Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46) 【With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.】
During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47) 【Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.】 Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.
(48) 【Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore.】 It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
The Church’s long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. (49) 【As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.】
The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) 【Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’】, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.
1、 (46) ~ (50)
正确答案：
参考译文
46. 随着教会的教义和思维方式被文艺复兴的光芒所掩盖，中世纪与现代之间的鸿沟得以消除，由此人类被带入未经探索的全新知识领域。
47. 每次在他们的科学发现公布之前，当时的许多思想家都仍然保留着较为古老的思维方式，其中包括地心说，该学说认为地球是宇宙的中心。
48. 尽管教会试图镇压新一代的逻辑学家和理性主义者，但更多关于宇宙运行方式的解释正以人们无法忽视的速度不断涌现。
49. 随着许多人承担起在世界范围内传播理性和科学思想体系的责任，文艺复兴时代已经结束，理性时代这一新纪元即将到来。
50. 这种探索未知信息、理解已知信息的行为，可以用拉丁短语“sapere aude”准确地表达出来，意为“敢于求知”。
答案解析：
生词本
eclipse v. 使黯然失色
Renaissance n. 文艺复兴
Medieval adj. 中世纪的
revelation n. 揭露
sustain v. 维持
geocentric adj. 以地球为中心的
suppress v. 镇压
logician n. 逻辑学家
rationalist n. 理性主义者
integrate v. （使）合并；（使）融入
表达难点
46. ①With结构中的teachings意为“教义”，being eclipsed是被动形式，翻译时可将主宾颠倒，转换为主动形式，或直接译为“被……所掩盖”。Church首字母大写时表示“教会；教派”。②bridge the gap between A and B表示“消除A与B之间的鸿沟/隔阂/分歧”，此处采用被动语态，译为“鸿沟得以消除”。③lead to意为“导致；通向”，此处可引申为“开辟出，将人类带入……”。
47. ①revelations意为“揭露”，这里表示上文中提到的scientific study and discovery，因此可以译为“他们的科学发现”。②sustain本意为“维持，使保持”，此处可引申为“持有某种观点，保持某种行为习惯或方式等”。③分词短语including the geocentric view作为后置定语修饰主句宾语ways of thinking，在翻译时可通过重复宾语“思维方式”来引出，或者用“其中”连接。④that引导的同位语从句对the geocentric view进行解释说明，翻译时为避免重复可以用“该学说……”代替。
48. ①attempts在本句中为名词，表示“尝试；试图”，翻译时可转译为动词，由动作的发出者Church充当主语。不定式短语to suppress...作后置定语，在翻译时可根据语义进行调整，放在“试图”之后作其宾语。②were being made是过去进行时的被动语态，表示explanations正在形成，可引申为“涌现，出现”。that引导的定语从句较简短，在翻译时可以放在被修饰词的前面。
49. ①integrate into意为“融入，使……并入”，表示将理性和科学思想体系“融入到了”世界各地，此处可引申为“在世界范围内传播理性科学思想”。take on the duty of意为“肩负起……的使命或责任”。②常用句式It’s time for...意为“是时候……了”，放在本句中表示“是新时代的时候了”，即“新时代即将到来”。
50.①capture作动词时有“（用图画、文章、电影等准确地）表达，刻画，描述”的含义，本句中的“were captured by”在翻译时可根据汉语表达习惯转化为主动形式：“用……准确表达”或“由……充分诠释”。②句末的dare to know 即对拉丁短语sapere aude的解释，因此在翻译时需保留拉丁短语的原本表达，要将dare to know译出。
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