2019年12月阅读（第三套）

Part III Reading Comprehension

When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or (26)_____ the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is (27)_____ , and the label says “pure water”. But maybe what’s inside is not so (28)_____. Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world (29)_____ microplastics？

That’s the conclusion of a recently (30)_____ study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, (31)_____ an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a (32)_____ commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and (33)_____ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.

Confronted with this (34)_____ , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the (35)_____ health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.

1、 (1)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句中or连接两个并列的成分，空格前为or，空格后为名词词组。本句是在描绘假想的两种情况，空格前说的是在泰国岛屿漫步（wandering），因此空格所填的形式应与wandering一致。根据句意，遗址应该是用于参观欣赏的，-ing形式的动词中只有admiring代入空格能构成合理语义，意为“欣赏吴哥窟的遗迹”，故选admiring。

27. sealed

解析：空格前为is，推断空格处应填入动词分词形式，与is一同构成谓语，或者填入形容词形式构成主系表结构。根据句意，新买到的水，瓶口应该是“密封”的，故应选sealed。

28. natural

解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主语为what’s inside，谓语是be动词is，空格前有副词so修饰，故应填入形容词作表语。上文提到，瓶子是密封的，标签上写着“纯净水”，而此句表转折，应与前面提到的“纯净”形成对比，故填入natural，意为“但也许里面的成分不是那么天然”，符合题意。

29. contains

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句是knew之后that引导的宾语从句，句子缺少谓语动词，是一般现在时，主语是不可数名词water，故应用三单形式的动词作谓语，选项中符合要求的有contains和solves。再根据句意，塑料微粒应该是瓶装水中含有的，contains代入原句符合题意。

30. released

解析：空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前面为副词，后面为名词，因此应该填入形容词或分词作定语。根据句意，最新的一项研究应该是被“发布”的，故填入过去分词released作定语，意为“最近公布的一项研究”，符合题意。

31. revealing

解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为which引导的非限制性定语从句，空格后面接的是名词短语用来表明研究的结果，故空格应填入动词现在分词作结果状语。根据句意，调查结果应该是揭示了后面的现象，将revealing代入句中，意为“结果揭示了平均每升水含有325颗塑料微粒这一事实”，符合题意。

32. substance

解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句子缺少宾语成分，空格前为冠词a，故空格应填入名词作宾语，符合这一要求的有liquid和substance。再根据句意，应该是这些塑料微粒里面包含一种叫做PET的物质，将substance代入符合题意。

33. liquid

解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句子中and连接并列成分containers和clothing and food，空格位于名词前，故应该填入形容词作定语。根据上下文，and 前面说的是PET用于衣服和食品加工，以及____容器生产，形容词中只有liquid代入文中符合题意。

34. evidence

解析：名词辨析题。空格前面有代词this, 空格处应填入名词和this一起作with 介词后面的宾语，结合上文提到的许多关于瓶装水不安全的事例，这从某种意义上可以作为瓶装水危害健康的证据，因此空格处应填入evidence，符合题意。

35. potential

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词，故空格处应填入形容词修饰名词，根据上文，因为瓶装水的安全风险到底如何还没有确定的结论，所以此处评估的应该是潜在的风险，将potential代入句中意为“世界卫生组织对瓶装水的潜在安全风险进行评估”，符合题意。

2、 (2)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

3、 (3)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

4、 (4)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

5、 (5)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

6、 (6)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

7、 (7)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

8、 (8)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

9、 (9)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

10、 (10)

A instant

B evidence

C contains

D modified

E defending

F potential

G adequate

H natural

I revealing

J sealed

K liquid

L solves

M substance

N released

O admiring

答案解析：

名词

evidence 证明；证据

instant 瞬间；片刻

liquid 液体；液态物

natural 有天赋的人

potential 可能性

substance 物质；物品

动词

admiring 欣赏；赞美

contains 包含；容纳

defending 防御；保卫

modified 改；变更

released 释放；发布

revealing 显露；揭露

sealed 密封；盖章

solves 解决；解答

形容词

adequate 足够的；合格的

admiring 赞赏的，羡慕的

instant 立刻的；紧迫的

liquid 液体的；流畅的

natural 自然的；天生的

potential 潜在的

revealing 揭露真相的；暴露的

sealed 密封的

26. admiring

27. sealed

28. natural

29. contains

30. released

31. revealing

32. substance

33. liquid

34. evidence

35. potential

Part III Reading Comprehension

The quiet heroism of mail delivery

【A】On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica (南极洲), Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights were canceled.

【B】Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery. “Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced Wednesday morning, “the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations.” Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.

【C】As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017’s Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.

【D】Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机) caught footage (连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. “I followed my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I came across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so we picked those up and carried on.”

【E】USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.

【F】As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers (邮递员) start distributing accumulated mail on the still accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.

【G】Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.

【H】It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.

【I】Mail companies are logistics (物流) companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think we’re unique as a federal agency,” USPS official Mike Swigart told me, “because we’re in literally every community in this country…We’re obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.”

【J】Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. “We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving” he said.

【K】Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. “When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “that’s the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”

11、36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

答案解析：36. 美国邮政服务有一套确保员工安全的系统。

2019年12月阅读（第三套）

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