Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A Doing enjoyable work.
B Having friendly colleagues.
C Earning a competitive salary.
D Working for supportive bosses.
答案解析：
Conversation One
W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we’re looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.
M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors, which make people happy at work. The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.
W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?
M: Apparently not.
W: Any other interesting information in the survey?
M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy” at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.
W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.
M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.
W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?
M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.
W: Are bosses happier than their employees?
M: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.
1. What is the No.1 factor that made employees happy according to the survey?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：调查显示，什么是员工幸福感的首要因素？出题点位置：强调处。原文所在句：The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues.可见，对于受访的多数人而言，拥有友好的、互相支持的同事是最重要的因素。故正确答案为B）Having friendly colleagues。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A 31%.
B 20%.
C 25%.
D 73%.
答案解析：
Conversation One
W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we’re looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.
M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors, which make people happy at work. The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.
W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?
M: Apparently not.
W: Any other interesting information in the survey?
M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy” at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.
W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.
M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.
W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?
M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.
W: Are bosses happier than their employees?
M: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.
2. What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：调查显示，在工作中感觉到不幸福的人数百分比是多少? 出题点位置：转折处。原文所在句：However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.可见，20%的员工认为他们是不幸福的。故正确答案为B）20%。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A Those of a small size.
B Those run by women.
C Those that are well managed.
D Those full of skilled workers.
答案解析：
Conversation One
W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we’re looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.
M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors, which make people happy at work. The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.
W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?
M: Apparently not.
W: Any other interesting information in the survey?
M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy” at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.
W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.
M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.
W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?
M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.
W: Are bosses happier than their employees?
M: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.
3. What kind of companies are popular with employees?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：哪种类型的公司受到员工的欢迎? 出题点位置：时间逻辑处。原文所在句：First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff.可见，第一，小即是美：人们肯定更加喜欢在小一点的组织或者少于100人的公司工作。故正确答案为A）Those of a small size。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A They can hop from job to job easily.
B They can win recognition of their work.
C They can better balance work and life.
D They can take on more than one job.
答案解析：
Conversation One
W: Welcome to Work Place. And in today’s program, we’re looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.
M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy, who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top ten of the factors, which make people happy at work. The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.
W: So, we are not mainly motivated by money?
M: Apparently not.
W: Any other interesting information in the survey?
M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy” at work. However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.
W: That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.
M: It is, isn’t it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful: people definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.
W: Yes, we are, aren’t we?
M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.
W: Are bosses happier than their employees?
M: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.
4. What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：签订兼职合同的员工，感到更加幸福的原因可能是什么? 出题点位置：转折处。原文所在句：And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.可见，每天工作4~5小时的兼职合同工比全职员工更加幸福。调查认为，这可能是因为兼职合同工能够更好地平衡工作与生活。故正确答案为C）They can better balance work and life。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A It is a book of European history.
B It is an introduction of music.
C It is about the city of Bruges.
D It is a collection of photos.
答案解析：
Conversation Two
W: Mr. De Keyzer, I’m a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?
M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.
W: You wrote in the book: “I don’t want to photograph the disaster, I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?
M: It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it’s too late—as a last witness.
W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?
M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.
W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.
5. What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于Moments Before the Flood这本书，男士说了什么？此题目出点位置不符合顺序性原则。原文所在句：This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.可见，这种迫在眉睫的担心成为了大量照片拍摄项目的主题。故正确答案为D）It is a collection of photos（它是一本摄影集）。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A When painting the concert hall of Bruges.
B When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.
C When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.
D When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.
答案解析：
Conversation Two
W: Mr. De Keyzer, I’m a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?
M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.
W: You wrote in the book: “I don’t want to photograph the disaster, I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?
M: It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it’s too late—as a last witness.
W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?
M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.
W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.
6. When did the man get his idea for the work?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：男士什么时候产生了创作这本摄影集的想法？原文所在句：In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. 在2006年，布鲁克城市音乐厅邀请他为以水为主题的音乐季的音乐会目录拍照时，他发现自己正沿着比利时的海岸线工作。故正确答案为C）When taking pictures for a concert catalogue（在为音乐会目录拍照时）。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A The entire European coastline will be submerged.
B The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.
C The seawater of European will be seriously polluted.
D The major European scenic spots will disappear.
答案解析：
Conversation Two
W: Mr. De Keyzer, I’m a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?
M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.
W: You wrote in the book: “I don’t want to photograph the disaster, I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?
M: It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it’s too late—as a last witness.
W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?
M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.
W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.
