2022年12月阅读（第三套）

Part III Reading Comprehension

Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers, according to a new study. The research examined three studies (26)_____ more than 18,000 participants. Across all three, parenthood was (27)_____ with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.

So why are fathers happier than mothers? “Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,” said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey. In one study, the authors (28)_____ that dads were more likely to take “playing” as an (29)_____ activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids. “Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and (30)_____ closeness with their children,” they say.

Fathers also did better than men without kids, reporting greater happiness, life satisfaction, and fewer (31)_____ symptoms. They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy (自主). For mums, (32)_____, compared to women without children, the results weren’t quite as positive. Mums reported greater autonomy, but also “greater trouble” and fewer positive (33)_____.

Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids, compared to other experiences, but not while engaging (34)_____ in childcare. “This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important (35)_____ for their wellbeing,” the authors write. They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood. As such, they’re more likely to be “let down” by the experience.

1、 (1)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前后都是名词结构，推知空格处应填入非谓语动词或形容词。结合句意：这项研究仔细分析了三项调查____参与者18000多名。备选项中只有involving代入空格符合题意，表示“涉及参与者18000多名”，故为正确答案。

27. associated

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前是was，空格后为with，可知空格处应填入能和with搭配的动词分词或形容词。结合句意：在这三项调查中，对于爸爸而言，养育子女要比对于妈妈____更多积极的幸福体验。备选项中能与with构成搭配的只有associated和interfered，语义上只有associated符合，be associated with表示“与……有关联”，符合语义逻辑，故正确答案是associated。

28. note

解析：动词辨析题。空格位于主语the authors和that引导的宾语从句之间，可知空格处应填入动词。结合句意：在一项调查中，作者____无论是在照顾孩子还是与孩子相处时，爸爸都更可能会把“玩耍”作为一项活动。备选项中的note表示“特别提到”，填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。

29. additional

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词an，空格后为名词activity，可知空格处应填入形容词或具有形容词性质的分词，且第一个音节为元音。结合句意：无论是在照顾孩子还是与孩子相处时，爸爸都更可能会把“玩耍”作为一项____活动。符合条件的备选项有associated和additional，但associated只有在表示“联合的（企业）”时可作前置定语，语义不通，故排除。additional表示“额外的”，填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。

30. cultivate

解析：动词辨析题。空格位于一个动词不定式结构中，可知空格处应填入动词原形，与前面的experience并列，或是填入形容词，与closeness搭配，共同作experience的宾语。结合句意：与孩子一起玩让父母有机会体验积极的情感，以及与孩子____亲密的关系。备选项中只有cultivate填入空格符合语义逻辑，表示“与孩子培养亲密的关系”，故为正确答案。

31. depressive

解析：形容词辨析题。空格位于形容词fewer和名词symptoms之间，可知空格处应填入形容词或具有形容词性质的动词分词。结合句意：为人父者比没有孩子的男性更幸福，报告称他们有更高的幸福感和生活满意度，____症状也更少。由此可知空格处应填入具有消极意义的词。备选项中的depressive表示“抑郁的”，填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。

32. however

解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句成分完整，空格位于两个逗号之间，可知空格处应填入副词。结合语义，上一句提到了爸爸们与没有孩子的男性相比会更幸福，而本句提到妈妈们与没有孩子的女性相比，结果却没有那么积极。由此可知两句话之间存在转折关系，备选项中的however表示“然而”，填入空格符合题意，故为正确答案。

33. emotions

解析：名词辨析题。空格位于fewer positive和句号之间，可知空格处应填入名词，和fewer positive构成名词短语，与前面的greater trouble并列。上文提到，爸爸们比妈妈们更能感受到育儿的幸福，且全文通篇谈论的都是为人父母的感受，可知此处应填入与“感受”意思相近的词。备选项中的emotions表示“感情；情绪”，填入空格positive emotions表示“积极情绪”，符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。

34. directly

解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句结构完整，可知空格处应填入副词。结合句意：报告指出，妈妈在与孩子互动时会比做其他事情时心情更好，但在____参与育儿时却不是这样。备选项中只有directly填入空格符合语义逻辑，“直接参与育儿”可以和“与孩子互动”形成对照，故为正确答案。

