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编辑人: 独留清风醉

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2020年7月第1套英语四级真题

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A Ship traffic in the Atlantic.

B Warm currents in the ocean.

C Particles emitted by power plants.

D Exhaust from cars in Europe.

答案解析:

News Report One

听力原文

    A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships. (1) [One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of the North Atlantic, cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below.] When ships power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amount of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place as from the exhaust of a ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space. These clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometers from end to end, NASA officials said. (2) [It’s likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials.] But scientists aren’t yet sure what effect it has.

1. What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by a NASA satellite?

解析:A。根据录音开头可知,美国宇航局卫星拍摄的照片中显示了北大西洋上空的云层被一些较厚的线状云分隔开,随后美国宇航局官员解释说,这些较厚的云层是下方海面船舶往来的标志,也就是说厚云层的出现与下方海面的航运是直接相关的。A项中的ship traffic和Atlantic均为原词复现,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:录音后面提到了ocean(海洋)和particles(颗粒),但说的是当船舶驶过海洋时,它们会像汽车一样将废气排入大气,大量的废气颗粒会形成云层。录音中并没有提到warm currents和power plants,故B、C两项排除。录音中说,船舶会像汽车一样排放废气,废气中的颗粒达到一定程度会产生云层,D项利用cars和exhaust进行细节拼凑,但缺失关键信息ships,故D项错误。

2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A They need to be taken seriously.

B They have a huge effect on fishery.

C They may be affecting the world’s climate.

D They might be causing trouble to air flights.

答案解析:

News Report One

听力原文

    A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships. (1) [One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of the North Atlantic, cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars. NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below.] When ships power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do. And those massive amount of particles can cause clouds to form. Get enough of those particles in one place as from the exhaust of a ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space. These clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometers from end to end, NASA officials said. (2) [It’s likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials.] But scientists aren’t yet sure what effect it has.

2. What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?

解析:C。根据选项关键词effect、affecting、causing等,推测题目可能涉及某事物的影响。根据录音最后一句可知,美国宇航局官员说这些云层很可能正对全球气候产生某些影响,但是科学家们还不确定具体有怎样的影响。C项内容是对此内容的同义替换,be affecting对应录音中的having some effect,world’s climate对应录音中的global climate,故正确答案为C。

错项排除:A项中的taken seriously和D项中的air flights在录音中均未提及,故排除。B项利用录音中的having some effect作干扰,原文虽然提到ships,但并没有提及fishery(渔业),B项属于过度推断,故错误。

3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A To appeal for higher wages.

B To demand better health care.

C To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.

D To call for a permanent security guard.

答案解析:

News Report Two

听力原文

    Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. 

    (3) [More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents], including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife.

    A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7 p.m. until 12 a.m., but that stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said.

    One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. (4) [However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents.] “We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases we have seen bad behavior, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store.”

3. For what purpose did the staff at a supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?

解析:D。四个选项均是以不定式动词短语开头,推测问题可能会问某事的目的、意图等。根据录音开头可知,该商店的50多名员工签署了一封公开信,要求雇佣一名固定的安保人员。D项中的call for a permanent security guard为原词复现,故正确答案为D。

错项排除:A项中的high wages和B项中的health care在录音中均未提及,故排除。录音中提到了supervisor(主管)一词,但录音中说的是一名顾客威胁要用刀袭击主管的事件,并没有说到主管脾气不好或要将其解雇,故C项错误。

4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A It had already taken strong action.

B It would put customers’ needs first.

C It was seeking help from the police.

D It would take their appeal seriously.

答案解析:

News Report Two

听力原文

    Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. 

    (3) [More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents], including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife.

    A security worker had guarded the store each night from 7 p.m. until 12 a.m., but that stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said.

    One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work. (4) [However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents.] “We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases we have seen bad behavior, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store.”

4. What did the spokesman of the supermarket say regarding the employees’ demand?

解析:A。根据录音结尾部分可知,该超市的发言人表示,超市已经采取了强有力的措施来应对这些事件。A项中的had...taken strong action为原词复现,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:录音结尾部分提到了两次customer,但都和customers’ needs(顾客的需求)无关,故B项错误。录音讲的是超市是否应该配备保安的问题,虽然与安保有关,但并没有提及police,故C项排除。录音结尾处,超市发言人表示他们已经采取了强有力的措施,暗示超市并不打算按照员工的诉求来继续行动,故D项与录音内容相悖,应排除。

5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A The road was blocked.

B The road was flooded.

C The road was frozen with snow.

D The road was covered with spilled gas.

答案解析:

News Report Three

听力原文

    (5) [Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway.] 

    (6) [A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lanes.] The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly-hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road. While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road.

    (7) [A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow.] After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the clean-up spanned more than a mile because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the clean-up were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?

5. What do drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?

解析:A。四个选项都是以The road was开头,推测题目可能与道路情况的信息相关。根据录音开头可知,周三早上,司机们在前往波兰首都华沙的途中发现,道路被某种不寻常的障碍物堵住了——成吨的巧克力浆洒到了高速公路上。A项与此内容相符,其中road和blocked为原词复现,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:录音中并没有说到公路被水淹,故B项排除。C项利用录音中间部分出现的snow作干扰,但录音中只是说清除道路上的巧克力比除雪还要麻烦,而不是说路被雪冻住了,故排除C项。D项利用录音中的spilled和covered作干扰,录音中两次出现spilled一词,但说的都是巧克力浆洒在了公路上,并覆盖了(covered)路面,而不是gas(汽油)覆盖了路面,故D项错误。

6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A A truck hit a barrier and overturned.

B The truck driver dozed off while driving.

C The heavy snow made driving very difficult.

D A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.

答案解析:

News Report Three

听力原文

    (5) [Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway.] 

    (6) [A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lanes.] The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly-hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road. While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road.

    (7) [A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow.] After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the clean-up spanned more than a mile because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the clean-up were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?

6. What does the report say about the accident?

解析:A。根据录音开头可知,一辆装有巧克力的卡车在撞上隔离带之后翻了车,阻塞了双向车道。A项内容均为原词复现,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:B项利用truck driver作干扰,但录音并没有提到卡车司机在驾驶时睡着了,故排除B项。C项利用snow作干扰,录音中间部分提到worse than dealing with snow,但原文的意思是说清除巧克力比除雪还要麻烦,并没有说大雪使行驶变得非常困难,录音中也没有提到正在下雪,故C项错误。D项干扰性较强,录音中说的是卡车里的巧克力浆流了满满一地,并非是一辆卡车陷入了一片巧克力浆里,故D项错误。

7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.

B It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.

C It was a long time before the clean-up was finished.

D It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.

答案解析:

News Report Three

听力原文

    (5) [Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle: tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway.] 

    (6) [A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lanes.] The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly-hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road. While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road.

    (7) [A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow.] After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance. The local TV also noted that the clean-up spanned more than a mile because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail. But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the clean-up were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead. After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?

7. What did the firefighters’ representative tell the local TV?

解析:B。根据选项中的fortunate、hard task、long time、difficult等词,推测题目可能和某一事件的具体情况相关。根据录音中间部分可知,消防队员代表告诉当地的电视台,清除巧克力比除雪还要麻烦。B项与此内容相符,其中a hard task对应录音中的worse,remove为原词复现,spilled substance指的是录音之前提到的chocolate,即洒在路面上的巧克力,故正确答案为B。

错项排除:录音中间虽然提到驾驶员因手臂骨折被送往医院,但并没有提到有关passenger(乘客)的任何信息,故A项排除。C项利用long和clean-up作干扰,但录音末尾部分说的是,参与清理工作的消防队员和警察对眼前这项漫长的工作感到愉快,也就是说清理工作并未结束,与C项矛盾,而且C项说清理工作花了很长时间,暗示清理工作已经是完成的状态,而且这一信息是当地电视台而非消防员代表透露的,故C项错误。D项利用manufacturer进行干扰,但录音中说的是已经与生产商取得了联系,并没有说联系生产商很困难,difficult to contact在录音中没有依据,故D项错误。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A She found it much safer to use cash.

B She could enjoy discounts with cash.

C She wanted to save for a new phone.

D She had been cheated using phone apps.

答案解析:

Conversation One

听力原文

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

W: (8) [Well, I’ve gone back to cash.] I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. (8) [I am trying to save money for a new phone], and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

M: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.

W: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. (9) [I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just have the “approve” buttons on our phones.]

M: You might have a point. Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, (10) [I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.]

W: That’s highly possible. Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

W: I believe so. If we spend a hundred yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred yuan to spend on something else. But if we’re spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

M: (11) [I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.] Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

W: It’s worth considering.

8. Why did the woman decide to go back to cash for payment?

解析:C。四个选项均以She开头,推测题目可能会问和女士相关的事情。录音开头部分女士说到自己改回用现金支付了,呼应题干,随后又指出她正在为买一台新手机而攒钱。C项中的save for a new phone为原词复现,故正确答案为C。

错项排除:A项利用safer(更安全)作干扰,录音中出现了读音相似的save(节省),但女士说的是用现金比用手机支付更能帮助她省钱,和安全与否没有关系,故A项错误。录音中并没有提到discounts(折扣)和cheated(欺骗)的相关信息,故B、D两项可排除。

9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A They derive greater pleasure from buying things.

