Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.
B Design a new generation of mobile phones.
C Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.
D Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.
答案解析：
(1) A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high-definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. (2) This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface.
1. What are scientists planning to do?
解析：C。根据录音前两句可知，科学家们计划于2019年在月球上覆盖第四代或4G移动通信网络，故正确答案为C。B项利用generation和mobile phones作干扰，但录音说的是fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage（第四代或4G移动通信网络），并不是指新一代手机，故B项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A It is stable.
B It is durable.
C It is inexpensive.
D It is sophisticated.
答案解析：
(1) A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high-definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. (2) This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface.
2. Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission?
解析：A。根据录音末尾部分可知，科学家选择建立4G网络而非5G网络，是由于第五代网络仍处于测试和试验阶段，这意味着5G网络可能还不够稳定，无法在月球表面工作。由此可推断出，选择建立4G网络是因为它稳定，故正确答案为A。
3、Questions 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A It lasted more than six hours.
B No injuries were yet reported.
C Nobody was in the building when it broke out.
D It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.
答案解析：
Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping center on Mission Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. (3) There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn’t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. (4) In 2014 City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.
3. What does the news item say about the fire?
解析：B。根据录音可知，火灾发生时，大楼里有一些人，但没有任何伤亡报告。故正确答案为B。D项利用45 minutes作干扰，但原文说的是消防人员在大约45分钟内控制住了火势，D项与原文意思不相符，故错误。
4、Questions 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A Recruit and train more firefighters.
B Pull down the deserted shopping mall.
C Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.
D Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.
答案解析：
Firefighters responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping center on Mission Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. (3) There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn’t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. (4) In 2014 City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.
4. What had City Hall planned to do?
解析：B。根据原文可知，2014年，市政厅制定了拆除该建筑，改建成经济适用房的计划，故正确答案为B。
5、Questions 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A Shrinking potato farming.
B Heavy reliance on import.
C Widespread plant disease.
D Insufficient potato supply.
答案解析：
(5) Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods in its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.
“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. (6) Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.
(7) But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.
5. What problem is Japan facing?
解析：D。录音开头说到，在日本，薯片的售价是其正常价格的6倍。这发生在该国主要制造商因土豆短缺而停止销售之后。由此可知，日本的土豆供应不足，D项中的Insufficient对应原文中的shortage，故正确答案为D。
6、Questions 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A It intends to keep its traditional diet.
B It wants to expand its own farming.
C It is afraid of the spread of disease.
D It is worried about unfair competition.
答案解析：
(5) Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods in its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.
“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. (6) Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.
(7) But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.
6. Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?
解析：C。根据录音可知，日本法律限制了可用于本国产品生产中的进口土豆量。日本表示，害怕疾病传播是限制生鲜进口的主要原因。故正确答案为C。
7、Questions 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A Global warming.
B Ever-rising prices.
C Government regulation.
D Diminishing investment.
答案解析：
(5) Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods in its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest in more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.
“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. (6) Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese-made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.
(7) But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.
7. What might affect Japanese domestic produce?
解析：A。根据录音可知，全球变暖增加了国内农产品更频繁地受到罕见天气严重影响的可能性。故正确答案为A。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
8、Questions 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A Informative.
B Inspiring.
C Dull.
D Shallow.
答案解析：
M: (8) Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.
W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker, but the subject is interesting.
M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try. But after about 10 minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?
W: (9) Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.
M: What do you mean?
W: (9) It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on the keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.
M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?
W: Sometimes, but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful, but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.
M: You draw in class and that helps you pay attention?
W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. (10) It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. (11) If I’m at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.
8. What does the man think of Mr. Brown’s lectures?
解析：C。根据录音开头可知，男士说布朗先生的讲座太无聊了。C项中的Dull是原文boring的同义词，故正确答案为C。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A She types on a keyboard.
B She does recording.
C She takes photos.
D She takes notes.
答案解析：
M: (8) Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.
W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker, but the subject is interesting.
M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try. But after about 10 minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?
W: (9) Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.
M: What do you mean?
W: (9) It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on the keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.
M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?
W: Sometimes, but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful, but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.
M: You draw in class and that helps you pay attention?
W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. (10) It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. (11) If I’m at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.
9. What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?
解析：D。根据录音可知，女士说她在讲座保持注意力的方法是一直动笔写，随后又说到集中注意力最有效的方法之一就是把东西写下来。但这需要动手完成，而不是在键盘上打字。故正确答案为D。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A It keeps her mind active.
B It makes her stay awake.
C It enables her to think hard.
D It helps her kill time.
答案解析：
M: (8) Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.
W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker, but the subject is interesting.
M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try. But after about 10 minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?
W: (9) Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.
M: What do you mean?
W: (9) It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on the keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.
