
engaged (-ed) 从事；融入
oppressing (-ing) 压迫；压抑
tickled (-ed) 胳肢；使发痒
形容词
amazing 令人惊喜的；惊人的
closer (-er) 更加紧密的
driven 受……影响的
engaged 忙的；已订婚的
malignant 恶性的
random 随机的；随意的
thriftier (-er) 更节约的；更节俭的
unique 独特的；特别的
vulnerable 易受伤害的；易患病的
副词
sentimentally 多愁善感地
spiritually 在精神上
26. driven
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为It has been，空格后为by fear，由此推测空格处应填入动词过去分词形式，构成被动语态。空格所在句开头的It指代上文中的Social distancing（保持社交距离），整句话的意思是：保持社交距离这种行为一直受恐惧____，并且随着金钱问题和不确定性的增加制造着更多的恐慌。be driven by表示“被……所驱使”，driven填入空格表示“这种行为一直被恐惧所驱使”，符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。
27. vulnerable
解析：形容词辨析题。空格处于动宾短语protect those most ____ to the coronavirus’ effects中，空格前为those most，由此推测空格处应填入形容词，与前面的most，构成形容词的最高级形式，作为后置定语修饰前面的those（那些人）。空格所在句的意思为：但是，这一行为的核心是爱，是一种牺牲，是为了保护那些最____的人。破折号之后的内容是对前面的those进行说明：这些人包括老年人、免疫系统受损的人以及那些会被这场流行病耗尽生命资源的人。根据破折号之后的内容可知，前面的those是指那些易受冠状病毒侵袭的人，在形容词备选项中，只有vulnerable填入空格符合语义逻辑，表示“那些最容易感染冠状病毒的人”，其中“be vulnerable to+疾病名”表示“易患某种疾病的”，故此处应填入vulnerable。
28. malignant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词epidemic，由此推测空格处应填入一个非元音音节开头的形容词，修饰epidemic（流行病）。空格所在句后半句的意思为：这些人包括老年人、免疫系统受损的人，以及那些会被一场____流行病耗尽生命资源的人。形容词备选项中，只有malignant（恶性的）填入空格符合句意，表示“那些会被一场恶性流行病耗尽生命资源的人”，故为正确答案。
29. unique
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词is，空格后为in that引导的原因状语从句，空格所在句缺少表语，由此推测空格处应填入形容词或名词。空格所在句的意思为：但保持社交距离是____因为它完全是一种自我牺牲。上文说到，我们会系上安全带，我们会注意不要超速，再结合本句开头表示转折的But可知，保持社交距离与上述行为不同，因为人们这样做不是为了自保，而是为了保全他人而作出自我牺牲。备选项中，只有unique（独特的；特别的）能够凸显出“保持社交距离”这一行为的特别之处，填入空格处表示“但保持社交距离的特别之处在于它完全是一种自我牺牲。”，故unique为正确答案。
30. random
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词person，由此推测空格处应填入形容词。空格所在句的意思为：因此而受益的人可能是我们在星巴克、地铁或电梯里未曾谋面的____人的年长亲戚。形容词备选项中，只有random（随机的；随意的）填入空格符合语义，表示“任意一个人”，故为正确答案。
31. temptations
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句的宾语成分不全，空格前为定冠词the，空格后为不定式短语，由此推测空格处应填入名词，与前面的the共同作句子的宾语。空格所在句前半句大意为：它不包括人们逃离社会，或是找借口逃避责任的____。后面一句则指出，它所包括的是谨慎的爱。可知填入空格的词应与下文中的love相对应。名词备选项只有temptations（引诱；诱惑）填入空格符合语义逻辑，表示“它指的不是人们受到诱惑逃离社会，或是找借口逃避责任”，故为正确答案。
32. amazing
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词an，空格后为名词opportunity，由此推测空格处应填入元音音节开头的形容词。形容词备选项中，只有amazing（令人惊喜的；惊人的）和engaged（忙的；已订婚的）符合条件。结合句义“通过这样做，它为那些关心老年人的人提供了一个____机会，让他们找到新的方式来爱这些老人”，可知amazing填入空格符合语义，表示“一个绝妙的机会”，故为正确答案。
33. engaged
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句为If引导的条件状语从句，从句中缺少表语，由此推测空格处应填入动词分词形式或形容词。空格所在句的意思为：如果我们平时不那么____工作和学习，我们就会有额外的时间来给父母和祖父母打电话。根据常识，空格处要表达的意思是“忙着日常工作”，选项中只有engaged可与in搭配表示“忙于做某事”，填入空格意为“如果我们平时不那么忙着工作和学习”，符合语义，故为正确答案。
34. spiritually
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在分句主干成分完整，由此推断空格处应填入副词。空格所在分句的意思为：我们还可以问问长辈亲戚应该如何____给予他们最好的支持。副词备选项为sentimentally（多愁善感地）和spiritually（在精神上），其中spiritually填入空格表示“问问长辈亲戚应该如何在精神上给予他们最好的支持”，呼应前一句提到的“给父母和祖父母打电话”以及上一段末尾的“找到新的方式来爱这些老人”，故此处应填入spiritually。
35. closer
解析：形容词辨析题。空格处于一个不定式短语中，bring us, our community and the world后面缺少直接宾语或宾语补足语，由此推测空格处应填入名词或形容词。空格所在分句的意思为：将我们的牺牲作为一个契机，使我们、我们的社区和世界____。备选项中，只有closer（更加紧密的）填入空格符合语义，表示“使我们、我们的社区和世界变得更加紧密”，故为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、thriftier
B、tickled
