一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、How college students can handle their psychological problems.
B、Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.
C、Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
D、How college students can improve their sleep habits.
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits.
B、 It is not good for students to play video games.
C、Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
D、Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.
B、Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
C、Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.
D、Whether more airports should be built around London.
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Poor ownership structure.
B、 Inefficient management.
C、Lack of innovation and competition.
D、Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.
B、Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.
C、Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.
D、Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
B、Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.
C、Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.
D、Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking.
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.
B、They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
C、They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.
D、They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Holland.
B、Indonesia.
C、England.
D、Sweden.
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch.
B、Getting a coach who can offer real help.
C、Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize.
D、Learning a language where it is not spoken.
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Practicing reading aloud as often as possible.
B、Listening to language programs on the radio.
C、Trying to speak it as much as one can.
D、Making friends with native speakers.
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It provides opportunities for language practice.
B、It trains young people’s leadership abilities.
C、It offers various courses with credit points.
D、It creates an environment for socializing.
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A sense of freedom driving gives.
B、Rules and regulations for driving.
C、The role policemen play in traffic
D、The impact of engine design on road safety.
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Make cars with automatic control.
B、Make cars with higher standards.
C、Make cars that are less powerful.
D、Make cars that have better brakes.
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They follow traffic rules closely.
B、They keep within speed limits.
C、They like to go at high speed.
D、They tend to drive responsibly.
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is a bad idea.
B、It is as effective as speed bumps.
C、It is not useful.
D、It should be combined with education.
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The card got damaged.
B、The card was found invalid.
C、The card reader broke down unexpectedly.
D、The card reader failed to do the scanning.
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
B、By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
C、By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
D、By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
B、Give birth to many new technological inventions.
C、Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
D、Affect the sales of high-tech appliances.
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They vary among different departments.
B、They leave much room for improvement.
C、They are determined by the advising board.
D、They are set by the dean of the graduate school.
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、By consulting the examining committee.
B、By reading the Bulletin of Information.
C、By visiting the university’s website.
D、By contacting the departmental office.
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.
B、They specify the number of credits students must earn.
C、They have to be approved by the examining committee.
D、They are the same among various divisions of the university.
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Ph.D. candidates in dieting.
B、Students majoring in nutrition.
C、Students in health classes.
D、Middle and high school teachers.
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Its overemphasis on thinness.
B、Its changing criteria for beauty.
C、 Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
D、Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
B、To explain how computer images can be misleading.
C、To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
D、To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
B、To establish an emotional connection with students.
C、To promote her own concept of beauty.
D、To persuade girls to stop dieting.
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
26、(1)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
27、(2)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
28、(3)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
29、(4)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
30、(5)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
31、(6)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
32、(7)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
33、(8)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
34、(9)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the (26)_____ popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become (27)_____ on computers throughout the day, and desktops—which keep doctors from besides —are (28)_____ giving way to wireless devices.
As clerical loads increased, “something had to (29)_____, and that was always face time with patients,” says Dr.Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped (30)_____ a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so (31)_____ that all internal-medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program. Johns Hopkins’ internal-medicine program adopted the same (32)_____ in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless, iPad-based curriculums. “You’ll want an iPad just so you can wear this” is the slogan for one of the new lab coats (33)_____ with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and (34)_____ faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also (35)_____ a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.
35、(10)
A、signal
B、treatments
C、give
D、gained
E、growing
F、rather
G、prospect
H、successful
I、reliable
J、flying
K、policy
L、dependent
M、fast
N、designed
O、launch
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
36、According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible for us to understand every aspect of our life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
37、 Ancient Philosophers saw life in a different light from people of today.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
38、Not all your business partners are your soul mates.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
39、We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges of the modern world.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
40、The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when they gain no concrete benefits.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
41、 How to achieve mental calmness and contentment is well worth our consideration today.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
42、Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefully about our
priorities in life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
43、Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
44、The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, and are applicable to contemporary life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life
【A】Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
【B】The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration ( 失 效 ) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry ( 诡 辩 ). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”
Examine your life
【C】Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions( 信 念 ),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”
Stop worrying about what you can not control
【D】As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”
【E】So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical, intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. “I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example.” He says. “I mean, there are some cautious steps I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control.”
Seek true pleasure
【F】To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend.” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”
【G】In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seek out true pleasures— advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence( 放 纵 )and luxury, for the ancient Greeks, it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
【H】“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”
Do good to others
【I】Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous ( 发 迹 的 ) fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships: Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.
【J】“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others— that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted ( 自己招致的 ) spiritual wound.”
【K】Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
【L】“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationship,”He says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment.”
【M】Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop living as onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.
