2021年12月阅读（第三套）

Part III Reading Comprehension

The sheets are damp with sweat. You’re cold, but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there’s nothing to be afraid of. But you’re still filled with (26)_____.

Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way for dreamers to (27)_____, or even turn off, these bad dreams as they happen?

Research is (28)_____, but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be (29)_____that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the (30)_____.

Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially for kids. Doctors (31)_____ don’t consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can (32)_____ from an unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs.

To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by (33)_____ research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent (34)_____ published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people (35)_____ to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.

1、 (1)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

解析：名词辨析题。空格处位于be filled with结构后，因此空格处应填入名词作with的宾语。上一句说到，噩梦没什么可怕的，下一句紧接着说，但你仍然充满____，根据But和still可知，空格处的名词与前面的“可怕”（afraid of）意思相近。名词备选项中只有fear表示“恐惧”符合语义。

27. avoid

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为to，根据前面的a way for dreamer to可知to为不定式符号，所以空格处应填入动词原形。根据空格所在句意，在噩梦发生时，做梦的人有没有办法____，或者说甚至是“关掉”它呢，由or even表示程度加深的意思可知，空格处应该填入与turn off意思相关的单词，动词备选项中只有avoid代入空格符合题意，表示“避开噩梦”。

28. limited

解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前为is，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。根据空格后的but可知，前后两句话之间存在意思上的转折，空格后面说到，一些研究（studies）表明……，可知前面一句话中的Research可能说明不了什么，所以空格处应填入相关的表示负面的词。备选项中只有limited有此含义表示“有限的”，代入空格意为，“研究有限”，符合题意。

29. aware

解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在部分位于两个破折号中间，属于插入语，根据that is可知是对前面内容的解释，空格前为be，空格后为that引导的从句，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前面提到了能够掌握清醒梦的人，空格所在句意为，能够____到噩梦正在发生，甚至能够在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦的人，根据插入语的解释属性可知前后说的内容是一样的，前面说掌握清醒梦的人，也就是说人在梦中是有意识的，即能够意识到梦的发生，备选项中只有aware填入空格符合题意，表示“能够意识到噩梦正在发生”。

30. answer

解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the，空格后没有内容，因此空格处应填入名词。空格所在句被插入语分开，做题时应将其还原为，people who can master lucid dreaming may hold the ____，从前文可知作者提出了一个问题：做梦的人有没有办法避开，或者说甚至是“关掉”它们呢？空格所在句即是对这个问题的回答，根据句意，能够掌握清醒梦的人可能掌握着____，名词备选项中代入空格能构成合理语义的只有answer，hold the answer表示“拥有答案”。

31. typically

解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，因此空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为，医生____不会把偶尔做噩梦当做一个问题，根据上一句话说到的噩梦是人类经历的一部分可知，医生一般情况下应该是不会将噩梦当做一个问题的。副词备选项中只有typically代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“通常”。

32. result

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为that引导的定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，空格前为can，空格后为from，因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句意为，它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状____不愉快的经历、压力或某些药物，很容易看出空格前后为因果关系。动词备选项中能够与from搭配构成合理语义的只有result，result from为固定搭配表示“由……引起的”，代入空格符合题意。

33. rigorous

解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为by，空格后为research，因此空格处应填入形容词做research的定语。空格所在句意为，对于这种睡眠障碍的治疗，有许多药物和疗法得到了____研究的支持，形容词备选项中能够修饰research构成合理语义的只有rigorous，代入空格表示“严谨的研究”，符合题意。

34. review

解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，空格处于地点状语in a recent____，结构中缺少中心词，因此空格处应填入名词，作介词in的宾语。根据空格后的后置定语published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine（发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上）可知，空格处应填入与“文章、研究”意思相关的词语，名词备选项中能与published搭配构成合理语义的只有review，表示“综述”。

35. tend

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为that引导的表语从句，从句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为，在睡眠周期的不同阶段，人们____会做不同类型的噩梦。动词备选项中能够与后面的to搭配构成合理语义的只有tend，tend to为固定搭配表示“往往会，倾向于”，符合题意。

