2016年6月第1套英语六级真题参考答案

一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1、Question1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、The restructuring of her company.

B、The man’ s switch to a new career.

C、The updating of technology at CucinTech.

D、The project the man managed at CucinTech.

2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Talented personnel.

B、Effective promotion.

C、Strategic innovation.

D、Competitive products.

3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Innovate constantly.

B、Expand the market.

C、Recruit more talents.

D、Watch out for his competitors.

4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Possible bankruptcy.

B、Unforeseen difficulties.

C、Imitation by one’ s competitors.

D、Conflicts within the company.

5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、The importance of language proficiency.

B、The job of an interpreter.

C、The stress felt by professionals.

D、The best way to effective communication.

6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Admirable.

B、Promising.

C、Meaningful.

D、Rewarding.

7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、They have all passed language proficiency tests.

B、They have all studied cross-cultural differences.

C、They all have a strong interest in language.

D、They all have professional qualifications.

8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、It puts one’s long-term memory under more stress.

B、It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.

C、It attaches more importance to accuracy.

D、It requires a much larger vocabulary.

9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、It might increase mothers’ mental distress.

B、It might increase the risk of infants’ death.

C、It might affect mothers’ health.

D、It might disturb infants’ sleep.

10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.

B、Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’ health.

C、Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.

D、Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.

11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

B、Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.

C、Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.

D、Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies.

12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.

B、The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.

C、The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.

D、A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.

13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、To set up more language schools.

B、To educate native American children.

C、To revitalise America’s native languages.

D、To document endangered languages.

14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.

B、The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.

C、The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.

D、The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.

15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、It is widely used in language immersion schools.

B、It speeds up the extinction of native languages.

C、It is being utilised to teach native languages.

D、It tells traditional stories during family time.

16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.

B、It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.

C、It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.

D、It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.

17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.

B、Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.

C、Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.

D、Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.

18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.

B、To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.

C、To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.

D、To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.

19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、They investigated the ice.

B、They analyzed the water content.

C、They explored the ocean floor.

D、They measured the depths of sea water.

20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.

B、The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.

C、Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.

D、Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.

21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.

B、Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.

C、Arctic ice is essential to human survival.

D、The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.

22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、There is no easy technological solution to it.

B、It will advance nuclear technology.

C、There is no easy way to understand it.

D、It will do a lot of harm to mankind.

23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.

B、The health problems of children raised by a single parent.

C、The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.

D、The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.

24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.

B、Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.

C、Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.

D、Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.

25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.

A、Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.

B、Self-control can be improved through education.

C、Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.

D、Self-control problems may be detected early in children.

二、Part III Reading Comprehension

Let’s say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of (26)_____ on your roller-skates brings a smile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a (27)_____ attitude toward it.

This description of roller-skating (28)_____ the three components of an attitude: affect, cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it’s great fun. These feelings (29)_____ the affective or emotional component; they are an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health (30)_____ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component. Our attitudes (31)_____ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.

Now, we don’t want to leave you with the (32)_____ that these three components always work together (33)_____. They don’t: sometimes they clash. For example, let’s say you love pizza (affective component); however, you have high cholesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your health. Which behavior will your attitude result in, eating pizza or (34)_____ it? The answer depends off which component happens to be stronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime. Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner, however, the knowledge component may (35)_____, and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier meal.

26、(1)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

27、(2)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

28、(3)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

29、(4)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

30、(5)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

31、(6)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

32、(7)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

33、(8)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

34、(9)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

35、(10)

A、typical

B、avoiding

C、illustrates

D、prompt

E、strapping

F、perfectly

G、impression

H、improves

I、benefits

J、primarily

K、positive

L、prevail

M、specifications

N、inquiring

O、highlight

The Changing Generation

【A】 It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they’re being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents’ lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.

【B】 Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.

【C】 The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate, sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.

【D】 My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’s survey. Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero, they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.

【E】 Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have round in teens’ statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, “The kids are alright.”

【F】 How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as “the generation gap”. Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the ‘60s and ‘70s shared their parents’ basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person’s family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past, within just the past five years. I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, “anything goes” mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.

【G】 But missing from all these data is the sense that today’s young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.

【H】 Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the “laws of life” that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight. positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.

【I】 For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18-to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.

【J】 In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. “Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的),” one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said. “I feel 1ike one person can’t do that much, and I get the impression most people don’t think a group of people can do that much.” Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student’s values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, “I’d rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something.”

【K】 It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.

【L】 In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.

