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2014年6月阅读(第二套)

Part III Reading Comprehension

Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-fear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene (卫生). One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of (36)_____ teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater (37)_____to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did.

    But were these reactions actually (38)_____ into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two (39)_____ (five days and six weeks after the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers (牙疾诊断片) that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct (40)_____ of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more (41)_____ changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects (42)_____ to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more (43)_____ than did those who saw low-fear warnings.

    However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given (44)_____ guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the (45)_____​​​​​​​ of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur.

1、 (1)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

2、 (2)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

3、 (3)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

4、 (4)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

5、 (5)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

6、 (6)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

7、 (7)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

8、 (8)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

9、 (9)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

10、 (10)

A exposed

B dimensions

C desire

D occasions

E sensitivity

F credibility

G concrete

H carefully

I accustomed

J decayed

K translated

L indication

M permanent

N eligible

O cautiously

答案解析:

名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)

动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)

形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)

副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)

36. 答案decayed

解析空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。

37. 答案desire

解析空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。

38. 答案translated

解析空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。

39. 答案occasions

解析空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。

40. 答案indication

解析根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。

41. 答案concrete

解析空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。

42. 答案exposed

解析分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。

43. 答案carefully

解析空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。

44. 答案eligible

解析空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。

45. 答案credibility

解析空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。

Part III Reading Comprehension

                                                                     The Street-Level Solution

【A】 When I was growing up, one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was: “It isn’t what we don’t know that causes the trouble; it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so. “One of the main insights to be taken from the 100,000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.


【B】That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group. It’s only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem—distinguishing the “episodically homeless” from the, “chronically homeless” in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach-—and get better results.


【C】 Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive, about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it’s hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen. As Niccolò Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the “incredulity of men,” which is to say that people “do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them.” Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades. Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don’t have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know--or think we know.


【D】 But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2,310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: “Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings.” And Becky Kanis, the campaign’s director, commented: “There is this sense in our minds that someone who’s on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case.”


【E】 One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic (创伤的) brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you’re a soldier, a head wound-—and your life could become unrecognizable. James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury. “For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless,” he said. “They became unpredictable. They’d have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn’t hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They’d end up on the streets.”


【F】Once homeless people return to housing, they’re in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it’s important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem.


【G】Over the past decade, O’Connell has seen this happen. “I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets,” he said. “So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.”


【H】 Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. “If you’re homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings,” says Haggerty. “Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered.”


【I】Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses—and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.


【J】For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services. This isn’t available everywhere, however. In Boston, for example, homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city.


【K】Common Ground’s large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.


【L】 Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti (破坏) or vandalism (涂鸦). And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government benefits.) When people move on, it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment.


【M】 “Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings,” said Haggerty. “They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn’t count on.” The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space-—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds. “In many ways, we’re a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else.”


【N】As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution. I’ve been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness. Later in 2011, I’ll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I’ll conclude with an update on the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7,043.

11、46. Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

12、47. Homes Campaign provides first-hand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

13、48. Common Ground’s residences are well-managed and by and large peaceful.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

14、49. Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

15、50. A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

16、51. After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

17、52. Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

18、53. The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

19、54. Until recently American society has failed to see what homelessness is all about.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

20、55. Many formerly homeless tenants in New York’s Common Ground’s residences got hired.

A A

B B

C C

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

I I

J J

K K

L L

M M

N N

答案解析:46. 答案[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.

解析由题干中的Tenants和more room for storage定位到M段第五、六句:当被问到住在Common Ground居住区的住户们最想要什么时,Haggerty的回答是“人们总是希望存储空间能再大一些。”

47. 答案[B] The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that is really not the case.

解析由题干中的Homes Campaign和first-hand定位到D段末句:“十万安家行动”却给出了第一手的经验,说明事实并非如此。也就是说,我们以往对无家可归的人的看法是错误的。题干中的first-hand proof对应定位句中的first-hand experience,题干中的not what they were once believed to be与定位句中的that is really not the case意思一致,故答案为D。

48. 答案[L] Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare.

解析由题干中的well-managed定位到L段首句:无家可归的人入住后,问题并不多。定位句中的properties与题干的主语对应。由此可知,那里的生活十分平和安宁。题干是对本段内容的归纳总结,故答案为L。

49. 答案[G] So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.

解析由题干中的the first step和solving all their problems定位到G段最后两句:O’Connell医生认为,情况在向好的方面发展,然而,并不是说把无家可归的人安置到房子里就能够解决他们的所有问题。这只是第一步。someone指的就是the homeless,题干中的housing the homeless对应定位句中putting someone in housing,故答案为G。

50. 答案[E] James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury.