7. What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：当气候灾害发生时，将会发生什么？原文所在句：It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water.可见，整个欧洲海岸线消失到水面以下只是时间问题。故正确答案为A）The entire European coastline will be submerged（整个欧洲海岸线将会消失在水下）。此题目中，正确选项中的submerged与原文的disappears under water为同义替换，表示“消失在水下”。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.
B People cannot get around without using boats.
C It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.
D Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.
答案解析：
Conversation Two
W: Mr. De Keyzer, I’m a great lover of your book Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?
M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline. As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child. This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.
W: You wrote in the book: “I don’t want to photograph the disaster, I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.” Can you talk a bit about that?
M: It is clear now that it is a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water. The same goes for numerous big cities around the world. My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it’s too late—as a last witness.
W: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?
M: Sure. The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear. In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one. For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site. Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.
W: Thank you, Mr. De Keyzer. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.
8. What does the man say about Venice?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于威尼斯，男士说了什么？原文所在句：Also, Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.威尼斯永久受到海洋带来的威胁，每天清晨，这里得重新搭起木质道路，让游客到达他们的酒店。故正确答案为D）Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning（每日清晨，游客使用木质道路到达酒店）。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A They make careful preparations beforehand.
B They take too many irrelevant factors into account.
C They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.
D They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.
答案解析：
Passage One
When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied: “I don’t want to look too inexperienced, I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victims to the “don’ts” syndrome—a form of negative goals setting. The “don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind response to pictures.
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself: “Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go?
Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said: “I want to look professional and self-assured. “I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
9. What do some people do when they face a new situation?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：当面临新情况的时候，人们会怎么做？原文所在句：When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.可见，当面临新情况时，人们倾向于花大量时间预测最坏的情况，预想自己失败的样子。故正确答案为C）They spend too much time anticipating their defeat（他们花太多时间去预测他们的失败）。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.
B Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.
C Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.
D Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.
答案解析：
Passage One
When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied: “I don’t want to look too inexperienced, I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victims to the “don’ts” syndrome—a form of negative goals setting. The “don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind response to pictures.
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself: “Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go?
Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said: “I want to look professional and self-assured. “I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
10. What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：斯坦福大学的研究调查结果显示了什么？原文所在句：Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something.斯坦福大学的研究表明：心理图像和行为对神经系统的刺激方式是一样的。故正确答案为D）Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing（想和做对神经系统的影响是相同的）。其中，选项中的thinking与原文中的mental image是同义替换。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Anticipate possible problems.
B Make a list of do’s and don’ts.
C Picture themselves succeeding.
D Try to appear more professional.
答案解析：
Passage One
When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied: “I don’t want to look too inexperienced, I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victims to the “don’ts” syndrome—a form of negative goals setting. The “don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind response to pictures.
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself: “Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go?
Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said: “I want to look professional and self-assured. “I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
11. What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?
解析：C。本题目为推理题。问题为：关于人们在压力环境下的建议，讲话人说了什么？原文所在句：I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like.讲话人告诉那个女生要想象自信的自己会是什么样的。故正确答案为C）Picture themselves succeeding（想象自己成功的样子）。此题目需要基于对文章的理解进行解答。文章想表达积极的想法对神经系统和成功有着促进作用，要去构想成功的场景而不是失败的场景。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A She wore a designer dress.
B She won her first jury trial.
C She did not speak loud enough.
D She presented moving pictures.
答案解析：
Passage One
When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied: “I don’t want to look too inexperienced, I don’t want them to suspect this is my first trial.” This lawyer had fallen victims to the “don’ts” syndrome—a form of negative goals setting. The “don’ts” can be self-fulfilling because your mind response to pictures.
Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nerve system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself: “Don’t hit the ball into the water.” His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go?
Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen. I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial. And this time she said: “I want to look professional and self-assured. “I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the court room, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.
12. What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于在法庭上的律师，我们从文中知道了什么？原文所在句：She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive stress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.这位律师开始构想自己熟练地结辩和赢得这场审判。几周过后，这种积极的压力设想使得年轻的律师真的赢得了审判。故正确答案为B）She won her first jury trial。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.
B Its health benefits have been overestimated.
C It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.
D It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.
答案解析：
Passage Two
Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. Researchers now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.
Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital finds it’s hard to get teenager patients’ attention about healthy eating but telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age. That’s a powerful message.
The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.
The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams a fiber a day—men even more.
13. What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于在青少年的饮食中增加膳食纤维的最新研究告诉我们什么？原文所在句：Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. Researchers now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.可见，多数美国人饮食缺少水果、蔬菜或者全麦，现在的研究者认为在青少年的饮食中加入膳食纤维会帮助降低乳腺癌的风险。正确选项为：C）It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.