2、 (2)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

3、 (3)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

4、 (4)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

5、 (5)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

6、 (6)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

7、 (7)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

8、 (8)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

9、 (9)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

10、 (10)

A rigorous

B answer

C review

D amount

E result

F avoid

G typically

H depart

I timidity

J limited

K mechanical

L tend

M fear

N aware

O drastically

答案解析：

名词

amount 数量；数额

answer 答复；回答

fear 害怕；担忧

result 后果；结果

review 审查；评论；综述

timidity 胆怯；胆小

动词

amount 总计；共计

answer 答复；回答

avoid 避免；防止

depart 离开；偏离

fear 害怕；担忧

limited (-ed) 限制；限定

result 致使；引起

review 审查；评论；复习

tend 倾向于；往往

形容词

aware 知道；意识到

limited 有限的

mechanical 机动的；机械的

rigorous 谨慎的；细致的

副词

drastically 急剧地；极其

typically 通常；典型地

26. fear

27. avoid

28. limited

29. aware

30. answer

31. typically

32. result

33. rigorous

34. review

35. tend

Part III Reading Comprehension

There’s a stress gap between men and women

【A】“I used to work very hard. I love to create things, grow them and solve problems,” said Meng Li, a successful app developer in San Francisco. “I didn’t really care about my mind and my body until they decided to go on strike.”

【B】Ms. Li said her stress led to sleeplessness. When she did sleep, she experienced “problem-solving dreams,” which left her feeling unrested when she woke up. “After l became a first-time mother, I quickly realized I was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I’d lost myself,” she said.

【C】It’s a common story—one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss, for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men, despite the growing sum of research that underlines the problem. Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men, according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior. The American Psychological Association reports a gender gap year after year showing that women consistently report higher stress levels. Clearly, a stress gap exists.

【D】“The difference is not really news to me, as a clinical psychologist,” said Erin Joyce, a women and couples therapist in Los Angeles. “It’s been well documented in extensive research over the years that prevalence rates for the majority of the anxiety disorders are higher in women than men.” Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home. In other words, we’re all really, really stressed.

【E】“The difference, however, is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home environment in particular,” Dr. Joyce said. For example, the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men. The problem is, housework is often overlooked as work, even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases, more so) as any paid job. As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that “housework is not work, thus preventing women from struggling against it.”

【F】It’s not just inside the home, though. Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to display “surface acting,” or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt. “They expressed optimism, calmness and empathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling,” the study said.

【G】Surface acting is a prime example of “emotional labor,” a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay. The essay sparked a massive thread on the internet community blog MetaFilter. Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don’t do them. Like domestic labor, emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work. But research shows it can be just as exhausting as paid work. Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict. Sure, circumstantial stress, like losing a job, may lead to these same issues. But emotional labor is not circumstantial. It’s an enduring responsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.

【H】Like Ms. Li, many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr. Joyce said was an unattainable ideal. “Some professional women aim to do it all. They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom,” she said. When women don’t reach this ideal, they feel guilty; and even more stressed. After her own struggle with this, Ms. Li took a step back and used her experience to build Sanity & Self, a self-care app and platform for overworked women. “The realizations I had in that process helped me gain insights and ultimately got me ready to integrate self-care into my daily life,” she said.

【I】The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress, anxiety and heart health. Worse, most of what we know about heart disease comes from studies involving men. However, “there are many reasons to think that it’s different in women,” Harvard Medical School reported. For example, women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack. Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress. Many women also do not experience chest pain before a heart attack the way men do, which leads to fewer women discovering problematic heart issues. Harvard reports that women are “much more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack” and “many women say their physicians sometimes don’t even recognize the symptoms.”

【J】The good news is, women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it, the American Psychological Association reports. The concept of self-care, at its core, is quite simple. “The basics of adequate sleep, healthy diet and exercise are a good place to start,” Dr. Joyce said. “Support from trusted relationships is vital. This includes professional support from various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming.”

