Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations—trucking, financial advice, software engineering—have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven’t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
1、21. Who will be most threatened by automation?
A Leading politicians.
B Low-wage laborers.
C Robot owners.
D Middle-class workers.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的automation定位到第二段第二句中的automated。第一段说到，中产阶级将会面临恼人的挑战，其中之一来自于机器人。第二段中提到，中产阶级受压制的比例最高（with the middle class disproportionately squeezed）、中产阶级的工作引起了机器人的兴趣（many middle-class occupations…have aroused their interest），由此可知，自动化将会对中产阶级工作者最有威胁，选D。
错项排除：全文中并未提及政治领袖，A排除。第二段中说到，低收入的工作对机器人没有吸引力，可见自动化对低收入工作者的影响不大，B排除。第二段最后一句说到，富人将会拥有机器人，所以他们不必担忧，C排除。
2、22. Which of the following best represent the author’s view?
A Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
B Optimists’ opinions on new tech find little support.
C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
D Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided.
答案解析：
答案精析：本题需要结合全文进行解答。第三段中，作者提到机器人取代中产阶级工作的可能性并不是危言耸听（This isn’t to be alarmist）、工业革命对反对技术进步者并不那么友好、中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助进行调整。作者在最后一段最后一句也说到，帮助工人适应这种变革的政策却不可或缺。由此可见，自动化的到来会带来一些问题，而中产阶级则需要帮助来适应这些问题，选C。
错项排除：上文已经提到自动化会带来种种问题，A与这些事实相反，错误。第三段中提到，乐观者指出，在过去，技术剧变使工人受益，一个例子就是技术革命最终提高了生活标准，创造出的工作数量比淘汰的要多。可见，乐观者提出的观点是有证据支撑的，B错。全文并没有提到新科技的负面影响是否可以被规避，D错。
3、23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on ________.
A creative potential
B job-hunting skills
C individual needs
D cooperative spirit
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干中的Education和age of automation定位到第四段第一句。第四段中，《第二次机器时代》（The Second Machine Age）的作者提到，课程的改进应将更多的重点放在创造性和复杂性沟通上，而减少死记硬背。因此，教育应该更加注重培养学生的创造性，A项对应原文中的creativity，故A为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中提到，教育应该对职业培训（job training）重新思考，而不是求职技巧（job-hunting skills），B错。个人需求在原文中并没有提到，C错。原文提到，职业学校要帮助学生更好地与机器人并肩工作（helping students work alongside robots），但合作精神（cooperative spirit）强调的是人与人之间的合作，与原文意思有偏差，D错。
4、24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at ________.
A encouraging the development of automation
B increasing the return on capital investment
C easing the hostility between rich and poor
D preventing the income gap from widening
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干中的tax policies定位到第六段第一句。定位句中的because提示出税收政策不得不重新加以考虑的原因（taxes…will have to be rethought）：自动化会威胁到加大资本收入和劳动收入之间的差距，故选D。
错项排除：原文提到，对税收重新考虑的原因是为了减少自动化带来的资本收入和劳动收入的扩大，与鼓励自动化的发展无关，A错。原文中没有提到资本回报，B属于无中生有，错误。第六段确实提到自动化会带来资本收入和劳动收入的扩大，但并没有说贫富阶级之间有敌意，C选项属于夸大其词，错误。
5、25. In this text, the author presents a problem with ________.
A opposing views on it
B possible solutions to it
C its alarming impacts
D its major variations
答案解析：
答案精析：作者在文章第一段提出一个问题，即当机器人取代中产阶级的工作时，会发生什么？紧接着作者在第二段至第六段提到了其可能性以及解决办法。在最后一段，作者总结道，帮助中产阶级工人适应变革的政策不可或缺，故选B。
错项排除：从文章主旨大意可知，作者提出中产阶级工人的工作可能会被机器取代，并对此提出了解决办法，但他并没有对自动化提出反对意见，A错。自动化确实有消极影响，但它也有积极意义，C错。原文并没有体现主要变化形式，D错。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a president’s social media platform.
Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media.
6、26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on ________.
