Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.
1、21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain ________.
A used to enjoy high public support
B was unpopular among European royals
C eased his relationship with his rivals
D ended his reign in embarrassment
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干可直接定位到文章前两段，再由King Juan Carlos of Spain可直接定位至文章首句。首句说到西班牙国王认为自己不会退位。紧接着第二句用一个But表示转折，指出尴尬的丑闻迫使他退位了（embarrassing scandals…forced him to eat his words and stand down），stand down意为“放弃席位”。由此可知，D项内容是对文章前两句的概括，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：根据原文内容，只能了解到西班牙国王虽然自己认为不会退位，但还是被迫退位了，由此并不能推断出他之前是否享有很高的公众支持，故排除A项。由之前的分析可推断，西班牙国王被迫退位并不能证明在欧洲皇室中不受欢迎，B项内容与原文不符，故排除。首段第二句提到共和党在欧盟选举中很受欢迎，这也迫使西班牙国王退位，可见双方的竞争关系是非常激烈的，并没有得到缓和，C项内容表述错误，故排除。
2、22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly ________.
A owing to their undoubted and respectable status
B to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
C to give voters more public figures to look up to
D due to their everlasting political embodiment
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干中的Monarchs和as heads of state可定位至原文第三段第一句。该句说到，正是这种对政治的明显超越，解释了君主作为国家元首持续受欢迎的现象。之后第三句又给出了另一条原因，大多数皇室家族之所以能够存活下来，是因为他们使选民避免了寻找一个没有争议但又受人尊敬的公众人物的困难。A项中的undoubted对应原文的non-controversial，respectable对应原文中的respected，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：原文并未提到传统和现实之间平衡的信息，B项内容无中生有，故排除。C项中的public figures有一定的干扰性，但要仔细分析，C项说的是给选民更多可以敬仰的公众人物，而原文意思是避免选民寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的困难，C项与原文意思相悖，故排除。第三段首句提到君主作为国家元首受欢迎的原因是其对政治的明显超越（apparent transcendence of politics），由此可知并非是政治因素使得他们受欢迎，D项内容与原文表述不符，故排除。
长难句分析：But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
本句为复杂句，句子主干是…most royal families have survived…，主语为most royal families，谓语是have survived。unlike their absolutist counterparts为介词短语作比较状语，in the Gulf and Asia为后置定语，修饰counterparts。句子后半部分的because引导原因状语从句，状语为主谓宾宾补结构（they allow voters to…）。
句意为：但与海湾地区和亚洲的君主专制不同的是，大多数皇室家族之所以能够存活下来，是因为他们使选民们避免了寻找一个没有争议但又受人尊敬的公众人物的困难。
3、23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
A Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.
B The role of the nobility in modern democracies.
C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.
D The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.
答案解析：
答案精析：由题干可直接定位至原文第四段，再根据odd可定位至第四段最后一句，其中bizarre是odd的同义词，意为“奇怪的”。该句指出，经济学家们认为，在不平等日益加剧，继承财富的力量日益增强之际，富有的贵族家庭竟然依旧是现代民主国家的核心象征，这显得很奇怪。B项中贵族在现代民主社会中的角色，即指的是他们核心象征的角色，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文中出现了inherited wealth，但此处的过分依赖继承的财富指的是当前社会的一种背景，文章也并没有说明这一点是奇怪的，故排除A。原文第四段中并没有明确描述贵族家庭的生活方式，C项内容和原文无关，故排除。原文指出贵族的特权是过时并且站不住脚的（outdated and indefensible privileges），并没有说明贵族在坚持自己的特权，而且也没有指出这一点是奇怪的，故排除D项。
长难句分析：①Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
本句的句子主干为…their very history…embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities，主语为their very history。句首是由as引导的让步状语从句，使用倒装结构把Symbolic of national unity提前。两个破折号之间的内容为插入语，用于解释主语。
句意为：尽管他们自称是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史——有时甚至是他们如今的行为——都体现了过时的、站不住脚的特权和不平等。
②At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
本句为复合句，主干为…it is bizarre that…，it作形式主语。句子开头的At a time为时间状语，之后when引导定语从句修饰time，用于解释具体是哪个时间段。后半句的that引导主语从句，是该句真正的主语。
句意为：就在托马斯·皮凯蒂和其他经济学家警告人们不平等日益加剧，继承财富的力量日益增强之际，富有的贵族家庭竟然依旧是现代民主国家的象征中心，这显得很奇怪。
4、24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles ________.