C、engaged
D、amazing
E、driven
F、unique
G、premises
H、spiritually
I、sentimentally
J、vulnerable
K、temptations
L、oppressing
M、malignant
N、random
O、closer
解析：见上一题！
Slow Hope
36、36. It seems some people today dream that a cutting-edge new technology might save them from the present ecological disaster.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 如今，似乎有一些人梦想着会有一种新的尖端技术可以拯救他们脱离眼前的生态灾难。
解析：E。根据题干中的some people today、a cutting-edge new technology和save可定位至原文E和F段。E段提到，如今有些说法似乎在暗示我们要指望一位从天而降的工程师来拯救地球，以及我们或许可以依靠地球工程、冷聚变等技术来彻底解决地球面临的诸多环境问题。在F段中，作者批驳了这类说法，指出这种方向是错误的。由此可知，题干与E段内容相符，题干中的It seems some people today dream that对应E段第一句中的Some of today’s narratives...seem to suggest that（如今一些有关未来的说法似乎暗示着），a cutting-edge new technology是对E段第二句中geoengineering, cold fusion or faster-than-light spaceships（地球工程、冷聚变或超光速宇宙飞船）的概括，save them from the present ecological disaster是对该句中的transcend...all the terrestrial constraints of rising temperatures...polluted water（彻底超越地球上的所有限制，包括气温上升、能源短缺、食物匮乏、空间不足、废弃物堆积、水源污染等）的概括。故题干是对原文E段的概括总结。
37. 根据一位伟大思想家的说法，如果我们丧失了以不同的方式去思考的能力，那将是极其不幸的。
解析：I。根据题干中的one great thinker和lose the ability to think differently可定位至原文I段。该段第二句提到，未来主义的领军人物之一恩斯特·布洛赫在《希望的原则》一书中写道：“最悲惨的失去……就是丧失了想象事物可以有所不同的能力。”。题干中的one great thinker对应I段第二句中提到的哲学家Ernst Bloch，most unfortunate对应该句中的the most tragic，if we lose the ability to think differently是对该句中the loss of the capacity to imagine that things could be different的同义改写，故题干是对I段第二句的同义转述。
38. 我们应该迫切关注我们在追求舒适生活过程中所造成的生态问题。
解析：C。根据题干中的Urgent attention、ecological problems和in our pursuit of a comfortable life可定位至原文C段。该段第一句提到，如今，我们再也不能忽视为寻求温暖和舒适而释放出的生态诅咒。随后提到了诸多生态问题在迅速恶化，我们经常被提醒：留给我们的时间不多了。题干与此内容相符，其中的ecological problems对应原文C段第一句中的ecological curses，in our pursuit of a comfortable life是对该句中in our search for warmth and comfort的同义替换，Urgent attention对应C段第四句中的we are running out of time，故题干是对原文C段内容的概括。
39. 即使是在快餐盛行的美国，素食者的数量也在增加。
解析：K。根据题干中的Even in the fast-food nation America和vegetarians可定位至原文K段中间部分。K段第三句提到，甚至在美国这个快餐盛行的国家，小农场和城市花园的数量也在增加。之后的第五句提到，2017年，美国有6%的消费者称自己是严格的素食主义者，这一比例超过了2014年的1%。题干中的Even in the fast-food nation America对应K段第三句中的Even in the United States—the fast-food nation，the number...is on the rise对应K段第五句中1%到6%的增长，vegetarians为原词复现，故题干是对K段第三、五句内容的概括。
40. 由于人类的生产与消耗急剧增加，生态系统正在加速恶化。
解析：D。根据题干中的dramatic increase of human production and consumption可定位至原文D段第五句。该段第五至七句提到，人类在生产、消耗和出行方面的加速改变了有生命和无生命的领域。而这种加速在人类赖以生存的自然过程中也有体现。在物种灭绝、森林滥伐、河流筑坝、洪水爆发、臭氧耗损、海洋系统退化和许多其他领域中都存在着加速。由此可知，人类在生产和消耗方面的猛增导致了生态领域的加速恶化。题干与此内容相符，其中的The deterioration of the ecological system对应原文D段第七句中列举的生态环境恶化现象，即Species extinction...the degradation of ocean systems and many other areas，is accelerating对应该句中的are all experiencing acceleration，题干中的dramatic increase是对D段第五句中The acceleration的同义替换，human production和consumption为原词复现，故题干是对原文D段部分内容的概括。
41. 显然，人们必须找到解决办法来遏制环境的迅速恶化和社会加速现象。
解析：G。根据题干中的obvious、solutions must be found和the fast worsening environment and social acceleration可定位至原文G段第一句。该句提到，答案显而易见：我们需要找到方法，帮助我们拉平那条反映出生态破坏加剧和社会加速的曲棍球棒曲线。题干中的obvious对应G段第一句中的clear，solutions must be found是对该句中we need to find ways的同义替换，curb对应该句中的flatten the hockey-stick curves（拉平曲棍球棒曲线，意指缓解生态环境的恶化），the fast worsening environment and social acceleration是对该句中ever-faster pace of ecological destruction and social acceleration的同义替换，故题干是对原文G段第一句的同义转述。
