Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Every Saturday morning, at 9 a.m., more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation”. The success of Parkrun offers answers.
Parkun is not a race but a time trial: your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
1、21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has ________.
A gained great popularity
B created many jobs
C strengthened community ties
D become an official festival
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 1和Parkrun可定位至文章首段。根据第一段可知，“公园跑”参加人数有五万多人，英国有400个类似的项目，最后一句提及参与“公园跑”的人涉及各个年龄阶段。由此可知，“公园跑”的参与人数多，涉及各个年龄阶段，普及程度很高，故选择A项。
错项排除：文章提及公园跑活动的工作人员由数千名志愿者组成，而B项则是对文章信息的误读，因此排除B项。文章在最后一段出现了community，但没有具体说明跑步对社区的影响，故排除C项。文章第二段出现official，但并未提到这是一个官方的节日，并且文章提及参与人数多，老少皆有，说明活动是民间的，因此排除D项。
2、22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to ________.
A boost population growth
B promote sport participation
C improve the city’s image
D increase sport hours in schools
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的London’s Olympic “legacy” 和failed可定位至第二段第一句。该段第四句指出了伦敦奥运会的期望是国民可以健康（fitter, healthier），随后紧接着说到这一期望并没有发生。随后指出成人和小学生的运动参与人数和时间均有下降。该段末尾也提到肥胖率上升（obesity has risen）。由此可见，伦敦奥运会没有达到人们的期望，未能有效促进民众参加体育运动，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章第二段提到the general population was growing faster，“人口增长”是自然规律，并非是未能实现的目标，因此排除A项。原文中并未提及提升城市形象的内容，因此排除C项。第二段倒数第四句提到“每周进行两小时体育锻炼的小学生的数量几乎减半”，由此可知，伦敦奥运会“遗留影响”未能增加校内体育锻炼的时间，因此D项错误。
3、23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ________.
A aims at discovering talents
B focuses on mass competition
C does not emphasize elitism
D does not attract first-timers
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的different和Olympic games可定位至第三段第四句。定位句中的by contrast前后内容对“公园跑”和奥运会作了对比。by contrast前面的内容说到，“公园跑”并不是一种比赛，而且它欢迎所有人参加。by contrast后面的内容说到，奥运会拥护者想让更多的人进行体育运动，以产生更多的精英运动员。由此可见，“公园跑”的目的并不在于产生精英，原文中的elite athletes对应C项中的elitism，因此选择C项。
错项排除：由原文定位句可知，“公园跑”的目的不在于发现人才，因此A项错误。文章指出公园跑的目的在于大众参与，而非大众竞争，因此排除B项。文章第三段指出，公园跑能吸引首次参加运动的人，因此D项错误。
4、24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should ________.
A organize “grassroots” sports events
B supervise local sports associations
C increase funds for sports clubs
D invest in public sports facilities
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的mass sport和governments可定位到文章第四段第二句。定位句指出，如果政府可以扮演角色，它应该致力于提供公共设施（providing common goods），确保有地方修建运动场。由此可知，作者认为政府应该投资建设公共体育设施，故答案为D项。
错项排除：文章第四段首句提到，如果国家像社区体育协会那样组织“草根”体育活动的话，听起来会有点可笑，因此A项错误。B项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章未提及对体育俱乐部增加资金投入，因此排除C项。
5、25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is ________.
A tolerant
B critical
C uncertain
D sympathetic
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的关键词author’s attitude和UK governments可定位至文章第四段第三至五句。根据定位句可知，历届政府掌管着售卖绿地，压榨地方政府的资金，不关注体育教育。而作者在之前提到，政府应该投资建设公共体育设施。但是政府的作为完全与作者的期望相反，因此作者是在批判政府的一系列行为，因此选择B项。
错项排除：从作者对政府的指责可知，作者对政府的态度非常明确，其他选项中的宽容、同情和不确定都不正确。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
6、26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ________.