【K】Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it’s much easier said than done. It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place. “Get really specific with what’s stressing you out,” Ms. Li said. “We often chalk up our stress to broad experiences like work. But work stress can take many different forms. Is a colleague being disrespectful of your time? Is a boss undermining your day-to-day control over decision making? These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care.”

【L】Ideally, your spouse or partner will be supportive, rather than dismissive, of your stress. It is important to talk through these issues before they come to a head. “Women working outside of the home should make an effort to have a conscious conversation with their partners about more equitable sharing of household and family responsibilities,” Dr. Joyce said.

11、36. Some career women who aim high tend to feel guilty if they fail to achieve their goals.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

解析：H。根据题干中的career women、feel guilty和fail to achieve可定位至H段第二、三句。这两句主要是说，一些职业女性的目标是做到这一切。当女性达不到这个理想时，她们会感到内疚。题干中的career women是第二句中professional women的同义替换，aim high对应该句中的aim to do it all和want to reach the top，fail to achieve是第三句中don’t reach this ideal的同义替换，feel guilty原词复现，故题干是对H段第二、三句的同义概述。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

解析：E。根据题干中的unpaid housework和triple可定位至E段第二句。该句主要是说，联合国报告称，女性做的无偿家务几乎是男性的三倍。题干中的unpaid housework是第二句中unpaid domestic work的同义替换、triple是该句中的three times的同义替换，故题干是对E段第二句的同义转述。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

解析：C。根据题干中的It is reported、suffer和severe stress可定位至C段第二、三句。这两句提到，根据2016年发表在《大脑与行为杂志》上的一项研究，女性遭受严重压力和焦虑的可能性是男性的两倍，美国心理协会的报告显示，年复一年的性别差距表明，女性的压力水平一直更高。题干中的It is reported对应句中的a 2016 study和The American Psychological Association reports，suffer more from severe stress对应第二句twice as likely to suffer from severe stress，consistently原词复现，故题干是对C段第二、三句的同义概述。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

解析：K。根据题干中的the specific causes of their stress和steps can be taken可定位至K段。该段主要是讲，了解是什么导致了压力是很重要的，要非常明确是什么让人感到压力，接着又举例说明压力的不同原因，还指出这是可以从不同的自我护理中受益的。题干中的specific、causes、stress原词复现，steps can be taken to deal with it对应最后一句These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care，故题干是对K段部分内容的近义概括。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

解析：F。根据题干中的women managers、positive emotions和they didn’t really feel可定位至F段第二、三句。这两句提到，诺瓦东南大学的研究发现，女性管理者比男性管理者更有可能表现出“表层行为”，接着进行解释：他们表现出了乐观、冷静和同理心，即使这些不是他们真正感受到的情绪。题干中的One study对应第二句中Research from Nova Southeastern University和第三句中的the study，women managers和expressed原词复现，positive emotions是对第三句中的optimism, calmness and empathy的概括，they didn’t really feel对应句中these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling，故题干是对F段第二、三句的近义概述。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

解析：I。根据题干中的signs of heart attacks和symptoms of stress可定位至I段第四、五句。这两句主要是说，女性在心脏病发作前更有可能经历睡眠不安、焦虑和异常疲劳。压力过于正常化，以至于女性很容易将这些症状视为压力的后果，而不加理会。题干中的signs of heart attacks即第四句的disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue，symptoms of stress对应第五句的the consequences of stress，题干是对原文I段第四、五句的近义概括。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

解析：B。根据题干中的an app developer、busy attending to work and family和sleeplessness可定位至B段。第一句提到，李女士说她的压力导致了失眠。题干中的an app developer即李女士，根据A段可知李女士就是Meng Li, a successful app developer，sleeplessness原词复现，busy attending to work and family对应第三句中的busy caring for other people and work，故题干是对原文B段部分内容的同义概述。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

