Part IV Translation
1、黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域（river basin）是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
正确答案：
全文普通版：The Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “Yellow” describes the muddy color of the river. The Yellow River originates from Qinghai Province and flows through nine provinces and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is one of several rivers for the Chinese to live on. The Yellow River basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization and the most prosperous place in early history of China. However, owing to its destructive flood frequently happening, the Yellow River once caused damage for many times. In the past several decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.
全文高配版：The Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “Yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. Originating from Qinghai Province, the Yellow River flows through nine provinces and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is one of the rivers which China relies on for existence. The Yellow River basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization and the most prosperous place in early history of China. However, owing to its destructive flood frequently happening, the Yellow River once caused damage for many times. In the past several decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.
答案解析：
第一句：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。
主系表结构。句子主干是“黄河是河流”，其中“黄河”是“the Yellow River”， “亚洲”是“Asia”。英语中名词最高级的表达形式是“the+最高级+名词”，那么“第三长的河流”译为“the third longest river”，“第六长的河流”变动序数词即可。那么整句话译为：The Yellow River is the third longest river in Asia and the sixth longest in the world.
第二句：“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。
普通版：主谓宾结构。句子主干是“字描述颜色”，其中“描述”是“describe”，“浑浊的”是“muddy”，那么整句话可译为：The word “Yellow” describes the muddy color of the river.
高配版：此处“浑浊的颜色”可译为“浑浊的河水”，译文意思会更具体，那么整句话可译为：The word “Yellow” describes the muddy water of the river.
第三句：黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。
普通版：句子由三个分句构成，都是主谓宾结构，且共用“黄河”这个主语，那么就可用连词将三个简单句进行连接。句中的“发源于”是“originate from”，“青海”是“Qinghai Province”，“流经”是“flow through”，“注入”是“pour into”，“渤海”是“the Bohai Sea”，那么整句话可译为：The Yellow River originates from Qinghai Province and flows through nine provinces and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.
高配版：句子三个短句的主语都是“黄河”，那么三个并列动词中的部分可用非谓语进行翻译。英语中非谓语的三种最基本形式为doing、done和to do中，doing表主动，因此可将三个动词中的一个动词用非谓语表示，另两个动词用连词进行连接。因此整句话就译为：Originating from Qinghai Province, the Yellow River flows through nine provinces and finally pours into the Bohai Sea.
第四句：黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。
普通版：主系表结构。句子主干是“黄河是河流”，其中“赖以生存的”无法用一个形容词表达，那么就可以转换为介词短语进行翻译，即“河流是中国人生存用的”，其中“依靠……生活”是“live on”。英语中“……的（名词）之一”常用“one of+名词复数”表示，因此“几条河流之一”可翻译为“one of several rivers”，那么整句话译为：The Yellow River is one of several rivers for the Chinese to live on.
高配版：由于句子中的形容词无法用简单词汇进行表达，那么就可用定语从句进行翻译，先行词是“黄河”，连接词用which，那么“赖以生存”可用“China relies on for existence”表达，因此整句话可译为：The Yellow River is one of the rivers which China relies on for existence.
第五句：黄河流域（river basin）是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。
两个主系表结构。句子主干是“黄河流域是诞生地，黄河流域是地区”，其中“诞生地”是“birthplace”，“繁荣的”是“prosperous”，那么整句话可译为：The Yellow River basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization and the most prosperous place in early history of China.
第六句：然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。
主谓宾结构。由于句中出现“曾”字，句子应采用过去时。句子主干是“黄河造成灾害”，其中“由于”是“owing to”，“极具破坏力的”是“destructive”，“频发”是“frequently happening”，那么句子可译为：However, owing to its destructive flood frequently happening, the Yellow River once caused damage for many times.
第七句：在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。
主谓宾结构。由于句子出现了“在过去几十年”，句子时态应为现在完成时，其中“采取措施”是“take measure”，“灾害”是“disaster”，因此句子可译为：In the past several decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.
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