42. 许多人相信改变世界是可能的，尽管这需要时间，并且会遇到挫折。
解析：A。根据题干中的changing the world is possible和it may take time and involve setbacks可定位至原文A段。该段提到，我们的世界充满了关于缓慢希望的故事，这些故事发展的动力来自于人们相信改变是可能的。这些故事展开的进程很“缓慢”，这是因为它们常与挫折相伴而行。题干中Many people对应A段第一句开头的Our world is full of，changing the world is possible对应该段第一句结尾的change is possible，而it may take time and involve setbacks则分别对应该段第二句中的slow和come with setbacks，故题干是对原文A段的概括。
43. 指望某项神奇的技术可以一举拯救我们的世界，这种想法可能是错误的。
解析：F。根据题干中的wrong、our world would be saved、at one stroke和miraculous technology可定位至原文F段。该段前两句指出，如果我们设想我们的救赎来自于某个人，他能奇迹般地凭空创造出一种新能源或者想出一条万全之策，那么我们可能搞错了方向。即使我们把地球视为一个整体，这也并不意味着，凭借天才和技术提出一个全球性的重大举措就能让我们一举“拯救”地球。题干中的It might be wrong对应F段第一句结尾的we might be looking in the wrong place，our world would be saved对应F段第二句中的the ‘rescue’ of our planet，at one stroke对应该句中的come with one big global stroke，technology为原词复现，故题干是对原文F段第一、二句的概括总结。
44. 对更美好世界心存希冀是人类的天性。
解析：I。根据题干中的human nature和cherish hopes可定位至原文I段最后两句。该处提到，我们对于自身“潜力”的设想使我们成为“真正的”人类。换言之，生活在希望中，人才是人。题干中的human nature对应I段倒数第二句中的makes us ‘authentic’ as humans和倒数第一句中的makes us human，cherish hopes对应I段倒数第一句中的living in hope，故题干是对I段最后两句的概括。
45. 科技给了我们人类改变自然界的力量，但我们也为此付出了代价。
解析：B。根据题干中的Technology、change the natural world和paid a price可定位至原文B段。该段第二、三句提到，就像神话里写得那样，技术使我们能够改变并控制自然界。神话还提醒我们，取得这些进步是要付出代价的。题干中的Technology和the natural world为原词复现，has given us humans the power to change是对B段第二句中has allowed us to alter的同义替换，paid a price对应B段第三句中的come at a price，故题干是对原文B段第二、三句的概括。
37、37. According to one great thinker, it is most unfortunate if we lose the ability to think differently.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
38、38. Urgent attention should be paid to the ecological problems we have created in our pursuit of a comfortable life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
39、39. Even in the fast-food nation America, the number of vegetarians is on the rise.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
40、40. The deterioration of the ecological system is accelerating because of the dramatic increase of human production and consumption.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
41、41. It is obvious that solutions must be found to curb the fast worsening environment and social acceleration.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
42、42. Many people believe changing the world is possible, though it may take time and involve setbacks.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
43、43. It might be wrong to expect that our world would be saved at one stroke with some miraculous technology.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
44、44. It is human nature to cherish hopes for a better world.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Technology has given us humans the power to change the natural world, but we have paid a price for the change.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