A takes a tough line on political issues
B fails to change his lifestyle as advised
C takes republicans as his potential allies
D fails to adapt himself to his future role
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的have most to fear可定位至原文倒数第二段，该段是过渡段，说明英国王室最应该感到担忧，接着根据Charles定位至最后一段第二句。根据前后文语义，虽然女王保住了君主制的名誉，但危险将伴随查尔斯而来，因为他拥有奢侈的生活方式和非常严重的等级观念（expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world）。同时他也没能理解，君主制的存在是因为它们提供了一种服务，即作为无争议的、非政治性的国家元首。由此可推断出查尔斯并没有扮演好自己的角色，也没有意识到君主制的危机所在，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：原文对查尔斯的描述只提到了他的奢侈的生活方式和严重的等级观念，并没有提及他在政治上的态度，A项内容无中生有，故排除。原文虽然暗示到查尔斯的生活方式有可能是君主制走向末路的原因之一，但并没有提及有其他人建议他要改变生活方式，B项内容在原文中无依据，故排除。原文也并未提及查尔斯王子和共和党人之间的关系，故排除C项。
5、25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
B Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
C Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
D Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
答案解析：
答案精析：本题为主旨题，需要理解全文意思。文章开篇以西班牙国王退位为例，引出话题，即君主制是否末日将至？之后分别对君主制存在的积极作用和消极影响进行了描述，接着指出了君主制存在的主要问题，最后以英国王室为例说明君主制的危机所在。由此可知，作者想通过西班牙国王退位的例子来警醒欧洲王室，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：文章开篇提到了西班牙国王被迫退位一事，但在之后并没有对他有更多的描述，也没有提到他的荣耀所在，而且文章重点是在欧洲王室整体的情况上，并非西班牙国王，A项表述以偏概全，故排除。文章最后提到了查尔斯，但并没有说到有关继承王位的信息，B项表述无中生有，故排除。文章最后虽然提及查尔斯的问题给英国王室带来的危机，但此处也只是用英国王室为例来警醒整个欧洲王室，并不能作为文章的主旨，D项内容以偏概全，故排除。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
6、26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.
A prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents
B search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant
C check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的The Supreme Court和during an arrest可定位至文章首段第二句。该句提及，最高法院现在将考虑，如果在逮捕嫌犯时，其身上或周围有手机，警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机内容。由此可知，最高法院正在考虑未经授权检查嫌疑人手机内容是否合法这一问题。题目中的work out对应原文定位句中的consider，C项中的check对应原文的search，without being authorized对应原文的without a warrant。故正确答案为C。
错项排除：原文并没有信息表明是否要阻止嫌犯删除手机内容，或禁止嫌犯使用手机，A、D两项在原文中毫无依据，故排除。B项的search和without a warrant有一定的干扰性，是定位句的原词复现，但要注意细节，原文说的是搜查手机内容（search the contents of a mobile phone），并不是搜查手机本身，故B项表述有误，可排除。
长难句分析：The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
本句主干为The Supreme Court will now consider whether…，主谓宾结构，whether引导宾语从句，表谓语consider的对象。在宾语从句中，含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，该状语为主系表结构，主句是the phone is on or around a person，during an arrest作时间状语。
句意为：最高法院现在将考虑，如果在逮捕嫌犯时，其身上或周围有手机，警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下搜查手机内容。
7、27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ________.
A disapproval
B indifference
C tolerance
D cautiousness
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的California’s argument可定位至原文第三段第一句，对应原文中的California’s advice。第二段内容也出现了California，是对加利福尼亚州观点的解释。第二段说到，加州希望警方在没有搜查令的情况下可以搜查嫌疑人手机里的内容。紧接着第三段作者认为如果最高法院默许了加州的建议，那将是过于鲁莽的谦虚，由此可推断作者在暗示最高法院不应听从加州的建议。原文第四段首句也表明了，作者认为针对此问题，最高法院应该先抛弃加州蹩脚的观点。所以作者对加利福尼亚州的观点持反对态度，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：作者在原文中非常清晰的说明自己反对加州的观点，并对他们的观点进行批判，所以态度不会是“冷漠”、“宽容”或者“谨慎”的，故排除B、C和D。
长难句分析：California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
本句主干为California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling，refrain from (doing) sth.表示“克制（不做）某事”。后半句为a sweeping ruling的同位语，用于对ruling进行补充说明。第一个that引导定语从句，修饰前面的one，one指代ruling。第二个that引导同位语从句，修饰assumption，用于进一步解释assumption的内容。
句意为：加利福尼亚州已经要求法官们不要作出一刀切的裁决，尤其是不要推翻以前警方可以在嫌疑人被捕时搜查他们所有物的假定。
8、28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to ________.
