Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009, Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.
Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.
The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
1、21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for ________.
A gaining excessive profits
B failing to fulfill her duty
C refusing to make compromises
D leaving the board in tough times
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 1和criticized可定位至原文第一段第二、三句。首段第二句指出西蒙斯女士同时任职高盛外部董事和布朗大学校长期间without much criticism（并未招致太多批评），第三句指出但在2009年底，她任职高盛公司薪酬委员会时under fire（招致批评），后面的反问句指出了原因：她对巨额奖金的支出unremarked（不闻不问）。可见她受到批评是因为没有尽到职责，让巨额资金莫名地流失了，故B选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文虽然提及enormous bonus payouts（巨额奖金支出），但并不是西蒙斯女士自己获得了这笔钱，而是她错误地发放了这笔资金，故A选项错误。原文并未涉及compromise，C选项属于无中生有，故错误。原文只是提到2010年2月份时，西蒙斯女士离开了董事会，并未说明是困难时期，且她离开董事会并非招致批评的原因，故D选项错误。
2、22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be ________.
A generous investors
B unbiased executives
C share price forecasters
D independent advisers
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至原文第二段首句。该句指出外部董事应该作为helpful, yet less biased, advisers（可以提供帮助、少带偏见的顾问）。后文对此进行了详细阐述，外部董事要有足够的independence to disagree（提出不同意见的独立性），在困难时期能根据自己的经验give advice（提出建议）。可见外部董事应该是独立的顾问，故D选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文虽然指出外部董事having made their wealth（已经赢得财富），但并未提及他们是否慷慨，也不能体现他们是投资者，故A选项错误。原文虽然指出外部董事应该less biased（带有较少偏见的），但他们应是作为advisers（顾问），而不是executives（高管），故B选项错误。原文只是提到在the share price, is falling（股价下跌时），外部董事可以给出建议，并不是说他们可以预测股价，故C选项错误。
3、23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likely to ________.
A become more stable
B report increased earnings
C do less well in the stock market
D perform worse in lawsuits
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Ohio University和surprise departure可定位至原文第三段第四、五句。这两句指出，外部董事突然离职后，公司需要重申收益的可能性上涨20%，卷入联邦集体诉讼的几率上涨，股票表现变差。C选项是对原文中the stock is likely to perform worse的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A选项中more stable是根据第三段最后一句中more stable设置的干扰项，原文提到外部董事离开更危险的小公司，寻求更加稳定的大公司，并不是说外部董事离开后，公司会变得更加稳定，故A选项错误。B选项是根据原文中earnings increased by 20%设置的干扰项，原文中increased的主语是the possibilities，并非earnings，故B选项错误。原文只是提到公司卷入诉讼的几率增加，并未提及公司在诉讼中的表现如何，故D选项错误。
4、24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors ________.
A may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
B have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
C are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
D will decline incentives from the firm
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至最后一段。最后一段指出，即使以往记录显示，在外部董事仍旧在任期间有失误发生，只要在坏消息爆出之前离开，就可以更容易地避免名誉受损。想在困难时期留住外部董事的公司则需要create incentive（创建奖励机制）。言下之意，外部董事可能会因为奖励而留下来，故A选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文只是提到，失误发生时外部董事在公司任职，但并未说明是外部董事产生失误，故B选项错误。C选项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故错误。D选项与原文文意相反，故错误。
长难句分析：But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.
本句主干为the researchers believe that …，为主谓宾结构，宾语为that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中嵌套了if引导的条件状语从句和even if引导的让步状语从句，而if引导的条件状语从句中嵌套了before引导的时间状语从句；even if引导的让步状语从句中嵌套了省略that的宾语从句they were on the board充当shows的宾语，该宾语从句中嵌套了省略引导词的定语从句any wrongdoing occurred充当time的后置定语。
句意为：但是研究者认为，即使以往记录显示，失误发生在外部董事仍在董事会任职期间，只要外部董事在坏消息爆出之前离开，就可以更容易地避免名誉受损。
5、25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is ________.
A permissive
B positive
C scornful
D critical
答案解析：
答案精析：通读全文可知，作者只在第二段重点描述了外部董事的角色，认为他们是helpful, less biased adviser（能带来帮助的、少有偏见的顾问），并指出外部董事在公司危难时应该给出建议，可见作者对外部董事角色的态度是积极的，故B选项为正确答案。
错项排除：题干问的是对外部董事角色的态度，并非对其行为的态度，因而“纵容”一说并不成立，故A选项错误。作者对外部董事在公司危机时明哲保身，抽身而退的行为确实有一些嘲讽和批评，但这并不是对外部董事角色的态度，故C、D选项错误。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
6、26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper ________.
A neglected the sign of crisis
B failed to get state subsidies
C were not charitable corporations
D were in a desperate situation
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至原文第一段第四句。从本段中的the end seemed near，doom，save等短语和词汇可以判断，报纸生存境况堪忧，需要拯救，故D选项为正确答案。
错项排除：A选项中的sign of crisis出现在第二段首句，此处表明报纸业危机迹象不明显，并非报纸业忽视了危机的征兆，故A选项错误。原文只是提到拯救报纸业的讨论涉及国家是否需要提供救济津贴或者报业是否要变成慈善机构，并不是报纸业未获得津贴或不是慈善机构，故B、C选项错误。
7、27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________.
A readers threatened to pay less
B newspapers wanted to reduce costs
C journalists reported little about these areas
D subscribers complained about slimmer products
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的refused delivery to distant suburbs可定位至原文第三段第五句。该段介绍了报纸采取的各种措施以维持运营：裁减记者、涨价、缩减内容、拒绝向偏远地区配送。第三段最后一句的these…measures指代前文提到的这些措施，可知拒绝配送和裁减记者是一样的目的：降低成本，stay afloat（维持生存），故B选项为正确答案。
错项排除：A选项与原文中readers are paying more的说法相悖，且这不是报纸拒绝配送的理由，故错误。C选项在原文中没有体现，属于无中生有，故错误。原文提到内容缩水，但并未提及读者对此的反应，D选项的complained没有原文依据，故错误。
8、28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________.
A have more sources of revenue
B have more balanced newsrooms
C are less dependent on advertising
D are less affected by readership
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Japanese newspapers可定位至原文第四段最后一句。Not surprisingly表明日本报纸行业更稳定的原因在前文。前文指出美国报纸行业收入highly unusual in their reliance on ads（过度依赖广告），2008年收入的87%来自广告，而日本报纸业只有35%，可见日本报纸行业更稳定的原因在于对广告的依赖更少，故C选项为正确答案
错项排除：原文只是对比了广告在美国和日本报纸行业收入中的占比，并未对比两者的收入来源，故A选项错误。原文中balanced修饰的是businesses，并非newsrooms，故B选项错误。原文中提到收入来源有读者和广告两方面，广告收入在日本报纸行业占35%，读者应该占65%，即日本受读者的影响更大，故D选项错误。
9、29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?
A Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.
B Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
C Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.
D Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至文章最后一段。该段指出，受损最严重的是least distinctive（最不具有独特性）的部分，也就是说具有独特性的部分被保留了，可见与众不同对报纸业至关重要，故A选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文只是提到完整性不再是报纸维持生存的优势，但并不能得出完整性导致报纸的衰败，故B选项错误。原文指出海外分社被无情裁撤，可见它对报纸并不那么重要，故C选项错误。原文提到汽车和电影评论被删除是因为没有特色，并未提及读者对此不感兴趣，故D选项错误。
10、30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________.
A American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival
B American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind
C American Newspapers: A Thriving Business
D American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
答案解析：
答案精析：原文首段就指出，美国报业不像一年前那样衰败，在第二段指出美国报业have not only survived but often returned to profit（不仅生存了下来，还恢复了盈利），并介绍了美国报业为之采取的各项措施，可见文章是在介绍美国报业在危机中奋力求生，故A选项为正确答案。
错项排除：B、D选项与原文中returned to profit相悖，过于悲观，故错误。C选项中Thriving过于乐观，与原文中It has not been much fun（情况并不乐观）相悖，故错误。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
11、31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ ________.
A prosperity and growth
B efficiency and practicality
C restraint and confidence
D pride and faithfulness
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的postwar和housing style可定位至原文第二段最后一句。该句指出，经济大萧条和二战时的restraint（克制）以及战后对未来的confidence（信心）使小巧实用的房子变得流行，可见美国住房风格反映了美国人的克制和信心，故C选项为正确答案。
错项排除：A选项出现在原文第一段，指得是二战后的时代特征，并非美国人的特征，故A选项错误。题干问的是美国住房特点所反映出的美国人的特点，B选项是美国住房的特点，不是美国人的特点，故错误。D选项在原文中并未提及，故错误。
12、32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?
A It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
B Its designing concept was affected by World War II.
C Most American architects used to be associated with it.
D It had a great influence upon American architecture.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中Paragraph 3和Bauhaus可定位至原文第三段第二句。该句指出，包豪斯是一家设计学校，后一句的these designers指的是本段第二句中的“与包豪斯相关”，移民到美国并在美国建筑学校任职的人，这些人对美国建筑exert enormous influence（产生了巨大影响），D选项中的a great influence是对此表述的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文提到“少即是多”的理念是由米斯提出的，并非是包豪斯学院由米斯创立，故A选项错误。原文并未提到包豪斯的设计理念，故B选项错误。原文只是提到与包豪斯有关的设计师移民美国，并非大多数美国设计师都与包豪斯有关，故C选项错误。
长难句分析：The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.
本句主干为The phrase… was actually first popularized by a German，为主谓宾结构，“less is more”是phrase的同位语。the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe是German的同位语。who引导的非限制性定语从句的主干是who emigrated… and took up posts。like other people是插入语，associated with the Bauhaus是过去分词作后置定语修饰people，a school of design是Bauhaus的同位语。to the United States为地点状语，表明移民的去处，before World War II为时间状语，表明移民时间。at American architecture schools为地点状语，表明任教的学校。
句意为：“少即是多”的说法实际上最初是由一位德国建筑师路德维希·米斯·范德罗推广开来的。他和其他与德国包豪斯设计学院相关的建筑师一样，在二战前移民到美国并在美国建筑学院任教。
13、33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________.
A was related to large space
B was identified with emptiness
C was not reliant on abundant decoration
D was not associated with efficiency
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的elegance of architectural design可定位至原文第四段第二句。该句指出，米斯认为优雅did not derive from abundance（并非源自于大量装饰）。C选项是对这一表达的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：第四段最后一句指出，米斯的设计是small and efficient（小巧实用），并非big and often empty（大而空洞），A、B、D选项均与原文此句表达的含义相反，故错误。
14、34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?
A They ignored details and proportions.
B They were built with materials popular at that time.
C They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
D They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive可定位至原文第五段。该段指出，米斯所建的公寓是the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time（当时风靡的抽象艺术在建筑上的相应体现）。也就是说，这些公寓具有抽象艺术的一些特征。故D选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文提到米斯的房子受欢迎的原因之一是the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions（建筑细节和比例的雅致），可见A选项与原文文意相反，故错误。原文第四段提到米斯使用的建筑材料在我们现今看来稀疏平常，但在当时symbolized the future（象征着未来），可见他使用的材料在当时并不常见，故B选项错误。原文第五段首句指出，米斯的建筑比临近的建筑smaller（更小），C选项与原文文意相悖，故错误。
15、35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?
A Mechanical devices were widely used.
B Natural scenes were taken into consideration.
C Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
D Eco-friendly materials were employed.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“Case Study Houses”可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，案例研究住宅是“少即是多”潮流的另一本土影响。在这些住宅中，美的效果源自风景、新材料和直观的细节。可见这些住宅的设计将自然风光考虑在内，故B选项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文出现mechanical是在说机械革命，并非机械装置，而且这些住房并未使用机械装置，故A选项错误。原文提到直观明了的细节是这些住宅的美学来源，因而并非忽略细节，故C选项错误。原文只是提到使用new materials，并未指明是eco-friendly materials，D选项偷换概念，故错误。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.
A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: “European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labor costs.
It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.