A the justification of the news-filtering practice
B people’s preference for social media platforms
C the administration’s ability to handle information
D social media was a reliable source of news
答案解析：
答案精析：文章第一段中提到，很多美国年轻人反对特朗普使用推特，并在第二段中作出了解释：人们不信任社交媒体（distrust has risen toward all media），网络上的很多新闻是虚假的（a quarter of web content…was fake news），即使是媒体巨头发布的新闻，很多用户也不予相信。由此可见，很多美国年轻人并不认为社交媒体是新闻的可靠来源，故选D。
错项排除：第一段第二句中提到，千禧一代的年轻人更喜欢通过其他渠道过滤的新闻，但并没有怀疑其合理性，A错。第二段开头提到，大多数美国人依靠社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。然而有44%的Facebook用户很少或从不相信新闻媒体报道的消息，由此可见美国人对社交媒体的偏好不能一概而论，B错。第一段说到千禧一代不喜欢从总统的社交媒体平台获取白宫新闻，但这不能跟政府处理的信息等同，C错。
7、27. The phrase “beef up” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A sharpen
B define
C boast
D share
答案解析：
答案精析：第二段第二句和第三句中说到，但是由于人们对所有媒体越来越不信任，人们可能开始beef up自身的媒体素养能力。这种趋势是非常需要的。人们对媒体新闻的不信任迫使人们“提高”自身的媒体素养能力，符合逻辑，A选项为正确答案。
错项排除：B、C、D选项代入原文中均不符合语境，故排除。
8、28. According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people ________.
A tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace
B verify news by referring to diverse resources
C have a strong sense of responsibility
D like to exchange views on “distributed trust”
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Knight Foundation survey可定位到第三段。此段第三句提到，年轻人多方核实新闻来源，更喜欢不同视角的新闻——尤其是那些对任何偏见持开放态度的新闻角度。由此可见，B选项正确。选项中的verify news对应原文的verify stories，referring to diverse resources对应原文的cross-check sources。
错项排除：cyberspace出现在第三段第一句，此句说的是在数字时代长大的年轻人变得更善于区分网络空间信息的真伪，这并不是说年轻人倾向于发表他们对网络空间的意见，A错。responsibility出现在第三段最后一句，此句说到很多年轻人在自我教育方面担负着更多的责任，但这只是一方面，原文并没有说到年轻人对其他方面也有强烈的责任感，C错。原文中说到，年轻人采取“分布式信任”来验证新闻的真伪，但并不是以此交流意见，D错。
9、29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is ________.
A readers’ outdated values
B journalists’ biased reporting
C readers’ misinterpretation
D journalists’ made-up stories
答案解析：
答案精析：根据Barna survey和fake news定位到第五段第三句。此句说到，美国人对虚假新闻现象给出的主要原因（top reason）是“读者错误解读”，比编造故事或事实性报道错误更甚。紧接着，文章对“读者错误”进行了解释：大约三分之一的人是因为通过社交媒体“曲解或夸大了新闻”才导致了虚假新闻问题。由此选C。
错项排除：原文没有提到读者过时的价值观和记者有偏颇的报道，A、B排除。题干问的是主要原因，因此排除D。
10、30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online
B A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend
C The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media
D The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests
答案解析：
答案精析：此道题目需要理解全文意思进行作答。第一段说到，年轻人反对总统使用推特。在第二段中，作者提到，人们可能开始提高其文学素养能力。第三段第一句中表明，年轻人变得更善于区分网络上的信息真伪。最后一段中，作者赞扬了年轻人在批判过度发推文的总统时，他们表现出了思维技巧和何时选择分享信息到社交媒体上的自律精神。综上所述，本题选A。
错项排除：本文第一段中提到年轻人反对总统过度发布推文，但这只是为了引出主题，B错误。原文多处提到年轻人不信任社交媒体上的新闻，C错误。第五段中提到，人们转发新闻表达自己的价值观和兴趣（re-share news as a projection of their values and interests），但这只是文章的细节内容，不能概括文章的大意，D错误。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements—and there may be many—between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed” it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.
The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.
The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.
11、31. What is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?
A It caused conflicts among tech giants.
B It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.
C It fell short of the latter’s expectations.