M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?
W: Sometimes, but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful, but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.
M: You draw in class and that helps you pay attention?
W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. (10) It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. (11) If I’m at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.
10. Why does the woman draw in class?
解析：A。对话中男士问女士，在课堂上画画是否能帮助她集中注意力。女士对此表示了肯定，并指出这样做可以让她保持思维活跃，防止无聊，帮助集中注意力。故正确答案为A。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A It enables her to improve her pronunciation.
B It helps her better remember what she learns.
C It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.
D It proves to be far more effective than writing.
答案解析：
M: (8) Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.
W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker, but the subject is interesting.
M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen. I really try. But after about 10 minutes, my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?
W: (9) Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.
M: What do you mean?
W: (9) It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on the keyboard. You see, writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.
M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?
W: Sometimes, but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful, but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brown says, I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.
M: You draw in class and that helps you pay attention?
W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. (10) It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. (11) If I’m at home and I need to study, what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.
解析：B。女士在对话的最后说到，如果她在家学习的话，会选择大声朗读。大声朗读的效果类似于书写，能够以物理的方式帮助记忆信息。故正确答案为B。D 项利用effective 和writing 作干扰，但原文说的是大声朗读和书写的效果类似，并没有说明大声朗读比书写更有效，故D 项错误。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A To spend her honeymoon.
B To try authentic Indian food.
C To take photos of the Taj Mahal.
D To trace the origin of a love story.
答案解析：
M: And where is this?
W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. (12) We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.
M: Was it romantic?
W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. (13) I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.
M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.
W: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. (14) It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.
M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.
W: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day.
M: Was the rest of India crowded?
W: (15) Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people are friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.
M: What about the food?
W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.
12. For what purpose did the woman go to India?
解析：A。根据录音开头，女士说这些照片是在印度泰姬陵拍的。他们大约十年前去了那里度蜜月。故正确答案为A。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A In memory of a princess.
B In honor of a great emperor.
C To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.
D To celebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.
答案解析：
M: And where is this?
W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. (12) We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.
M: Was it romantic?
W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. (13) I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.
M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.
W: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. (14) It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.
M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.
W: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day.
M: Was the rest of India crowded?
W: (15) Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people are friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.
M: What about the food?
W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.
13. Why was the Taj Mahal built?
解析：A。根据录音，女士说泰姬陵是一个非常浪漫的地方，在17世纪，王妃在生第14个孩子的时候去世了。皇帝非常爱王妃，当她去世的时候，皇帝非常伤心，所以他下令建造这座宫殿来纪念她。故正确答案为A。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A It looks older than expected.
B It is built of wood and bricks.
C It stores lots of priceless antiques.
D It has walls decorated with jewels.
答案解析：
M: And where is this?
W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. (12) We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.
M: Was it romantic?
W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. (13) I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.
M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.
W: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. (14) It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.
M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.
W: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day.
M: Was the rest of India crowded?
W: (15) Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people are friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.
M: What about the food?
W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.
14. What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?
解析：D。根据录音，女士说，泰姬陵都是用一种白色的石头建造的，有些墙壁上还装饰着宝石。故正确答案为D。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A Their streets are narrow.
B Each one has a unique character.
C They are mostly crowded.
D Life can be tedious in some places.
答案解析：
M: And where is this?
W: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. (12) We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.
M: Was it romantic?
W: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. (13) I think it was during the 1600s and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.
M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.
W: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens and a wall around it all. (14) It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.
M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.
W: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination, so there are thousands of visitors every day.
M: Was the rest of India crowded?
W: (15) Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people are friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.
M: What about the food?
W: Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.
15. What is the woman’s impression of Indian cities?
解析：C。录音中女士说到，印度很多城市都很拥挤，人很多，车也很多，交通非常糟糕。故正确答案为C。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A They help spread the latest technology.
B They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.
C They provide residents with the resources needed.
D They allow free access to digital books and videos.
答案解析：
A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016, finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. (16) For instance around three-quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66 percent say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community, although notably, just 33 percent say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family.
A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages. (17) And roughly half think their libraries contribute “a lot” to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies.
As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use, the April 2016 survey also measured Americans’ usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53 percent of Americans aged 16 and older have had some interaction with a public library in the past year—either through an in-person visit, or using a library website. (18) Some 48 percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44 percent who said that in late 2015.
16. What do most Americans say about local public libraries?
解析：C。根据录音可知，大约四分之三的人说公共图书馆为他们提供了所需的资源。故正确答案为C。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A By helping them find jobs.
B By keeping them off the streets.
C By inspiring their creativity.
D By providing a place of relaxation.
答案解析：
A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016, finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. (16) For instance around three-quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66 percent say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community, although notably, just 33 percent say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family.