B It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.
C It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.
D It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.
答案解析：
Passage Two
Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. Researchers now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.
Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital finds it’s hard to get teenager patients’ attention about healthy eating but telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age. That’s a powerful message.
The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.
The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams a fiber a day—men even more.
14. What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于在青少年的饮食中增加膳食纤维的最新研究告诉我们什么？原文所在句：The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades.可见，最新研究是基于4.4万名女性的研究，对她们高中时期的饮食和过去24年的饮食习惯进行了追踪调查。故正确答案为D）It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence。选项中的adolescence（青少年期）和原文中的high school（高中期）是同义替换。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.
B Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.
C Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.
D Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.
答案解析：
Passage Two
Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains. Researchers now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.
Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools. But along comes a new study that could change that. Kristi King, a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital finds it’s hard to get teenager patients’ attention about healthy eating but telling them that eating lots of high-fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age. That’s a powerful message.
The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women. They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades. It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer, compared to the women who ate the least fiber. This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.
The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk. The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams a fiber a day—men even more.
15. What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于在青少年的饮食中增加膳食纤维的最新研究告诉了我们什么？原文所在句：The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps, a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore, a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.可见，简言之，吃得纤维越多，身体中的激素水平越低，因此一生中患乳腺癌的风险就越低。故正确答案为A）Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A Observing the changes in marketing.
B Conducting research on consumer behavior.
C Studying the hazards of young people drinking.
D Investigating the impact of media on government.
答案解析：
Recording One
Well, my current research is really about consumer behavior. So recently I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to government at the moment.
I’ve also looked at how older people are represented in the media; again, it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.
I’m also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.
Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumer’s perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer’s perspective.
For example, in the case of young people’s drinking, one of the things that I’ve identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.
A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there.
The key thing about consumer behavior is that it’s very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing; so we have to look at what consumers are doing.
Currently I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.
So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research.
For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there’s a whole range of interesting research out there and I think as the years go on, there’s going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.
16. What is the speaker currently doing?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人最近在做什么？原文所在句：Well, my current research is really about consumer behavior.可见，讲话人最近的研究调查是关于消费者行为的。故正确答案为B）Conducting research on consumer behavior。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A It is the cause of many street riots.
B It is getting worse year by year.
C It is a chief concern of parents.
D It is an act of socialising.
答案解析：
Recording One
Well, my current research is really about consumer behavior. So recently I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to government at the moment.
I’ve also looked at how older people are represented in the media; again, it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.
I’m also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.
Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumer’s perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer’s perspective.
For example, in the case of young people’s drinking, one of the things that I’ve identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.
A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there.
The key thing about consumer behavior is that it’s very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing; so we have to look at what consumers are doing.
Currently I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.
So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research.
For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there’s a whole range of interesting research out there and I think as the years go on, there’s going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.
17. What has the speaker found about young people’s drinking?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于年轻人喝酒的情况，讲话人发现了什么？原文所在句：A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there.可见，很多的政府广告是关于个人责任的，但是理解喝酒是社交行为，同时帮助年轻人安全到家而不是进医院，是他们努力在这里想表达的。故正确答案为D）It is an act of socializing。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior.
B They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.
C They analysed their family budgets over the years.
D They conducted a thorough research on advertising.
答案解析：
Recording One
Well, my current research is really about consumer behavior. So recently I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to government at the moment.
I’ve also looked at how older people are represented in the media; again, it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.
I’m also interested in how consumers operate online, and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.
Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumer’s perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer’s perspective.
For example, in the case of young people’s drinking, one of the things that I’ve identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.
A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility, but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there.
The key thing about consumer behavior is that it’s very much about how consumers change. Markets always change faster than marketing; so we have to look at what consumers are doing.
Currently I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.
So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research.
For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers. I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too. The fact of the matter is that there’s a whole range of interesting research out there and I think as the years go on, there’s going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.
18. What does the speaker say that his students did last year?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人说去年他的学生做了什么？原文所在句：For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers.可见，去年讲话人的学生花了一周时间观察他们自己买的东西，并且进行了细致的分析，从分析购物行为到分析他们与零售银行和手机供应商之间的关系。故正确答案为A）They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.
B It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.
C It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.
D It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.
答案解析：
Recording Two
Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.
Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.
Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Haldane—the chief economist at the Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?
“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic payments—is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?”
Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.
She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need—she was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.
During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.
