A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some (26)_____skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.
Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban (27)_____, but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the (28)_____ of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive (29)_____ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.
Rats are often (30)_____ with spreading disease rather than (31)_____ it, but this long-tailed animal is highly (32)_____. Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors（嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect (33)_____ smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to (34)_____ a sample is infected.
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to (35)_____, but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.
Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
【A】 I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
【B】Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.
【C】 As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”
【D】 He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction to Congress”. Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
【E】Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams. “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”
【F】 Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.
【G】Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”
【H】 How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.
【I】 Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”
【J】 If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.
【K】 Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be a piece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.
11、36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
12、37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
13、38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
14、39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
15、40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
16、41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
17、42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
18、43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
19、44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
20、45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
答案解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词elderly和hard to keep up with，从而定位到I段段首。题干中elderly是对原文中advanced age的同义转述，hard to keep up with the rapid changes是对原文中inability to access the information as quickly的同义转述。题目是对I段这一内容的同义转述。
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students’ performance in other courses.
[E] “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词take-home exams和performance，从而定位到E段引语处。题目中的affect是对原文中risk的同义替换，in other courses是对原文中in other end-of-term work的同义替换。题目是对E段这一内容的同义转述。
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
[C] He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词ultimately more helpful，从而定位到C段。题目中的ultimately more helpful to students是对原文中students ultimately learn more的同义转述。题目是对C段这一内容的同义转述。
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词in-class exams和cheating，从而定位到D段段首。题目中的in-class exams是对原文中in-class variety的同义替换，discourage cheating是对原文中less chance of cheating的同义转述。题目是对D段这一内容的同义转述。
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
[B] I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词happy to learn和do some exams at home，从而定位到B段。B段出现了excited，learned和take-home ones，题目是对B段这两句话的概括归纳。
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
[H] There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词put off, until the last moment和more difficult，从而定位到H段。题目中的put off their work until the last moment是对原文中wait until the last minute的同义转述，more difficult than they actually are.是对much harder than it needs to be.的同义转述。题目是对H段这一内容的同义转述。
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词prefer和types of exams，从而定位到G段段首。G段段首分别出现了test-form和preference，分别对应题目中的定位词，题目中的different是对原文中的vary的同义转述。题目是对G段这一内容的同义转述。
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词most college professors agree和depends on，从而定位到F段段首。F段中出现了两个定位词原词，题目中的an in-class or a take-home exam是对原文中the kind of exam的同义转述，type of course being taught是对原文中the subject的同义转述。题目是对F段这一内容的同义转述。
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
[A] So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词dropped out of college和some forty years ago，从而定位到A段。A段中分别出现了the degree I left undone和some four decades ago，分别对应题目中的定位词。题目是对A段这一内容的同义转述。
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
[J] When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.
解析：首先在题目中找到定位词eat up their free time，从而定位到J段引语处。题目中的定位词是对原文中using my free time的同义转述。题目是对J段引语内容的概括归纳。
Part III Reading Comprehension
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
21、46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A To what extent it can trouble people.
B What role it has played in evolution.
C What circumstances may trigger it.
D In what way it can be beneficial.
答案解析：
46. D) In what way it can be beneficial.
解析：根据题干中的puzzling和fist-night effect可定位至文章第二段前两句，通过The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it可以得出使人不解的是可以从中得到什么好处，因此应选择D项。A、B、C项在文章中并未提到。
22、47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
A She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
D She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.
答案解析：
47. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.
解析：根据题干中的Dr. Yuka Sasaki以及选项中的birds and dolphins可定位至文章第二段第二、三句。通过She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins可以得出她从之前关于鸟类和海豚的研究中得到一些灵感，因此应选择C项。强干扰项是B项， Dr. Yuka Sasaki的研究成果是发现人在睡眠时大脑活动和鸟类以及海豚类似，而不是鸟类以及海豚和人相似，B项属于本末倒置。
23、48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
B She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.
C She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.
D She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.
答案解析：
48. A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
解析：根据选项可定位至原文第二段后半部分。该段提到“her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences.”，A项与之匹配度最高。B项属于曲解文意，参与者只是睡在心理科学中心，并不是心理科学中心的人。C、D项在文章中并未提到。因此正确答案选A。
24、49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.
B She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.
C She exposed her participants to two different stimulators.
D She compared the responses of different participants.
答案解析：
49. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
解析：根据题干中的re-running her experiment可定位至文章最后一段首句。该句指出，Dr. Sasaki在第二次实验时为睡着的参与者播放规律时控、相同音调的蜂鸣声和不规律时控、不同音调的蜂鸣声。也就是给参与者不同的刺激，因此正确答案选C。A、B、D项在文章中并未提及。
25、50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
A They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
C They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
答案解析：
50. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem—even if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely—including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
26、51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
A They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.
B They are usually more committed at home than on the job.
C They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.
D They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
答案解析：
51. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
解析：根据题干中的the problem of women可定位至文章首段。通过“Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job”可以看出女性过于努力，超出自己的能力范围。因此正确答案选D。A、B、C项在文章中未提及。
27、52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
A They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
答案解析：
52. A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
解析：根据题干中的women of child-bearing age和feel drained of energy可定位至原文第三段。通过“It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home.”可以看出女性努力兼顾家庭和事业，因此正确答案选A。B项的too devoted to work，C项的cooperate with their workmates和D项的obliged to在定位段均未提及。
28、53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
A Their unwillingness to say “no”.
B Their desire to be considered powerful.
C An underestimate of their own ability.
D A lack of courage to face challenges.
答案解析：
53. A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.
解析：根据题干中的hinder和career可定位至原文第四段末尾句。该句指出，无法说“不”会对女性的健康和事业造成伤害。A项的unwillingness to say no是对原文中inability to say “no”的同义转述，因此正确答案为A。B、C、D选项在定位段均未提及。
29、54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
A women tend to be easily satisfied
B men are generally more persuasive
C men tend to put their personal interests first
D women are much more ready to compromise
答案解析：
54. C) men tend to put their personal interests first
解析：根据题干中的resolving workplace conflicts可定位至原文第五段。该段倒数第一句指出，男性在面对分歧时会以最有利于自己的视角出发，而女性则是以最简单快捷的解决办法为视角，C项的put their personal interests first是对原文中from the perspective of what benefits them most的同义转述，因此正确答案为C。A、B、D项在文章中均未提及。
30、55. What is important to a good leader?
A A dominant personality.
B The ability to delegate.
C The courage to admit failure.
D A strong sense of responsibility.
答案解析：
55. B) The ability to delegate.
解析：根据题干中的leader可定位至原文最后一段。通过“Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely”可已看出领导应该懂得授权和管理资源。B项the ability to delegate是对原文中be able to delegate的同义转述，因此正确答案为B。A、C、D项未提及。