B They are less aware of the value of their money.

C They find it less difficult to make purchases.

D They can save a lot more time and trouble.

答案解析:

Conversation One

听力原文

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

W: (8) [Well, I’ve gone back to cash.] I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. (8) [I am trying to save money for a new phone], and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

M: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.

W: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. (9) [I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just have the “approve” buttons on our phones.]

M: You might have a point. Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, (10) [I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.]

W: That’s highly possible. Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

W: I believe so. If we spend a hundred yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred yuan to spend on something else. But if we’re spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

M: (11) [I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.] Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

W: It’s worth considering.

9. What happens when people use apps for payment according to the woman?

解析:B。根据选项中的buying、money、purchase等词,推测题目可能涉及花钱的信息。录音中间部分女士说到,她认为当人们只要点一下手机上的“确认支付”按钮就能付款时,人们对金钱价值的感知就会变弱。B项中的the value of...money为原词复现,are less aware of对应录音中的have less connection,故正确答案为B。

错项排除:A项中的greater pleasure和C项中的less difficult在录音中均未提到,故排除A、C两项。D项利用time作干扰,录音中间部分女士提到了time,但她说的是“想想我们玩手机所花费的时间”,并没有说移动支付可以帮助省去很多时间和麻烦,故D项错误。

10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A More valuable items.

B Electronic devices.

C Everyday necessities.

D More non-essential things.

答案解析:

Conversation One

听力原文

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

W: (8) [Well, I’ve gone back to cash.] I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. (8) [I am trying to save money for a new phone], and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

M: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.

W: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. (9) [I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just have the “approve” buttons on our phones.]

M: You might have a point. Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, (10) [I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.]

W: That’s highly possible. Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

W: I believe so. If we spend a hundred yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred yuan to spend on something else. But if we’re spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

M: (11) [I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.] Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

W: It’s worth considering.

10. What might the man tend to buy with payment apps?

解析:D。录音中间部分男士说到,自从他不再携带现金并开始用手机付钱后,他似乎就养成了一种习惯,会买更多小商品或者没什么必要的东西。D项的More non-essential things是对录音中more small or non-essential items的同义替换,故正确答案为D。

错项排除:A项利用valuable作干扰,录音中间部分女士提到了value一词,但她指的是人们对金钱价值的认知,不是指更值钱的商品,而男士也没有提到任何与valuable items相关的信息,故排除A项。B项利用Electronic作干扰,录音后半部分提到了electronically,但此处女士说的是,如果我们通过电子支付花钱,我们一般不会在心里算账,与B项的“电子产品”没有关系,故B项错误。录音中的small or non-essential items指的是小商品或非必需品,C项中的necessities(必需品)与其意思相反,故C项错误。

11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A It may lead to excessive spending.

B It is altering the way of shopping.

C It can improve shopping efficiency.

D It appeals more to younger people.

答案解析:

Conversation One

听力原文

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

W: (8) [Well, I’ve gone back to cash.] I’m only using payment apps if that’s the only option. (8) [I am trying to save money for a new phone], and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

M: But how? Money is money, isn’t it? I don’t think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet, or simply transfer from your bank account to the sellers’ bank account using an app.

W: No, I believe it does matter. It’s a psychological phenomenon. (9) [I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just have the “approve” buttons on our phones.]

M: You might have a point. Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, (10) [I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.]

W: That’s highly possible. Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones. It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

W: I believe so. If we spend a hundred yuan in cash, we realize that we don’t have that hundred yuan to spend on something else. But if we’re spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

M: (11) [I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.] Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

W: It’s worth considering.

11. What does the man think of electronic payment?

解析:A。根据选项中的lead to、altering、improve、shopping等词,推测题目可能与某事对购物的影响有关。录音末尾处男士说到:“之前我因为发现自己花钱太快,就不再用信用卡支付了。”由此可知,男士认为自己之前花钱太快,也就是消费过度。A项中的excessive spending是对录音中spending excessively的同义替换,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:B项利用way of shopping作干扰,因为录音结尾出现了与之相似的approach of paying,但录音说的是男士要重新看待手机支付,而不是在强调电子支付改变了人们的购物方式,故B项错误。C、D两项中的shopping efficiency和younger people在录音中均未提及,故排除。

12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A He wanted the furniture store to give him a refund.

B He had a problem with the furniture delivered.

C He had to change the furniture delivery time.

D He wanted to order some wooden furniture.

答案解析:

Conversation Two

听力原文

W: Hello, Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. (12) [My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table.] Is that right?

M: No, no, the table is fine. (12) [The problem is the chairs.]

W: Oh, the chairs. So, what exactly is the issue?

M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must have been some confusion with our order.

W: Oh, I see. I’m looking through my files now, and I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct?

M: Yes.

W: (13) [Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?]

M: Sure. These have a flat back with a rounded top, and are very heavy. They’re light brown and look kind of cheap. The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.

W: Right, of course. It says here you purchased the Arlington table and four Milano chairs. As you said, there must have been some confusion with the order. I’m terribly sorry. (14) [We will send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased.] Will tomorrow 9 a.m. be okay, Mr. Brown?

M: Yes, that would be great. Thank you.

W: Good. Did everything else you ordered from us arrive okay?

M: Yes, I think so. Let me check. The mirror and two paintings are here. The two coffee tables are also here, and the sofa. Yes, we haven’t noticed anything else wrong or missing. But if we do, we will certainly let you know.

W: Okay, great. (15) [Once again, I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.]

12. Why did the man call the woman?

解析:B。四个选项均以He开头,并且都出现了furniture一词,推测题目可能会问与男士及其家具相关的信息。录音开头女士说自己在等男士来电,由此可知是男士先给女士打的电话。女士问男士他订购的桌子有没有问题,男士回答说桌子没有问题,有问题的是椅子,由此可知男士对送到他家的椅子存在疑问,所以打电话给女士询问,故B项为正确答案。

错项排除:录音中没有提及refund,故A项排除。根据录音可知,男士订购的家具已经送到了他家,不存在修改配送时间或订购家具的情况,故C、D两项排除。

13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A Send the furniture back to the store.

B Buy another brand of furniture.

C Collect the furniture he ordered.

D Describe the furniture he received.

答案解析:

Conversation Two

听力原文

W: Hello, Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. (12) [My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table.] Is that right?

M: No, no, the table is fine. (12) [The problem is the chairs.]

W: Oh, the chairs. So, what exactly is the issue?

M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must have been some confusion with our order.

W: Oh, I see. I’m looking through my files now, and I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct?

M: Yes.

W: (13) [Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?]

M: Sure. These have a flat back with a rounded top, and are very heavy. They’re light brown and look kind of cheap. The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.

W: Right, of course. It says here you purchased the Arlington table and four Milano chairs. As you said, there must have been some confusion with the order. I’m terribly sorry. (14) [We will send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased.] Will tomorrow 9 a.m. be okay, Mr. Brown?

M: Yes, that would be great. Thank you.

W: Good. Did everything else you ordered from us arrive okay?

M: Yes, I think so. Let me check. The mirror and two paintings are here. The two coffee tables are also here, and the sofa. Yes, we haven’t noticed anything else wrong or missing. But if we do, we will certainly let you know.

W: Okay, great. (15) [Once again, I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.]

13. What did the woman ask the man to do?

解析:D。录音中间,女士问男士可不可以描述一下他所收到的椅子,D项中的Describe在录音中复现,furniture对应录音中的chairs,故D项为正确答案。

错项排除:录音后半部分女士说会派一辆货车把送错的椅子取回,并不是说让男士自己把家具送回商店,也不是让男士自行取回他所订购的家具,故A、C项错误。录音中,女士提到男士买了一张阿灵顿木桌和四把米兰椅,由于订单弄混导致椅子种类配送错误,女士承诺会为男士重新配送他买的米兰椅,并非是要男士购买另一品牌的家具,B项的another brand属于对录音内容理解错误,故排除。

14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A Improve their service.

B Apologize to his wife.

C Correct their mistake. 

D Give the money back.

答案解析:

Conversation Two

听力原文

W: Hello, Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. (12) [My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table.] Is that right?

M: No, no, the table is fine. (12) [The problem is the chairs.]

W: Oh, the chairs. So, what exactly is the issue?

M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must have been some confusion with our order.

W: Oh, I see. I’m looking through my files now, and I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct?

M: Yes.

W: (13) [Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?]

M: Sure. These have a flat back with a rounded top, and are very heavy. They’re light brown and look kind of cheap. The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.

W: Right, of course. It says here you purchased the Arlington table and four Milano chairs. As you said, there must have been some confusion with the order. I’m terribly sorry. (14) [We will send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased.] Will tomorrow 9 a.m. be okay, Mr. Brown?

M: Yes, that would be great. Thank you.

W: Good. Did everything else you ordered from us arrive okay?