解析：G。根据题干中的emotional labor、noticed和not done可定位至G段第三、四句。这两句指出，成百上千的女性讲述了她们自己在情感劳动方面的经历：人们期望她们承担职责，却又忽视这一情况。这些无形的责任只有在不去做的时候才会显现出来。题干中的emotional labor原词复现，noticed对应第四句中的apparent，when it is not done是对when you don’t do them的同义替换，题干是对原文G段第三、四句的近义改写。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

解析：J。根据题干中的Dr. Joyce、professional support和experience severe stress可定位至J段最后两句。这两句直接引用乔伊斯博士的话：充足的睡眠、健康的饮食和锻炼是一个很好的起点。来自信任关系的支持至关重要。如果压力越来越大，还要寻求来自各种健康和保健渠道的专业支持。题干中的self-care是对倒数第二句中的adequate sleep, healthy diet and exercise的概括，professional support原词复现，experience severe stress对应最后一句中是stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming，故题干是对J段最后两句部分内容的同义转述。本题有一定干扰性的是L段，L段出现了Dr. Joyce、supportive和stress等与题干重合度较高的词，但重点是在讨论与配偶或伴侣的沟通，并没有提到专业支持（professional support），故L段排除。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

解析：D。根据题干中的Some people和may not exist a stress gap可定位至D段倒数第二句。该句提到，有些人可能会说，这只是报告的数据，而且在履行工作和家庭责任方面，许多男性和女性感到同样的压力。题干中的Some people believe对应该句中的Some people may argue，not exist a stress gap between men and women对应该句中的men feel the same pressures as women，题干是对原文D段倒数第二句的同义转述。

12、37. The unpaid housework done by women is triple that done by men.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

13、38. It is reported that women consistently suffer more from severe stress than men.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

14、39. Women are advised to identify the specific causes of their stress so that steps can be taken to deal with it.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

15、40. One study showed that women managers often expressed positive emotions that they didn’t really feel.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

16、41. Women tend to mistake signs of heart attacks for symptoms of stress.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

17、42. For a time an app developer in America was so busy attending to work and family that she suffered from sleeplessness.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

18、43. The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

19、44. Dr. Joyce suggests that apart from self-care, women should seek professional support if they experience severe stress.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

20、45. Some people believe that there may not exist a stress gap between men and women.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

答案解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。

37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。

38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。

39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。

40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。

41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。

42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。

43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。

44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。

45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。

Part III Reading Comprehension

As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?

Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.

Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm, rather than on generating new value.

Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.

If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.

It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run some estimates for Montréal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.

Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.

What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占), with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.

When employees are properly compensated, employer’s real estate savings will be modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices—such as lively atmosphere, rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees—will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.

21、46. What does the author say about working from home?

A It will become the norm sooner or later.

B It requires employees to adapt promptly.

C It benefits employers at the expense of employees.

D It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.

答案解析：

解析：C。根据题干中的working from home和题文同序原则可定位至文章前几段。第一段末尾提到，如果在家工作（working from home）成为常态，谁会受益？接着在第二段给出答案，雇主称，工作人员从办公室转到家中工作时，他们在房地产方面节省了大量资金。接着作者发表自己的观点：然而，这些节省下来的费用是由于将成本转嫁给了工作人员。C项符合题意，其中It benefits employers对应第二段第二句的these savings，即节省下来的房地产方面的费用，at the expense of employees对应第段第二句中的passing costs on to workers，故C项为正确答案。

错项排除：A项利用第一段第二句中的becomes the norm进行干扰，但原文是在说一种假设（if），并不是说在家工作迟早会变成常态，故排除A项。B项利用第一段开头的adapt进行干扰，但原文是描述一个事实（As），并不是说在家工作要求员工迅速适应，故B项错误。D项利用第一段中的cities进行干扰，但原文是说如果办公室仍然没有得到充分利用，城市可能会发生根本性的变化，并没有说城市会改造其基础设施，故D项排除。

22、47. Why do some people oppose working from home?

A It discourages team spirit.

B It invades employees’ privacy.

C It undermines traditional values.