A getting into one’s residence
B handling one’s historical records
C scanning one’s correspondences
D going through one’s wallet
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的exploring one’s phone contents可定位至原文第四段第三句，对应原文中的exploring one’s smartphone。该句说到，搜查一个人的智能手机更像是私闯民宅。A项中的getting into one’s residence对应原文的entering his or her home，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：由定位句后的内容可知，手机里可能会包含被捕者的历史记录和通讯信息，并非是作者用于比较的内容，故排除B、C两项。D项内容说搜查一个人的手机内容就像搜查他的钱包一样，这种观点是上文加利福尼亚州的观点，并不是作者的观点，故排除D项。
长难句分析：They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.
本句主干为They should start…，后面by discarding…suspect’s purse作方式状语，用于说明开始的方式。该状语中that引导了一个同位语从句，修饰argument，用于解释是一个什么样的argument。破折号之间的内容为插入语，作smartphone的同位语，用于对smartphone进行补充说明。
句意为：他们应该从抛弃加州蹩脚的论点开始，即搜查智能手机——一个巨大的数字信息仓库——的内容就像搜查嫌疑犯的钱包一样。
9、29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.
A principles are hard to be clearly expressed
B the court is giving police less room for action
C citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
D phones are used to store sensitive information
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位到原文第五、六段。第五段说到，作者认为美国人应享有隐私数据被保护的权利，避免无理由的搜查。第六段说到，对于警方来说，获得搜查手机的授权并不困难，而且法院也会根据情况给予警方更多自由的权力去这样做。由此可推断，作者认为公民的隐私数据很容易被侵犯，暗示他对公民隐私数据安全性的担忧，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项内容是对原文第六段首句内容的曲解，该句说到，制定的准则并不能降低确定实际界限的难度，而并非是原则很难表达，故A项表述错误。原文第六段最后一句明确说到法院也会根据情况给予警方更多自由的权力去进行相关搜查，B项内容和原文意思相悖，故排除。原文第五段第二句提到，在这些手机设备上保存敏感信息日益成为日常生活的需要，这是作者在客观描述如今的现象，而并非是作者的担忧，故D项错误。
10、30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ________.
A the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
B new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution
C California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution
D principles of the Constitution should never be altered
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Orin Kerr和comparison可定位至文章最后一段第三句。该句指出，法学教授奥林·科尔把21世纪的数据信息的激增和20世纪确定私家车为必需品作比较，来说明前一句的观点，即新的颠覆性技术有时需要对宪法保护条例进行新的运用。B项中的reinterpretation of the Constitution是原文novel applications of the Constitution’s protections的同义转述，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项内容有一定的干扰性，但要注意的是原文是说面对新技术，宪法保护条例的灵活运用，这并不能等同于灵活执行，A项内容属于过度推断，故排除。作者在原文中虽然否定了加州的观点，但并不表明它违反了宪法的原则，而且引用奥林·科尔比较的目的也并不在于证明加州观点是否违反了宪法原则。C项内容与原文不符，故排除。作者引用奥林·科尔的比较就是为了强调宪法应作出新的运用，而D项内容和原文观点相悖，故排除。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said, “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”
John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
11、31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A Science intends to simplify its peer-review process
B journals are strengthening their statistical checks
C few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
D lack of data analysis is common in research projects
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段。由首段第一句可知，《科学》杂志宣布在同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的统计检查。之后说到该政策遵循了其他期刊的类似做法，由此可直接推断出各个杂志社都在加强他们的统计审核。B项中的strengthening与原文中的adding an extra round相对应，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：根据上述分析，A项意思明显和原文意思相悖，故排除A。原文首段最后指出，此前人们普遍担心，数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已发表的研究成果无法重现，因此C项内容与文意不符，故排除C。原文说的是数据分析存在错误，而非缺乏数据分析，而且首段内容也并未提到数据分析是否缺乏的问题，故D项内容排除。
长难句分析：The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
本句为主从复合句，句子主干是The policy follows similar efforts from other journals，逗号后的after widespread concern为介宾结构作句子的时间状语，从句中的that引导同位语从句，修饰前面的concern，用于解释concern的具体内容。
句意为：该政策遵循了其他期刊的类似做法，这么做是由于人们普遍担心，数据分析中的基本错误正导致许多已发表的研究成果无法复制。
12、32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to ________.
