Part IV Translation
1、珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11 000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5 700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
正确答案：
全文普通版：The Zhujiang River is a great river system of southern China and flows through Guangzhou City. It is the third longest river in China and ranks only after the Changjiang River and the Yellow River. The Zhujiang River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. On the aspect of size and population, it is the biggest urban concentration in the world. The nine biggest cities in the Zhujiang River Delta have a combined population of over 57 million. Since the China’s reform and opening-up from late 1970s, the Zhujiang River Delta has become one of the main economic zones and the main manufacture centers in China and the world.
全文高配版：The Zhujiang River, flowing through Guangzhou City, is an extensive river system of southern China and the third longest river in China, ranking only after the Changjiang River and the Yellow River. The Zhujiang River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population. The nine biggest cities in the Zhujiang River Delta have a population of over 57 million in total. Since the China’s reform and opening-up from late 1970s, the Zhujiang River Delta has become one of the major economic zones and the leading manufacture centers in China and the world.
答案解析：
第一句：珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。
普通版：句子由四个分句构成，分别为主系表、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾结构，它们均共用“珠江”这个主语，因此可将句子进行拆分，译成两句话。这四个短句的主干分别是“珠江是河系”“珠江流经市”“珠江是河流”“珠江次于长江和黄河”，其中“珠江”是“the Zhujiang Rover”，“河系”是“river system”，“流经”是动词短语“flow through”，英语中的名词最高级用“the+最高级+名词”表示，因此“第三长的河流”是“the third longest river”，“次于”可理解为“排名落后于”，即“rank after”，“长江”和“黄河”分别是“the Changjiang River”“the Yellow River”，那么整句话可译为：The Zhujiang River is a great river system of southern China and flows through Guangzhou City. It is the third longest river in China and ranks only after the Changjiang River and the Yellow River.
高配版：由于各谓语的关系是并列的，因此可将部分并列动词用非谓语结构进行翻译。英语中非谓语的三种最基本形式doing、done和to do中，doing表主动，因此三个动词中可将一个动词用作谓语，另两个动词用作非谓语表示。其中“大”可用“extensive”，意为“广阔的、覆盖面积大的”，整句话可译为：The Zhujiang River, flowing through Guangzhou City, is an extensive river system of southern China and the third longest river in China, ranking only after the Changjiang River and the Yellow River.
第二句：珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11 000平方公里。
普通版：主系表结构。句子主干是“珠江三角洲是地区”，后半句话可用with结构对主语进行修饰，英语中“最……的（名词）之一”常用“one of+最高级+名词复数 ”表示。句中的“地区”是“region”，“发达的”是“developed”，“面积”可用“with an area of”的结构表达，“平方公里”是“square kilometer”，因此整句话可译为：The Zhujiang River Delta is one of the most developed region in China with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.
第三句：它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。
普通版：主系表结构。句子主干是“它是聚集区”。“在……方面”可用“on the aspect of”表达，“面积”是“size”，“人口”是“population”，“城市聚集区”是“urban concentration”，因此整句话可译为：On the aspect of size and population, it is the biggest urban concentration in the world.
高配版：翻译时可将句子语序进行调换，将句子主干放在前面，“城市聚集区”可译为“urban area”，那么整句话就译为：It is the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.
第四句：珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5 700多万人口。
普通版：主谓宾结构。句子主干是“城市有人口”，其中“有……人口”可用“have a population of ”表达，“共”可用“combined”，“5 700多万”是“57 million”，那么整句话就译为：The nine biggest cities in the Zhujiang River Delta have a combined population of over 57 million.
高配版：“共”可用“in total”表示，因此整句话可译为：The nine biggest cities in the Zhujiang River Delta have a population of over 57 million in total.
第五句：上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。
普通版：主谓宾结构。因为有“上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来”的时间限定，所以句子应该使用现在完成时态，现在完成的动词形式是have/has done。句子主干是“珠江三角洲成为区域和中心”，其中“改革开放”是“reform and opening-up”，“经济区域”是“economic zone”，“制造中心”是“manufacture center”，因此句子翻译为：Since the China’s reform and opening-up from late 1970s, the Zhujiang River Delta has become one of the main economic zones and the main manufacture centers in China and the world.
高配版：“主要的”可使用“leading”或“major”，避免多次使用“main”，那么句子可译为：Since the China’s reform and opening-up from late 1970s, the Zhujiang River Delta has become one of the major economic zones and the leading manufacture centers in China and the world.
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