A simplify routine matters
B absorb user attention
C better interpersonal relations
D increase work efficiency
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中Jenny Radesky和designed to可定位至第一段第二句。该定位句指出，珍妮·罗德斯基在她关于数字游戏的研究中指出，技术设计的初衷就是把你吸引住，数码产品本身就是要让关注达到最大化。由此可知，罗德斯基认为数字产品设计的初衷就是吸引用户，B项是对原文中suck on you in和maximal engagement的同义改写。因此选择B项。
错项排除：第一段结尾出现routine，但这里说的是数码产品渗透到家庭日常生活（family routine），并没有提到简化问题，因此A项错误。C项在原文中未提及，故排除。原文没有提到工作效率，并且与家庭场景不符，因此排除D项。
7、27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ________.
A takes away babies’ appetite
B distracts children’s attention
C slows down babies’ verbal development
D reduces mother-child communication
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的food-testing exercise可定位至第二段第一、二句。根据定位句可知，罗德斯基通过测试发现，使用电子设备的母亲与孩子的口头互动减少了20%，而非语言交流则减少了30%。由此可见，母亲使用电子设备会减少母子间的交流，原文中的interactions对应D项中的communication，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章对罗德斯基的测试进行了描述，未提及宝宝的食欲或分散注意力问题，因此排除A项和B项。文章中提及实验中母子会减少语言交流，但这并不能说明会减缓宝宝的语言发展，因此C项错误。
8、28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that ________.
A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
B verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
C children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
D parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的still face experiment可定位至第三段中的第二至四句。第三句指出母亲由正常交流变得面无表情时，孩子会感到迷惑和不安。之后又提及父母应对孩子的情感需求作出反应和保持敏感（responsive and sensitive）。由此可推断出“静止面部实验”的目的是要求父母对孩子们的情感需求做出回应，因此选择D项。
错项排除：文章指出孩子会对空洞的表情感到苦恼，因此A项错误。原文没有论述言语表达和情感交流之间的关系，因此排除B项。原文第三段第三句指出，母亲表情发生变化时，孩子是有所察觉和反映的，因此C项错误。
9、29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to ________.
A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
B teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
C ensure constant interaction with their children
D remain concerned about kids’ use of screens
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的oppressive ideology和requires parents可定位至文章第四段第一句。根据定位句可知，关于孩子使用电子设备的焦虑是来自一种“具有压抑性的意识形态，该理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动”。由此可知，特罗尼克提出的压制性意识形态要求父母确保孩子之间经常互动，原文中always be interacting对应C项中的constant interaction，因此选择C项。
错项排除：文章提及这种意识形态具有想象性，但并未说明保护孩子不受疯狂幻想的影响，故排除A项。原文提及三万个词汇，但并未说明每年教孩子至少三万个词汇，故排除B项。原文并没有说父母要对孩子使用电子产品担心，事实上孩子使用电子产品也会给父母带来好处，D项与原文相悖，故排除。
长难句分析：On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children.
本句为复合句，On the other hand为插入语，表示转折。主句部分为Tronick himself is concerned，其后跟宾语从句that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology；而宾语从句中包含定语从句that demands…修饰ideology，和宾语从句that parents should always be interacting” with their children，作demands的宾语。
句意为：另一方面，特罗尼克本人担心，关于孩子使用电子设备的焦虑是来自一种“具有压抑性的意识形态”，该理念要求父母应该与孩子一直保持互动。
10、30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may ________.
A give their parents some free time
B make their parents more creative
C help them with their homework
D help them become more attentive
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Tronick和kids’ use of screens可定位至第四段第二句。根据定位句可知，特罗尼克认为，即使孩子们不能从屏幕里学到东西，不代表它没有价值，尤其是如果它让父母有时间洗澡、做家务或者从照顾孩子中得到休息。由此可知，孩子们使用电子设备会让他们的父母有一些自由的时间。因此选择A项。
错项排除：文章并未指出父母的创造力是否与使用电子设备有关，因此排除B项。原文提及让父母有时间做家务，并未说明使用电子设备会帮助他们做作业，因此C项错误。原文并未提及孩子使用电子设备与注意力之间的关系，因此排除D项。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
11、31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that ________.