A found
B marked
C revised
D stored
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至原文第二段第三句。要理解flag up需要对其前后文的文意进行分析。根据第三、四句的语义可知，杂志社的内部编辑、现有的评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审员将对稿件进行______，以备额外审查。然后，统计审核委员会将找到外部统计人员来审查这些稿件。把四个选项分别代入flag up可知marked（标记）一词最为贴切，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文指的是在提交稿件进行统计审核之前需要做的事情，已有的稿件不需要被found“发现”或stored“储存”，故排除A、D两项。C项revised有一定的干扰性，不太理解句意的考生会根据第二段中多次出现的review去判断flag up也应表达 “审核、修正”之意，但要注意，第二段最后一句中出现了then，说明前一句和后一句的动作发生有先后顺序之分，并不是并列的意义，故C项表述错误。
13、33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ________.
A pose a threat to all its peers
B meet with strong opposition
C increase Science’s circulation
D set an example for other journals
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Giovanni Parmigiani和the establishment of the SBoRE可定位至第四段。该段后两句说到，乔瓦尼·帕尔米强尼之所以同意加入委员会，是因为他“发现评审编辑委员会设计背后的远见卓识是新颖独特的，并可能产生持久的影响”。这种影响将不仅通过《科学》杂志本身产生，还可能通过更大范围的出版社产生，这些出版社可能想要在《科学》杂志之后模仿他们的方法。由此可推断出，乔瓦尼·帕尔米强尼认为，评审编辑委员会的建立让《科学》杂志起到了榜样的作用。故正确答案为D。
错项排除：原文说到乔瓦尼·帕尔米强尼的观点是agree to join, foresight, lasting impact（同意加入、预见、长久影响），表达的都是积极、肯定的观点，而A、B两项中的threat和opposition都是反对的观点，与原文意思相悖。故排除A、B。对于《科学》杂志的发行量的问题，乔瓦尼·帕尔米强尼并没有进行说明，D项内容属于无中生有，故排除。
14、34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ________.
A adds to researchers’ workload
B diminishes the role of reviewers
C has room for further improvement
D is to fail in the foreseeable future
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的David Vaux和Science可定位至文章最后一段最后一句。该句说到，大卫·沃克斯认为，《科学》杂志的行为有一定的好处，但也存在缺点（has some merit, but a weakness is…）。也就是说，在大卫·沃克斯看来，《科学》杂志的新措施还有进一步改善的空间，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：定位段提到了研究人员的信息，但此处说的是研究人员应该提高标准，并非是增加研究人员的工作量，A项内容与原文不符，故排除。B项在原文并未提及，故排除。大卫·沃克斯首先肯定了《科学》杂志新措施的优势，随后指出了一些不足之处，但这并不代表在未来会失败，D项内容过度引申文意，故排除。
15、35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
B Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
C Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
D Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science
答案解析：
答案精析：主旨题，需要理解全文意思。根据前文分析，本篇文章在开头部分说明了《科学》杂志宣布将增加统计审核环节，随后对此政策的操作方式和原因都进行了具体说明。最后引用专家的看法来说明此政策的意义所在。由此可知，全文都在围绕《科学》杂志的新措施进行讨论，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：文章提到了统计学家，但没有说明他们应该得到更多的尊重，也没有提到他们是否要回归《科学》杂志，而且统计学家也不是本文讨论的重点，B、D两项内容不符合文意，故排除。文章重点讨论的是论文统计审核的内容，数据分析只能作为其进行审核的一种工具，不能作为文章的主题，故排除C项。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.
Driving her point home, she continued, “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.
As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.
In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.
In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.
16、36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ________.
A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
B companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices
C governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues
D the wide misuse of integrity among institutions
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至文章前两段。第一段用伊丽莎白的话引出主题：诚信问题普遍存在。随后第二段中，伊丽莎白接着用一起电话窃听丑闻来进一步证明自己的言论。第一段第一句中的unsettling意为“令人不安的”，对应题目中的upset。第二句中的sorting mechanism（筛选机制），进一步解释正是当前这种筛选机制导致了诚信的缺失。A项内容符合原文表述，sorting mechanism是原词复现，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项有一定的干扰性，但原文第二段第二句说的是公司更有可能因为道德缺失而迷失方向（lose its way），并没有说会导致财务损失（financial loss），B项内容过度引申，故排除。第二段第一句提到政府、媒体或企业内部目标不明确和道德缺失，但这并不说明政府在处理道德问题上无能，C项内容过度推断，故排除。前两段内容一直在强调社会缺乏道德诚信，而不是滥用诚信，D项与原文意思不符，故排除。
长难句分析：This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.