M: Yes, I think so. Let me check. The mirror and two paintings are here. The two coffee tables are also here, and the sofa. Yes, we haven’t noticed anything else wrong or missing. But if we do, we will certainly let you know.

W: Okay, great. (15) [Once again, I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.]

14. What did the woman promise to do for the man?

解析:C。四个选项均为动词原形词组,根据Improve、Apologize、Correct等词,推测题目可能问男女某一方要做什么事情来弥补或改善某些不好的事。录音后半部分女士表示,会派一辆货车收回送错的椅子,并且将男士原本订购的米兰椅送达。这些做法都是在弥补家具店送错货的失误,因此C项正确。

错项排除:女士所做的是弥补错误,没有提及要改善服务,故A项错误。B、D两项分别用wife(妻子)和back(靠背)作干扰,但男士只是在开头提到他和妻子曾在家具店选购家具,B项在录音中无依据。女士说的是将男士订购的椅子送到男士家里,没有提及“退款”,故D项错误。B、D两项都存在意思上的曲解,故均可排除。

15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A She recommended a new style.

B She offered some gift to the man.

C She checked all the items with the man.

D She apologized to the man once more.

答案解析:

Conversation Two

听力原文

W: Hello, Mr. Brown. I was expecting your call. (12) [My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table.] Is that right?

M: No, no, the table is fine. (12) [The problem is the chairs.]

W: Oh, the chairs. So, what exactly is the issue?

M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week. There must have been some confusion with our order.

W: Oh, I see. I’m looking through my files now, and I see that the delivery was this morning. Is that correct?

M: Yes.

W: (13) [Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr. Brown?]

M: Sure. These have a flat back with a rounded top, and are very heavy. They’re light brown and look kind of cheap. The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.

W: Right, of course. It says here you purchased the Arlington table and four Milano chairs. As you said, there must have been some confusion with the order. I’m terribly sorry. (14) [We will send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased.] Will tomorrow 9 a.m. be okay, Mr. Brown?

M: Yes, that would be great. Thank you.

W: Good. Did everything else you ordered from us arrive okay?

M: Yes, I think so. Let me check. The mirror and two paintings are here. The two coffee tables are also here, and the sofa. Yes, we haven’t noticed anything else wrong or missing. But if we do, we will certainly let you know.

W: Okay, great. (15) [Once again, I’m sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.]

15. What did the woman do at the end of the conversation?

解析:D。选项均以She开头,后面跟了四个不同的动宾短语,推测题目可能涉及女士做的某些事情。录音结尾女士说,再一次为弄混订单和给男士造成的麻烦表示抱歉,D项中的once more对应录音中的Once again,apologized对应录音中的I’m sorry for,故选D。

错项排除:录音中没有提到new style、some gift,故A、B两项排除。女士在录音中只是让男士检查送到的家具,并没有与男士一起检查所有商品,故C项排除。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Tidying up one’s home.

B Reading books of wisdom.

C Donating to charity.

D Sharing with others.

答案解析:

Passage One

听力原文

    Do you have too much stuff? Are you, dare we say it, untidy? (16) [Say hello to a TV show called “Tidying up with Marie Kondo”, a home improvement show based on her widely popular book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up.] 

    In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting their houses to share the wisdom of the “KonMarie” method. This method is simple in theory, but can be endlessly complex in practice. (17) [You divide all the stuff in your house—all of it—into several categories, and then examine each item—all of them—to see if it sparks joy. If it does, you keep it.] If it doesn’t, you thank it and neatly discard it. So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up? First-hand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used-good stores.

    One store receive thousands of bags of used possessions in one day. January is usually the store’s slow season for donations because it’s cold and people don’t want to bother. But not this January. People seem determined to clean up their homes. (18) [One used-book store received a month’s worth of books and donations in a week, when a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home.] It seems Marie’s TV show is having a big impact after all.

16. What is Marie Kondo’s TV show about?

解析:A。根据录音开头的“Tidying Up with Marie Kondo”和home improvement show可知节目是关于整理家居(Tidying up one’s home)的,A项中的Tidying up和home为原词复现,故A项为正确答案。

错项排除:录音指出该电视节目是根据近藤麻理惠的书The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up改编的,不是说电视节目的内容是读书,故B项排除。录音后半部分虽然提到了donation,但讲的是近藤的整理术引发了更多人捐赠,并不是说捐赠是电视节目的主题,故排除C项。录音中虽然提到了share,但讲的是近藤麻理惠在节目中与人们分享整理的心得,而电视节目的主题并不是分享,故D项错误。

17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Things that occupy little space.

B Things that are becoming rare.

C Things that make one happy.

D Things that cost a lot of money.

答案解析:

Passage One

听力原文

    Do you have too much stuff? Are you, dare we say it, untidy? (16) [Say hello to a TV show called “Tidying up with Marie Kondo”, a home improvement show based on her widely popular book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up.] 

    In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting their houses to share the wisdom of the “KonMarie” method. This method is simple in theory, but can be endlessly complex in practice. (17) [You divide all the stuff in your house—all of it—into several categories, and then examine each item—all of them—to see if it sparks joy. If it does, you keep it.] If it doesn’t, you thank it and neatly discard it. So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up? First-hand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used-good stores.

    One store receive thousands of bags of used possessions in one day. January is usually the store’s slow season for donations because it’s cold and people don’t want to bother. But not this January. People seem determined to clean up their homes. (18) [One used-book store received a month’s worth of books and donations in a week, when a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home.] It seems Marie’s TV show is having a big impact after all.

17. What things can be kept in one’s home according to Marie Kondo?

解析:C。录音中间说到,你需要把家里所有的物品都分成几类,然后检查每一件物品,看看它是否能给你带来快乐。如果能,就把它留下。如果不能,就带着感激之情,干脆地把它扔掉。C项Things that make one happy对应录音中的it sparks joy和If it does,故C项正确。

错项排除:其他三项的关键词little space、rare和cost a lot of money在录音中没有提及,故均可排除。

18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A It did little business because of the unusual cold weather.

B It received an incredibly large number of donated books.

C It sold as many as fifty boxes of books.

D It joined the city’s clean-up campaign.

答案解析:

Passage One

听力原文

    Do you have too much stuff? Are you, dare we say it, untidy? (16) [Say hello to a TV show called “Tidying up with Marie Kondo”, a home improvement show based on her widely popular book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up.] 

    In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting their houses to share the wisdom of the “KonMarie” method. This method is simple in theory, but can be endlessly complex in practice. (17) [You divide all the stuff in your house—all of it—into several categories, and then examine each item—all of them—to see if it sparks joy. If it does, you keep it.] If it doesn’t, you thank it and neatly discard it. So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up? First-hand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used-good stores.

    One store receive thousands of bags of used possessions in one day. January is usually the store’s slow season for donations because it’s cold and people don’t want to bother. But not this January. People seem determined to clean up their homes. (18) [One used-book store received a month’s worth of books and donations in a week, when a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home.] It seems Marie’s TV show is having a big impact after all.

18. What do we learn about one used-book store this January?

解析:B。录音结尾说到,今年一月,有一家二手书店一周内收到的书和捐赠物相当于过去一个月的总量。也就是说,这家二手书店收到了许多捐赠书。B项中的an incredibly large number of对应录音中的a month’s worth of,因此B项为正确答案。

错项排除:录音中说通常一月份是募捐的淡季,但今年不同,二手物品捐赠反而异常火热,因此A项与录音内容相悖,错误。录音中提到50 boxes of books,但说的是有一个人捐了50多箱书,而不是书店卖出了50多箱书,所以C项排除。录音最后说到近藤麻理惠的节目产生了很大影响,指的是人们受到启发,开始整理家居,将整理出的物品捐赠给二手商店,其中有一家二手书店也收到了大量捐赠的书本,但并未提及这家书店加入了整理活动,故排除D项。

19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Give free meals to the homeless.

B Provide shelter for the homeless.

C Call for change in the local government.

D Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.

答案解析:

Passage Two

听力原文

    At just 12 years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community—one lunch at a time. Mike’s “Lunches of Love” has fed more than 2,000 of the town’s most vulnerable residents. (19) [Mike delivers meals to the homeless.] “It’s like a way to give people joy. Maybe spark something in them that can change them,” Mike told WBZ-TV. The mayor of Mike’s town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news. While his father commented on how proud he was of his son, yet Mike isn’t looking for praise but kindness in return. (20) [He hopes his acts of charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns.] Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag. His message and star power has spread all over the country. To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than 44,000 dollars and counting, raising more than 17,000 dollars in just one day, with the help of many famous actors and others. (21) [People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need.] Many are hoping the simple act of kindness spreads. Mike is seen as hope for the future of the town, the country, and the world.

19. What does Mike Hannon do to help people in his town?

解析:A。录音前面部分提到,迈克给无家可归的人提供爱心午餐,A项表述与录音一致,其中the homeless为原词复现,Give free meals是对录音中delivers meals的同义替换,故A项为正确答案。

错项排除:B项的shelter在录音中没有提及,故排除。C项利用录音提到的change和mayor作干扰,但录音中说的是迈克希望可以鼓励人们改变自己,以及镇长对迈克的行为做出褒奖,并不是说迈克希望改变当地政府,C项属于细节拼凑,故错误。录音说的是迈克为贫困的人提供午餐,而不是帮他们烹饪午餐,所以D项错误。

20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Promote understanding.

