一、Section Ⅰ Use of English
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
1、(1)
A、by way of
B、on behalf of
C、as well as
D、with regard to
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
2、(2)
A、adapt to
B、provide for
C、compete with
D、decide on
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
3、(3)
A、close
B、renew
C、arrange
D、postpone
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
4、(4)
A、Above all
B、In theory
C、In time
D、For example
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
5、(5)
A、Although
B、Lest
C、After
D、Unless
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
6、(6)
A、into
B、within
C、from
D、through
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
7、(7)
A、since
B、but
C、or
D、so
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
8、(8)
A、copy
B、test
C、recite
D、create
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
9、(9)
A、folding
B、piling
C、wrapping
D、tying
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
10、(10)
A、passing
B、lighting
C、hiding
D、serving
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
11、(11)
A、meeting
B、collection
C、association
D、union
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
12、(12)
A、grow
B、part
C、deal
D、live
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
13、(13)
A、whereas
B、until
C、if
D、for
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
14、(14)
A、obtain
B、follow
C、challenge
D、avoid
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
15、(15)
A、isolated
B、persuaded
C、viewed
D、exposed
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
16、(16)
A、whatever
B、however
C、whenever
D、wherever
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
17、(17)
A、changed
B、brought
C、shaped
D、pushed
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
18、(18)
A、withdrawn
B、invested
C、donated
D、divided
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
19、(19)
A、breaks
B、warms
C、shows
D、clears
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, (1)_____ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can (2)_____ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to (3)_____ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. (4)_____, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. (5)_____ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying (6)_____ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, (7)_____ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and (8)_____ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, (9)_____ cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and (10)_____ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the (11)_____ . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may (12)_____ with them up to a year, (13 )_____ they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to (14)_____ , but not common. Divorced persons are (15)_____ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains (16)_____ property he or she (17)_____ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is (18)_____ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice (19)_____ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry (20)_____ the woman must wait ten months.
20、(20)
A、so that
B、while
C、once
D、in that
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21、21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
A、Physical beauty would be redefined.
B、New runways would be constructed.
C、Websites about dieting would thrive.
D、The fashion industry would decline.
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
22、22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、heightening the value of
B、indicating the state of
C、losing faith in
D、doing harm to
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
23、23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
A、The French measures have already failed.
B、New standards are being set in Denmark.
C、Model are no longer under peer pressure.
D、Its inherent problems are getting worse.
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
24、24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ________.
A、setting a high age threshold for models
B、caring too much about models’ character
C、showing little concern for health factors
D、pursuing perfect physical conditions
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
25、25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
A、The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
B、Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
C、A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
D、A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26、26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside ________.
A、didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
B、has brought much benefit to the NHS
C、is fully backed by the royal family
D、is not well reflected in politics
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
27、27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being ________.
A、gradually destroyed
B、effectively reinforced
C、largely overshadowed
D、properly protected
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
28、28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A、Labour is under attack for opposing development.
B、The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
C、The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
D、Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
29、29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________.
A、highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
B、shows his disregard for the character of rural areas
C、stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis
D、reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
30、30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of ________.
A、the size of population in Britain
B、the political life in today’s Britain
C、the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
D、the town-and-country planning in Britain
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31、31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with ________.
A、tolerance
B、skepticism
C、uncertainty
D、approval
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
32、32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ________.
A、winning trust from consumers
B、guarding it against malpractices
C、protecting it from being defamed
D、raising the quality of its products
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
33、33. The expression “more lenient” (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to ________.
A、more effective
B、less controversial
C、less severe
D、more lasting
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
34、When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record ________.
A、has an impact on their decision
B、comes across as reliable evidence
C、increases the chance of being penalized
D、constitutes part of the investigation
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggest that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
35、35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
A、Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
B、The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
C、Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
D、It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
36、36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to ________.
A、the high cost of operation
B、the pressure from its investors
C、the complaints from its readers
D、the increasing online ad sales
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
37、37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should ________.
A、seek new sources of readership
B、end the print edition for good
C、aim for efficient management
D、make strategic adjustments
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
38、38. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product” ________.
A、helps restore the glory of former times
B、is meant for the most loyal customers
C、will have the cost of printing reduced
D、expands the popularity of the paper
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
39、39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world, ________.