解析由题干中的the chronically homeless和brain injury定位到E段第三句:James O’Connell医生在过去的25年间,一直在对那些大街上最脆弱的无家可归者进行治疗,据他估计,他接触的无家可归者中,有40%的长期无家可归者都曾经受过脑部创伤。题干中的A large percent和the chronically homeless分别对应定位句中的40 percent,和the long-term homeless people,故答案为E。

51. 答案[H] Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset.

解析由题干中的after being housed,homeless people和at first定位到H段前四句:拥有住处后,曾经无家可归的人会变得与世隔绝和孤独,如果他们已经在大街上生活了很多年,他们或许已经建立了某种身份,并且为自己的生存技能而感到自豪。现在,住进房子里,他们身份中的这些层面可能会荡然无存。刚一开始,很多人还会感到深深的迷失。题干是对定位句的归纳总结,故答案为H。

52. 答案[J] For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services.

解析由题干中的the best way和communal定位到J段第一句对有些人来说,最好的解决办法是让他们生活在集体之中。题干中的the best way和provide them with communal housing分别对应定位句中的the best solution和live in a communal residence,故答案为J。

53. 答案[I] Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.

解析由题干中的health problems和regular support定位到I段:很多无家可归的人有健康方面的问题,他们需要定期帮助,以应对日常生活的挑战。题干中的support in their daily lives对应定位段中的assistance in the day.to—day challenges of life,故答案为I。

54. 答案[A] ...our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.

解析由题干中的until recently和American society定位到A段:我们的社会一直认为自己很了解无家可归这一问题的实质,但事实并非如此。题干中的American society和failed to see分别对应定位句中的our society和but it didn’t。故答案为A。

55. 答案[K] Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.

解析由题干中的formerly homeless tenants和Common Ground’s residences定位到K段最后一句:去年,在Common Ground的四个居住区中,有188位曾经无家可归的居民找到了工作。题干中的got hired与定位句中的found jobs意思也相同,故答案为K。

Part III Reading Comprehension

    Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave “in the cloud,” to be accessed as necessary?

    An increasingly powerful group within education are championing “digital literacy”. In their view, skills beat knowledge, developing “digital literacy” is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won’t help students and workers navigate the world if the), don’t have broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you’re doing kids a disservice.

    Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that’s true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about most-critical thinking processes—are intimately intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-term memory.

    In other words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn’t mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate. But such skills can’t be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you’ve already mastered.

    So here’s a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills, and it can’t be outsourced (外包) to a search engine. Second, take advantage of computers’ invariable memory, but also the brain’s elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn’t change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew.

21、56. What is the author’s concern about the use of technology?

A It may leave knowledge “in the cloud”.

B It may misguide our everyday behavior.

C It may cause a divide in the circles of education.

D It may hinder the development of thinking skills.

答案解析:

推理判断题。由选项中的“in the cloud”,everyday behavior和hinder定位到第一段。由定位段第一句可知,作者认为,技术具有两面性,能让人变得更聪明,也能让人变得更愚蠢,因此作者主张制订一套行为准则来引导日常行为,确保技术能够不断提高而非妨碍人的思维发展过程。由此可知,作者担心技术可能会阻碍人思维能力的发展。故本题答案为D。

22、57. What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy?

A It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.

B It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.

C It increases kids’ efficiency of acquiring knowledge.

D It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.

答案解析:

推理判断题。由题干中的the view of educators和advocate digital literacy定位到第二段第一、二句:教育界中有一个越来越强大的群体正在支持“数字素养”,他们认为,技能可以击败知识。培养“数字素养”比单纯地学习内容更为重要。现在所有信息都可以通过Google等搜索引擎进行搜索,因此不值得去记忆。D“使孩子们摆脱记忆事实的负担”与定位句中的“不值得去记忆”意思相符,因此答案为D。

23、58. What does evidence from cognitive science show?

A Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.

B Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge.

C Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.

D Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.

答案解析:

由题干中的evidence from cognitive science定位到第三段。该段第一句说,来自认知科学的证据对“技能可以不依靠事实性知识而独立存在”的看法提出了质疑。最后一句又明确地指出,批判性思维过程与储存在大脑长期记忆中的事实性知识紧密交织在一起。换句话说,批判性思维是建立在事实性知识基础之上的,因此答案为B。

24、59. What does the author think is key to making evaluations?

A Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.

B Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.

C Connecting new information with one’s accumulated knowledge.

D Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.

答案解析:

由题干中的making evaluations定位到第四段第二句和最后一句。第二句提到,现在的学生,也就是未来的工作人员,需要创新、合作和评估;最后一句指出了进行评估的关键:必须将新信息与已经掌握的知识进行比较。C“将新信息和已经积累的知识联系起来”与第四段最后一句意思相符,因此答案为C。

25、60. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A To warn against learning through memorizing facts.

B To promote educational reform in the information age.

C To explain human brains’ function in storing information.

D To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.