“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we’re all on credit cards, we’re doing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our hands around.”
19. What do we learn about Sweden?
解析：D。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于瑞典，我们了解到什么？原文所在句：Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.可见，瑞典是欧洲最早印刷和使用纸币的国家，但是它可能很快不再使用实物货币了。故正确答案为D）It is likely to give up paper money in the near future。原文中的give up paper money（放弃使用纸币）被替换为了选项中的do away with（废除）physical currencies（实物货币）。此题目考查对词汇的理解，因此比较难。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.
B Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.
C Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.
D Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.
答案解析：
Recording Two
Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.
Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.
Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Haldane—the chief economist at the Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?
“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic payments—is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?”
Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.
She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need—she was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.
During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.
“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we’re all on credit cards, we’re doing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our hands around.”
20. What did Claer Barrett want to find out with her experiment?
解析：C。本题目为细节题。问题为：Claer Barrett想要通过实验查明什么？原文所在句：Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.可见，Barrett想要查明不使用实物货币是否真的会令人们开销变大，所以两个月前她决定做一个实验。故正确答案为C）Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A There was no food service on the train.
B The service on the train was not good.
C The restaurant car accepted cash only.
D The cash in her handbag was missing.
答案解析：
Recording Two
Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.
Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.
Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Haldane—the chief economist at the Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?
“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic payments—is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?”
Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.
She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need—she was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.
During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.
“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we’re all on credit cards, we’re doing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our hands around.”
21. What did Claer Barrett find on her train ride?
解析：C。本题目为推理题。问题为：在火车旅行中，Claer Barrett发现了什么? 原文所在句：During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.可见，在实验期间，Barrett进行了一次火车旅行。途中，广播说餐车不接受信用卡支付。餐车充满了抱怨声，因为很多乘客没有带现金。故正确答案为C）The restaurant car accepted cash only。因为餐车只接受实物现金货币而不接受信用卡支付，所以才引发了乘客的抱怨。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A By putting money into envelopes.
B By drawing money week by week.
C By limiting their day-to-day spending.
D By refusing to buy anything on credit.
答案解析：
Recording Two
Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money, but it may soon do away with physical currencies.
Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system, and they can also avoid bank robberies, theft, and dirty money.
Claer Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the western world is headed toward a world without physical currency. Andy Haldane—the chief economist at the Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency. But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?
“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society, is less a feature of our everyday lives, and the ease of electronic payments—is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?”
Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more, so she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.
She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending. She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need—she was forever drawing money out of cash points. Months later, she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.
During the experiment, Barrett took a train ride. On the way, there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards. The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.
“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation,” Barrett says. “My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week. It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending. Nowadays, we’re all on credit cards, we’re doing online purchases, and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our hands around.”
22. How did people of the last generation budget their spending?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：最近的一代人是如何预算开支的？原文所在句：My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes, so they knew what they had to spend week by week.可见，讲话人的父母在年轻时曾经通过把钱放到信封里理财，一收到工资他们就会立刻将钱分为几份放到不同的信封里，所以他们知道每周钱的花费去向。故正确答案为A）By putting money into envelopes。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A Population explosion.
B Chronic hunger.
C Extinction of rare species.
D Environmental deterioration.
答案解析：
Recording Three
Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You’ll be growing up in a generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face the problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.
I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. So let’s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away, they don’t have secure water supplies to drink.
Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don’t have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.
Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It’s not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.
I see demography as a central subject related to economics. It is the means to intervene more wisely, and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.
23. What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人在讲座中提到的其中一个问题是什么？原文所在句：So let’s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry.可见，讲座从一些问题开始讲起。现在，10亿人面临长期的饥饿。故正确答案为B）Chronic hunger。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A They contribute to overpopulation.
B About half of them are unintended.
C They have been brought under control.
D The majority of them tend to end halfway.
答案解析：
Recording Three
Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You’ll be growing up in a generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face the problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.
I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. So let’s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away, they don’t have secure water supplies to drink.
Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don’t have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.
Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It’s not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.
I see demography as a central subject related to economics. It is the means to intervene more wisely, and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.
24. What does the speaker say about pregnancies?
解析：B。本题目为细节题。问题为：关于怀孕，讲话人说了什么？原文所在句：This is not only a problem in developing countries. About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended.可见，怀孕问题不仅仅出现在发展中国家，近一半的怀孕属于意外怀孕。故正确答案为B）About half of them are unintended。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.
B It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.
C It is neglected in many of the developing countries.
D It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention.
答案解析：
Recording Three
Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college? You’ll be growing up in a generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying. You will face the problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before. You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities. You need to understand as a citizen and as a tax payer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.
