Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
1、 The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)________________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity. (42) ________________ This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction. Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ________________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ________________ This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ________________ That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.【A】It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.【B】However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.【C】The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.【D】The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.【E】These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.【F】Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.【G】During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
正确答案：EFBGC
答案解析：
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
选项分析
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy beliefs.
译文：可能是，我们正在演化出两种类型的社会科学家：一种是注重学科并且在专业性强的期刊上发表论文的；另一种是注重问题并在其他期刊（如政策简报）上发表论文的。
[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
译文：然而，这一数量仍然太小：在2010年，全球发表的十万篇社会科学论文中大约只有1600篇包含这些关键词之一。
[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
译文：这一计划迫使社会科学家把他们的工作与其他类别的工作结合起来，包括健康和人口变化、食品安全、海洋研究、生物经济、清洁高效的能源，以及包容、创新、安全的社会。
[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.
译文：解决它的方法是去改变学术界的思维定势和主要研究目标。来自全球的挑战和社会的创新应该吸引科学家，尤其是年轻科学家们的关注。
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior; all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns, and promoting tax acceptance as it its about developing clean energy.
译文：这些问题的根本原因出在人类行为上，而这些问题都需要人们做出行为改变、社会变革和技术进步。以气候变化为例，如果要应对气候变化，就需要改变消费模式和税收制度的可行性，还需要开发清洁能源。
[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
译文：尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家似乎不愿直面这些问题。在欧洲，有些人提议取消对社会科学研究的资助，转而把社会科学合并到其他课题中，作为可持续发展研究的一部分。
[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
译文：20世纪90年代末期，国家在社会科学和人文学科上的投入，包括来自政府、高等教育、非营利组织和公司的投入约4%到25%，而这个数字在欧洲多数国家大约为15%。
解析
答案精析：本题出题位置在第二段主旨句之后，第二段第一句为人类面临的问题，第二段末尾提及人类拥有消除饥饿所需要的技术，因此空白处应填入与人类面临的全球性问题有关的信息。E项中的These issues承接上文问题，并与下文中these problems are social呼应，并且空格后的necessary agro-technological tools与E项的technological development对应，所以选E。
答案精析：本题出题位置为第三段主旨句，填入空白的句子需要承上启下，并能概括第三段内容。第二段最后描述现在亟待社科界研究的一些社会问题，说明第三段应以这些问题来展开。第三段第二句开始到第四段结束都在介绍社会科学在现实中的作用，以及对现实世界产生的影响，因此空格中的句子应与社会科学界本身的看法或反应有关。F项的主语是社会科学家，表示他们对现在社会科学界面临的严峻形势的反对态度，代入文中后符合文意，因此选F。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第五段主旨句后面，文章从第四段到第五段第一句均在描述近期社会科学的研究方向，因此空白处应填入与论文研究相关的信息。根据上文...have increased rapidly since 2004可知，B选项对论文数目的介绍最能承接上文。
干扰项排除： A项也是与论文发表有关的论述，但其关注点并非上文所述的论文发表数量，而是论文发表方式，所以与上文不能构成承接关系，故排除。
答案精析：本题出题位置在第六段第二句。上一句为本段主旨句，提到社会科学研究基金的有关信息。而下一句继续提及现有的基金短缺情况并非属实，所以空白处填入的信息应与基金有关。G项介绍了各国在社会科学上的资金投入量，与前一句the amount of available funding呼应，也与下文中的This is an adequate amount对应。因此G为正确选项。
干扰项排除：D项与上文的第四至六段可以呼应，但如果填入与基金关系密切的第七段中则显然偏题。F项也有对基金问题的提及，但despite these factors找不到对应主语，文段没有提及是哪些因素，因此也排除。
答案精析：本段出题位置在第七段倒数第二句，需要承接上文的Horizon 2020这一主语，介绍这一计划的作用。并能引出最后一句以总结本段和全文的立场。本段对Horizon 2020的目的进行论述，所以空白处应填入这一计划对社会科学界的影响。只有C项体现了that should create more collaborative endeavors...，并承接上文的Horizon 2020为主语，所以为正确答案。
干扰项排除：D选项也具有概括性，并可以承接Horizon 2020，体现了社会科学家应对这一计划的方法。但（年轻）科学家与对Horizon 2020的适应并无直接关系，且与下文的collaborative endeavors不能构成通顺的逻辑，因此排除。
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