45、Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
46、What happens when a new technology emerges?
A、It further widens the gap between the old and the young.
B、It often leads to innovations in other related fields.
C、It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.
D、It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
47、What does the author say about the driverless car?
A、It does not seem to create a generational divide.
B、It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.
C、It may start a revolution in the car industry.
D、It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
48、Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?
A、It saves their energy.
B、It helps with their mobility.
C、It adds to the safety of their travel.
D、It stirs up their interest in life.
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
49、What is likely to affect one’s attitude toward the driverless car?
A、The location of their residence.
B、The field of their special interest.
C、The amount of training they received.
D、The length of their driving experience.
Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.
It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.
The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.
Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars.
This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.
Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.
While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.
50、Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?
A、The seniors.
B、The educated.
C、The wealthy.
D、The tech fans.
In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,”says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific.
“Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meal are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
51、What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?
A、They had to work from early morning till late at night.
B、They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.
C、Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.
D、Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.
In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,”says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific.
“Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meal are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
52、What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together?
A、It was helpful to maintaining a nation’s tradition.
B、It brought family members closer to each other.
C、It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.
D、It enabled families to save a lot of money.
In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,”says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific.
“Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meal are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
53、What does “cultural metabolism” （Line 1, Para.3） refer to?
A、Evolutionary adaptation.
B、Changes in lifestyle.
C、Social progress.
D、Pace of life.
In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,”says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific.
“Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meal are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
54、What does the author think of the food people eat today?
A、Its quality is usually guaranteed.
B、It is varied, abundant and nutritious.
C、It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.
D、Its production depends too much on technology.
In agrarian (农业的), pre-industrial Europe, “you’d want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you’d go back to work,”says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific.
“Later, at 5 or 6, you’d have a smaller supper.”
This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family. “Meal are the foundation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, “so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties.”
Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder, with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.
Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It’s no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices’ closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can’t make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. “The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals,” says Counihan.
55、What does the author say about Italians of the old days?
A、They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
B、They ate a big dinner late in the evening.
C、They ate three meals regularly every day.
D、They were experts at cooking meals.
三、Part IV Translation
56、在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近 2400 年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了。也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。
参考答案：
全文普通版：In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not just toys. They also represent the city culture. Weifang is famous for “the city of kites” and has a history of flying kites for nearly 2,400 years. It is said that an ancient Chinese philosopher called Mozi took three years to make the first kite in Weifang, but on the first day of flying, the kite fell down and got broken. Some also believe that the kite was invented by an ancient carpenter Lu Ban whose kite was made of wood and bamboo and finally fell to the ground after three days of flying.
全文高配版：In the city of Weifang, Shandong Province, kites are not only toys but also the symbol of the city culture. Weifang is well-known for “the capital of kites” , having a history of flying kites for nearly 2,400 years. A legend says that although the ancient Chinese philosopher Mozi spent three years making the first kite in the world in Weifang, it fell down and got broken on the first day of flying. Others believe that it was the ancient Chinese carpenter Lu Ban that invented the kite. It is said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo, flying for three days before it fell to the ground.
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any other family members upon making memorable achievements. You should write at least 120
words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
A letter to my parents
It has been 2 months since the last time I went home from school.（背景说明， 表达对父母的思念 ) I miss you both so much. Each time when I walked into my college, I could recall what you had done for me last year.（回忆，引出下文要描述的事件）
I feel very grateful for that you gave me all you had just to make sure I could reach my goal to enter into this university someday.（表达感谢，后面说明细节） Because of what you have done for me, my dream has come true. So Mom, you no longer have to get up early in the morning to prepare the breakfast for me and drive me to school in time. Dad, you don’t have to stay all day out to just create a quiet learning circumstance each weekend. You have done so much for me that I will try my best and never let you down.（表达对父母的感恩之情）
I am so lucky to have you as my parents and to enter into my dream school.（再次感谢，结束文章）Thank you so much again for your love on me. I love you both.
Yours,
Kate
【译文】
亲爱的爸爸、妈妈：
距离上次从学校回去家里已经有两个月了。很想你们。每次我进入这所大学时 , 我都会回忆起去年你们为我所付出的一切。
我很感激你们毫无保留的付出，只为有一天我能达成自己的目标顺利进入这所大学。现在我的梦想成真了。所以妈妈 , 你不必很早起床在早上为我准备早餐、送我上学；爸爸 , 你不需要每周末都留在外面 , 确保我能有一个安静的学习环境。你们为我付出了这么多 , 我也会尽我所能不让你失望的。
我很幸运有你们做我的父母，以及进入我梦想中的学校。再一次谢谢你们的爱。我爱你们。
你们的孩子
凯特
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