D It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的agreement可定位到第一段最后一句后半部分。此句提到，该模糊协议未能充分考虑患者的权利以及他们对隐私的要求，所以应选B项。此选项中的failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights是原文took far too little account of the patients’ rights的同义转述。
错项排除：第一段第三句中提到，将这项成果应用到医疗保健的潜力是巨大的，但可能也会导致科技巨头公司的进一步垄断。此句并没有提到科技巨头公司之间有冲突，A错。C选项中的expectations出现在第一段最后一句，原文说的是该协议未能达到病人对隐私的期望，C选项与事实不符，错误。原文没有提到双方陷入危险境地，D错。
12、32. The NHS trust responded to Denham’s verdict with ________.
A empty promises
B tough resistance
C necessary adjustments
D sincere apologies
答案解析：
答案精析：由NHS trust定位到原文第二段第二句，该句指出，NHS信托基金改正了其行为。具体措施为从病人那里获得所有必要的许可以及消除所有不必要的数据。由此可见，选C。adjustments对应原文中的mended its ways。
错项排除：原文提到NHS信托基金对其行为进行了改正，排除A、B。第二段第一句指出，深度思考公司几乎进行了道歉，但真诚与否并没有提及，D错。
13、33. The author argues in Paragraph 2 that ________.
A privacy protection must be secured at all costs
B leaking patients’ data is worse than selling it
C making profits from patients’ data is illegal
D the value of data comes from the processing of it
答案解析：
答案精析：第二段第一句至第六句主要说的是NHS公司的信托基金所采取的措施，并指出隐私并不是最重要的问题。德纳姆将责任推卸到NHS信托基金上，因为根据法律，它“控制”了数据，而深度思考公司只是“处理”数据。作者在第三段最后一句提到，“但这种区分忽略了一点：对数据的处理和集合赋予了数据价值，而不是仅仅对其占有。”由此选D。
错项排除：根据上文分析可知，隐私并不是最重要的问题，A错。第一段中提到NHS交付了160万名患者的医疗记录，但并没有说它对数据进行了售卖，B错。原文也没有提到通过病人的数据进行盈利，C错。
14、34. According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is ________.
A the vicious rivalry among big pharms
B the ineffective enforcement of privacy law
C the uncontrolled use of new software
D the monopoly of big data by tech giants
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的last paragraph和real worry定位到最后一段第二句。在定位句之后，文章说到，重要的是（What matters），这些通过使用公共资源研发出来的算法将属于私人垄断企业。由此可以推断出，大数据也被这些私人企业垄断了，故选D。
错项排除：最后一段第五句中确实出现big pharm，原文说的是大数据可能被期望像大制药公司那样运作，但并没有谈到恶性竞争的问题，A错。最后一段第一句中提到，在这个例子中，使用隐私法削弱科技巨头公司有一点不太合适，而并不是B选项所说的“无效执行”，隐私法问题也不是担忧的核心，B错。最后一段第五句中提到software，但没提到“不受控制”的问题，C错。
15、35. The author’s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is ________.
A ambiguous
B cautious
C appreciative
D contemptuous
答案解析：
答案精析：最后一段的倒数第三句和倒数第二句提到，我们还处于这场革命的初始阶段，现在做的微小决定可能会对未来有巨大影响。为了避免未来的数字封建主义，我们需要进行长期的斗争。从small choices和gigantic consequences可知，作者对这一场革命的态度是十分谨慎的，选B。
错项排除：在这篇议论文中，作者的态度十分明确，A排除。在文章最后一句中，作者提到，德纳姆女士的报告是一个不错的开始，但问题问的是作者对于将人工智能应用于医疗护理的态度，C错。文中并不能推断出作者的鄙夷态度，D错。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer—Congress—insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.
Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system’s heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions.
If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate—where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.
16、36. The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by ________.
A its unbalanced budget
B its rigid management
C the cost for technical upgrading
D the withdrawal of bank support
答案解析：
答案精析：文章开头提到美国邮政管理局面临着财政危机，而原因一直到首段的最后一句才给出：一方面，技术变革持续地降低了其支柱产品——特快邮件的需求；另一方面，管理机构缺乏灵活性，不能根据新形式调整运营。由此可知，选B。
错项排除：第一段提到美国邮政管理局有超过1200亿美元的债务，主要是由于员工健康和退休费用导致，这跟不平衡预算不是一个概念，A错。原文说到技术变革，但并没有说美国邮政管理局会进行技术升级，C错。原文没有提到银行，更不可能有资助，D错。
长难句分析：Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.