35. implications

解析：名词辨析题。空格位于一个that引导的宾语从句中，从句的宾语成分缺失，可知空格处应填入名词。结合句意：这种差异表明，父母与孩子相处的方式可能会对他们的幸福感有着重要的____。结合上文第二段中提到，爸爸的情况之所以比妈妈更好，可能部分原因在于他们与孩子相处的方式，可知这里是在讨论亲子相处方式与幸福感的关系。备选项中只有implications（可能的影响）填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。

2、 (2)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

3、 (3)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

4、 (4)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

5、 (5)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

6、 (6)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

7、 (7)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

8、 (8)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

9、 (9)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

10、 (10)

A however

B note

C superficial

D composing

E directly

F cultivate

G associated

H depressive

I interfered

J implications

K emotions

L precisely

M involving

N therefore

O additional

答案解析：

名词

depressive 抑郁者

emotions (-s) 感情；情绪

implications (-s) 可能的影响；含义

note 笔记；便条；注释

动词

associated (-ed) 联想；交往

composing (-ing) 构成；撰写；作曲；使镇静

cultivate 种植；培养

interfered (-ed) 干涉；妨碍

involving (-ing) 需要；涉及；使参与

note 注意；特别提到

形容词

additional 附加的；额外的

associated 相关联的；联合的

depressive 抑郁的

superficial 肤浅的；表面的

副词

directly 直接地；正好地

however 然而；不管怎样

precisely 准确地；细心地

therefore 因此

26. involving

27. associated

28. note

29. additional

30. cultivate

31. depressive

32. however

33. emotions

34. directly

35. implications

Part III Reading Comprehension

Learning to say no

【A】Not doing something will always be faster than doing it. This philosophy applies in many areas of life. For example, there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all. This is not to say you should never attend another meeting, but the truth is that we say “yes” to too many things we don’t actually want to do.

【B】How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply, “Sure.” Three days later, you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list. We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said “yes” to them in the first place. Even worse, people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time. You don’t have to do something just because it exists. It’s worth asking if things are necessary. Many of them are not, and a simple “no” will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with. But if the benefits of saying “no” are so obvious, then why do we say “yes” so often?

【C】We say “yes” to many requests not because we want to do them, but because we don’t want to be seen as rude or unhelpful. Often, we have to consider saying “no” to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker, our spouse, our family and friends. Saying “no” to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult. In these situations, I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown. He writes, “Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said ‘yes’ and force them to deal with the trade-off. For example, if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X, you can respond with ‘Yes, I’m happy to make this the priority. Which of these other projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’”

【D】Collaborating with others is an important element of life. The thought of straining the relationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy. For this reason, it can be helpful to be gracious in your response. Do whatever favors you can, and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no. But even after we have accounted for these social considerations, many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no. We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’t meaningfully improve or support those around us, and certainly don’t improve our own lives.

【E】Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no. The words “yes” and “no” get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation. In reality, they’re not just opposite in meaning, but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment. When you say “no”, you are only saying “no” to one option. When you say “yes”, you are saying “no” to every other option. I like how economist Tim Harford put it, “Every time we say ‘yes’ to a request, we’re also saying ‘no’ to anything else we might accomplish with the time.” Once you’re committed to something, you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent. In other words, saying “no” saves you time in the future. Saying “yes” costs you time in the future. “No” is a form of time credit. You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want. “Yes” is a form of time debt. You have to pay back your commitment at some point.

【F】“No” is a decision. “Yes” is a responsibility. Saying “no” is sometimes seen as a luxury that only those in power can afford. And it’s true: turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power, money, and authority. But it’s also true that saying “no” is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful. It’s also a strategy that can help you become successful. Saying “no” is an important skill to develop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life: your time. As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it, “If you don’t guard your time, people will steal it from you.” You need to say “no” to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals.

【G】Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs, who said, “People think focus means saying ‘yes’ to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying ‘no’ to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully.” Jobs had another great quote about saying “no”: “I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done. Innovation is saying ‘no’ to 1,000 things.”

【H】Over time, as you continue to improve and succeed, your strategy needs to change. The opportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful. At first, you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest. As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t, you have to continually increase your threshold for saying “yes”. You still need to say “no” to distractions, but you also need to learn to say “no” to opportunities that were previously good uses of time, so you can make space for better uses of time. It’s a good problem to have, but it can be a tough skill to master.

【I】What is true about health is also true about productivity: an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently. And if that is the case, elimination is a more useful skill than optimization. I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote, “There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”

11、36. People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

答案解析：36. 人们往往会为了显得有礼貌、乐于助人而去答应别人的请求。

2022年12月阅读（第三套）

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