B Strengthen cooperation.

C Follow his example.

D Win national support.

答案解析:

Passage Two

听力原文

    At just 12 years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community—one lunch at a time. Mike’s “Lunches of Love” has fed more than 2,000 of the town’s most vulnerable residents. (19) [Mike delivers meals to the homeless.] “It’s like a way to give people joy. Maybe spark something in them that can change them,” Mike told WBZ-TV. The mayor of Mike’s town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news. While his father commented on how proud he was of his son, yet Mike isn’t looking for praise but kindness in return. (20) [He hopes his acts of charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns.] Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag. His message and star power has spread all over the country. To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than 44,000 dollars and counting, raising more than 17,000 dollars in just one day, with the help of many famous actors and others. (21) [People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need.] Many are hoping the simple act of kindness spreads. Mike is seen as hope for the future of the town, the country, and the world.

20. What does Mike hope others will do?   

解析:C。录音中间部分说,迈克希望自己的善举能影响到其他人,使其在城镇传播积极的行为。结合前面的信息可知迈克的行为是一种善举,而他希望别人可以效仿他的做法,在各自所在的地方行善,也就是说这些行为相当于以他为榜样,故C项正确。

错项排除:录音中没有提到understanding(理解)和cooperation(合作),故A、B两项排除。录音结尾提到了全国各地的人纷纷送给他手工制作的包来帮助他,但这并不是迈克的目的,录音中间也提到迈克寻求的并不是赞美,故D项错误。

21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Spreading news of his deeds.

B Sending him hand-made bags.

C Following the example he sets.

D Writing him thank-you notes.

答案解析:

Passage Two

听力原文

    At just 12 years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community—one lunch at a time. Mike’s “Lunches of Love” has fed more than 2,000 of the town’s most vulnerable residents. (19) [Mike delivers meals to the homeless.] “It’s like a way to give people joy. Maybe spark something in them that can change them,” Mike told WBZ-TV. The mayor of Mike’s town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news. While his father commented on how proud he was of his son, yet Mike isn’t looking for praise but kindness in return. (20) [He hopes his acts of charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns.] Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag. His message and star power has spread all over the country. To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than 44,000 dollars and counting, raising more than 17,000 dollars in just one day, with the help of many famous actors and others. (21) [People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need.] Many are hoping the simple act of kindness spreads. Mike is seen as hope for the future of the town, the country, and the world.

21. How are people all over country responding to what Mike is doing?

解析:B。录音结尾说到,全国各地的人们都送来了特制的手工包,B项中的hand-made是录音中handcrafted的同义替换,而且Sending和bags为原词复现,故B项为正确答案。

错项排除:A项中的Spread在录音中出现,但说的是迈克希望别人传播积极的行为,而不是传播他的事迹,而且这也不是全国各地人们的反应,故A项错误。C项是迈克希望其他人做的事,而不是全国的人的反应,故排除。D项的thank-you notes在录音中没有提及,故错误。

22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A To install some audio equipment in a lab.

B To test their eyesight using a phone app.

C To send smartphone messages.

D To solve word search puzzles.

答案解析:

Passage Three

听力原文

    In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, (22) [two groups of college students were given word search puzzles.] The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants’ smartphones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with equipment in the experiment and would need to be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second groups solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones, and let it ring for a while before hanging up. (23) [Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.] 

    Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. (24) [Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain.]

    (25) [Technology is a great tool. However, it’s important to recognize its downsides.] Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain are only a few. If we are not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

22. What were the college students in both groups required to do in the study?

解析:D。录音开头说到,研究人员给两组大学生提供了单词搜索迷宫游戏(word search puzzles),要求他们完成谜题,因此D项正确。

错项排除:A项中的equipment在录音中出现过,但录音说的是研究人员告知第二组学生手机会影响实验设备,而不是让大学生去安装音频设备,故A项错误。B项的eyesight是利用录音中的line of sight设置干扰,但录音中说的是第一组学生的手机要放在他们的视线范围内,并不是说用手机应用测视力,故B项排除。C项的send...messages在录音中没有提到,故排除。

23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A They could no longer concentrate on their task.

B They could not go on until the ringing stopped.

C They grabbed the phone and called back right away.

D They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.

答案解析:

Passage Three

听力原文

    In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, (22) [two groups of college students were given word search puzzles.] The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants’ smartphones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with equipment in the experiment and would need to be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second groups solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones, and let it ring for a while before hanging up. (23) [Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.] 

    Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. (24) [Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain.]

    (25) [Technology is a great tool. However, it’s important to recognize its downsides.] Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain are only a few. If we are not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

23. What do we learn about many of the students in the second test group after the phone rang?

解析:A。录音中间指出,第二组的学生在电话响起之后便无法集中注意力,逐渐变得焦虑,测试的结果也比第一组更差。A项中的could no longer对应录音中的unable和from then on,concentrate对应录音中的focus,A项表示的意思与录音中提到的一致,故正确。

错项排除:B项中的until表明,铃声停止之后学生就能继续任务,而录音是说第二组学生从铃声响起以后就无法集中注意力了,并没有说他们在铃声停止后就能继续任务,故B项错误。录音没有提到回电话,故C项排除。录音中虽然提到了hanging up,但此处说的是实验人员故意让手机铃响一会之后挂断,这并非第二组学生的要求,故D项排除。

24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A A decline in sports activities.

B A rise in emotional problems.

C A decline in academic performance.

D A reduction in the amount of sleep.

答案解析:

Passage Three

听力原文

    In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, (22) [two groups of college students were given word search puzzles.] The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants’ smartphones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with equipment in the experiment and would need to be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second groups solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones, and let it ring for a while before hanging up. (23) [Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.] 

    Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. (24) [Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain.]

    (25) [Technology is a great tool. However, it’s important to recognize its downsides.] Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain are only a few. If we are not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

24. According to the passage, what is the most dramatic impact of smartphone use?

解析:D。录音后半部分提到,也许使用智能手机带来的最大影响是睡眠时间的减少,D项在录音中原词复现,符合录音中的意思,故D项正确。

错项排除:A项利用录音中出现的activities和reduction的近义词decline进行细节拼凑,录音结尾提到体重增加是负面影响之一,但并没有说与体育运动有直接关系,故排除。录音中说到睡眠减少会导致体重增加,但在录音中未提及情绪问题会增加,故B项可排除。录音中提到了poor grades,但这并不是最大的影响,故C项可排除。

25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A Ensure they have sufficient sleep every day.

B Realize the disruptive effects of technology.

C Take effective measures to raise productivity.

D Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.

答案解析:

Passage Three

听力原文

    In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, (22) [two groups of college students were given word search puzzles.] The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants’ smartphones in their line of sight. The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with equipment in the experiment and would need to be moved away from the testing area. Midway through the second groups solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones, and let it ring for a while before hanging up. (23) [Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.] 

    Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions. Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites. Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades. (24) [Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain.]

    (25) [Technology is a great tool. However, it’s important to recognize its downsides.] Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity and weight gain are only a few. If we are not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

25. What does the speaker suggest people do?

解析:B。四个选项均为动词原形词组,推测题目可能问要做的事情是什么。录音结尾说,技术是一种伟大的工具。然而,认识到它的负面影响也很重要。随后又在录音最后一句说到,如果我们现在不注意所有这些小问题,下一代将会受到更大的影响。也就是说,讲话者建议,我们应该认识到科技的负面影响,B项的Realize对应录音中的recognize,disruptive effects对应录音中的downsides,因此B项正确。

错项排除:虽然录音中提到了sleep和productivity,但只是列举了技术的负面影响,并没有直接建议人们要保证睡眠充足或提高生产力,故A、C两项排除。录音开头提到line of sight作为干扰,但与视力(eyesight)无关,也没有建议保护年轻一代的视力,故D项排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension

It can be seen from the cheapest budget airlines to the world’s largest carriers: Airlines across the globe (26)_____ various shades of blue in their cabin seats, and it is no (27)_____. There does appear to be some psychology behind it. Blue is (28)_____  with the positive qualities of trust, efficiency, quietness, coolness, reflection and calm.   

        Nigel Goode is a leading aviation designer who works at a company which has been delivering aircraft interiors for airlines for 30 years. “Our job as designers is to reinforce the airline’s brand and make it more (29)_____,” he says. “But our primary concern is to deliver an interior that (30)_____comfort to create a pleasant environment.”

        “It’s all about making the travelling experience less (31)_____and blue is said to induce a feeling of calm. While some of the budget airlines might use brighter, bolder shades, most others go with softened tones. The (32)_____aim is to create a home-like relaxing feel, so airlines tend to use soft colors that feel domestic, (33)_____ and earthy for that reason.”

