Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the (26)_____ of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses (27)_____ on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example—or one row in front of or behind that individual—had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very (28)_____ chance of getting sick, according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented (29)_____ information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less (30)_____ to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.
Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting (31)_____ infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to (32)_____ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different (33)_____ in the U.S. during flu season. The researchers found that passengers sitting within two seats on (34)_____ side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were (35)_____ safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词different，空格后为介词短语in the U.S.，且different前有数词10，因此空格处应填入名词复数形式。名词选项中符合要求的只有explorations和flights，结合前文可知，文章一直在讲飞机上感染呼吸道疾病的几率，因此选flights，填入空格意为“研究小组美国的10趟不同的航班”。
A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own
【A】Getting around a city is one thing—and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”
【B】 “The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. “From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,” says Kasarda. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport.”
【C】Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.
【D】Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. “I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning. “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”
【E】The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.
【F】The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in the middle of the day, when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, vice-president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing. Shimmering (闪烁的) glass towers line the canal’s edge.
【G】 “What’s happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live here,” Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.
【H】But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.
【I】Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.
【J】Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.
11、36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
12、37. The man who conceived Songdo feels
disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
13、38. A scene in a popular South Korean
music video was shot in Songdo.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
14、39. Songdo still lacks the financial
stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
15、40. Airplanes will increasingly become
the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
16、41. Songdo has ended up different from
the city it was supposed to be.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
17、42. Some of the people who work in
Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
18、43. A business professor says that a
future city should have easy access to international transportation.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
19、44. According to an urban design
professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen in
the future.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
20、45. Park Yeon Soo, who envisioned
Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
答案解析：36. 松岛受欢迎的程度更多取决于它的生活品质而不是商业吸引力。
解析：F。根据题干中的popularity, quality of life, business attraction可定位至F段中间部分，本段主要讲松岛新城的入住及使用率。本段开始说这不是一座空城，可以看到推着婴儿车的母亲及老妇人在其中生活，接着又说到And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one.题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选F。
解析：B。根据题干中的airplanes、transportation可定位至B段，本段开始讲到，18世纪靠水运，19世纪靠铁路，20世纪靠公路、汽车和卡车，都是在讲交通运输。接着说到the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century（21世纪将越来越依赖航空），题干是对本句的同义转述，因此选B。
41. 松岛最终变成了一个与原本定位不同的城市。
解析：E。根据题干中的different, was supposed to be可定位至E段，本段开头说这座城市本应成为跨国公司的枢纽，但事实并非如此。题干是对E段首句的概括总结，因此选E。
42. 一些在松岛工作的人会抱怨工作场所很无聊。
解析：H。根据题干中的work in Songdo, complain, boredom和in the workplace可定位至H段，本段主要讲述一位在松岛工作的女士，称在松岛的工作日为“监狱”，周五晚上离开松岛为“越狱”。由此可知，松岛的工作和生活很无聊，题干反映了H段所表达的这一内容，因此选H。
43. 一位商科教授说未来城市的国际交通应该很便捷。
解析：A。根据题干中的a business professor, a future city和international transportation可定位至A段。本段第二句讲未来城市的一个愿景是有便捷的航空交通方式，中间部分一位商科教授Kasarda说未来城市应该建在机场附近，也就是应该交通便利。题干是对A段内容的同义概述，因此选A。
解析：C。根据朴延秀和a parental connection可定位至C段。a parental connection是对本段中considers Songdo his baby的同义转述，故题干是对C段第五句的同义转述，因此选C。
Part III Reading Comprehension
The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.
Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.
The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.
While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.
“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”
An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a “grocery tax”.
Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not ‘just Berkeley’ anymore.”
Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.
21、46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?
A It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.
B It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.
C It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.
D It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.
答案解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia可定位至原文第一段。原文首段的soda tax指的就是题干中的newly-approved soda tax。第二段第二句提到，该项新措施（new measure）为全国范围内的类似行动设立了新的标准。这表明，对含糖饮料征税可以在超自由主义地区之外赢得大量支持。也就是说，这项新政策会鼓励其他地区进行效仿，故正确答案为B。A和D两项内容在原文并未提及，故排除。C项利用low-income communities进行干扰，原文倒数第二段出现了poorer communities，但该句说的是“用于对贫困地区进行再投资”，并没有说到会减少低收入社区的饮料消费，故C项错误。
22、47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?
23、48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?
A It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.
B It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.
C It kept sending letters of protest to the media.
D It criticized the measure through advertising.
答案解析：
解析：D。通过题干中的industry-backed anti-tax campaign可定位至原文第六段。该段指出，一个由行业支持的反饮料税运动已经在广告宣传上花费了至少400万美元。广告里都在批评这一税收政策，称其为“杂货税”。D项中的criticized the measure为原词复现，故正确答案为D。其余三项并未在文中提及，故排除。
24、49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?
A Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.
B Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.
C Add to the fund for their research on diseases.
D Benefit low-income people across the country.
答案解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的public health groups可定位至倒数第二段首句。该句提到，公共卫生组织对通过的这项税收表示赞同，认为它有助于解决困扰美国人的某些长期健康问题。B项中的fix certain long-time health issues对应原文中的fixing certain lasting health issues，故正确答案为B。A 项用disease设置干扰，但原文倒数第二段提到了几种疾病，但并没有说明提醒人们注意由糖引起的疾病的风险，故A项错误。原文倒数第二段第二句说到，为了重新投资于贫困社区，制药行业曾在贫困社区推广一种会治疗糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的产品，而从该行业获得的利润中抽取一小部分用于再投资，这一举措肯定会鼓舞许多其他地方。这部分不能体现碳酸饮料税为疾病研究增加资金或惠及全国低收入人群，故C和D两项排除。
25、50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?
A They are becoming rather sensitive issues.
B They are spreading panic in the soda industry.
C They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.
D They are taking away a lot of profit from the soda industry.
答案解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的similar measures可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，加利福尼亚州的奥尔巴尼、奥克兰、旧金山和科罗拉多州博尔德采取的类似措施正在成为热点话题。题干中的other cities指的就是原文中的California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder，A项中的sensitive issues对应原文中的hot-button issues，故正确答案为A。B和C两项在原文中并未提及，故排除。D项中的profit虽然在原文中提及，但没有关于其他城市攫取大量利润的描述，故排除。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, and Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing many microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.
A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwave, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.
However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.
26、51. What is the finding of the new study?
A Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.
B The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.
C CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.
D The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.
答案解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的new study可定位至原文首段第一句。该句后半句提到，把食物丢进微波炉加热几分钟也许看起来不算什么，但有一项新研究发现，欧洲所有这种能够快速烹饪的微波炉的碳排放量，竟然与近700万辆汽车的碳排放量不相上下，而且这个问题正在变得日益严峻。D项中的microwaves emits为原词复现，more CO2 than people think是原文中as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars的同义转述，故正确答案为D。A项的popular和B项的do harm to our health在原文中并没有体现，故排除。C项利用environment进行干扰，原文第二段引号里的内容出现了impact on the environment，但该句说的是“给环境带来最大影响的是微波炉的电力消耗”，并没有说明二氧化碳的排放对环境构成很大威胁，C项属于无中生有，故错误。
27、52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?
A They are becoming more affordable.
B They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.
C They are getting much easier to operate.
D They take less time to cook than other appliances.
答案解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的sales of microwaves可定位至原文首段最后一句。该句说到，微波炉在欧盟的年销售量预计将达到1.35亿台。This is pushing sales of new microwaves中的This指代的即是题干中所问的原因。定位句前一句说到，随着厨房电器的成本越来越低，并且逐渐成为“地位”的象征，平均每8年就会有一批微波炉被扔掉。结合这两句理解，This所指的就是这一现状，A项的more affordable是原文中With costs falling的同义转述，故正确答案为A。其余三项在原文中并未提及，故排除。
28、53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?
A Cooking food of different varieties.
B Improving microwave users’ habits.
C Eating less to cut energy consumption.
D Using microwave ovens less frequently.
答案解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的recommendation, study和University of Manchester可定位至原文第二段。该段首句介绍了曼彻斯特大学的一项研究，随后第四句说到，该研究还指出，要想降低能耗，需要集中力量提升消费者的意识和行为，以更有效地使用电器。B项中的improving microwave users’ habits是原文中improving consumer awareness and behavior的同义替换，故正确答案为B。其余三项在原文中均未提及，故排除。
29、54. What dose professor David Reay try to argue?
A There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.
B People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.
C The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.
D More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.
30、55. What dose Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?
A It will become less popular in the coming decades.
B It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.
C It plays a positive role in environmental protection.
D It consumes more power than conventional cooking.
答案解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的David Reay和the use of microwaves可定位至原文最后两句。该部分说到，微波炉的耗能比其他任何一种烹饪方式所消耗的能量都要低。在常见的厨房烹饪用品中，微波炉最能节省能源，其次才是烤炉和标准烤箱。因此，微波炉的销量上升应该算是一件好事。由“微波炉最能节省能源”可推断出，使用微波炉对保护环境有积极作用，故正确答案为C。A和B两项在原文并未提及，故排除。原文倒数第二、三句指出，微波炉的耗能比其他任何一种烹饪方式所消耗的能量都要低，因此微波炉最能节省能源，微波炉应该是比传统方式更省电，故D项错误。