A、legacy businesses are becoming outdated
B、cautiousness facilitates problem-solving
C、aggressiveness better meets challenges
D、traditional luxuries can stay unaffected
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks—isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
40、40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A、Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
B、Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
C、Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
D、Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
41、(41)
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
42、(42)
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
43、(43)
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
44、(44)
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. _____
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
42. _____
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. _____
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. _____
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. _____
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
45、(45)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) 【We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 】Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47) 【Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.】
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem—confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) 【Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.】 Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) 【Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.】 It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) 【As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.】
46、(46) ~ (50)
参考答案：
参考译文
46. 我们无需刻意学习怎样才能保持心理健康；它是与生俱来的，正如我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口或修复骨折一样。
47. 我们的心理健康并没有真正离开我们；就像云朵后的太阳，也许暂时被遮挡，但是它完全可以在瞬间光芒重现。
48. 心理健康使我们在他人遇到困难时心怀同情，在他人遭遇痛苦时心存善意，不论他们是谁，我们都会心怀无条件的爱。
49. 尽管心理健康是我们生活中的万能药，但它其实非常普通，你会发现在你难以做决定时，它一直指引着你。
50. 你会慢慢发现，明白心理健康一直在身边并且懂得坚信它，可以让我们放慢节奏，并快乐地生活。
三、Section Ⅲ Writing
47、Part A
51. Directions:
Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
Notice
December 20, 2016
Dear international students,
Welcome to our university! In order to make sure that newly-enrolled international students know the service of the library, this notice is to introduce briefly of the library to you.
To begin with, the library opens all year round from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. Furthermore, students are allowed to borrow and read all the books in the library by using your student card. You may borrow up to ten books at a time, and keep them for as long as 30 days. But please remember that you are required to pay fines if you fail to return the books on time. Last but not the least, do set your mobile phone to mute mode and lower you voice when you are in the library.
If you have any other questions, please contact us by calling 010-435879.
Li Ming
Library of XXX University
参考译文
通知
2016年12月20日
亲爱的留学生们：
欢迎来到我们的大学！为了确保新入学的留学生同学了解图书馆的服务，特发通知，简要介绍一些图书馆的服务内容。
首先，图书馆全年开放，从早上八点到晚上十点。此外，学生可以使用学生卡借阅图书馆内的所有书籍。学生一次最多借十本，借期达30天。但是，逾期不还，则要支付罚款。最后，在图书馆时，将手机设置成静音模式，低声交谈。
如有任何问题，请联系我们。联系电话：010-435879。
李明
XXX大学图书馆
48、
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) interpret the meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
参考答案：
参考范文
The picture above vividly depicts the influence of role model. In the first picture, we can see a father, who is urging his son to study harder, is watching TV on the sofa while enjoying a cigarette. In the second picture, we can see the father and the son are both studying hard with full attention.
The picture shows the importance of a role model. Many parents tend to neglect the impact of their own act on their children when they are educating their children. Most parents are more likely to tell their children what is right or what is wrong, because words seem to be more effective and cost less time and energy. Actually, the correct way to educate is to set a good example rather than merely make requirements.
To sum up, the parenting way in the second picture is very wise. As we all know, actions speak louder than words. A positive model of their parents plays an important role in child’s health growth. Parents can’t be a giant in words but a dwarf in action. Only through proper guidelines can parents contribute a health and harmonious environment.
参考译文
上述图片生动地描绘了榜样的力量。在第一幅图片中，我们看到一位父亲正在让他的儿子好好学习，而自己却坐在沙发上一边抽烟一边看电视。在第二幅图片中，我们看到父亲和儿子都在专心致志地学习。
图片反应了榜样的重要性。许多家长在教育孩子时往往会忽略他们自身的行为对孩子的影响。大多数父母会选择用话语告诉孩子们什么是对的，什么是错的，因为话语似乎看起来更有效、更省时、省力。实际上，教育孩子的正确方法是树立良好的榜样，而不仅仅是提要求。
总之，第二幅图片中教育孩子的方式是明智的。我们都知道，行胜于言。父母的正面榜样在孩子的健康成长中起重要作用。父母不能是话语上的巨人，行动上的矮子。只有通过正确的引导，父母才能为孩子打造健康、和谐的成长环境。
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