答案解析:

本题需要通读全文得出答案。文章开篇指出,技术有可能让我们变得更愚蠢;接着介绍了支持“数字素养”的人的观点——技能比知识更重要;然后,作者对这种观点进行了反驳,指出技能必须依靠事实性知识而存在;文章最后指出在数字世界里思维必须掌握基本的事实性知识,还要充分利用大脑的精细记忆。综上可知,作者撰写此文的目的是质疑过分强调“数字素养”的观点,因此答案为D。

Part III Reading Comprehension

    America’s recent history has been a persistent tilt to the West--of people, ideas, commerce and even political power. California and Texas are the twin poles of the West, but very different ones. For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two. Texas has trailed behind: its stereotype has been a conservative Christian in cowboy boots. But twins can change places. Is that happening now?

    It is easy to find evidence that California is in a panic. At the start of this month the once golden state started paying creditors in IOUs (欠条). The gap between projected outgoings and income for the current fiscal (财政的) year has leapt to a horrible $26 billion. With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf, one credit agency has already downgraded California’s debt. As budgets are cut, universities will let in fewer students, prisoners will be released early and schemes to protect the vulnerable will be rolled back.

    By contrast, Texas has coped well with the recession, with an unemployment rate two points below the national average and one of the lowest rates of housing repossession. In part this is because Texan banks, hard hit in the last property bust, did not overexpand this time. Texas also clearly offers a different model, based on small government. It has no state capital-gains or income tax, and a business-friendly and immigrant-tolerant attitude. It is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other state.

    Despite all this, it still seems too early to hand over America’s future to Texas. To begin with, that lean Texan model has its own problems. It has not invested enough in education, and many experts rightly worry about a “lost generation” of mostly Hispanic Texans with insufficient skills for the demands of the knowledge economy.

    Second, it has never paid to bet against a state with as many inventive people as California. Even if Hollywood has gone into depression, it still boasts an unequalled array of sunrise industries and the most brisk venture-capital industry on the planet. The state also has an awesome ability to reinvent itself--as it did when its defence industry collapsed at the end of the cold war.

    The truth is that both states could learn from each other. Texas still lacks California’s great universities and lags in terms of culture. California could adopt not just Texas’s leaner state, but also its more bipartisan (两党的) approach to politics. There is no perfect model of government: it is America’s genius to have 50 public-policy laboratories competing to find out what works best.

26、61. What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 1?

A They have been competing for the leading position.

B California has been superior to Texas in many ways.

C They are both models of development for other states.

D Texas’s cowboy culture is less known than California’s.

答案解析:

由题干中的Paragraph l定位到文章首段第三、四句:在20世纪的大部分时间里,加利福尼亚州一直引领两大轴心的科技和时尚潮流;而得克萨斯州则落在后面。由此不难看出,加利福尼亚州在很多方面都要优于得克萨斯州。故答案为B。

27、62. What does the author say about today’s California?

A Its debts are pushing it into bankruptcy.

B Its budgets have been cut by $26 billion.

C It is faced with a serious financial crisis.

D It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable.

答案解析:

由选项中的debts,budgets和$26 billion定位到第二段:有证据表明,加利福尼亚州正处在恐慌之中,并介绍了产生恐慌的具体原因,包括给债权人打欠条、预算支出和收入的缺口巨大、信用等级遭到下调等,这些都是严重的金融危机的表现。由此可以推断出加利福尼亚州当前面临着严重的金融危机,故答案为C。

28、63. In what way is Texas different from California?

A It practices small government.

B It is home to traditional industries.

C It has a large Hispanic population.

D It has an enviable welfare system.

答案解析:

由题干中的Texas different from California定位到第三段第三句:得克萨斯州显然实行了一种与加利福尼亚州截然不同的模式—以小政府为基础的模式,由此可见,得克萨斯州与加利福尼亚州的不同之处在于实行小政府模式,故答案为A。

29、64. What problem is Texas confronted with?

A Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate.

B Its sunrise industries are shrinking rapidly.

C Its education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy.

D Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture.

答案解析:

由题干中的problem和选项中的Hispanic,education和knowledge economy定位到第四段第二、三句。该部分提到,得克萨斯州自身仍然存在很多问题:该州在教育方面投入不足;西班牙裔的得克萨斯州人缺乏足够的技能,难以满足知识经济的需求。也就是说,得克萨斯州面临的一大问题是该州的教育难以满足知识经济的需要。故答案为C。

30、65. What do we learn about American politics from the passage?

A Each state has its own way of governing.

B Most states favor a bipartisan approach.

C Parties collaborate in drawing public policies.

D All states believe in government for the people.

答案解析:

由题干中的American politics定位到末段最后一句:世界上没有完美的政府模式,并以美国为例进行说明.美国让50个公共政策实验室相互竞争,从而找出最好的治理模式。由此可以推断,美国的50个州都有各自不同的治理模式,故答案为A。

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