Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most (26)_____ predators (食肉动物), killer whales may not fit the (27)_____ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly (28)_____ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.
The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere”, which (29)_____ means “to cultivate”. In other words, it refers to anything that is (30)_____ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic (31)_____ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to (32)_____ in their cold climate.
Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different (33)_____ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that (34)_____ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to (35)_____ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.
1、 (1)
A humble
B refined
C revolves
D extends
E brutal
F habitats
G acquired
H structure
I literally
J thrive
K deliberately
L image
M adaptations
N expressed
O speculate
答案解析:
名词
adaptations 适应
habitats 栖息地
image 图象;形象
structure 结构;构造
动词
acquired 习得;获得
expressed 表达;表示
extends 延伸;扩展
humble感到谦卑;击败
refined 精炼;提纯
revolves 旋转;循环
speculate 推测;思索
structure 组织;建造
thrive 繁荣;兴旺
形容词
brutal 野蛮的;凶残的
humble 谦虚的;简陋的
refined 精确的;有教养的
副词
deliberately 故意地
literally 字面上地
26. brutal
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
解析:形容词辨析题。空格前为one of the most,空格后为名词复数predators,空格处应填入形容词修饰predators。前文提到了虎鲸(killer whales),此处句意为“最为____的食肉动物之一”,在形容词中只有brutal(野蛮的)能与predators(食肉动物)搭配,故此处应填入brutal。
Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year-olds
【A】Broad demographic (人口的) shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014, for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.
【B】This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.
【C】By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.
【D】It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.
【E】Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).
【F】In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.
【G】A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.
【H】In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.
【I】Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.
【J】The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.
【K】Beyond gender, young adults’ living arrangements differ considerably by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.
11、36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
12、37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
13、38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
14、39. Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents’ home.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
15、40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
16、41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
17、42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
18、43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
19、44. The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
20、45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析:36. 相比有工作的年轻男性,无业的男性更可能会和父母一起住。
解析:H。首先在题目中锁定定位词unemployed young men和than the employed,定位至文中H段。H段前两句指出,就业率和薪资的变化趋势都进一步影响了年轻人和父母住在一起的现象。年轻男性中,有工作的人比没有工作的人住在家里的可能性小。Unemployed young men对应原文中的young men without a job,the employed对应原文中的Employed men,题目是对H段第二句话的的同义转述,故H项正确。
37. 在2014年,18岁至34岁的男性与父母同住的比例高于同龄女性。
解析:E。首先在题目中锁定定位词In 2014, men aged 18 to 34和female counterparts,定位至原文E段。E段第三句开始出现定位词In 2014,随后指出,28%的年轻男性在自己家中与配偶同住,而35%的人与父母或父母其中一方同住;而年轻女性有35%与配偶同住,29%与父母同住。根据文章的数据,可知与父母同住的男性(35%)比与父母同住的女性(29%)比例更高,符合题目the percentage...was greater的表述,故答案为E。
38. 在过去三十年左右的时间里,已婚或与伴侣同住的年轻人大幅度减少。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定定位词young people who are married or live with a partner和past three decades,定位至G段。G段最后一句指出,虽然年轻人同居比例在增加,但1990年以来,已婚或与未婚伴侣同住的年轻人的总体比例大幅度减少。后半句内容与题目一致,因此G项正确。
39. 大约在20世纪中期,18岁至34岁之间的人中只有20%住在父母家里。
解析:B。首先在题目中锁定定位词20 percent和mid-20th century,定位至B段。该段中提到,在1960年左右,18至34岁之间的人有62%与自己的配偶或伴侣住在一起,而只有五分之一的人与父母同住。题目的20 percent是原文中one-in-five的同义替换,lived in their parents’ home为原文were living with their parents的同义转述,因此B正确。
40. 拥有大学学历的年轻人发现离开父母独自生活更容易。
解析:K。首先在题目中锁定定位词college degree和easier to live independently,可定位到K段。K段第三、四句指出,18至34岁的人中,未获得学士学位者有36%与父母同住,27%的人与配偶或伴侣同住。在大学毕业生中,46%的人已经结婚或与伴侣同住,只有19%的人与父母住在一起。这两句通过数据说明了拥有大学学位的人不和父母同住的比例更高。第五句指出,拥有大学学历的人比受教育程度低的同龄人在找工作时更顺利,进而使他们更容易建立起自己的家庭。这一句论述了题目中easier的原因,因此K段为正确选项。
解析:G。首先在题目中锁定关键词get married late和stay single all their lives,定位到G段。G段第三至第五句指出,人们平均初婚年龄在几十年来有所上升。除此之外,选择不结婚的年轻人也增多了。皮尤研究中心的一项分析表明,如今多达四分之一的年轻人可能会终身不结婚。题目的get married late和原文的average age of first marriage has risen相对应,题目的a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether对应stay single all their lives,因此G项正确。
Part III Reading Comprehension
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
21、46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?
A They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
答案解析:
D。根据题目关键词Americans、women leaders和Pew Research Center survey定位到第一段。第一段第三句指出,皮尤研究中心对女性和领导力的一项新的调查显示,大多数美国人认为,在智力和创新能力等关键领导特质上,女性与男性没有什么区别。D选项意为女性和男性的智力和创造力水平一样,与原文表述一致,故选D。C项利用stronger作干扰,但原文说的是很多人认为,就热情和有组织的领导者而言,女性比男性更强,并没有提到willpower(意志力),故C项错误。
22、47. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?