A they think it academically misleading
B they have a lot of fun to expect in college
C it feels strange to do differently from others
D it seems worthless to take off-campus courses
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的reasons和not taking a gap year可定位至原文第一段。第一段第一句说到学生常常完全忽视间隔年这一选择，紧接着，第二句给出了具体原因：高中毕业生看到身边认识的人都在秋季上大学了，自己却要落后一年，看起来很愚蠢。由此可知，度过间隔年与其他人做法不同，并且这会让自己显得很愚蠢，因此很多高中毕业生不选择度过间隔年，正确答案为C项。
错项排除：第一段最后一句出现academic，此处说的是花一年时间做跟学习无关的事（spend a year doing something that isn’t academic），与对学业产生误导无关，因此排除A项。原文没有提及高中毕业生对高校生活的期待，因此排除B项。D项中的off-campus courses并未在原文中提及，故排除。
12、32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps ________.
A keep students from being unrealistic
B lower risks in choosing careers
C ease freshmen’s financial burdens
D relieve freshmen of pressures
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Studies from the US and Australia可定位至原文第三段第一、二句。根据定位句可知，间隔年并不会拖学生的后腿，而会促进学生进步，让他们更能适应未来的独立生活、新责任和新的环境变化。段末也提到间隔年可以减轻大学生为适应新环境所受到的冲击。由此可知，间隔年有助于缓解大学新生的压力，故选择D项。
错项排除：文章并未提及大学生是否会变得不现实，因此排除A项。原文第四段提出专业选择的问题，但没有说到职业选择，因此B项错误。第四段第一句中提及financial impact，这里说的是指出间隔年对大学专业的选择有经济的影响，即间隔年可以避免学生因选错专业而花冤枉钱，并不是说它可以减轻大学生的经济负担，因此C项错误。
13、33. The word “acclimation” (Line 7, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
A adaptation
B application
C motivation
D competition
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中“acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3)可定位至文章第三段最后一句。根据定位句可知，间隔年可以让学生调整状态，适应大学生活，学生因此能更加专注学业和学生活动上。making it…是定位句的结果状语，其逻辑主语也是句首的Gap year（间隔年）。结果状语是为对其主语“间隔年”的作用做进一步说明，由此可知，“acclimation”与前面的“adjusting”有关系，因此正确答案为A项。
错项排除：本段未涉及“应用”、“动机”和“竞争”等问题，因此排除B、C、D三项。
14、34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them ________.
A avoid academic failures
B establish long-term goals
C switch to another college
D decide on the right major
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的save money和by helping可定位至文章第四段第一句。根据定位句可知，如果度过间隔年不能让你寻找自己的兴趣的内在价值，可以想想间隔年对未来的学业选择的经济价值。随后作者指出，大多数大学生换过专业，而换专业需要花费更多的钱，因此利用间隔年想清楚自己的专业可以帮助学生节省金钱，因此D项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及学业失败和设立长期目标，因此A项和B项错误。原文一直在讨论换专业的问题，并未涉及转到其他大学，因此C项错误。
15、35. The most suitable title for this text would be ________.
A In Favor of the Gap Year
B The ABCs of the Gap Year
C The Gap Year Comes Back
D The Gap Year: A Dilemma
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的title for this text可知，本题需要通读全文，并概括文章大意。文章开头提出高中毕业生往往不会考虑度过间隔年再去上大学；之后提出间隔年有利于学生的学业，第三段和第四段分别从心理准备和经济影响两个方面介绍间隔年的好处，因此整篇文章都在介绍间隔年的好处，因此A项（支持间隔年）更符合题意。
错项排除：文章并未介绍间隔年的基本情况，因此B项错误。文章第一段指出，大部分高中毕业生不会选择间隔年，谈不上间隔年会come back，因此排除C项。作者在文章中的态度非常明确，提出了间隔年的优点，因此D项中的“两难选择”有误，故排除。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going toward the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affects the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.
For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
16、36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ______.
A exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C severely damaged the ecology of western states
D caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的wildfires和in 2015可定位至文章第二段第一句。根据定位句可知，美国森林管理局将过半的年度预算用于消防工作，这一比例是20年前的两倍，并且这一花费之高是首次出现的情况。由此可知，花费在火灾上的预算百分比发到了历史最高值。因此选择B项。
错项排除：第二段第一句提到的for the first time，第二段第二句中的management确实在A项中有所体现，但这属于细节拼凑，原文并没有说到此项内容，因此排除A项。第一段出现western states和ecology，但前者说的是野火通常被视为西部各州的问题，而后者指莫里兹的身份（火灾生态学专家），因此C项为断章取义，故排除。原文第二段最后一句说到infrastructure upkeep（基础设施维护）问题，但这里说的是对此项花费更少了（fewer federal funds），与D项内容不符，因此D项错误。
17、37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to ________.
A raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B avoid the redirection of federal money
C find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D guarantee safer spending of public funds
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“a magnifying glass”可定位至文章第四段第二句。定位句指出，我们需要戴上放大镜看待此事。根据前一句可知，从公共支出的角度看，这对全国人民来说已经是个大问题了。而定位句后一句指出，我们是不是要把那些资金改投到土地风险更低的地方？由此可知，“公共开支”问题就是需要用放大镜看待的问题，而段末的反问句则是在暗示公共开支应该用在风险较低的地方。因此使用“放大镜”是为了确保公共基金更安全地使用，因此选择D项。
错项排除：原文未提及为易发火灾地区筹集更多的经费，也未提及不发生火灾的地区，因此A项和C项错误。原文第四段最后一句提及，经费流向改变，但只是以规避高风险地区为例，并未提及联邦经费的流向，因此B项错误。
18、38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that ________.
A public debates have not settled yet
B fire-fighting conditions are improving
C other factors should not be overlooked
D a shift in the view of fire has taken place
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的a key element和Moritz notes可定位至第七段。根据第七段可知，莫里兹认为尽管气候确实是一个关键因素，但不应忽视其他因素的影响。at the expense of sth.意为“以损失某物为代价”，the rest of the equation指“其余影响因素”，不应该以牺牲其他因素为代价，也就是说不能忽视其他因素，比如第八段提到的人与环境，因此C项正确。
错项排除：文章未提及大众是否对此话题进行了讨论，因此排除A项。第六段第一句指出温室气体导致火灾更易发生，并未说明扑灭火灾的条件正在改善，因此排除B项。第五段提出人们应该改变观念，换一种方式看待火灾，而不是已经改变，因此D项错误。
19、39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to ________.
A discover the fundamental makeup of nature
B explore the mechanism of the human systems
C maximize the role of landscape in human life
D understand the interrelations of man and nature
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的overly simplified view可定位至第八段第二句。根据定位句可知，如果不能理解这一点将会导致在思考可能的解决办法时观点过于简单。根据第八段首句可知，人类社会跟我们所处的环境是联系的，其中互动是双向的。定位句所说的“如果不能理解这一点”指的就是如果不能理解人类社会和自然环境是相联系的。因此选择D项。
错项排除：A项和B项都是单纯提到自然和人类，不涉及两者之间的关系，故可排除。文章提及要意识到两者之间的关系，但并未提及最大化自然环境在人类生活中的作用，因此排除C项。
20、40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should ________.
A do away with
B come to terms with
C pay a price for
D keep away from
答案解析：
答案精析：根据Professor Balch和fire可定位至倒数两段。倒数第二段段首首句提到，人们依然认为火是一种需要被完全控制，在必要时才释放的东西。随后用But表示转折，鲍尔奇教授提出，火在人类生活中是不可避免的，这种态度对法律和政策的制定，以及将火尽量控制在安全范围之内是非常重要的。由此可知，鲍尔奇教授认为对于火的必然存在，人们应该采取一种接受的态度，因此选择B项。
错项排除：文章提到鲍尔奇教授将人们想要完全消除和控制火灾的想法作为一种谬论批判，因此A项错误。原文中并未提及要付出代价，因此排除C项。文章最后提及人们不能隔断人类与火的联系，因此D项错误，故排除。
长难句分析：But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.
本句主语为acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life，表语为an attitude，表语的后置定语为crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices，其后为that引导的定语从句，修饰laws, policies and practices，she says为插入语，用于说明信息的来源。
句意为：但是，我们要知道火在人类生活中是不可避免的，这种态度对法律和政策的制定，以及将火尽量控制在安全范围之内是非常重要的，她说。
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