A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages. (17) And roughly half think their libraries contribute “a lot” to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies.
As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use, the April 2016 survey also measured Americans’ usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53 percent of Americans aged 16 and older have had some interaction with a public library in the past year—either through an in-person visit, or using a library website. (18) Some 48 percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44 percent who said that in late 2015.
17. How can local public libraries benefit young people?
解析：C。录音提到，大约一半的人认为他们的图书馆为他们的社区贡献了“很多”，它有助于激发年轻人的创造力，并为人们提供一个值得信赖的学习新技术的地方。故正确答案为C。D项利用a place of relaxation作干扰，但原文中说的是多数美国人认为图书馆为人们提供了一个安全的地方，可以让他们出去闲逛或消磨时间，并非特指年轻人，故D项错误。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.
B They used libraries less often than teenagers.
C They tended to visit libraries regularly.
D Their number increased modestly.
答案解析：
A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1,000 Americans conducted in April, 2016, finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. (16) For instance around three-quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need. And 66 percent say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community, although notably, just 33 percent say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family.
A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages. (17) And roughly half think their libraries contribute “a lot” to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies.
As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use, the April 2016 survey also measured Americans’ usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53 percent of Americans aged 16 and older have had some interaction with a public library in the past year—either through an in-person visit, or using a library website. (18) Some 48 percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months, a modest increase from the 44 percent who said that in late 2015.
18. What does the 2016 survey show about adult library users?
解析：D。录音最后说到，在过去的一年里，约48%的成年人专门去了图书馆，这一比例略高于2015年末的44%。故正确答案为D。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A It is the cleverest cat in the world.
B It is an unusual cross breed.
C It is the largest cat in Africa.
D It is a large-sized wild cat.
答案解析：
A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. (19) The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed.
The Savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to 9.1 kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. (20) They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. (21) Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.
19. What do we learn about the Savannah cat?
解析：B。录音开头说到，萨凡纳猫是家猫和中等体型非洲野猫的杂交品种，这种不同寻常的杂交品种在上世纪90年代末开始受到饲养者的欢迎。故正确答案为B。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A They are as loyal as dogs.
B They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.
C They have unusually long tails.
D They know how to please their owners.
答案解析：
A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. (19) The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed.
The Savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to 9.1 kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. (20) They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. (21) Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.
20. What is characteristic of Savannah cats?
解析：A。根据原文可知，在忠诚方面，萨凡纳猫可以和狗媲美，它们可以被训练牵着走和取东西，故正确答案为A。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard
A They shake their front paws.
B They shower with them.
C They teach them to dive.
D They shout at them.
答案解析：
A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. (19) The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed.
The Savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to 9.1 kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. (20) They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. (21) Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws.
21. What do some people do with their Savannah cats?
解析：B。录音说到萨凡纳猫会玩水，一些主人甚至和他们的萨凡纳猫一起洗澡。故正确答案为B。C项利用dive作干扰，但原文中提到萨凡纳猫本来就会潜水，不需要人类去教，故C项错误。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Contented and relieved.
B Anxious and depressed.
C Proud but a bit nervous.
D Excited but somewhat sad.
答案解析：
(22) When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children, playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.
(23) But of course, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. (24) Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.
(25) Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child’s home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.
22. How do parents feel when their children start going to school?
解析：D。录音在开头说到，当孩子们第一次开始上学的时候，父母常常会感到兴奋，同时还会有些悲伤。故正确答案为D。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A It starts the moment they are born.
B It depends on their parents for success.
C It is gaining increasing public attention.
D It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.
答案解析：
(22) When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children, playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.
(23) But of course, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. (24) Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.
(25) Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child’s home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.
23. What does the passage say about children’s education?
解析：A。根据录音可知，事实上，教育是从孩子出生时就开始的。故正确答案为A。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Choose the right school for them.
B Help them to learn by themselves.
C Read books and magazines to them.
D Set a good example for them to follow.
答案解析：
(22) When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children, playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.
(23) But of course, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. (24) Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.
(25) Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child’s home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.
24. What should parents do for the success of their children’s education?
解析：D。根据录音可知，孩子会自然而然地模仿父母，所以重要的是要让孩子看到父母在阅读并享受于阅读书籍、报纸和杂志，而不仅仅是盯着电子屏幕。由此可推断，父母应该在孩子面前树立良好的榜样，故正确答案为D。C项干扰性较大，但原文说的是，孩子会模仿父母，在孩子面前父母应该享受阅读，而不是给孩子们读书听，故C项错误。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Their intelligence.
B Their home life.
C The quality of their school.
D The effort they put in learning.
答案解析：
(22) When children start school for the very first time, parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children, playing and interacting with new friends, sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.