        It’s also a trend that emerged decades ago and has (34)_____ stuck. “Blue became the color of choice because it’s a conservative, agreeable, corporate shade that (35)_____ being trustworthy and safe. That’s why you see it used in all of the older airlines like British Airways,” Nigel Goode added. 

26、 (1)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

27、 (2)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

28、 (3)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

29、 (4)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

30、 (5)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

31、 (6)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

32、 (7)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

33、 (8)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

34、 (9)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

35、 (10)

A indication

B determined

C simply

D symbolizes

E imitate

F coincidence

G recognizable

H stressful

I maximizes

J integrate

K natural

L drastically

M enormous

N associated

O principal

答案解析:

名词

coincidence  巧合

indication  标示;象征

natural  有天赋的人

principal  负责人;校长

动词

associated (-ed)  联想;联系

determined (-ed)  决定;查明

imitate  模仿,仿效

integrate  合并;融入

maximizes (-s)  使最大化

symbolizes (-s)  象征

形容词

associated  有关联的,相关的

determined坚定的;坚决的

enormous  巨大的,庞大的

natural  自然的;天然的

principal  最重要的;主要的

recognizable 易于识别的

stressful 压力重的;紧张的

副词

drastically  极端地;急剧地

simply   仅仅,只不过

26. H) integrate

解析:动词辨析题。空格前面的名词Airlines是句子的主语,across the globe是修饰Airlines的后置定语,空格后为名词词组various shades of blue(深浅不一的蓝色),作句子的宾语。由此可知,空格所在句缺少谓语,且主语为复数,空格处应填入动词原形或过去式。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上____了各种深浅不一的蓝色。可知,该句指的是航空公司现在具备的状态,故应使用动词原形。结合句意,备选项中只有integrate(融入)填入空格符合逻辑,表示“在机舱座位上融入了各种蓝色”。

27. coincidence

解析:名词辨析题。空格所在分句是一个简单句,it指代前一个分句的内容,no为限定词表示否定,后面应该跟一个名词作分句的表语。空格所在句大意为:全球各地的航空公司都在机舱座位上融入了各种深浅不一的蓝色,而且这不是____。后面又接着说到,这背后似乎存在一些心理学的因素,是对上一句空格中填入词的进一步解释。结合选项中的名词,空格处填入coincidence(巧合)更符合语境,表示“这不是一种巧合”。

28. associated

解析:空格前为系动词is,空格后为介词with,空格所在句谓语成分不完整,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式,和is一起构成句子的谓语。空格所在句大意为:蓝色与信任、效率、安静、冷静、反思和镇定等优秀品质____。前文说到很多航空公司都会在机舱座位上融入蓝色,又提到这可能是一种心理学因素,由此可推断出,本句是在继续解释航空公司使用蓝色和人们心理之间的关系。可以根据上文推知,蓝色和上述品质是有关联的,故空格处填入associated(有关联的)符合语境。

29. recognizable

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为make it more,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级。本句为航空设计师所说的话:作为设计师,我们的工作就是强化航空公司的品牌,让它更____。其中it指代的就是前面的brand,结合语境可知,设计师强化航空公司的品牌,其目的就在于使品牌更加具有辨识度,故空格处应填入recognizable(易于识别的),形容brand最为合适。选项中的其他形容词在此处无法修饰brand,均不符合上文语义,故排除。

30. maximizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰an interior。从句中缺少谓语,空格前为引导词that,空格后为名词comfort,可知空格处应填入动词,充当从句的谓语;又因为先行词为单数an interior,此处应填入动词的第三人称单数形式。本句大意为:但我们主要关心的是提供一个能____舒适度的机舱内部设计,以创造出愉快的环境。选项中只有maximizes(使……最大化)符合题意,代入空格表示“将舒适度最大化的机舱内部设计”。

31. stressful

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为making the traveling experience less,可知空格处应填入形容词,与前面共同构成比较级,构成make+sth.+adj.结构。本句大意为:这都是为了让旅途过程不那么____,据说蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。第一段中已经说到,航空公司的机舱内部设计都会融入蓝色,而蓝色和镇静等品质相关联,本句又接着提到蓝色能让人产生一种平静的感觉。本句开头的It指的就是把蓝色融入机舱设计这件事,由此可知,设计师们这样做是为了让乘客在旅途中减少压力或不安,希望他们能镇静下来,故stressful(有压力的)代入空格符合语境。

32. principal

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词The,空格后为名词aim,可知空格处应填入形容词,修饰名词aim。空格所在句前一句说到,虽然一些廉价航空公司可能会使用更明亮、更大胆的色调,但其他大多数航空公司都会使用柔和的色调。随后空格所在句对此作出解释:(这样做的)____目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色。在形容词备选项中,principal(主要的)符合语境,表示“这样做的主要目的”。

33. natural

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前面为feel domestic,空格后为and earthy,可知空格处应填入和domestic、earth并列的形容词,一起表示soft colors给人的感觉。本句说到,航空公司的主要目的是营造一种像家一样放松的氛围,因此航空公司倾向于使用柔和的颜色,给人一种家一样的、____、朴实的感觉。结合形容词选项,只有natural(自然的)可以和domestic及earthy意思相近,能构成并列关系,代入空格中表示“自然的感觉”。

34. simply

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为has,空格后为动词stuck,是stick(卡住)的过去分词形式,空格所在句主干结构完整,可知空格处应填入副词,修饰stuck。本句大意为:这也是几十年前就已经出现的一种趋势,____一直都没有改变。结合副词选项,只有simply(只不过;仅仅)代入空格处符合语境,表示“这种趋势只不过是一直都没有改变”。

35. symbolizes

解析:动词辨析题。空格所在句为定语从句,修饰corporate shade(公司颜色),从句缺少谓语成分,空格前为从句的引导词that,后面为动名词短语being trustworthy and safe(可靠和安全),可知空格处应填入动词的第三人称单数,作定语从句的谓语。本句大意为:人们选择蓝色,因为它是一种保守、合适的公司颜色,____可靠和安全。动词选项中,symbolizes(象征)代入空格中符合语境,表示“象征着可靠和安全”。maximizes后应接事物或概念,填入空格后接形容词显然不符合上下文语义。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Why Are Asian Americans Missing From Our Textbooks?

【A】I still remember my fourth-grade social studies project. Our class was studying the Gold Rush, something all California fourth-graders learned. I was excited because I had asked to research Chinese immigrants during that era. Growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area, I had always known that “San Francisco” translated to “Gold Mountain” in Chinese. The name had stuck ever since Chinese immigrants arrived on the shores of Northern California in the 1850s, eager to try their luck in the gold mines. Now I’d have the chance to learn about them.
【B】My excitement was short-lived. I remember heading to the library with my class and asking for help. I remember the librarian’s hesitation. She finally led me past row after row of books, to a corner of the library where she pulled an oversized book off the shelf. She checked the index and turned over to a page about early Chinese immigrants in California. That was all there was in my entire school library in San Francisco, home of the nation’s first Chinatown. That was it.
【C】I finally had the opportunity to learn about Asian Americans like myself, and how we became part of the fabric of the United States when I took an introductory class on Asian-American history in college. The class was a revelation. I realized how much had been missing in my textbooks as I grew up. My identity had been shaped by years of never reading, seeing, hearing, or learning about people who had a similar background as me. Why, I wondered, weren’t the stories, histories, and contributions of Asian Americans taught in K-12 schools, especially in the elementary schools? Why are they still not taught?
【D】Our students — Asian, Latino, African American, Native American, and, yes, white — stand to gain from a multicultural curriculum. Students of color are more engaged and earn better grades when they see themselves in their studies. Research has also found that white students benefit by being challenged and exposed to new perspectives.
【E】For decades ,  activists have called for schools to offer anti-racism or multicultural curricula. Yet a traditional American K-12 curriculum continues to be taught from a Eurocentric point of view. Being multicultural often falls back on weaving children of color into photographs, or creating a few supporting characters that happen to be ethnic—an improvement, but superficial nonetheless. Elementary school classrooms celebrate cultural holidays—Lunar New Year! Red envelopes! Lion dancers!—but they’re quick to gloss over (掩饰) the challenges and injustices that Asian Americans have faced. Most students don’t, for example, learn about the laws that for years excluded Asians from immigrating to the U.S. They don’t hear the narratives of how and why Southeast Asian refugees (难民) had to rebuild their lives here.
【F】Research into what students learn in school has found just how much is missing in their studies. In an analysis, Christine Sleeter, a professor in the College of Professional Studies at California State University, Monterey Bay, reviewed California’s history and social studies framework, the curriculum determined by state educators that influences what is taught in K-12 classrooms. Of the nearly 100 Americans recommended to be studied, 77% were white, 18% African American, 4% Native American, and 1% Latino. None were Asian American.
【G】Worse, when Asian Americans do make an appearance in lesson books, it is often laced with problems. “There hasn’t been much progress,” says Nicholas Hartlep, an assistant professor at Metropolitan State University. His 2016 study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals found that Asian Americans were poorly represented at best, and subjected to racist caricatures (拙劣的模仿) at worst. The wide diversity of Asian Americans was overlooked; there was very little mention of South Asians or Pacific Islanders, for example. And chances were, in the images, Asian Americans appeared in stereotypical (模式化的) roles, such as engineers.
【H】Teachers with a multicultural background or training could perhaps overcome such curriculum challenges, but they’re few and far between. In California, 65% of K-12 teachers are white, compared with a student population that is 75% students of color. Nationwide, the gap is even greater. It isn’t a requirement that teachers share the same racial or ethnic background as their students, but the imbalance poses challenges, from the potential for unconscious bias to a lack of knowledge or comfort in discussing race and culture.
【I】How race and ethnicity is taught is crucial, says Allyson Tintiangco-Cubales, an Asian-American studies professor at San Francisco State University. She added that it’s not so much about the teacher’s background, but about training. “You can have a great curriculum but if you don’t have teachers dedicated (专注于) to teaching it well,” she says, “it won’t work as well as you want it to.”
【J】Some teachers are finding ways to expose students to Asian-American issues — if not during school hours, then outside of them. This summer, Wilson Wong will lead a class of rising fifth-graders at a day camp dedicated to Chinese culture and the Chinese-American community in Oakland, California. His students, for instance, will learn about how Chinese immigrants built the railroads in California, and even have a chance to “experience” it themselves: They will race each other to build a railroad model on the playground, with some students being forced to “work” longer and faster and at cheaper wages. Wong, a middle school teacher during the school year, hopes he’s exposing the students to how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S., something that he didn’t get as a student growing up in the San Francisco Bay Area. “I planted the seeds early,” he says. “That’s what I’m hoping for.”
【K】And, despite setbacks, the tide may finally be turning. California legislators passed a bill last year that will bring ethnic studies to all its public high schools. Some school districts, including San Francisco and Los Angeles, already offer ethnic studies at its high schools. High schools in Portland, Chicago, and elsewhere have either implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies classes. And, as more high schools begin teaching it, the door could crack open for middle schools, and, perhaps inevitably, elementary schools, to incorporate a truly more multicultural curriculum. Doing so will send an important message to the nation’s youngest citizens: Whatever your race or ethnicity, you matter. Your history matters. Your story matters.