Vegetarians would prefer not to be compelled to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion (强迫) is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based "planetary diet". Nowhere is this more visible than in India.
Earlier this year, the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for “substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods.” In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.
The EAT report presumes that “traditional diets” in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.
In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost, geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy “vegetarian diet” on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.
Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged classes and indigenous communities are being compelled to give up their traditional foods.
None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission’s representative, Brent Loken, who said “India has got such a great example” in sourcing protein from plants.
But how much of a model for the world is India’s vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index 2019, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed.
Which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.
A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as mortality.
EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to “spark conversations” among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate. But the most conspicuous omission may well be the absence of India’s farmers.
The government, however, seems to have given the report a thumbs-up. Rather than addressing chronic hunger and malnutrition through an improved access to wholesome and nutrient-dense foods, the government is opening the door for company-dependent solutions, ignoring the environmental and economic cost, which will destroy local food systems. It’s a model full of danger for future generations.
46、46. What is more visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?
A、People’s positive views on the proposals for a “planetary diet”.
B、People’s reluctance to be compelled to eat plant-based food.
C、People’s preferences for the kind of food they consume.
D、People’s unwillingness to give up their eating habits.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的more visible in India than anywhere else可定位至原文第一段结尾的“这一点在印度最为明显”（Nowhere is this more visible than in India.）。本段前面提到，素食者不喜欢被人逼着吃肉。但是，一项倡导植物性“星球膳食”的新提议却暗藏了一种反向强迫（reverse compulsion）。由此可知，在印度尤为明显的一点就是首句提到的“反向强迫”，指的是就像素食者不喜欢被人逼着吃肉一样，印度人也不愿意被强迫吃植物性食物。故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用原文第一段出现的proposals和“planetary diet”设置干扰，但原文中没有提到positive views（持积极态度），而是指出这是另外一种形式的强迫，A项与原文意思相悖，故排除。原文中虽然提到素食者不喜欢吃肉，但没有将印度人对于某种食物种类的偏好与其他国家相比，故排除C项。D项利用原文第五段出现的give up their traditional foods设置干扰，但原文中也没有比较不同国家人民放弃原有饮食习惯的意愿，D项不符合题意，故排除。
47、47. What would the EAT-Lancet Commission’s report do to many people in countries like India?
A、Radically change their dietary habits.
B、Keep them further away from politics.
C、Make them even more undernourished.
