在当今高度复杂的企业网络环境中，对网络资源的精细化管理显得尤为重要。基于时间的VLAN访问控制技术，作为一种灵活的网络管理手段，能够有效地控制不同时间段内用户对特定VLAN资源的访问权限。本文将详细讲解如何通过time-range定义允许访问时间，并在交换机上配置access-map关联时间范围，实现工作日9:00-18:00允许特定VLAN访问的配置过程，同时探讨该功能在企业访客网络中的应用场景及配置要点。
一、基于时间的VLAN访问控制技术概述
基于时间的VLAN访问控制允许网络管理员根据预设的时间段，动态地控制用户对VLAN资源的访问权限。这种技术主要通过time-range命令定义时间范围，并结合access-map策略进行关联，从而实现对VLAN访问权限的精细化控制。
二、配置过程详解
- 定义时间范围
首先，我们需要在交换机上定义一个时间范围，指定允许访问的时间段。例如，我们可以使用以下命令定义一个名为WORKING_HOURS的时间范围，表示工作日的9:00-18:00：
time-range WORKING_HOURS
periodic weekdays 9:00 to 18:00
- 配置access-map
接下来，我们需要创建一个access-map，并将其与定义好的时间范围进行关联。access-map用于指定哪些VLAN在特定时间段内允许被访问。以下是一个示例配置：
access-list 100 permit vlan 10
access-map TIME_ACCESS_MAP 10 permit 100
time-range WORKING_HOURS
在这个示例中，我们创建了一个名为TIME_ACCESS_MAP的access-map，并将其与名为WORKING_HOURS的时间范围进行关联。access-list 100指定了允许访问的VLAN ID为10。
- 应用access-map到接口
最后，我们需要将配置好的access-map应用到交换机的接口上。以下是一个示例配置：
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
switchport port-security
switchport port-security maximum 1
switchport port-security violation shutdown
switchport port-security aging time 2
switchport port-security aging type inactivity
switchport port-security aging console logging
switchport port-security mac-address sticky
switchport protected
switchport block unicast
switchport block multicast
switchport block broadcast
switchport port-control auto
switchport trunk native vlan 1
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 20
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 30
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 40
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 50
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 60
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 70
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 80
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 90
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 100
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 110
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 120
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 130
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 140
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 150
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 160
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 170
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 180
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 190
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 200
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 210
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 220
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 230
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 240
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 250
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 260
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 270
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 280
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 290
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 300
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 310
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 320
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 330
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 340
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 350
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 360
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 370
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 380
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 390
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 400
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 410
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 420
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 430
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 440
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 450
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 460
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 470
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 480
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 490
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 500
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 510
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 520
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 530
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 540
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 550
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 560
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 570
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 580
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 590
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 600
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 610
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 620
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 630
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 640
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 650
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 660
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 670
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 680
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 690
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 700
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 710
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 720
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 730
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 740
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 750
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 760
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 770
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 780
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 790
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 800
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 810
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 820
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 830
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 840
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 850
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 860
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 870
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 880
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 890
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 900
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 910
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 920
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 930
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 940
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 950
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 960
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 970
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 980
switchport trunk allowed vlan add 990
switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 1000
!
注意：上述配置中的部分命令可能因交换机型号和软件版本的不同而有所差异，请根据实际情况进行调整。
三、应用场景及配置要点
基于时间的VLAN访问控制技术在企业访客网络中具有广泛的应用场景。例如，企业可以为访客分配一个临时的VLAN，并设置仅在正常工作时间内允许访问，从而确保访客网络资源的安全性和合理性。
在配置过程中，需要注意以下几点：
- 确保交换机支持基于时间的VLAN访问控制功能。
- 根据实际需求定义合适的时间范围，并确保时间范围的设置正确无误。
- 在配置access-map时，注意指定正确的VLAN ID和访问控制策略。
- 将配置好的access-map正确应用到相应的接口上，确保配置生效。
总之，基于时间的VLAN访问控制技术为企业网络管理提供了更加灵活和精细化的手段。通过合理配置和使用该技术，可以有效地提高企业网络资源的安全性和利用率。
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