A They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
答案解析:
C。根据题目中的关键词previous survey findings可定位到第三段。第三段第二句指出,经济研究和过去调查结果表明,女性因为生育而导致职业生涯中断,可能会使女性更难在职业生涯中获得晋升,也更难竞争高管职位。也就是说,过去的研究表明女性事业受阻与她们在家庭中的责任有关,与C项表述相同,因此选C。原文只是说女性在竞争高级领导的路上困难重重,而非女性在成功之路上遇到了不可逾越的困难,A项表述偷换概念,故排除。B项关键词lacking in confidence在原文中未提及,故排除。D项表示只有很少女性会在事业进步方面受阻,与原文相悖,故排除。
23、48. What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?
24、49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?
A More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
答案解析:
D。根据题目定位词corporate America in the near future定位到第五段的第一句。定位句指出,尽管女性在职场上取得了重大进步,但在可预见的未来,美国企业内部的不平衡状况是否会发生改变,公众的看法还是存在分歧。原文的is divided about对应D项的have opposing opinions,原文的whether the imbalance…change对应D项whether it will have more women leaders(女性领导者是否会变得更多),因此D项正确。公众对是否会有更多女性进入领导层意见不一,而A项和B项都是肯定的表述,因此A、B两项排除。文章开头即指出,大多数人认为女性在关键的领导特质上和男性没有差别,且很多人认为女性领导者更热情,组织能力更强,可见并不是undecided,故C项错误。
25、50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?
A A woman in the highest position of government.
B More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C A majority of women voting for a female president.
D As many women in top government positions as men.
答案解析:
A。根据题目关键词American expect和America’s political stage定位到最后一段。该段最后一句指出,在政治方面,美国人的看法更坚定,受访的美国人中有73%希望在有生之年看到女性担任总统。A项中the highest position of government即指总统,因此A项正确。原文未提及是否有更多女性参政,也没有提及大多数女性会为女性总统候选人投票,故B、C两项排除。最后一段提到,44%的人认为担任高层管理职位的女性迟早会和男性一样多,原文说的是top executive positions,并非top government positions,而且44%也并不是大多数美国人,故D项错误。
Part III Reading Comprehension
People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.
The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says that the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.
A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people.”
But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.
“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”
26、51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?
A There is a remarkable difference across continents.
B There has been a marked increase in most countries.
C The increase in people’s height has been quickening.
D The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.
答案解析:
B。根据题目关键词people’s height和the last hundred years定位到原文第一段。该段首句即指出,在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,之后以韩国女性和伊朗男性的身高增长为例,引出一项全球性的调查:从1914年到2014年,世界上两百个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高变化。最后一段第一句中的the global trend of increasing height(全球性的身高增长趋势)也点明了在绝大多数国家,人们的平均身高有所增加,故B项正确。原文提到非洲的一些国家的人身高下降,但这是个例,并非各洲之间有显著差异,故A项错误。C项表示人类身高的增长越来越快,原文没有提及,故错误。D项表示女性身高的增长幅度比男性大,原文没有提及,故排除。
27、52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?
A It counts less than generally thought.
B It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.
C It impacts more on an individual than on a population.
D It plays a more significant role in females than in males.
答案解析:
C。根据关键词James Bentham和genetics定位至第三段。该段指出,詹姆斯·边沁认为全球身高增长趋势的主要原因更可能是营养状况和医疗保健的提高。他补充道:“一个人的基因对其身高有很大影响,但一旦把他们的身高平均到整个群体中,基因的作用就不那么重要了。”可见詹姆斯的观点是基因在个体身高中起到的作用超过在群体身高平均值中起到的作用,C项为该观点的同义转述,故答案为C。A项表示基因没有人们想得那么重要,与原文的An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height相悖,故错误。B项利用nutrition and healthcare作干扰,但原文说的是詹姆斯认为全球身高增长的趋势可能主要是由于营养和医疗保健的改善,并不是说遗传比营养和医疗保健更重要,故B错误。D项在原文中并未提及,故排除。
28、53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?
A They tend to live longer.
B They enjoy an easier life.
C They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.
D They have greater expectations in life.
答案解析:
A。根据关键词Elio Riboli和taller people定位到第四段。该段第二句伊利奥指出,个子越高的人预期寿命越长。由此可知,个子高的人更可能活得更长,所以A项正确。B项easier life在文中未提及,故排除。原文只是说个子高的人死于心血管疾病的风险较低,并不能表明他们患致命疾病的风险更低,故C项错误。D项的expectations in life在原文没有提及,注意原文说的是life expectancy(预期寿命),而expectations in life表示“生活中期待的事”,故D项错误。
29、54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?
A They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.
B They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.
C They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.
D They have experienced many changes of government.
答案解析:
B。根据关键词18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger定位到第五段最后一句。定位句指出乌干达和尼日尔人的平均身高虽然在20世纪早期有所增加,近年来他们18岁年轻人的平均身高却下降了。也就是说,他们比上一代的人更矮了,因此B项正确。A项的grow up slower在原文没有提及,故排除。C项表示他们的潜力无法全部发挥出来,而原文在第六段中说到的是他们的身高潜力无法得到充分发挥,故排除C项。D项指他们经历了多次政府变动,原文没有提及,故排除。
30、55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?
A Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.
B Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.
C Try every means possible to improve our environment.
D Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.
答案解析:
D。根据关键词James Bentham可定位到最后一段。本段最后一句为詹姆斯提出的观点:如果我们能给孩子们一个最好的人生开端,他们在接下来的几十年间就会变得更健康,也会具有更强的工作能力。D项的grow up in an ideal environment与原文中the best possible start in life相符,因此选D。A、B两项在原文中均未提及,故排除。C项的重点在improve our environment(改善环境),而原文只是说要为孩子创造一个最好的成长环境,C项偷换概念,故排除。