D、Substantially reduce their food choices.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的EAT-Lancet Commission’s report和countries like India可定位至原文第二段。该段第二句指出，在像印度这样的国家，柳叶刀报告中对于植物性饮食的呼吁可能会使原本紧张的政治局势雪上加霜，给本就营养不足的民众带来压力。C项与此内容相符，其中的undernourished为原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：文中只提到柳叶刀报告对于人们饮食习惯的影响，但没有到可以彻底改变的程度，A项属于过分夸大，故排除。B项利用原文第二段中出现的political设置干扰，但这里只是说柳叶刀报告倡导的植物性饮食会使原本紧张的政治局势雪上加霜，并不是使人们更加远离政治，故排除B项。D项利用原文第二段中出现的substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods设置干扰，但这里说的是该报告呼吁人们大幅减少动物源食材的消耗，而不是大大减少食物的选择，D项属于偷换概念，故排除。
48、48. What do we learn from the passage about food consumption in India?
A、People’s diet will not change due to the EAT-Lancet report.
B、Many people simply do not have access to foods they prefer.
C、There is a growing popularity of a cereal-heavy vegetarian diet.
D、Policymakers help remove the barriers to people’s choice of food.
解析：
解析：B。题目问的是印度人民的饮食情况，根据选项中的关键词EAT-Lancet report、foods they prefer、cereal-heavy vegetarian diet、policymakers和barriers可定位至原文第三至五段。第四段第一句提到，在印度，由于阶级、宗教等方面存在诸多屏障，人们想吃的食物（what people would wish to consume）与不得不吃的食物（what they have to consume）之间有着巨大的差异。第五段又提到，受到政府的影响，很多人群正在被迫放弃他们的传统食物。由此可知，有很多人都吃不到他们想吃的食物。B项与此内容相符，其中的foods they prefer是对原文第四段第一句中what people would wish to consume的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文第二段提到，在像印度这样的国家，柳叶刀报告会给本就营养不足的民众带来压力，由此可知，该报告会对印度人民的饮食造成影响，A项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项利用原文第四段中提到的a cereal-heavy “vegetarian diet”（以谷类为主的“素食”）设置干扰，但该处说的是印度的政策制定者提倡以肉食为主的人们遵行以谷类为主的“素食”，并没有提到这类素食是否受欢迎，故排除C项。D项利用原文第四段中出现的barriers和Policymakers设置干扰，但原文中提到的印度在各方面的屏障和政策制定者推行素食之间没有直接联系，D项属于细节拼凑，故排除。
49、49. What does the passage say about a plant-based diet modeled on India?
A、It may benefit populations whose traditional diet is meat-based.
B、It may be another blow to the economy in developing counties.
C、It may help narrow the gap between the rich and poor countries.
D、It may worsen the nourishment problem in low-income countries.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的a plant-based diet modeled on India可定位至原文第八段。该段提到，呼吁人们效仿印度的植物性饮食可能会给发展中国家原本脆弱的群体再一次带来打击。由此可知，效仿印度的植物性饮食可能会加剧低收入国家的营养问题。D项与此内容相符，其中的worsen the nourishment problem对应原文第八段中的offering another whip，low-income countries对应该段中的developing countries，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项利用原文第四段出现的meat-eating population设置干扰，但原文只是说印度提倡那些以肉食为主的人遵行素食，并使得一些人群放弃了自己的传统饮食，并没有说这对于他们来说是有益的，而且原文明确说到这会加剧营养问题，所以并非是有益的，故A项错误。B项利用原文第八段中的another whip和developing countries设置干扰，但这里只提到对发展中国家弱势群体的打击，未提到对其经济的影响，故排除B项。原文第九段虽然提到了富裕的西方国家（the affluent West）和低收入国家（low-income countries），但这里说的是针对富裕国家的植物性饮食并不适用于低收入国家，没有说到这缩小了二者之间的差距，故排除C项。
50、50. How does the Indian government respond to the EAT-Lancet Commission’s proposals?
A、It accepts them at the expense of the long-term interests of its people.
B、It intends them to spark conversations among all Indian stakeholders.
C、It gives them approval regardless of opposition from nutrition experts.