本句是主从复合句，句子主干是This…absence…was wounding companies…。such as News International是用于举例说明companies，she thought为插入语。making it more likely that it would lose its way为现在分词短语作结果状语，其中的it为形式宾语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语。在该从句中，句子主干为it would lose its way，后面的as引导方式状语从句。
句意为：她认为，这种道德目的的缺失也伤害了新闻国际集团等公司，使其更有可能迷失方向，就像曾发生过的大范围非法电话窃听一样。
17、37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.
A Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
C Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge
D phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至原文第三段，第三段介绍了《世界新闻报》电话窃听案的判决结果和后续进展。第三段第二句指出目前记者们窃听了多达5500人的电话，最后两句又接着说到，其他人在等待审判。这个漫长的故事仍在继续。由此可知会有更多的记者可能因窃听电话而被判刑，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：第三段第三句提到格伦·穆凯尔承认电话窃听是大规模性的，但这并不能说明他会否认电话窃听是犯罪行为，A项内容无中生有，故排除。第三段第一句说到安迪·库尔森因合谋窃听电话而被判有罪，而他的前任，丽贝卡·布鲁克斯在同样的指控中却被判无罪，作者用前任的例子来说明社会仍存在诚信缺乏的问题，并非说明安迪·库尔森应该被认为无罪，故C项内容错误。D项内容在原文中并未提及，故排除。
长难句分析：As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.
本句是主从复合句，句子主干为…the wider issue…still stands。句首是as引导的方式状语从句，两个破折号之间的句子为插入语，用于解释具体的宣判结果，and连接了两个并列的动名词短语（finding guilty…and finding his predecessor）。句末的of dearth of integrity作issues的后置定语，修饰issues。
句意为：随着非法窃听案审判的结束——前《世界新闻报》编辑安迪·库尔森因密谋窃听电话而被判有罪，而他的前任，丽贝卡·布鲁克斯在同样的指控中却被判无罪——更广泛的诚信缺失问题仍然存在。
18、38. The author believes the Rebekah Brooks’s defence ________.
A revealed a cunning personality
B centered on trivial issues
C was hardly convincing
D was part of a conspiracy
答案解析：
答案精析：根据Rebekah Brooks defence可定位至原文第四段。第四段第二句指出一个惊人的发现是，丽贝卡·布鲁克斯对新闻编辑部里发生的事情知之甚少，她几乎没想过去询问，而且她从未询问过新闻故事是如何来的。作者在最后一句接着讽刺道，她成功辩护的核心在于她什么都不知道。由此推断，作者认为丽贝卡·布鲁克斯的辩护是难以令人信服的，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：作者只是对丽贝卡·布鲁克斯的辩护表达难以信服之意，并不能说明她的品性是否狡猾，A项内容过度推断，故排除。第四段最后一句提到丽贝卡成功辩护的核心是她什么都不知道，并非集中在琐碎的问题上，B项内容与原文不符，故排除。第四段以丽贝卡的例子来说明道德诚信缺失的问题，并没有提到有关她的什么阴谋，D项内容无中生有，故排除。
19、39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows ________.
A generally distorted values
B unfair wealth distribution
C a marginalized lifestyle
D a rigid moral code
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的current collective doctrine可定位至第五段。第三句指出，对于一代人而言，集体的信条一直是把利润当做社会的筛选机制。随后又提到一些重要的词语都是和利益相关的，而和道德诚信相关的词语都被边缘化了，这种价值观显然是被扭曲了。由此可推断，作者认为当前的集体信条体现了价值观的普遍扭曲，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：第五段第四句提到了当前集体信条的重点词语包含了财富创造，但并没有说到财富分配不公平的问题，B项内容无中生有，故排除。该段最后提到了和道德诚信相关的词语都被边缘化了，并非指生活方式边缘化，C项内容与原文不符，故排除。文章一直在强调当前社会的道德缺失问题，可见道德标准并不严格，故D项内容错误。
20、40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?
A The quality of writing is of primary importance.
B Common humanity is central to news reporting.
C Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.
D Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可直接定位至最后一段。最后一段前两句作者批判到，编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是为了促进读者明白事理，不是为了公平对待所写的内容，也不是为了揭露普遍的人性。它是为了追求发行量和影响力而毁掉人们的生活。由此可知，道德意识在编辑报纸时很重要，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：文章主要讲的是道德缺失的问题，写作质量是否重要在文中并未提及，也不是文章论述的重点，故A项错误。该段第一句指出促进读者明白事理、保证内容公平以及揭露普遍人性应该是编辑报纸的目的，并不能说共同的人性是新闻报道的中心，故C项错误。文章主题是在讨论道德诚信缺失的问题，属于思想道德层面的问题，并非指行业规则的问题，故D项错误。
喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！