D It negatively impacts productivity.

答案解析：

解析：D。根据题干中的oppose working from home可定位至文章第四段。由第四段的Though（虽然）的转折关系和are backed（支持）可知，第四段后半部分是讲反对在家工作的人的观点，该句提到，远程工作的扩展带来了孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下。D项与此内容相符，其中working from home对应该句的remote work，impacts productivity对应该句的reduced productivity，故D项为正确答案。

错项排除：A、B、C三项利用文中的个别词team、private、value进行干扰，但文中说的是团队建设（team-building），私人空间（private space）和创造的价值（value），并非team spirit、employee’s privacy和traditional values，故A、B、C三项错误。

23、48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montréal?

A To provide convincing data for serious discussion.

B To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.

C To show the impact of remote working on productivity.

D To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.

答案解析：

解析：A。根据题干中的estimates for Montréal可定位至原文第六段第二、三句。这两句指出，作者为了便于说明，以蒙特利尔为例进行了一些估算，这项工作虽然简单，但很重要，因为它将这些成本从臆测领域带到了有意义的讨论领域。由此可知，作者对蒙特利尔进行估算是为了脱离臆测，使讨论有意义，A项与此内容相符，故正确。

错项排除：B项的利用第六段第二句的illustrate进行干扰，但working patterns在文章中无依据，故排除。文章第四段中虽然提到远程工作对生产力的影响，但这是反对远程工作人士的观点，并非作者对蒙特利尔进行估算的原因，故C项错误。D项的affects the economy在文中无依据，故排除。

24、49. What can we conclude from the author’s calculations?

A There is no point in transferring office work to working from home.

B Employees can benefit as much from remote working as their employers.

C Employers’ gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.

D Effective measures should be taken to motivate employees to set up offices at home.

答案解析：

解析：C。根据题干中的author’s calculations可定位至原文第七段。该段提到，粗略计算表明，员工在家办公为雇主节省的费用，与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额（the compensation workers should receive）相当。由此可知，作者认为，远程工作为公司节约了房地产方面的成本，员工因此而在家设立办公室的行为是应该获得补偿的，C项与此内容相符，其中gain from remote working对应第七段的the savings made by employers when their staff works from home，compensation原词复现，故C项为正确答案。

错项排除：文中一直围绕 transferring office work to working from home展开，但A项中的no point在文中无依据，故排除。文中多次提到远程工作可以为雇主节省房地产方面的资金，第八段提到这是将成本转嫁到员工身上，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。D项利用第七段的setting up offices at home进行干扰，但文中并没有说要激励这种行为，故D项排除。

25、50. What is the author’s opinion on working from home?

A It should be avoided if possible.

B It is only a temporary measure.

C It can reduce companies’ real estate costs.

D It may affect employees’ corporate loyalty.

答案解析：

解析：A。根据题干中the author’s opinion和题文同序原则可定位至原文最后一段。该段主要是讲，远程办公如果补偿雇员，雇主利润就不会太多了。这种情况下，在办公室工作的许多优势就会凸显出来。最后一句中提到应该像2013年的雅虎一样，鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公空间工作（encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space）。由此可推断出，作者的态度是鼓励在办公室工作，也就是避免在家工作，A项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。

错项排除：B项的temporary在原文中无依据，故排除。文章中提到在家办公会为雇主降低成本的事实，但后来作者又指出这是一种侵占行为，故C项排除。D项的employees’ corporate loyalty在文章中无依据，故排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension

The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.

While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.

Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.

Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.

Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.

But curiosity often comes with a cost.

In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.

Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.

26、51. What does the author say about curiosity?

A It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.

B It is the force that pushes human society forward.

C It is a unique trait specific to the human race.

D It is often the major cause for human failures.