I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population. So let’s start with a few problems. Right now, a billion people are chronically hungry. That means they wake up hungry, they are hungry all day, and they go to sleep hungry. A billion people are living in slums, not the same billion people, but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away, they don’t have secure water supplies to drink.
Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate. You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket, if you can get to a supermarket. Two-thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don’t have access to birth control they want, so that they can control their own fertility. This is not only a problem in developing countries. About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended. So those are examples of population problems.
Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems. It’s not only the study of human population, but the populations of non-human species, including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat. Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs, and buildings because these are also populations. It studies these populations, in the past, present and future, using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.
I see demography as a central subject related to economics. It is the means to intervene more wisely, and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.
25. How does the speaker view the study of populations?
解析：A。本题目为细节题。问题为：讲话人如何看待对人口的研究？原文所在句：It is the means to intervene more wisely, and more effectively in the real world, to improve the wellbeing, not only of yourself—important as that may be—but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.可见，进行人口研究意味我们要更加明智和有效地在现实社会中进行干预，提升幸福感，这不仅是为了自认为重要的我们人类自己的幸福，也是为了和我们共享星球的其他物种。故正确答案为A）It is essential to the well-being of all species on earth。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologue（独白）in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain 26_____ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.
According to a series of experiments published in quarterly journal of experimental psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to 27_____ mental pictures helps people function quicker.
In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty 28_____ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were 29_____ to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their lips 30_____. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn’t, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that 31_____ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.
Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve 32_____ matured is not a great sign of 33_____. The two professors hope to refute that idea, 34_____ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking”.
Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any 35_____, there’s still such a thing as too much information.
26、 (1)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
27、 (2)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
28、 (3)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
29、 (4)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
30、 (5)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
31、 (6)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
32、 (7)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
33、 (8)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
34、 (9)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
35、 (10)
A volume
B instructed
C dedicated
D spectators
E uttering
F apparently
G sealed
H arrogance
I brilliance
J claiming
K volunteers
L trigger
M incur
N obscurely
O focused
答案解析：
26. focused
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 remain，空格后是副词better，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），focused（聚焦的、专心的），instructed （受教育的、受指示的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格处位于一个并列关系中，stay on task和remain…better and show improved perception capabilities都表示正向积极的意义。所以空格处应填focused，表示“专心的”。
27. trigger
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是to，空格处应填动词原形。备选项有incur（招致、遭受），trigger（触发、引发）。再看原文，“语言线索可触发想象”，故空白处应填trigger。
28. volunteers
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是数词twenty，可知空格处应填入名词复数。备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volunteers（志愿者）。再看原文提到了实验，此处应该是实验的参与者，因此应填入volunteers。
29. instructed
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是系动词were，空格后是to，可知空格处应填入动词过去分词。备选项有dedicated（奉献），instructed（指示、教育），sealed（密封）。再看原文，实验的参与者有一半是在指示下不断大声重复他们所寻找的东西，因此应填入instructed。
30. sealed
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是kept their lips，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有dedicated（献身的），sealed（密封的、未知的）。再看空格所在的上半句，该句指出“一半人不断大声重复，而另一半人保持他们的嘴……”，故此处应该与前面形成对比，因此应填入sealed。
31. uttering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是found that，空格后是the name，因此空格处应填doing作that从句的主语。备选项有claiming（声称），uttering（发出、作声）。再看空格所在句，此处应该是说出要找的东西的名字，因此应填入uttering。
32. apparently
解析：副词辨析题。空格位于have与matured之间，可见此处应填入副词。备选项有apparently（显然、表面上），obscurely（费解地）。再结合语义，此处是指一个人已经成长成熟，故正确答案为apparently。
33. brilliance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是sign of，空格处应填名词。备选项有arrogance（自大、傲慢），brilliance（光辉、才华），spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。再看句意，上文中出现了although，可知前后句意相反，前半句说“通过这样的任务可以帮助孩子们学习”，所以后面句子表示“当你长大成人了，即便这样做，也并不能作为智慧的标志”，因此应填brilliance。
34. claiming
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是完整的句子，空格处应填入非谓语作伴随状语。备选项有claiming（声称）。根据语义，“两位专家希望驳斥此想法，并且声称……”，故此处应填 claiming。
35. volume
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是at any，因此空格处应填入名词，备选项有spectators（观众、旁观者），volume（音量）。根据语义句子前后复现too much information，故应填volume。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently
36、Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
N N
O O
P P
Q Q
答案解析：36. Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.