36、36. Not many young people eligible for voting are interested in local or national elections these days.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

37、37. Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

38、38. Even during the turbulent years of last century, youth rebellion was often exaggerated in the media.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

39、39. Teenagers of today often turn to their parents for advice on such important matters as career choice.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

40、40. The incidence of teenage crime and misbehavior is decreasing nowadays.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

41、41. Young people should have lofty ideals in life and strive to be leaders.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

42、42. Some young people like to keep something to themselves and don’t want their parents to know about it.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

43、43. It is beneficial to encourage young people to explore the broader world and get ready to make it a better place.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

44、44. Many teenagers now offer to render service to the needy.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

The Changing Generation

45、45. Interviews with students find many of them are only concerned about personal matters.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

The commission’s revised “Green Guides” warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like “eco-friendly”. Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled.

“This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product,” said Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the commission.

The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study, the number of advertisements with green messages in mainstream magazines has risen since 1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.

A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using “Greenlist” labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company’s own.

“We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Greenlist system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases,” Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said, while acknowledging that “this has been an area that is difficult to navigate.”

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.

David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims.

“About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I’ve never even heard of and I’m in this industry,” said Kevin Wilhelm.chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. “It’s kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green.” Mr.Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should Pay attention to.

46、46. What do the revised “Green Guides” require businesses to do?

A、Manufacture as many green products as possible.

B、Indicate whether their products are recyclable.

C、Specify in what way their products are green.

D、Attach green labels to all of their products.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.

47、47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?

A、They can easily see through the businesses’ tricks.

B、They have to spend lots of time choosing products.

C、They have doubt about current green certification.

D、They are not clear which products are truly green.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.

48、48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?

A、It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.

B、It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.

C、It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.

D、It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official “Greenlist”.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.

49、49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company’s labeling practice?

A、There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.

B、His company’s products had been well received by the public.

C、It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.

D、No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.

Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.

But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of eco-labeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.

In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don’t always know what they are getting.

Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other’s green claims.

50、50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying “It’s kind of a Wild West” (Lines 2-3, Para.11)?

A、Businesses compete to produce green products.

B、Each business acts its own way in green labeling.

C、Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.

D、Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

It’s true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’ unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers’ unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn’t be held accountable until poverty is solved. There’re steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.

I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.

There’s solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money, at age 28.

How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that’s a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher’s performance throughout the year, and.with three years of data, it’s usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.

This isn’t a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.

51、51. What do we learn about America’s education system?

A、It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy.

B、It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.

C、It has remained basically unchanged for generations.

D、It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.

52、52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools?

A、Unqualified teachers.

B、Lack of financial resources.

C、Unfavorable learning environment.

D、Subconscious racial discrimination.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.

53、53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?

A、Assist the city government in reforming schools.

B、Give constructive advice to inner-city schools.

C、Demand higher pay for teachers.

D、Help teachers improve teaching.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.

54、54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?

A、Many inner.city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.

B、A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.

C、Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.

D、Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.

That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice.

Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.

Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students.

Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.

55、55. Why does the author say the Chicago union’s demand is an insult to students?

A、It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.

B、It underestimates students’ ability to tell good teachers from poor ones.

C、It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.

D、It totally ignores students’ initiative in the learning process.

三、Part IV Translation

56、中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。

参考答案：

Innovation is booming at an unprecedented speed in China. To surpass developed countries in scientific technologies, as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its investment in research and development in recent years. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches which covers various areas of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different regions to commercialize the fruits of innovation. Meanwhile, no matter in products or business modes, Chinese entrepreneurs are also striving to become pioneers in innovation so as to adapt to the constantly changing and growing demands of consumer market both at home and abroad.

四、Part I Writing

57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on E-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

参考答案：

In recent years, an increasing number of people are taking courses and learning online. No doubt many are wondering if online course will replace offline course.

On the one hand, some people hold the view that traditional school education will be replaced, because online learning is quite convenient and economical. Students can study updated knowledge via computers, apps and pads at any time they like. Besides, free from the trouble of transportation and accommodation, the cost of E-learning is much lower than offline education. On the other hand, some people insist the face-to-face communication and interaction between teachers and students is irreplaceable. Moreover, the effect of online study may not be so ideal as one expect.

Weighing pros and cons, I think the combination of traditional teaching methods and E-learning will be a good idea. The efficiency of online course can supplement routinely school class. By doing so, the students can acquire dimensional knowledge and keep pace with the time.

译文：

近年来，越来越多人在网上听课学习。难怪很多人都在想在线课程是否会取代线下课程。

一方面，一些人认为传统学校教育将被取代，因为在线学习很方便实惠。学生可以通过电脑，APP和平板在任何时间学习最新的知识。此外，没有交通和住宿费，在线学习比线下教育的成本低得多。另一方面，一些人坚称老师和学生之间的面对面交流互动无可替代。此外在线学习的效果可能并不如预期的那么理想。

权衡利弊，我认为把传统教学方式和在线教育结合起来是不错的办法。在线课程的高效性可以补充常规学校课堂。通过这样做，学生可以获得多维知识并与时俱进。

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