D、It welcomes them as a tool to address chronic hunger and malnutrition.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的Indian government可定位至原文最后一段。该段开头提到，印度政府似乎对这份报告大加赞赏；并在末尾提到，这种模式将对后代子孙贻害无穷。A项是对此内容的概括总结，其中的accepts them对应原文最后一段中的have given the report a thumbs-up，at the expense of the long-term interests是对该段结尾danger for future generations的同义转述，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用原文倒数第二段中的“spark conversations” among all Indian stakeholders设置干扰，这是柳叶刀饮食委员会发布报告的目的，而非印度政府对提议的回应，B项属于张冠李戴，故排除。原文中只提到那些谴责食品加工业和食品强化战略的人被排挤到辩论之外，但没有提到营养专家是否反对，故排除C项。D项利用原文第二段中的tool和最后一段中的addressing chronic hunger and malnutrition设置干扰，但原文说的是印度政府没能改善长期饥饿和营养不良的问题，故排除D项。
Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You—Yes But”, which remains one of the most irritating aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they moan about it ceaselessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game—dismissing every suggestion until their interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance—they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their resentments and excused from any obligation to change.
Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by—taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a half-witted boss—it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.
Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s an ingenious way to shut it down—which is to agree with it, ardently. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further moaning, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The notion that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic —not to mention rather annoying—so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.
“And then, sometimes, something magical might happen,” Gottlieb writes. The other person “might realise she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels.” Which illustrates the irony of the responsibility/fault fallacy: evading responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility fees unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.
51、51. What is characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to psychiatrist Eric Berne?
A、They only feel angry about their ill treatment and resent whoever tries to help.
B、They are chronically unhappy and ceaselessly find fault with people around them.
C、They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for tackling the problem.
D、They lack the knowledge and basic skills required for successful conversations with their interlocutors.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的chronic complainer和psychiatrist Eric Berne可定位至原文第一段第二句。该句后面描述了爱抱怨的人都有哪些特点：一旦生活中遇到了问题，这些人就会不停地抱怨，但又会找借口反驳别人提出的任何解决方案，因为他们只想证明自己没错，就可以心安理得地不用承担解决问题的责任。C项与此内容相符，其中的dismiss others’ proposals是对原文第一段第三句中dismiss any solution that’s proposed的同义替换，taking no responsibility...problem对应该段最后一句中的excused from any obligation to change，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A、B、D三项分别利用原文中的annoyance和resentments、ceaselessly和fault以及interlocutor设置干扰，但原文只提到爱抱怨的人会一直反驳别人提出的解决方案，并试图以此来逃避责任，并没有提到A项中的“怨恨试图帮助他们的人”、B项中的“挑周围人身上的毛病”以及D项中的“缺乏交谈所需的知识和基本技能”，故A、B、D三项均可排除。
52、52. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep?
A、People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes.
B、It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault.
C、People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
D、A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.
解析：
解析：D。由题干中的illustrate with the example可知本题为例证题，根据the newborn on one’s doorstep可定位至原文第二段。根据例证的原则，例子的出现是为了证明论点，而论点通常出现在例子之前，因此解题的关键在于找到例子前面的观点句。原文第二段第一句指出，这件事的部分问题在于所谓的“责任/过错谬误”。该段第三句接着说到，其实这其中存在概念的混淆（confusion），如果我在家门口发现了一个新生儿，这不是我的过错，但这一定有我的责任。作者是要用这个例子来帮助人们区分“责任”与“过错”，从而避免混淆。故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项对应的是原文第二段第二句中的假设，也就是当一个人觉得自己受了委屈，就很容易会认为这是别人的错，不应该由自己负责解决，但这并不是“家门口的新生儿”这个例子所想要阐明的观点，故排除A项。B项利用原文第二段第二句中的become attached to the position和该段中的fault设置干扰，但在提出“家门口的新生儿”这个例子时，作者明确指出，这不是我的过错（it wouldn’t be my fault），所以并不存在忽视自己过错的情况，故排除B项。C项利用原文第二段第五句中的choices设置干扰，但这里作者强调的是在这种情况下要承担起作选择的责任，C项偏离了例证的重点，故排除。
53、53. What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers?
A、Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.
B、Listen to their complaints ardently and sympathetically.
C、Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.
