Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
1、 Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner: some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
正确答案:
参考译文
多数人会把乐观当作无休止的快乐,以及觉得杯子永远只有半满的心态。但积极的心理学家恰恰不推荐这种假装愉悦的心态。一名哈佛大学的教授塔尔·本沙哈尔说:“健康的乐观意味着要与现实接轨。”根据本·沙哈尔的观点,实用主义乐观者是把已发生的事情做到最好的人,而不是相信所有事情都会往最好方向发展的人。
本·沙哈尔进行了三项乐观主义训练。当他感到不开心,比如讲座讲得很糟糕时,他正视自己作为普通人的身份。他提醒自己,不是所有的讲座都会赢得诺贝尔奖,总有一些人会比其他人效率低一些。接下来是重构。他分析那些讲得不好的讲座,从讲座中有效和无效的信息中吸取教训以在未来做好。最后是洞察力,包括要认识到在生命的长河中,一次失败的讲座算不了什么。
答案解析:
生词本
optimism n. 乐观
perpetually adv. 永恒地
cheerfulness n. 高兴
recommend vt. 推荐
optimist n. 乐观主义者
realistic adj. 现实的
permission n. 批准
reconstruction n. 重构
perspective n. 洞察力
acknowledge vt. 承认
grand adj. 宏大的
scheme n. 计划
表达难点
第一句:Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.
本句由主句Most people... endlessly happy,状语with a glass和that后的定语从句构成。主句中情态动词+实意动词作谓语,would表虚拟语气,optimism为宾语,as being endlessly happy是宾语补足语,前半句译为“大部分人会把乐观定义为无休止的快乐”。with a glass结合语境可知此处为比喻意义,with译作“如同,就像”,that后引导定语从句修饰a glass,perpetually表示“永远”。这部分译为“就像一个永远半满的杯子”。
第二句:But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.
本句包含定语从句,第二个that后的主谓结构修饰false cheerfulness,wouldn’t表示虚拟语气,与第一句中的would呼应。主句的the kind of false cheerfulness为表语,故本句译为:但积极的科学家们不推荐这种虚假的快乐。
第三句:“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.
本句为Tal Ben-Shahar的话,being动名词作宾语,in touch with译为“与……保持联系”,本句译为“健康的乐观主义者代表着与现实保持联系”;引号后says谓语倒装,a Harvard professor是Tal Ben-Shahar的同位语。本句译为:哈佛大学教授塔尔·本沙哈尔说:“健康的乐观意味着要与现实接轨。”
第四句:According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
本句主干为realistic optimists are those…, but not those…,为主系表结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰第一个those,表示“那些……的人”。make the best of译作“把……做到最好”。而从句that happen又作定语,修饰things,表示“发生了的事情”。这部分译为“根据本·沙哈尔的说法,实用主义的乐观者是那些把已经发生的事情做到最好的人”。第二个who引导的定语从句中,believe后接省略that的宾语从句,后半句译为“不是那些相信所有事情都会往最好方向发展的人”。
第五句:Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises.
本句为一个主谓宾简单句,exercises在此译为“练习方法”,本句译为“本·沙哈尔使用三种培养乐观情绪的练习方法”。
第六句:When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.
本句前半句为条件状语从句,破折号后为When he feels down的举例,down作形容词,译为“失落的,不开心的”,say译作“比如”。主句中的不定式作定语,be human译为“做凡人”,即他告诉自己,自己并非圣贤。整句译为“当他感觉失落时,比如做了一场不成功的演讲时,他会告诉自己他只是个凡人”。
第七句:He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner: some will be less effective than others.
本句中that宾语从句指代He reminds himself的内容,而分号后的简单句与not every lecture can be a Nobel winner并列,some后省略了lectures。整句译为:他告诉自己不是所有的讲座都能赢得诺贝尔奖,有些讲座会比其他的讲座稍逊色些。
第八句:Next is reconstruction.
本句为主系表结构,Next作名词,表示“下一步的事情”,本句译为:下一步就是重构。
第九句: He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t.
本句中的现在分词表递进关系,表明learning lessons是在analyzes the weak lecture的基础上进行的。what doesn’t 后省略了work。整句译为:他分析那些讲得不好的讲座,从有效和无效的信息中吸取教训以在未来做好。
第十句:Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
本句主句为there is perspective,这里perspective译为“洞察力”,which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰perspective。该从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。整句译为:最后是洞察力,包括认识到在生命的长河中,一场讲座没什么大不了的。
喵呜刷题:让学习像火箭一样快速,快来微信扫码,体验免费刷题服务,开启你的学习加速器!