Part IV Translation
1、在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。
正确答案：
全文普通版：The color of red in Chinese culture is a symbol of good luck, longevity and happiness in general. Red is found everywhere during the Spring Festival and other festive occasions. Cashes in red envelopes are sent to family members and close friends as gifts. The other reason that red is popular in China is that people usually associate it to Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However, red does not always represent good luck and happiness. The names of the dead used to be written in red, so writing someone’s name in red ink usually is considered an offensive behavior.
全 文 高 配 版 ：Red, the color which is always seen in the Spring Festival and other celebrations, is said to be the symbol of fortune, longevity and happiness in Chinese culture generally. Cashes are often enclosed in red envelopes when given as gifts to family members or close friends. Its popularity can also be attributed to the fact that people associate it with Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However, red is not always a representative of good luck and happiness, which was always used to write the names of the dead in the past. Hence it is seen as an offense when people write someone’s name in red.
答案解析：
第一句：在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
普通版：主谓宾结构。主语“红色”首次出现的时候，最好译为“the color of red”；至于谓语“象征”，可以将“象征”的名词“symbol”动词化，即在名词后加上“-ize”后缀，名词变为动词。宾语中的“长寿”是“longevity”。那么整句话就译为：In Chinese culture, the color of red usually symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness. 后半句在翻译时可另起一句，注意“春节”是专有名词， 需要大写，即“the Spring Festival”，“喜庆”最好不要用“happy”，否则显得重复， 可以用“joyous”。句中的“到处可见”是“everywhere”，这个词的词性是副词或名词，此处是副词，在使用的时候用来修饰动词，此处可用动词“find” 的过去分词“found”来表被动，那么后半句话就译为：On Spring Festival and other joyous occasions, red is found everywhere.
高配版：“generally”是“通常、一般地”的意思，要比 usually 好，英语中名词的使用要比动词使用频率高，“象征”可直接译为名词“symbol”，前后两个半句话的主语都是“红色”，可以用非限定性定语从句把前后句连接起来。句子主干部分是“红色象征着……”，后半句可作为定语从句中的插入语使用， 主干部分可使用被动句来表达，即“red is said to be the symbol of...”，插入部分是“the color is seen in...”，那么整句话就是：Red, the color which is always seen in Spring Festival and other celebrations, is said to be the symbol of fortune, longevity and happiness in Chinese culture generally.
第二句：人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。
普通版：主谓宾被动结构。句子主干是“礼物被送给家人或朋友”，因此主干部分是“gifts are sent to family members and close friends”，“放在红信封里” 虽然在后半句，但是在中文里可以提前，作为修饰礼物的定语，因此可译为“cash in red envelopes”，整句话就可译为：Cashes in red envelopes are sent to family members and close friends as gifts.
高配版：“enclose”是动词，“放入封套”的意思，用在此处更贴切，同时前后两个半句的主语都是“现金”，那么可以用一个从句串起来，故整句译为Cashes are often enclosed in red envelopes when given as gifts to family members or close friends.
第三句：红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。普通版： 主系表结构。可采用“……的原因是……”的结构翻译， 即“the reason is that...”，“与……相联系”可用词组“associate...with”，“中国共产党”是专有名词，需大写。那么整句话就可用 reason 后接定语从句，翻译为：
The other reason that red is popular in China is that people usually associate it with Chinese revolution and Communist Party.
高配版：英文中多用名词，可用“popularity”来代替“popular”，同时可用
“attribute...to”表示“归因于……”，整句话可用 popularity 作主语，用被动语态加名词性从句的方式翻译，翻译为：Its popularity can also be attributed to the fact that people associate it with Chinese revolution and Communist Party.
第四句：然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。
普通 版： 主谓宾结 构。“代 表” 可用动 词“represent”，整句话就 是：
However, red does not always represent good luck and happiness.
高配版：“代表”可以用名词“representative”来表达，那么整句话就译为：
However, red is not always a representative of good luck and happiness.
第五句：因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。
普通版：整句话都可用被动句表达，“从前”可用“used to”，“死者”可用人“the
+ 形容词”的形式表达，即“the dead”，“用红色书写”要用介词“in”，“冒犯的行为” 是“offensive behavior”。那么整句话可译为：The names of the dead used to be written in red, so writing in red ink usually is considered an offensive behavior. 或者还可以转变为另一种句式：“since”可用于句首引导原因状语从句，是“由于、因为”的意思，“冒犯行为”用名词“offense”即可，整句话译为：Since the names of the dead were written in red, using red ink to write names of Chinese people is seen as an offense.
高配版：第四句和四五句可合并，调整后的翻译是：However, red is not always a representative of good luck and happiness, which was always used to write the names of the dead in the past. Hence it is seen as an offense when people write names in red.
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