D、Persuade them to clarify the confusion they have caused.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的advise和chronic complainers可定位至原文第三段。该段第一句提到，有一种巧妙的方法可以让自己不再遭受对方没完没了的抱怨，那就是热烈地认同对方。A项与此内容相符，其中Stop them from going further对应原文第三段第一句中的shut it down，by agreeing with them对应该句中的to agree with it，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用原文第三段第一句中的ardently设置干扰，但作者建议的方法是热烈地认同对方，没有提到倾听是否能阻止对方的抱怨，故排除B项。C、D项分别利用第一段中的validated和第二段中的confusion设置干扰，但其中的with further evidence和Persuade them在原文中均无依据，故排除。
54、54. What happens when chronic complainers receive over-validation?
A、They are motivated to find ingenious ways to persuade their interlocutor.
B、They are prompted to come up with ideas for making possible changes.
C、They are stimulated to make more complaints.
D、They are encouraged to start arguing back.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的receive over-validation可定位至原文第三段倒数第二句。该句提到，被过度认同的人通常会再次听到自己的抱怨，并开始反驳这些怨言。该段最后一句提到，于是他们会受到激励并思考如何去改变现状。B项是对此内容的同义转述，其中They are prompted to come up with ideas对应最后一句中的they’re prompted instead to generate ideas，making possible changes对应how they might change things，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项和D项分别利用第三段中的ingenious way和start arguing back设置干扰，但原文中说的是被过度认同的人会反驳自己的怨言，而不是去反驳或者劝说与他们对话的人，故排除两项。原文中提到，被过度认同的人会停止抱怨，C项与此内容相悖，故排除。
55、55. How can one stop being a chronic complainer according to the author?
A、Analysing the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy.
B、Avoiding hazardous traps in everyday social life.
C、Assuming responsibility to free oneself.
D、Awaiting something magical to happen.
解析：
解析：C。原文最后一句提到，逃避责任让人感觉舒服，但结果却成了一座监牢；承担责任并不好受，但最终却能给人自由。结合上文中提到爱抱怨的人通常不愿承担责任，而当他们承担起责任并想办法解决问题时，就会停止抱怨，可知一个人停止抱怨的重点在于学会承担责任。C项与此内容相符，其中的Assuming responsibility为原词复现，to free oneself对应原文结尾的ends up being freeing，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A、B、D三项分别利用原文中的the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy、trapped和everyday social life以及something magical might happen设置干扰，但其中的Analysing、Avoiding和Awaiting在原文中没有依据，故排除A、B、D三项。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统，在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施，以确保其成为一条“绿色铁路”。青藏铁路大大缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。更重要的是，它极大地促进了西藏的经济发展，改善了当地居民的生活。铁路开通后，愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏，这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景。
参考答案：
参考译文
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world. It is the first railroad to connect Tibet and other areas of China with a total length of 1,965 kilometers, 960 kilometers of which is at the altitude of over 4,000 meters. As the railway crosses the world’s most vulnerable ecosystem, the ecological protection measures have been taken during and after the construction in order to guarantee a “green railway”. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has shortened the travelling time greatly between China’s inland and Tibet, and more importantly, it has considerably promoted the economic development of Tibet and improved the living standard of local residents. Since the opening of the railway, a growing number of people have chosen to visit Tibet by train so that they could have the opportunity to enjoy the scenery along the rail.
