Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
1、 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) 【This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.】 (47) 【The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits】. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) 【But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.】 These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. (49) 【The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th- century explorations of North America.】 In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) 【The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.】 Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
正确答案：
参考译文：
46. 在各种强大动机的驱动下，这场迁移从荒野中建立了一个国家，并以其本质塑造了一个未知大陆的特点和命运。
47. 美国是两股主要力量的产物：一是欧洲各民族的移入，他们有着不同的思想、习俗和民族特征，二是一个新国家在改变了这些特征之后而产生的影响。
48. 但是，美洲特有的地理条件，不同民族之间的相互作用，以及在一个原始的新大陆上维持原有世界的生活方式的巨大困难，这些都造成了意义深远的变化。
49. 在十五、十六世纪的北美探索过去一百多年后，第一批载满移民的船只穿过大西洋，驶向现在的美国领土。
50. 原始森林林木茂盛、种类繁多，从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州，是一个真正的宝库。
答案解析：
生词本
diverse adj. 多种多样的
interplay n. 相互作用
wilderness n. 荒地
sheer adj. 十足的
by nature 从本质上
shipload n. 船舶运载量
destiny n. 命运
bound for 前往
uncharted adj. 未知的
territory n. 领土
principal adj. 主要的
exploration n. 探索
varied adj. 不同的
virgin adj. 未经开发的
modify v. 改变
treasure-house 宝库
geographic adj. 地理的
extend v. 延伸
peculiar to 特有的
表达难点：
46. ①本句是由and连接的并列句，第二个and前后是句子的两个谓宾成分。②本句主干为This movement…built a nation…and…shaped the character and destiny…，driven by…motivations为插入语作后置定语修饰前面的主语This movement，用于解释迁移的原因，可译为“在……的推动下，这场迁移……”。③built a nation out of a wilderness可译为“从荒野中建立了一个国家”， ④shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent可译为“塑造了一个未知大陆的特点和命运”。⑤两个谓宾结构中间的by its nature为插入语，作状语，可译为“就其本质而言”，修饰后面的谓语和宾语。
47. ①本句主干为The United States is the product of two principal forces，主系表结构，可译为“美国是两股主要力量的产物”。②破折号表示解释说明，用于对前面的主句进行进一步的解释或补充。破折号后是两个并列的同位语，由and连接，可译为“一是……，二是……”。③第一个同位语the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics中，with…characteristics是介词短语作后置定语，修饰European peoples，用于解释是什么样子的欧洲民族。the immigration of European peoples可译为“欧洲各民族的移入”。④第二个同位语the impact of a new country which modified these traits中，which引导定语从句，修饰country。modified意为“修改”，traits意为“特征”。
48. ①本句主干为But the force…, the interplay…, and the sheer difficulty…, caused significant changes，主语由三个并列的名词短语构成，三个主语后都有of构成后置定语修饰前面的名词，大意为“三种力量导致了巨大的变化”。②第一个主语为the force of…America。geographic conditions可译为“地理条件”，peculiar to America作后置定语修饰conditions，可译为“美国特有的”。③第二个主语为the interplay of…one another。interplay可译为“相互作用”。④第三个主语为the sheer difficulty of…continent。sheer可译为“绝对的，彻底的”，和difficulty连用可译为“巨大困难”。
49. ①本句的主干为The first shiploads…crossed the Atlantic…，主谓宾结构。主语部分较为复杂，bound for the territory为后置定语，修饰shiploads，可译为“载满移民的船只驶向领土”。②后面的which引导定语从句，修饰territory，用于解释是什么样的领土，可译为“如今被称之为美国的地方”。③句子后半部分more than…North America为时间状语，可译为“在十五、十六世纪的北美探索过去一百多年后”。按照中文表达的逻辑，可把时间状语放在句首翻译。
50. ①本句主干为The virgin forest…was a real treasure-house…，主系表结构，可译为“原始森林是一个真正的宝库”。 ②The virgin forest为主语，with its richness and variety of trees为后置定语，修饰主语，用于说明是一个什么样的原始森林，richness意为“丰富”。③句子后半部分的which引导了一个定语从句，修饰treasure-house，用于补充说明是一个什么样的宝库。extended意为“延伸”， Maine和Georgia是美国的缅因州和乔治亚州，extended…all the way down可译为“一路延伸下来”。
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