36、36. While cultural holidays are celebrated, the injustices experienced by Asian Americans are not exposed in elementary school classrooms.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

37、37. Little information can be found about Chinese immigrants in the author’s school library.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

38、38. A middle school teacher is making a great effort to help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

39、39. No Asian Americans were included in the list of historical figures recommended for study in K-12 classrooms.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

40、40. There is an obvious lack of teachers with a multicultural perspective to meet the curriculum challenges in America.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

41、41. Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better from a multicultural curriculum.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

42、42. Now more and more high schools in America are including ethnic studies in their curriculums.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

43、43. A study of some K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals showed that Asian Americans were inadequately and improperly represented in them.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

44、44. When taking a class in college, the author realized that a lot of information about Asian Americans was left out of the textbooks he studied.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

45、45. An Asian-American studies professor placed greater emphasis on teacher training than on teachers’ background.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析:36. 虽然人们在小学课堂上会庆祝一些文化节日,但亚裔美国人所遭遇的不公平对待并没有被提及。

解析:E。根据题干中的cultural holidays are celebrated、injustices和elementary school classrooms可定位至E段第四句。该句说到,小学教室里会庆祝一些文化节日——过农历新年、包红包、舞狮子——但这些反倒很快就掩饰了亚裔美国人所遭遇的挑战和不公平待遇。题干中的定位词均为原词复现,而题干中的experienced by和are not exposed分别对应原文中的have faced和gloss over,故本题是对E段第四句的同义转述。

37. 作者所在学校的图书馆里,几乎找不到关于中国移民的信息。

解析:B。根据题干中的Little information、Chinese immigrants和the author’s school library可定位至B段。该段一开始就说到,作者和他的同学们去学校图书馆(library)搜寻资料,题干中的in the author’s school library对应原文B段第二句。随后该段倒数第二、三句提到,图书管理员查了一下图书目录,然后翻到关于加利福尼亚州早期中国移民(Chinese immigrants)的那一页。那就是我们学校整个图书馆(entire school library)里所有的资料了,而我们学校就坐落在旧金山,美国第一处唐人街所在地。由此可知,作者所在学校的图书馆里,关于中国移民的信息只有一页内容,资料非常少。题干中的Little information对应原文B段倒数第二句中的That was all以及最后一句的That was it,故本题是对B段内容的同义概括。

38. 一位中学老师正在努力帮助学生了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。

解析:J。根据题干中的A middle school teacher和help students learn about the contributions made by Chinese immigrants可定位至J段。该段开头说到,有一些老师正在想办法让学生去接触亚裔美国人的相关话题,后面第二、三句以威尔逊·王的例子详细说明这位中学老师如何引导学生学习华裔美国人的文化和历史。他带领一个五年级新生班级(rising fifth-graders)参加一场以中国文化和华裔美国人社区为主题的日营活动,让学生们学习到中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的。由此可知,这位中学老师通过组织夏令营的方法让学生们了解中国移民对美国做出的贡献。题干中的A middle school teacher对应J段第二句中的Wilson Wong,题干中的making a great effort对应J段第三句中“老师组织夏令营的活动,让同学们学习有关中国移民的历史”,help students learn about对应J段第四句中的exposing,contributions made by Chinese immigrants to America对应J段第三句中“中国移民是如何在加利福尼亚州建造铁路的”和第四句中的how Chinese Americans contributed to the U.S.。故本题是对J段内容的同义概括。

39. 亚裔美国人没有被列入中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中。

解析:F。根据题干中的No Asian Americans和the list of historical figures recommended for study可定位至F段。该段第二句说到,克里斯汀·斯里特教授研究了中小学的课程内容(what is taught in K-12 classrooms),接着最后两句指出他研究的结果:在推荐学习的近100名美国人中,77%是白人,18%是非裔美国人,4%是印第安人,1%是拉丁美洲人。没有一个是亚裔美国人。由此可知,在中小学推荐学习的历史人物名单中没有亚裔美国人。题干中的No Asian Americans对应F段最后一句None were Asian American,the list of historical figures recommended for study对应倒数第二句中的100 Americans recommended to be studied,题干中的K-12 classrooms为原词复现,故本题是对F段最后两句的同义转述。

40. 在美国,显然缺乏具有多元文化视角的教师来应对课程挑战。

解析:H。根据题干中的lack of teachers、multicultural perspective和meet the curriculum challenges可定位至H段第一句。该句说到,拥有多元文化背景或接受过培训的教师或许能够应对这些课程挑战,但这样的教师少之又少。an obvious lack对应定位句中的they’re few and far between,teachers with a multicultural perspective对应定位句中的Teachers with a multicultural background,meet the curriculum challenges对应定位句中的overcome such curriculum challenges,故本题为H段第一句的同义替换。

41. 有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。

解析:D。根据题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds learn better和multicultural curriculum可定位至D段。该段前两句提到,各个种族的学生都可以从多元文化课程(multicultural curriculum)中获益。有色人种的学生如果看到自己的种族出现在所学内容中,通常会更加投入,取得更好的成绩。由此可知,有不同种族背景的学生能从多元文化课程中学得更好。题干中的Students of ethnic backgrounds对应原文第一句中的Asian, Latino, African American, Native American和white以及第二句中的Students of color,learn better对应原文中的more engaged and earn better grades,故本题是对D段前两句内容的同义转述。

42. 现在,美国越来越多的高中将种族教育纳入了其课程中。

解析:K。根据题干中的more and more high schools和including ethnic studies可定位至K段第三、四句。该段说到,包括旧金山和洛杉矶在内的一些学区已经在其高中开设了种族教育课程。波特兰、芝加哥等其他地方的高中也已经开始或计划纳入种族学习课程。由此可知,在美国,越来越多的高中把种族教育纳入课程当中。题干中的more and more high schools对应K段第三句中的Some school districts和各个地区的high schools,including ethnic studies对应原文中的offer ethnic studies及implemented or will soon introduce ethnic studies,故本题是对K段第三、四句的同义转述。

43. 一项针对部分中小学教材和教师手册的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象在这些教材中的呈现不充分且不恰当。

解析:G。根据题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals和inadequately and improperly represented可定位至G段第三句。该句说到,尼古拉斯•哈特勒普教授对中小学的社会研究课本和教师手册进行了研究(study of K-12 social studies textbooks and teacher manuals),他发现亚裔美国人没有在课本上获得充分展示已经算是最好的情况了,最坏的情况是带有种族主义色彩地对亚裔美国人进行拙劣的模仿。由此可知,该教授的研究表明,亚裔美国人的形象没有被充分、恰当地呈现在中小学的教材中。题干中的K-12 textbooks and teacher manuals为原词复现,题干中的inadequately and improperly represented对应定位句中的poorly represented和subjected to racist caricatures,故本题是对G段第三句内容的同义转述。

44. 在大学的一门课上,作者意识到他之前学过的课本中漏掉了很多关于亚裔美国人的信息。

解析:C。根据题干中的college、information about Asian Americans和left out of the textbooks可定位至C段。C段一开始说到,作者在大学(in college)上亚裔美国人历史的入门课时,终于有机会学习到了有关亚裔美国人的历史。随后第三句提到,他这才意识到他之前学习的课本中缺失了很多有关亚裔美国人的信息。题干中的information about Asian Americans对应C段第一句的Asian-American history,left out of the textbooks对应C段第三句的how much had been missing in my textbooks,随后几句继续通过自己的见闻来证明美国教育中亚裔历史的缺失。故本题是对C段的同义概括。

45. 一位研究亚裔美国人的教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景。

解析:I。根据题干中的An Asian-American studies professor、teacher training和teachers’ background可定位至I段前两句。定位句中几个定位词复现,该句指出,研究亚裔美国人的教授(an Asian-American studies professor)艾莉森·汀提昂库-古博拉斯说到,如何教授种族和民族的问题至关重要,这与老师的背景没有太大关系,而是与培训有关。由此可知,这位教授更注重的是教师培训,而不是教师的背景,故本题是对I段第二句的同义替换。

Part III Reading Comprehension

        When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti (涂鸦). They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements.

        Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls (颅骨), the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. “Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they don’t give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves,” says Orion.

        The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighborhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act”. How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?

        As for the Brazilian artist’s work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel—but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned. The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

46、46. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti?

A It uses paint to create anti-pollution images.

B It creates a lot of trouble for local residents.

C It causes lots of distraction to drivers.

D It turns dirty walls into artistic works.

答案解析:

解析:D。根据题干中的reverse graffiti以及题文同序原则可定位至原文首段第三句,该句提到了reverse graffiti(反向涂鸦),后面是对反向涂鸦的进一步解释。第四、五句说到,艺术家们找到布满污垢的墙面,然后用清洁刷或高压水管在上面作画或是写下标语。无论用哪种方式,原理都是一样的:通过清除污垢来创作图画。D项内容与此表述一致,dirty walls是对第一段第四句dirty surfaces的同义替换,turns...into artistic works是对该段第四句中paint them with images的同义替换和对第五句中的the image is made by cleaning away the dirt的同义转述,故正确答案为D。

错项排除:A项利用原文第一段出现的paint作干扰,但原文中说的是反向涂鸦是通过使用清洁刷或高压水管进行清理来作画,这里的paint为动词“作画”,并非是名词含义的“颜料”,故A项错误。B项利用原文第三段第一句出现的residents作干扰,但文中说的是利兹市议会对画作的评价,并没有提到反向涂鸦给当地居民制造了麻烦,故B项错误。C项利用原文第二段出现的drivers作干扰,原文只是说隧道的壁画在警示司机对环境造成的污染,distraction(分心)一词在文中没有依据,故C项错误。

47、47. What do reverse graffiti artists try to do?

A Publicise their artistic pursuit.

B Beautify the city environment.

C Raise public awareness of environmental pollution.

D Express their dissatisfaction with local governments.

答案解析:

解析:C。根据题干中的reverse graffiti artists try to do可定位至原文首段倒数第二句。该句说到,所有的艺术家都有一个共同的目标:引起人们对城市污染的关注。C项内容是对该句中draw attention to the pollution in our cities的同义替换,故正确答案为C。

错项排除:A项内容在原文中没有提及,故排除。原文多次说到反向涂鸦艺术家是通过清理墙壁来作画,但这样做的目的是要提升公众的环保意识,并未提到是为了美化城市环境,B项内容过度引申,故错误。D项用local governments设置干扰,第三段中提到与其意思相近的city authorities和City Council,但原文提到,反向涂鸦艺术家的创作让政府感到为难,他们的行为也惹恼了当地政府,但他们创作画作的目的是要提升公众的环保意识,而不是表达对政府的不满,故D项错误。

48、48. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?

A He was good at painting white skulls.

B He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art.

C He suggested banning all polluting cars.

D He was fond of doing creative artworks.

答案解析:

解析:B。根据题干中的Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion可定位至第二段首句。该句说到,2006年,巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥里恩通过清理污垢,在圣保罗的一条交通隧道里打造出了一幅令人惊叹的壁画。B项内容与原文表述一致,tunnels为原词复现,his graffiti art是定位句中wall painting的同义替换,故正确答案为B。

错项排除:A项利用原文词painting和white skulls作干扰,但原文说的是奥里恩在隧道里的画作是由一系列白色的颅骨图案组成,并没有说他是否擅长画白色头骨,故A项错误。C项用原文出现的pollution和car作干扰,但原文说的是奥里恩的画作旨在警示司机汽车对环境所造成的的污染,并没有建议要禁用所有污染环境的汽车,banning和all在文中没有依据,故C项排除。原文中没有提到奥里恩是否喜欢制作有创意的艺术品,was fond of在文中没有依据,D项属于无中生有,故排除。

49、49. What does the author imply about Leeds City Council’s decision?

A It is simply absurd.

B It is well-informed.

C It is rather unexpected.

D It is quite sensible.

答案解析:

解析:A。根据题干中的Leeds City Council’s可定位至原文第三段。该段说到,利兹市议会认为反向涂鸦是对环境的破坏,将采取强有力的措施来禁止它,并要求穆斯“清除作品”。但通过前文可知,反向涂鸦的目的是提高人们的环保意识。通过第三段最后的反问句“他该怎么做呢?把他已经清理干净的地方重新再弄脏吗?”可知,作者认为清除反向涂鸦作品的理由没有说服力,是在暗示利兹市议会的这一行为很荒谬,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:B、D两项与原文意思相反,故排除。C项有一定的干扰性,但原文中作者的反问是在质疑利兹市议会的决定,态度是不支持的,而unexpected无法体现出反对的态度,故C项排除。

50、50. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orion’s reverse graffiti?

A They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo.

B They took drastic action to ban all reverse graffiti.

C They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city.

D They made it impossible for him to practice his art.

答案解析:

解析:D。根据题干中的city officials可定位至原文最后两句。这两句说到,市政府官员随后决定采取严厉措施。他们不仅清理了整个隧道,还一并清理了圣保罗的每一条隧道。也就是说,政府官员清理了所有隧道,这样奥里恩就没有地方可以涂鸦了,因为奥里恩就是通过清理部分隧道墙壁来进行反向涂鸦的艺术创作的,故正确答案为D。

错项排除:原文最后一段说到,虽然当局对于奥里恩的涂鸦作品感到很恼火,但却找不到任何可以指控他的罪名。他们别无选择,只能去清理隧道。由此可知,清理隧道是政府的行为,而且他们也无法指控奥里恩污染环境,故A、C两项错误。B项利用原文词drastic action作干扰,但原文倒数第二句说的是“市政府官员随后决定采取严厉措施”,并没有提到要禁止(ban)所有反向涂鸦,ban一词在文中没有依据,故B项错误。

Part III Reading Comprehension

        The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.

        Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, “for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.”

        This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s bids to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, “when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it.”

51、51. What do some experts think about paying children for doing chores?

A It may benefit children in more ways than one.

B It may help children learn the worth of labor.

C It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.

D It may not be accepted by low-income parents.

答案解析:

解析:C。根据题干中的some experts可定位至原文首段的倒数第二句。该句提到,尽管许多父母认为,给完成家务的孩子零花钱对他们有好处,但一些专家(a range of experts)担心,将零花钱与家务活绑定在一起可能并不合适。也就是说,一些专家认为给做家务的孩子零花钱并不是最好的办法,C项内容是对定位句中may not be ideal的同义替换,故正确答案为C。

错项排除:定位句提到,许多父母认为,给完成家务的孩子零花钱对他们有好处(benefits),A项利用benefit作干扰,但这并不是专家的看法,而是父母的看法,并且in more ways than one在文中也没有依据,故A项错误。B、D两项中的关键词the worth of labor和low-income parents在原文未提及,故可排除。

52、52. According to Suniya Luthar, doing chores will help children learn to ____.

A share family responsibilities

B appreciate the value of work

C cultivate the spirit of independence

D manage domestic affairs themselves

答案解析:

解析:A。根据题干中的Suniya Luthar可定位至原文第二段。该段开头提到,苏妮娅·卢瑟反对通过给零花钱让孩子做家务。随后解释道,卢瑟并不反对给零花钱这件事本身,但她认为重要的是要让孩子明白:我们做家务不是因为期望得到报酬而做的,而是因为家务维持着家庭的运转。也就是说,苏妮娅·卢瑟认为做家务可以帮助孩子学会分担家庭责任。A项的share family responsibilities是对原文中keep the household running的同义转述,故答案为A。

错项排除:B、C两项的关键词the value of work和the spirit of independence在原文中没有体现,故排除。原文中多次出现“做家务”(chores),与D项的domestic affairs为同义词,但苏妮娅·卢瑟并没有说到做家务会让孩子学会自己处理家务,故D项错误。三个错误选项都在利用人们对做家务的一般认知来进行干扰,均不存在原文依据,做题时要注意从原文所给信息推断出答案。

53、53. What does Ron Lieber think should be the goal of giving children allowances?

A To help to strengthen family ties.

B To teach them how to manage money.

C To motivate them to do more housework.