解析：
词汇难点
青藏铁路 the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
高原 plateau
海拔 altitude
生态系统 eco-system
生态保护措施 ecological protection measures
内地 inland
旅行时间 travelling time
经济发展 economic development
当地居民 local resident
开通 opening
欣赏 enjoy; admire
沿线 along the rail
表达难点
第一句：本句内容较多，可按照分句之间的内在逻辑分为两个部分。第一部分总述青藏铁路，即“青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路”，可单独成句，翻译时注意表语中有两个最高级“最高”和“最长”。第二部分具体描述青藏铁路，包括三个分句“全长1956公里”“其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上”和“是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路”。第二部分的内容承接第一句，翻译时需增译主语“青藏铁路”，可用it代替，“是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路”可作为第二部分的主句。“全长1956公里”可处理为伴随状语，进一步介绍“青藏铁路”的属性，译为with a total length of 1,956 kilometers。“其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上”可处理为非限制性定语从句，译为960 kilometers of which is at the altitude of over 4,000 meters。
第二句：本句较长，但逻辑关系相对清晰，第一个分句“由于铁路穿越世界上最脆弱的生态系统”包含表示原因的逻辑词“由于”，可将其处理为原因状语从句，由As引导。第二个分句可作为主句，需注意“在建设期间和建成后都采取了生态保护措施”属于无主句，可理解为“生态保护措施被采取”，在翻译时使用被动语态，译为the ecological protection measures have been taken during and after the construction。第三个分句“以确保其成为一条‘绿色铁路’”中“以确保”表示目的，可将其处理为目的状语，用in order to表示，需要注意“绿色铁路”在这里表示的是“不破坏环境”的意思，按字面意思译为a green railway加双引号即可。
第三、四句：分析句子可知，第三、四两句之间存在意义上的递进关系，第三句讲了青藏铁路缩短了旅行时间，第四句从更重要的方面来说明青藏铁路促进了经济发展，改善了人民生活。翻译时可将第三、四句处理为并列句，“更重要的是”可译为and more importantly或moreover。本部分也可直接翻译为两个独立句子，作为独立句子时More importantly或Moreover需要首字母大写。
第五句：本句中可将“愈来愈多的人选择乘火车前往西藏”作为主句，“铁路开通后”为时间状语，译为Since the opening of the railway，置于句首。本句主要讲的是自铁路开通至今的影响，故应使用现在完成时。“这样还有机会欣赏沿线的美景”表示的是乘火车前往西藏所产生的积极结果，所以可将这部分处理为结果状语从句，译为so that they have the opportunity to enjoy the scenery along the rail。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be encouraged to develop creativity. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
When it comes to the importance of creativity, people often reach a consensus naturally. Ironically, an increasing number of people tend to ignore this capability. From my point of view, students should be encouraged to develop a creative mind, especially in the digital era we are living in.
Firstly, in the time of information explosion, young people are immersed in the sea of information. What they lack is not the ability to acquire data, but the ability to think creatively. Only through creativity and judgement can they sift through and process various information without being overwhelmed by the flood of it. Secondly, students need to develop their creativity because it will help them be better prepared for their future career. Those who can come up with innovative solutions to tricky issues are bound to be highly competitive at the workplace.
In summary, the importance of encouraging students to develop creativity could never be overstated. Parents and teachers need to be aware of this and provide students with more opportunities to cultivate their creativity.
参考译文
谈到创造力的重要性，人们往往会自然而然地达成共识。但讽刺的是，越来越多的人往往会忽视这种能力。在我看来，应该鼓励学生培养创造性思维，特别是在我们所处的数字时代。
首先，在这个信息爆炸的时代，年轻人沉浸于信息的海洋中，他们缺乏的不是获取数据的能力，而是创造性思考的能力。只有通过创造力和判断力，他们才能筛选和处理各种信息，而不至于被铺天盖地的信息所淹没。其次，学生需要培养他们的创造力，因为这能帮他们更好地为未来的职业生涯做准备。遇到棘手问题能够想出创新性解决方案的人，在职场必将会有很强的竞争力。
总之，鼓励学生发展创造力的重要性怎么强调都不为过。家长和老师需要意识到这一点，并为学生提供更多的机会来培养他们的创造力。
解析：
写作指南
从题目所给内容可以看出，本次六级考试的作文属于提纲类作文，要求考生针对“为什么要鼓励学生培养创造力”发表看法。考生首先可以对此话题进行简单的背景描述并提出自己的观点，然后从不同角度来分析原因，最后再总结、重申观点。行文时应注意语言通顺、逻辑清晰、层次分明，此外还应注意论证的合理性，即论据要能证明论点。
文章大纲
第一段：引出话题，进行简单的背景介绍：创造力很重要，但人们往往会忽视这一点。随后提出自己的观点：应当鼓励学生培养创造性思维。
第二段：从两方面说明培养创造力的必要性。一是创造力有利于提升筛选组织信息的能力，二是创造力对于职场发展大有裨益。
第三段：总结全文，提出建议：老师和家长应该提供更多机会来培养学生的创造力。
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