Part III Reading Comprehension
Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-fear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene (卫生). One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of (36)_____ teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater (37)_____to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did.
But were these reactions actually (38)_____ into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two (39)_____ (five days and six weeks after the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers (牙疾诊断片) that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct (40)_____ of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more (41)_____ changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects (42)_____ to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more (43)_____ than did those who saw low-fear warnings.
However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given (44)_____ guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isn’t done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the (45)_____ of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur.
1、 (1)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
2、 (2)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
3、 (3)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
4、 (4)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
5、 (5)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
6、 (6)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
7、 (7)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
8、 (8)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
9、 (9)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
10、 (10)
A exposed
B dimensions
C desire
D occasions
E sensitivity
F credibility
G concrete
H carefully
I accustomed
J decayed
K translated
L indication
M permanent
N eligible
O cautiously
答案解析:
名词:credibility(可信性,确实性), desire(欲望), dimensions(维,尺寸), indication(迹象,象征), occasions(时机,场合), sensitivity(敏感,过敏)
动词:accustomed(适应), decayed(衰退), desire(想要,要求), exposed(暴露), translated(翻译)
形容词:accustomed(习惯的,通常的), concrete(实在的,具体的), eligible(合格的,合适的), permanent(永久的)
副词:carefully(小心地), cautiously(谨慎地)
36. 答案:decayed
解析:空格位于介词of之后、名词teeth之前,因此空格处应该填入形容词或形容词性质的分词形式,根据上下文,该词在意思上应该与疾病相关,故答案为decayed“腐烂,变坏”。
37. 答案:desire
解析:空格前为不定冠词a和形容词比较级greater,因此空格处应该填入名词。再结合空格所在句信息,空格处应填表示积极意义的名词,故答案为desire“渴望,欲望”。
38. 答案:translated
解析:空格所在句为一般疑问句were位于句首,而且空格后为介词into,据此推断空格处应该填入动词的过去分词形式,而且该动词能和介词into搭配。备选项中,符合要求的只有translated“转变,变化”。
39. 答案:occasions
解析:空格位于数词two之后,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。且是个和时间相关的名词,结合句意,故答案为occasions“时刻,时候”。
40. 答案:indication
解析:根据空格前不定冠词a,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。本句前半部分提到受试者在牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点,后半部分提到他们护理牙齿的程度。根据常识可知,牙疾诊断片上留下的红色污点能够为医生的诊断提供信息或参考,由此确定答案为indication “迹象,标示”。
41. 答案:concrete
解析:空格前面有形容词比较级greater和and more,据此推断空格处为形容词原形。下一句提到了关注口腔卫生的一个具体事例——刷牙,故确定答案为concrete“具体的”。
42. 答案:exposed
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前为句子的主语,句子的谓语动词为brushed,据此推断空格处所填词和to high-fear warnings共同充当后置定语来修饰主语。根据文意,此处的受试者就是指第一段提到的看到多幅可怕图片的受试者。exposed有“接触,体验”的意思,与看到图片意思一致,因此确定为本题的答案。
43. 答案:carefully
解析:空格前有比较级more,据此推断空格处应该填入副词。选项中有carefully和cautiously意思比较相近,但也有区别。carefully着重行为的谨慎,指为了避免出差错或受伤以及受坏的影响而对某事仔细,行动上小心;cautiously指为了提防可能遇到的危险,或为了避免失败而提前做周密的打算和安排。本句中是指 brushed their teeth这一行为动作,故carefully更符合文意。
44. 答案:eligible
解析:空格位于be given之后,名词guidelines之前,据此推断空格处应该填入形容词。由句意可知,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段,提供的信息不能让人感到过于恐惧,而且应该给人们提供____指导以帮助他们减少产生恐惧的原因,结合备选项,确定答案为eligible“合格的,有资格的”。
45. 答案:credibility
解析:空格位于定冠词the之后,of引导的介词短语之前,据此推断空格处应该填入名词。结合上一句信息,要想成为一种行之有效的说服手段.就必须做到两点,否则人们就可能会否认这些信息或否认信息传播者的____结合备选项,确定答案为credibility“可信度,可靠性”。
Part III Reading Comprehension
The Street-Level Solution
【A】 When I was growing up, one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was: “It isn’t what we don’t know that causes the trouble; it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so. “One of the main insights to be taken from the 100,000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t.
【B】That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group. It’s only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem—distinguishing the “episodically homeless” from the, “chronically homeless” in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach-—and get better results.
【C】 Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive, about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it’s hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen. As Niccolò Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the “incredulity of men,” which is to say that people “do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them.” Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades. Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don’t have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know--or think we know.
【D】 But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2,310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: “Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings.” And Becky Kanis, the campaign’s director, commented: “There is this sense in our minds that someone who’s on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case.”
【E】 One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic (创伤的) brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you’re a soldier, a head wound-—and your life could become unrecognizable. James O’Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury. “For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless,” he said. “They became unpredictable. They’d have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn’t hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They’d end up on the streets.”
【F】Once homeless people return to housing, they’re in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it’s important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem.
【G】Over the past decade, O’Connell has seen this happen. “I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets,” he said. “So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.”
【H】 Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. “If you’re homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings,” says Haggerty. “Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered.”
【I】Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses—and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food.
【J】For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special services. This isn’t available everywhere, however. In Boston, for example, homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city.
【K】Common Ground’s large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs.
【L】 Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti (破坏) or vandalism (涂鸦). And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government benefits.) When people move on, it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment.
【M】 “Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings,” said Haggerty. “They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn’t count on.” The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space-—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds. “In many ways, we’re a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else.”
【N】As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution. I’ve been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness. Later in 2011, I’ll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I’ll conclude with an update on the 100,000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7,043.
11、46. Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage.
A A
B B
C C
D D
E E
F F
G G
H H
I I
J J
K K
L L
M M
N N
答案解析:46. 答案:[M] The most common tenant demand? “People always want more storage space—but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds.