一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、 A）The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.
B、 B） A New Hampshire man’s joke with friends on his wife.
C、C）A father’s message for his daughter.
D、D）The history of a century-old motel.
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A）She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.
B、 B）She wanted to honor her father’s promise.
C、C）She had been asked by her father to do so.
D、D）She was excited to see her father’s handwriting.
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A）People were concerned about the number of bees.
B、B）Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.
C、C）Two million bees were infected with disease.
D、D）Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、 A）It apologized to its customers.
B、B）It was forced to kill its bees.
C、 C）It lost a huge stock of bees.
D、D）It lost 2.5 million dollars.
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A）It stayed in the air for about two hours.
B、 B）It took off and landed on a football field.
C、C） It proved to be of high commercial value.
D、D）It made a series of sharp turns in the sky.
6、uestion 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A）Engineering problems.
B、B）The air pollution it produced.
C、C）Inadequate funding.
D、D）The opposition from the military.
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A）It uses the latest aviation technology.
B、B）It flies faster than a commercial jet.
C、C）It is a safer means of transportation.
D、D）It is more environmentally friendly.
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It seems a depressing topic.
B、It sounds quite alarming.
C、It has little impact on our daily life.
D、It is getting more serious these days.
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The man dosesn't understand Spanish.
B、The woman doesn't really like dancing.
C、They don't want something too noisy.
D、They can't make it to the theater in time.
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.
B、It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.
C、It is the most amusing show he has ever watched.
D、It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity.
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Watch a comedy.
B、Go and see the dance.
C、Book the tickets online.
D、See a film with the man.
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is.
B、She simply has no idea what school to tranfer to.
C、There are too many activities for her to cope with.
D、She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student.
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Seek advice from senior students.
B、Pick up some meaningful hobbies.
C、Participate in after-school activities.
D、Look into what the school offers.
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Give her help whenever she needs it.
B、Accept her as a transfer student.
C、Find her accommodation on campus.
D、Introduce her to her roommates.
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.
B、She has become friends with Catherine.
C、She has chosen the major Catherine has.
D、She has just transferred to the college.
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）To investigate how being overweight impacts on health.
B、B）To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.
C、C）To discover what most mice like to eat.
D、D）To determine what feeling mice have.
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard
A、A）When they are hungry.
B、B）When they are thirsty.
C、C）When they smell food.
D、D）When they want company.
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）They search for food in groups.
B、 B）They are overweight when food is plenty.
C、C）They prefer to be with other mice.
D、D）They enjoy the company of other animals.
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、 A）Its construction started before World War I.
B、 B）Its construction cost more than $40 billion.
C、C）It is efficiency used for transport.
D、 D）It is one of the best in the world.
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）To improve transportation in the countryside.
B、B）To move troops quickly from place to place.
C、C）To enable people to travel at a higher speed.
D、 D）To speed up the transportation of goods.
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard
A、In the 1970s.
B、In the 1960s.
C、In the 1950s.
D、In the 1940s.
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）Chatting while driving.
B、B）Messaging while driving.
C、C）Driving under age.
D、D）Speeding on highways.
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel.
B、B）A gadget to charge the phone in a car.
C、C）A device to control the speed of a vehicle.
D、 D）A device to ensure people drive with both hands.
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）The car keeps flashing its headlights.
B、B）The car slows down gradually to a halt.
C、 C）They are alerted with a light and a sound.
D、D）They get a warning on their smart phone.
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A）Installing a camera.
B、B）Using a connected app.
C、C）Checking their emails.
D、 D）Keeping a daily record.
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
26、(1)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
27、(2)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
28、(3)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
29、(4)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
30、(5)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
31、(6)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
32、(7)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
33、(8)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
34、(9)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS, (28)_____ the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.
Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was (31)_____ overtaken by the Millbank Tower.
Green buildings like this aren’t (32)_____ cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy (33)_____ through fossil fuels. As solar panels get (34)_____ , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of (35)_____ , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.