答案解析：

解析：B。根据curiosity和题文同序原则可定位至原文第一段。第一句提到，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展的驱动力，后面又说到好奇心也可能是危险的，会导致挫折甚至失败，与上一句好奇心有利的方面形成对比。B项与第一句内容相符，第一句中的thirst for knowledge对应curiosity，the driving force behind our successful development对应B项的the force that pushes human society forward，故B项为正确答案。

错项排除：原文第一段最后一句提到，考虑其复杂性（complexity），科学家们（scientists）发现很难定义好奇心，并不是说好奇心太复杂非科学家难以理解，故A项排除。第五段第二句说到，好奇心是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是成年人类探索和寻找新事物的动力，由此可知，好奇心并非人类所特有，故C项排除。第一段第二句虽然提到，好奇心也可能是危险的，但并没有说好奇心是人类失败的主要原因，故D项排除。

27、52. What is the general understanding of curiosity?

A It motivates people to seek information.

B It is destined to transform human genes.

C It does people more good than harm.

D It underlies all human behaviors.

答案解析：

解析：A。根据题干中的general understanding可定位至原文第二段第一句。该句提到，虽然要确切说明一个定义已被证明很难，但普遍的共识是，它是收集信息的某种手段。题干中的general understanding是该句中general consensus的同义替换，A项的seek information对应该句中的information gathering，故A项为正确答案。

错项排除：B项利用原文中多次出现的human和genes进行干扰，但transform在文中无依据，故B项排除。C项的more good than、D项的underlies all human behaviors在文章都无依据，故均可排除。

28、53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?

A They determine people’s way of thinking.

B They account for age differences in learning.

C They enable people to undertake massive tasks.

D They work in conjunction with the environment.

答案解析：

解析：D。根据题干中的genes shape people’s behavior可定位至原文第三段最后一句。该句指出，基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个人并引导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。D项与此内容相符，其中的work in conjunction对应该句中的interact in many complex ways，故D项为正确答案。

错项排除：A项的people’s way of thinking在文章中无依据，故A项错误。文章中虽然提到了婴儿和成年人，但并没有说明他们学习上的差异，故B项排除。C项利用第四段中的gigantic task进行干扰，但原文只是说好奇心是人类完成这项艰巨任务的工具之一，“这项艰巨任务”指的是前面提到的“在短时间内学习大量信息”，并不是说“大量任务”，C项语义理解偏差，故排除。

29、54. What do numerous studies show about infants?

A They are far more curious than adults.

B They prefer to go after all that is novel.

C They have different interests than adults.

D They show non-human animal behaviors.

答案解析：

解析：B。根据题干中的numerous studies和infants可定位至原文第五段第一句。该句提到，数百项研究（numerous studies）表明，婴儿喜欢新奇事物胜过（旧事物）。B项与此内容相符，其中prefer原词复现，all that is novel是该句中novelty的同义替换，故B项为正确答案。

错项排除：文章中虽然提到了婴儿、动物、成年人的好奇心，但并没有对比婴儿和成年人的好奇心，故A项排除。C项的interests在文章中未提及，故排除。D项利用文中出现的non-human animal和behaviors进行干扰，但两词在文中并无关联，故D项排除。

30、55. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?

A The cost of humans’ curiosity to explore.

B The incredible harshness of cold weather.

C The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.

D The importance of learning from past failures.

答案解析：

解析：A。根据题干中的the Inuit people of the Arctic regions可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。接着举北极地区的因纽特人的例子来说明，他们中数万人曾经试图在这些极具挑战性的环境中生存，但都失败了。由此可知，作者用因纽特人举例是为了说明好奇心有时需要付出的代价。A项与此内容相符，其中的curiosity to explore对应最后一段第一句中的testing out a new idea，cost对应该句中的disaster，故A项为正确答案。

错项排除：B项利用最后一段第二句的incredible进行干扰，但文中说的是因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候中的挑战，并不是难以置信的寒冷天气，故B项排除。C项利用第一句中的idea进行干扰，但原文是说测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难，并不是新想法源于好奇心，故C项排除。D项的learning from past failures在原文中无依据，故排除。

喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！

2021年12月阅读（第三套）

最热门资讯

JAVA工程师面试指导--猎头内部资料

常见面试问题100问！