2018年12月阅读（第二套）

Part III Reading Comprehension

A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold which ended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different (26)_____ I tried, I still couldn’t get rid of the cough. Not only did it (27)_____ my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and (28)_____ traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was (29)_____ because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much (30)_____ that I couldn’t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new (31)_____ to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping (刮) treatment known as “Gua Sha”. I was a little (32)_____ at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the (33)_____ strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to (34)_____ deeper into relaxation. I didn’t feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to (35)_____. Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!

1、 (1)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

deepen 加深；加剧；experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 给……带来不便；lessen 减轻；pressured 施压；recommended 推荐；remedies 补救；改正；scared 惊吓；sink 下沉；tremble 颤抖；

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词，空格处应填入名词，作后面定语从句I tried的宾语，根据前面的how many，可知此处应该填入名词复数。结合后半句“咳嗽始终不好”可知，此处应该是说“尝试了多种治疗方式”，故选remedies。

27. inconvenience

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为倒装结构，使用了助动词did，故空格处应该填入动词原形作谓语。前文指出感冒引发的咳嗽一直不见好转，此处指出，这对我的教学和整个生活______。根据常识可知，生病会给生活“带来不便”，故选inconvenience。

28. recommended

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为并列连词and，空格后核心词为名词，故空处应该填入动词过去式与came up to并列。显然scared不能和“中医”搭配，且结合上下文可推断，学生找作者是为了推荐治疗咳嗽的方式，故选recommended。

29. hesitant

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词was，故空格处应该填入形容词，作表语。空后的句子表示“我对中医知之甚少且从未尝试过”，由此可推断作者对中医的态度应该是不确定、犹豫的，故选hesitant。

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

解析：名词辨析题。空格前为形容词new，空格后为介词to，空处应该填入名词。本句中both指前面的“把脉”和“看舌头”两件事，故空处应该填入名词复数，指代这两种体验，故选experiences。

32. scared

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为a little，表示程度，主系结构为I was，空处为句子表语，故此处应填入形容词。结合后文“因为他使用一种边缘光滑的工具刮我脖子和肩膀上的皮肤”，从未体验过刮痧的人，对这种经历应该是感到害怕的，故选scared。

33. pressured

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词strokes，故空处应该填入形容词作定语，修饰strokes。从前文的scraping（刮），可知动作是有压力的，故选pressured。

34. sink

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为不定式标志词to，故空处应该填入动词原形。而后面宾语前有介词into，可知此处应该填入不及物动词，只有sink和tremble两个备选项满足条件。tremble不和into搭配，且与relaxation（放松）意义相悖，故选sink。sink into表示“陷入”。

35. lessen

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为不定式标志词to，故空处应该填入动词原形。本句中有转折词but，故前后语义相反。前半句指出作者没有感到好转，后半句则应该是表示好转，且最后一句指出，几周内咳嗽完全好了，可见空处应该是表示病情减轻，故选lessen。

2、 (2)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

3、 (3)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

4、 (4)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

5、 (5)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

6、 (6)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

7、 (7)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

8、 (8)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

9、 (9)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

10、 (10)

A licenses

B experiences

C temporary

D inconvenience

E tremble

F worse

G deepen

H lessen

I hesitant

J scared

K pressured

L recommended

M sink

N sensitive

O remedies

答案解析：

名词：

experiences 经历；体验；inconvenience 不便；licenses 许可证；许可；remedies 疗法；sink 水槽；

动词：

形容词：

hesitant 犹豫的；pressured 受压的；产生压力的；scared 害怕的；sensitive 敏感的；temporary 暂时的；worse 更糟的

副词：

worse 更严重地

26. remedies

27. inconvenience

28. recommended

29. hesitant

30. worse

解析：形容词辨析题。空前为副词much，故空处应该填入形容词，so much通常修饰比较级，故选worse。疾病+get worse表示“病情加重”。

31. experiences

32. scared

33. pressured

34. sink

35. lessen

Part III Reading Comprehension

Is it really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?

【A】When you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won’t have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.

【B】While the “five-second rule” might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it’s still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.

【C】So is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛) that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It’s a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.

【D】Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it’s probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.

【E】In fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, “But you can always pick it up and if you’re alone in the kitchen, who’s going to see it?” But the misremembered story persists. It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.

【F】So what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of your food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in a research project at the University of Illinois. Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖) and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.

【G】But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood. Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.

【H】We found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn’t depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a few seconds or for a whole minute. The overall amount of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what’s at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.

【I】We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48%-70% of bacteria were.

【J】Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters (参数) to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87% of people asked either would eat or have eaten food fallen on the floor.

【K】Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. But the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.

【L】And it’s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination. Bacteria are carried by various “media”, which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷嚏). Hands, foods and utensils (器皿) can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizers (清洁剂) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.

【M】So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.

【N】Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is to keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.

11、A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析：36. 一项研究项目发现，细菌在五秒钟内就能转移到地板上的食物上。

2018年12月阅读（第二套）

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