35、(10)
A、cheaper
B、eventually
C、range
D、production
E、constructed
F、height
G、necessarily
H、scale
I、competed
J、undertaken
K、consulted
L、cleaner
M、discovered
N、collection
O、dimension
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
36、 A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
37、The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
38、If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
39、McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
40、Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
41、One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
42、Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
43、One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
44、Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework
【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.
【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos（观念）of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.
【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly（垄断）, a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”
【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.
【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.
【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”
【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”
【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”
【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”
【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”
【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.
【M】Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.
【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”
45、Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
46、What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?
A、A）Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.
B、B）Better learners will become better teachers.
C、C）Human intelligence tends to grow with age.
D、D）Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
47、What do we learn about Betty’s Brain?
A、A）It is a character in a popular animation.
B、B）It is a teaching tool under development.
C、C）It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.
D、D）It is a tutor for computer science students.
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
48、 How does teaching others benefit student tutors?
A、A）It makes them aware of what they are strong at.
B、B）It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.
C、C） It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
D、D）It enables them to better understand their teachers.
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
49、What do students do to teach their teachable agents?
A、A）They motivate them to think independently.
B、B）They ask them to design their own questions.
C、C）They encourage them to give prompt feedback.
D、D）They use various ways to explain the materials.
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
50、What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning?
A、A）Their sense of responsibility.
B、B）Their emotional involvement.
C、C）The learning strategy acquired.
D、D）The teaching experience gained.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
51、What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?
A、A）They can get ahead only by striving harder.
B、B）They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.
C、C）They are generally quite optimistic about their future.
D、D）They are better educated than their male counterparts.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
52、How do most Millennial woman feel about their treatment in the workplace?
A、A）They are the target of discrimination.
B、B）They find it satisfactory on the whole.
C、C）They think it needs further improving.
D、D）They find their complaints ignored.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
53、What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?
A、A）A sense of accomplishment.
B、B）Job stability and flexibility.
C、C）Rewards and promotions.
D、D）Joy derived from work.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
54、What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?
A、A）The welfare of their children.
B、B）The narrowing of the gender gap.
C、C）The fulfillment of their dreams in life.
D、D）The balance between work and family.
A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.
While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.
As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.
55、What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?
A、A）They still view this world as one dominted by males.
B、B）They account for half the workforce in the job market.
C、C）They see the world differently from older generations.
D、D）They do better in work than their male counterparts.
三、Part IV Translation
56、公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量的不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公共车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地的老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
参考答案：
The bus has once been a major means of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, the traffic in cities gets more and more serious due to the increasing number of private cars. Many cities are struggling to improve the quality of bus service in order to encourage more citizens to take buses. With the continuous innovation of vehicle facilities, the speed is increased dramatically as well. However, the bus ticket is still fairly cheap. Nowadays, many local old people are allowed to take buses freely in most cities.
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
As the most efficient and direct way to obtain knowledge and information,reading is a very essential skill for our English learners. However, we usually pay little attention to it. It is imperative for us to change this thought and here are some tips to improve our reading ability.
First and foremost, it is important for us to memorize words, because words are the basis of reading. Secondly, we should set a timeline when we read a book. Thus,we will read a book more effectively. Thirdly, after reading, we can try to write some reviews. In this way, we can reflect the book and improve our reading skills.
All in all, though it is not easy to have a great ability in reading in one go, we must keep on practising. As long as we follow the good ways and have strong minds,we can do that and thus be an excellent English learner.
参考译文
作为最有效和直接获取知识和信息的方式，阅读对于我们英语学习者来说是一项非常重要的技能。然而，我们常常忽视它。我们很有必要改变这一想法，下面是提高阅读能力的一些技巧。
首先，记单词很重要，因为单词是阅读的基础。其次，我们读书时应该制定一个时间表。这样我们就能更有效地读完一本书了。最后，读完书之后，我们可以试着写一下评论。在写的过程中，我们会回顾这本书，提高我们的阅读技巧。
总之，虽然阅读能力的提高不能立竿见影，但是我们必须坚持读下去。只有我们遵循好的方法和拥有清晰的思维，我们就能提高阅读能力，成为一个优秀的英语学习者。
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