D To show parents’ appreciation of their help.

答案解析:

解析:B。根据题干中的Ron Lieber可定位至原文第二段第三句。该句说到,卢瑟建议人们处理零用钱的方法与作家罗恩·利伯的建议是一致的,罗恩建议将零用钱作为一种方式,告诉孩子们如何节省、给予和购买他们想要的东西。也就是说,通过给零花钱来教会孩子如何处理金钱,即如何理财,B项内容是对原文中showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about的同义转述,故正确答案为B。

错项排除:文中罗恩的话并没有提到family ties(家庭联系)的相关内容,故A项排除。第二段最后一句罗恩说到,孩子做家务和成年人做家务的原因一样,因为家务是他们应该做的,而不是因为期望得到报酬而做的。他并没有把给孩子零花钱和做家务联系到一起,所以C项“激励他们做更多的家务”说法错误。D项内容在原文中未提及,故排除。

54、54. What does David Lancy say about 18-month-olds?

A They have a natural instinct to help around the house.

B They are too young to request money for what they do.

C They should learn to understand family responsibilities.

D They need a little incentive to get involved in housework.

答案解析:

解析:A。根据题干中的David Lancy和18-month-olds可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句。兰西说,大多数孩子在大约18个月大的时候就开始渴望能给父母帮忙,而且在许多文化中,他们在那个年纪就开始帮着父母做家务了。也就是说,18个月大的孩子会主动帮助父母做家务,他们有想帮着做家务的本能。A项内容是对原文中most children become eager to help their parents的同义转述,故正确答案为A。

错项排除:B项在原文中没有依据,故排除。C项内容与第二段中卢瑟和罗恩两个人的观点相近,但这并不是兰西的主张,故排除C项。D项利用原文最后一句出现的incentive作干扰,但原文中兰西说的是,解决这个问题的办法不是用金钱来激励孩子做家务,文中也没有提及其他的激励手段,D项与原文意思相悖,故错误。

55、55. What does David Lancy advise American parents to do?

A Set a good example for children in doing housework.

B Make children do housework without compensation.

C Teach children how to do housework.

D  Accept children’s early bids to help.

答案解析:

解析:D。根据题干中的David Lancy和American parents可定位至原文最后几句话。文章倒数第二、三句说到,兰西对比了美国的情况。兰西指出,直到孩子六七岁的时候,父母才会允许他们帮忙。到那时,很多孩子已经失去了想要帮忙的意愿,于是家长们就试图用报酬来激励他们。但这种做法是错误的,文章最后一句兰西提出:解决这个问题的办法不是用金钱来激励孩子做家务,而是让孩子在他们真正想做家务的时候及早地参与进来。D项是对这一内容的同义概括,其中bids to help对应定位句中的when they actually want to do it,故正确答案为D。

错项排除:A、C两项中的关键词example和Teach在原文均无依据,故可排除。B项利用原文第二段最后一句出现的compensation作干扰,但这是罗恩提出的观点,并非兰西所说。而且兰西只是建议不要用金钱来激励孩子做家务,并没有建议让孩子无偿做家务,且第三段中提到的And they do these tasks without payment也只是对其他文化中孩子开始做家务的年龄的客观描述,并不是大卫·兰西的建议,故B项属于过度推断,可排除。

Part IV Translation

56、        你如果到北京旅游,必须做两件事:一件是登长城,另一件是吃北京烤鸭。闻名遐迩的北京烤鸭曾仅限于宫廷,而现在北京数百家餐厅均有供应。        北京烤鸭源于600年前的明代。来自全国各地的厨师被挑选出来到京城为皇帝做饭。人们认为在皇宫做饭是一种莫大的荣誉,只有厨艺出众者才能获得这份工作。事实上,正是这些宫廷厨师使北京烤鸭的烹饪艺术日臻完善。

正确答案:

If you travel to Beijing, you must do two things: one is to climb the Great Wall, and the other is to taste Beijing roast duck. The well-known Beijing roast duck used to be available only in the imperial court, but now it is served in hundreds of restaurants in Beijing.

Beijing roast duck originated in the Ming Dynasty 600 years ago. Chefs from all over the country during that time were selected to cook for the emperor in the capital. It was considered a great honor to cook in the imperial palace because only those with outstanding cooking skills could be offered the job. In fact, it was these court chefs who gradually perfected the cooking art of Beijing roast duck.

答案解析:

词汇难点

长城 the Great Wall

北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck

宫廷 imperial court

源于 originate

明代 the Ming Dynasty

厨师 chef; cook

皇帝 emperor

皇宫 imperial palace

荣誉 honor

厨艺 cooking skills

出众 outstanding

日臻完善 gradually perfect

表达难点

第一句:本句中包含一个表示条件的分句“你如果到北京旅游”,直译为条件状语从句即可。“必须做的两件事”后面的内容可用冒号引出,译为you must do two things: one is..., and the other is...。“登长城”和“吃北京烤鸭”可用不定式表示,充当两个小分句的表语。

第二句:本句包含两个分句,将“曾经”与“现在”作对比,存在逻辑上的转折关系,翻译时可用but连接两个并列分句。“曾仅限于宫廷”可译为used to be available only in the imperial court,“现在北京数百家餐厅均有供应”中,省略了“供应”的宾语“烤鸭”,翻译时为了使前后句意连贯,可转译为被动语态,用it指代前一句中的Beijing roast duck,“供应”在餐饮业与“上菜”同义,应使用served。这部分译为but now it is served in hundreds of restaurants in Beijing。

第三句:本句为简单句,直译即可,注意时态要用一般过去时。

第四句:本句中有两个动词:“被挑选”和“为皇帝做饭”,第一个动词可作为谓语动词使用被动语态,译为were selected/chosen to。第二个动词可处理为目的状语,译为to cook for the emperor。注意本句的时间点与上一句相同,说的都是600年前的明代,仍应使用一般过去时。可在本句加译during that time,时间状语可置于句首、句末或主语后。

第五句:本句包含两个分句,分析句意可知两个分句之间存在逻辑上的因果关系,所以可将第一个分句译为主句,第二个分句译为原因状语从句。第一个分句中的“人们认为”可用被动语态It was considered表示。第二个分句中,“只有……才……”可以采用“only...can...”的倒装句式,“获得这份工作”也可使用被动结构,译为only those with outstanding cooking skills could be offered the job。

第六句:本句中“正是……”,可用强调句型it was...that/who...表达这种语气。“宫廷厨师”可译为court chefs,“日臻”意为“逐渐”,可译为gradually。“完善”可用perfect表示,perfect在此处为动词。注意宫廷厨师和“使……日臻完善”的时间均发生在古代,故仍使用一般过去时。整句话可译为it was these court chefs who gradually perfected the cooking art of Beijing roast duck。

Part I Writing

57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence “The use of online libraries is becoming increasingly popular”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

正确答案:

参考范文

The use of online libraries is becoming increasingly popular. Nowadays, more and more people read books from online libraries, which has aroused a heated debate over their pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages of online libraries far outweigh their disadvantages.

Online libraries have many merits. To start with, online libraries can offer readers a wider range of books to read than the traditional ones. People living in remote villages can thereby have access to as many books as those living in big cities. Also, online reading allows people to read regardless of time and place. However, one disadvantage that can’t be neglected is that online libraries could also result in the decrease of reading time since most people tend to focus for a shorter time while reading online.

In summary, despite their potential shortcomings, online libraries are beneficial in enhancing people’s reading experience and enriching people’s spiritual life. With the constant development of information technology, I believe that online libraries are bound to contribute more to our society.

参考译文

线上图书馆的使用正变得越来越受欢迎。如今,越来越多的人通过线上图书馆读书,这引起了人们对其利弊的激烈争论。在我看来,线上图书馆的优点远远超过了其缺点。

线上图书馆有许多优点。首先,比起传统图书馆,线上图书馆可以为读者提供更加丰富的阅读书目,使得偏远乡村的人们可以和住在大城市的人们阅读同样多的书籍。此外,在线的形式让人们可以随时随地方便地阅读。然而,不可忽视的一个缺点是,线上图书馆也会导致人们的阅读时间减少,因为大多数人在网上阅读时注意力集中的时间往往会更短。

总而言之,尽管线上图书馆存在一些潜在的缺点,但在提升人们的阅读体验和丰富人们的精神生活方面有诸多好处。随着信息技术的不断发展,我相信线上图书馆必将为我们的社会做出更多贡献。

答案解析:

写作指南

        从题目所给内容可以看出,本次四级考试的作文属于情景类作文,要求考生对线上图书馆的使用发表自己的看法。考生可以分别围绕线上图书馆的利与弊展开论述,或者只选择利弊之一去说明。与往年不同的是,题目中提供了文章首句的参考内容,建议考生采用该内容作为文章首句。

文章大纲

        第一段:引出话题,提出观点:线上图书馆利大于弊。

        第二段:详述线上图书馆的利与弊:书目丰富、受众广泛、不受地域和时间的限制,但可能会导致人们阅读的时间减少。

        第三段:重申观点,并展望线上图书馆未来的发展。

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