(23) But of course, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school, much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. (24) Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books, newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a third at school, a third asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.
(25) Irrespective of the quality of a school, a child’s home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.
25. What does the passage say is the key factor of children’s academic success?
解析：B。根据录音可知，不管学校的教学质量如何，孩子的家庭生活是至关重要的。这是他们取得学术成就的决定性因素。故正确答案为B。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious (26)_____ occurring in the developing world.
The figures include a number of costs (27)_____ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes (28)_____ like home heating and cooking, has remained (29)_____ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray (30)_____ it as an “urgent call to action”. “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little (31)_____,” he said.
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income (32)_____ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places where they (33)_____ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited (34)_____ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel (柴油) (35)_____ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
26、 (1)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
27、 (2)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
28、 (3)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
29、 (4)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
30、 (5)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
31、 (6)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
32、 (7)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
33、 (8)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
34、 (9)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
35、 (10)
A innovated
B equals
C exclusively
D described
E relates
F control
G vehicles
H consciously
I ability
J associated
K constant
L regularly
M damage
N sources
O undermine
答案解析：
名词：
ability 能力；才能； constant 常量，恒量；control 控制；管理； damage 损害；伤害；equals 相等物；sources 来源；起源；vehicles 交通工具；车辆
动词
associated (-ed) 联系；control 控制；抑制；damage 毁坏；损坏；described (-ed) 描述；形容；equals (-s) 等于；innovated (-ed) 改革；创新；relates (-s) 联系；叙述；undermine 逐渐削弱
形容词
associated 联合的；有关联的；constant 不断的；始终如一的
副词
consciously 有意识地；exclusively 唯一地；专门地；regularly 有规律地；定期地
26. damage
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词serious（严重的），本空应填入名词。本段描述了空气污染的严重性，空格所在句提到空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中对发展中国家的______最为严重。前半句说的是空气污染造成的经济损失，后半句提到“______最为严重”肯定也是损失之一，故本空应填入damage，和前半句的cost相呼应。
27. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为完整的句子，由此可知空格处和后面的with air pollution作costs的后置定语，本空应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前半部分说这些数字包括了一些费用，后半部分提到空气污染，由此可推断，这些费用是和空气污染相关的，故本空应填入associated。
28. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为动词includes，空格处应填入名词作includes的宾语。空格所在句的主语为Indoor pollution（室内污染），中间的插入语是主语的定语，对室内污染做进一步解释说明，空格后面的like表示举例，其后的home heating and cooking（家庭取暖和烹饪）都属于室内污染的主要来源，故本空应填入sources。
29. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词remained，空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据空格处句意，尽管该领域取得了一些进步，但在过去几十年里室内污染一直保持 。根据备选项可知，这里是在说室内污染一直保持不变，应填入constant。associated填入空中无法构成合理语意，故排除。
30. described
解析：动词辨析题。空格前面为名词，是句子的主语，空格后的it为句子的宾语，本空应填入谓语动词。再根据本段末尾的he said可知，谓语动词应为一般过去时。空格所在句大意为：卫生计量与评估研究所所长克里斯·默里 这是“对行动的紧急呼吁”。由此可推断，空格处应填入一个和“表述”相关的动词，故本空应填入described。
31. control
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词little，空格处应填入不可数名词。根据本空所在句意，导致过早死亡的危险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有 。通过备选项可推断出，此处应填入control（控制力），表示人对呼吸的空气无法控制。
32. equals
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为名词income，本空应填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式。根据语意，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在某些地区，劳动力收入损失几乎 GDP的1%左右。根据备选项equals和relates可推断出，本空应填入equals，表示劳动力收入的损失几乎相当于GDP的1%左右。relates代入空中不能构成合理语意，故排除。
33. regularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，且空格后为谓语动词experience，因此本空应填入副词，修饰experience。根据语意，在低收入和中等收入国家中，每10人中就有大约9人生活在 遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。regularly代入原文，符合句意，故本题选regularly。
34. exclusively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句的句子结构完整，空格前为谓语动词is not limited，因此本空应填入副词，修饰谓语。根据语意，但是这个问题并不 局限于发展中国家。后面又列举了美国和欧洲的例子，由此可知，空气污染的问题不仅会影响到发展中国家，也会影响发达国家，故本空应填入exclusively。
35. vehicles
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为名词diesel（柴油），空格后为系动词have become，因此本空应填入名词的复数形式，和前面的diesel一起构成句子的主语。根据语意，在许多欧洲国家，柴油 近年来变得越来越普遍，这一数字达到了数万辆。在备选项中能和diesel搭配的只有vehicles，表示“柴油车”，故本题选vehicles。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress
36、More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. 美国人吃的食物有一半以上是工厂生产的。