句子主干是the USPS is in a historic squeeze。between的两个宾语是technological change和a regulatory structure，它们后面都为that引导的定语从句，起到补充说明的作用。第一个定语从句中的first-class mail是its bread-and-butter product的同位语。
句意为：从根本上说，美国邮政管理局正处在历史性的压力之下：一方面，技术变革持续地降低了其支柱产品——特快邮件的需求；另一方面，管理机构缺乏灵活性，不能根据新形式调整运营。
17、37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to ________.
A the interference from interest groups
B the inadequate funding from Congress
C the shrinking demand for postal service
D the incompetence of postal unions
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位到第二段。第二段中出现This is why…，因此解答本题的关键是从This is why的前一句寻找原因。第二段第一句中提到，各种利益集团为了自身的利益向国会施压，保护他们倚仗的现状（interest groups…exert self-interested pressure on…Congress—insisting...aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected），这是导致美国邮政管理局无法实现现代化改革的原因，由此选A。
错项排除：原文只提到议会是USPS的最终监管者（ultimate overseer），并没有说它为美国邮政管理局提供资金，B错。对邮政服务的需求降低导致了美国邮政管理局面临财政危机，但并不是美国邮政管理局未能实现现代化改革的原因，C错。第二段第一句提到邮政工会是利益集团，但并没有说它无能，D错。
18、38. The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by ________.
A removing its burden of retiree health care
B making more investment in new vehicles
C adopting a new rate-increase mechanism
D attracting more first-class mail users
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions定位到第三段最后一句。由thus（因此）前面的从句可推知答案。该句提到，The latter step（将邮政公司退休人员转入到医疗保险计划）将会大大地抵消每年为退休人员预付医疗保险费的负担。因此A为正确选项。
错项排除：第三段第二句提到购买新车，但与解决美国邮政管理局和工会抱怨无关，B错。第三段前半句确实说到rate increase，但它与第三段最后一句中的“The latter step”不符，C错。第一段中提到了特快邮件（first-class）的用户减少，但原文并没有提到吸引此部分用户，更不可能以此解决两方之间的抱怨，D错。
19、39. In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with ________.
A respect
B tolerance
C discontent
D gratitude
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干中的legislators定位到最后一段倒数第二句。定位句提到，围绕法案逐渐达成共识是一个信号：立法者害怕美国邮政管理局出现短期瘫痪，这会让他们陷入政治的尴尬境地。然而，这并不表明他们愿意认真地考虑邮政系统向21世纪转型，立法者对邮政系统改革问题的态度是不认真的。可见，作者对立法者的态度是不满的，选C。
错项排除：由原文可知，作者对立法者的态度是消极的，A、B、D均不符合作者的态度，故错误。
20、40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days
B The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese
C The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure
D The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid
答案解析：
答案精析：此道题目需要根据全文作答。本文第一段提出美国邮政管理局（USPS）面临持续亏损的状况。第二段中解释了美国邮政管理局未能进行现代化改革的原因。第三段介绍了美国邮政管理局的改革方案。最后一段指出改革方案并不全面，如美国邮政管理局劳资双方集体谈判的问题没有一点改变、法案遗漏了取消星期六信件投递的讨论等。从长远来看，这是一个治标不治本的方案。此篇文章以“提出问题——提供解决方案——阐述不足之处”的结构进行论述，并暗示解决问题的办法，由此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：全文没有提到美国邮政管理局怀念过去的黄金时期，它也不是本篇文章的重点，A错。原文有提及美国邮政管理局确实涉及诸多利益集团，但它是美国邮政管理局未能实现现代化改革的原因，也不是此篇文章的主旨。美国邮政管理局有财政问题、改革问题，但文章中并没有提到这些问题需要马上得到解决，而是应进行全面的改革（comprehensive reform），C错。
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