16、36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________.
A it has more or less lost faith in markets
B even its supporters begin to feel concerned
C some of its member countries plan to abandon euro
D it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation
答案解析：
答案精析：根据关键词so many problems定位到第二段。第二段首句中those problems指代前文，根据上文可知问题包括债务危机、人口减少和增长缓慢，而第一段最后一句表明even the project’s greatest cheerleaders（欧盟最强烈的支持者）都在谈论这些问题，可见他们对这些问题都感到担忧，B项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文第二段说Markets have lost faith，是指市场对欧盟失去信心，A选项指欧盟对市场失去信心，属于本末倒置，故错误。C选项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故错误。D选项在原文第二段有提及，但并非欧盟面临众多问题的结果或措施，故错误。
17、37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________.
A are competing for the leading position
B are busy handling their own crises
C fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation
D disagree on the steps towards disintegration
答案解析：
答案精析：根据关键词single currency, stuck和dominant powers定位到第三段。第三段第一句指出关于如何拯救统一货币免于分崩离析的讨论陷入僵局。第二句指出原因：两大主导力量——法国和德国——都同意要协调欧元区，但没能就协调的具体内容达成一致，其中disagree about what to harmonise（不同意具体协调的内容）和C项fail to reach an agreement on harmonisation（未能就协调协议达成一致）为同义替换，所以C正确。
错项排除：A项的leading position在原文中没有出现过，所以A排除。B项的crises出现在第一段，但原文的危机由欧盟所共有，而不只是dominant powers所拥有。D项的towards disintegration表示该政策已经开始瓦解，但原文的表述是save... from disintegration，指正在努力挽救，阻止瓦解，没有提及是否正处于瓦解状态，因此排除。
18、38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________.
A EU funds for poor regions be increased
B stricter regulations be imposed
C only core members be involved in economic co-ordination
D voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed
答案解析：
答案精析：根据关键词Germany proposed定位到第四段第一句。定位句指出了德国的提议：在借贷、开销和竞争力上执行更严格的规则，并制裁那些不遵守规则的国家。总结起来即要在法规上更加严厉，stricter rules与stricter regulations为同义替换，因此B选项正确。
错项排除：A项的关键词funds for poor regions出现在第五段的法国的提议中，而德国对funds的态度是威胁冻结，所以排除。原文第四段最后一句指出，德国坚持经济协调应involve all 27 members（包括所有27个成员国），并非只包括核心成员，故C选项错误。第四段第二句指出，德国建议的规定包括the suspension of a country’s voting rights（暂停某个国家的投票权），并非保障，D项与原文相反，故错误。
19、39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________.
A poor countries are more likely to get funds
B strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries
C loans will be readily available to rich countries
D rich countries will basically control Eurobonds
答案解析：
答案精析：根据关键词French proposal定位到第五段。第五段第二句大意为，这意味着，政治家可干预货币政策和再分配系统，使资金从富国流向贫困国，可见贫困国更有可能得到资金援助，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B选项的monetary policy在原文中出现，但原文只是提及politicians要介入，而没有指出是否严格，事实上严格的货币政策在上一段中由德国提出，因此排除。原文指出资金由富裕国流向贫困国，可见富裕国家不易获得资金，C项与原文相反，故错误。D项在原文没有依据，属于无中生有，故错误。
20、40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel ________.
A pessimistic
B desperate
C conceited
D hopeful
答案解析：
答案精析：第一段用设问的方式引出欧盟面临的各种问题；接下来作者从客观的角度叙述欧盟两大主导力量——法国和德国——各自提出的经济援助计划；最后一段表明作者的观点：欧盟的篇章还没有画上句点，依然是世界上最大的贸易体，这得益于它的政策，单一市场使得商品、资本和人力自由流通，是磨平全球化棱角、使资本主义健康发展的一次前瞻性的尝试。可知作者对欧盟单一市场的态度是积极并充满信心的，所以选D。
错项排除：A和B两项与最后一段表述矛盾，所以排除。C项一般用来形容人，而文章论述的主题是欧盟的未来，所以不能用在该语境中，故排除。
喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！
