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编辑人: 沉寂于曾经

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19年上初中英语学科真题卷答案及解析

一、单选题

1、1. Which of the following words has a stress pattern different from the rest?

A、A. prepare      

B B. technique

C C. obvious     

D D. advice

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:本题考察的是单词的重音模式。A、B、D三个选项的重音都在第二个音节上,而C选项的重音在第一个音节上。因此,C选项的重音模式与其他单词不同,所以正确答案是C。

2、​​​​​​​2. Which of the following underlined words will be stressed when Julia responds to the person who has mistaken her for Julian?

A A. My name is Julia, not Julian.

B B. My name is Julia, not Julian.

C C. My name is Julia, not Julian.

D D. My name is Julia, not Julian.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在对话中,Julia需要纠正对方对她的误读,她的名字应该是"Julia"而不是"Julian"。根据这个语境,她需要强调正确的名字"Julia",而不是其他部分。因此,正确的回答应该是"My name is Julia,not Julian.",其中"Julia"是重读的部分。选项B中的"Julia"被加粗,表示需要重读,符合语境和语法规则。因此,正确答案是B。

3、3. The word “UNESCO” is called a(n)_____ .

A A. acronym   

B、B. blend

C、C. clipped word     

D D. coined word

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题目考查的是构词法。根据题目给出的选项,我们需要确定“UNESCO”这个词的构词方式。A选项“首字母缩略词”是指由几个单词的首字母派生出来的新词;B选项“混成词”是指由两个或多个词的混合而成的新词;C选项“截断词”是指一个词被截断后形成的新词;D选项“新创词”是指一个新创造出来的词。根据题目,“UNESCO”是“United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization”(联合国教育、科学及文化组织)的首字母缩写,因此它属于首字母缩略词。因此,正确答案是A。

4、4. He looks like a Scottish, but his accent may give him         .

A A. off

B B. out

C、C. in       

D D. away

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“他看起来像一个苏格兰人,但是他的口音可能暴露了他”。根据句意,空格处应填入表示“暴露,泄露”的动词短语。选项A的“give off”表示“发出,放出(气味、热、光等)”,不符合句意;选项B的“give out”表示“分发,公布”,也不符合句意;选项C的“give in”表示“屈服,让步”,与句意不符;选项D的“give away”表示“暴露,泄露”,符合句意。因此,正确答案是D。

5、5. The book is so well received that it sells _____  the million.

A A.at

B B. in

C、C. by      

D D. to

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题考查的是固定搭配。句子中提到“这本书是如此受欢迎,以至于它的销量都是以百万计的”,根据语境和固定搭配,应该使用“by the million”表示“数以百万计的”。因此,正确答案是C。

6、

6.          we are successful, we can be sure that we did our best.

A A. Provided that    

B B. If only

C、C. If or not     

D D. Whether or not

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题考查的是连词的用法。根据句意“不管成功与否,我们可以肯定我们尽了最大的努力”,我们可以发现句子中需要一个表示“不论”的连词。选项A中的“provided”表示“如果”,不符合句意;选项B中的“if only”表示“要是……就好了”,也不符合句意;选项C中的“if or not”并不是正确的英语表达;而选项D中的“whether or not”表示“不论,是否”,符合句意。因此,正确答案是D。

7、

7. --Will you be able to go swimming with us?

A A. I’m afraid not    

B        B. I’m afraid

C C. I’m not afraid   

D D. I’m not afraid so

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题考查的是英语中的省略与习惯用法。题目中的对话是“——你能跟我们一起去游泳吗?——恐怕不能”。在英文中,拒绝别人的邀请,通常会用“I’m afraid not”这样的表达。这里的“I’m afraid not”省略了后面的部分,但仍然能够表达拒绝的意思。因此,正确答案是A选项“I’m afraid not”。

8、8.          is the custom, the investigators carried out a painstaking search of the debris after the air crash.

A A. What 

B B. As

C C. Which       

D        D. That 

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:此题考查的是非限制性定语从句的引导词选择。题干中的空格需要一个关系代词来引导一个非限制性定语从句,且这个关系代词要在从句中充当主语,并且这个关系代词应该能够置于句首。选项A中的what不能引导定语从句,所以排除。选项C中的which虽然可以引导定语从句,但通常不能置于句首,所以也排除。选项D中的that也不能引导非限制性定语从句,所以也排除。只有选项B中的as可以引导非限制性定语从句,并且能够置于句首,代指整个句子,并在从句中充当主语,因此B选项是正确的。

9、9. There are different words for paternal grandmother (nainai) and maternal grandmother (waipo) in Chinese, but in English the word “grandmother” is generally used in both cases, which suggests that         .

A A. equal importance is given to maternal and paternal grandparents in China

B B. equal importance is given to maternal and paternal grandparents in Britain

C C. language may influence people's ways of thinking to a large extent

D D. people of different languages categorize things in different ways

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在汉语中,父亲的母亲和母亲的母亲分别用不同的词来指代,这表明汉语在这两个概念上进行了区分。然而,在英语中,无论是指代父亲的母亲还是母亲的母亲,都使用同一个词“grandmother”,这表明英语在这两个概念上没有进行区分。这种现象表明,不同的语言在分类事物的方式上存在差异。因此,正确答案是D,即人们使用不同的语言会以不同的方式分类事物。

10、10. Which of the following is employed by a speaker who addresses senior people as “the elderly” rather than “the old”?

A A. Social dialect.   

B B. Taboo.

C、C. Lingua franca.   

D D. Euphemism.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:本题考查的是委婉语的使用。委婉语是一种用较为温和、不直接的方式来表达某些敏感或冒犯性的事物或概念。在题干中,说话者称呼老年人为“the elderly”而不是“the old”,这种称呼方式更为尊重,没有直接提到“老”,因此使用了委婉语。选项A社会方言指的是特定社群或地区使用的语言或方言,与委婉语不同。选项B禁忌语是指避免使用的、具有冒犯性或不吉利的词语,与题干中的情境不符。选项C通用语是指一种被广泛接受和使用的语言,与委婉语没有直接关系。因此,正确答案是D,即委婉语。

11、11. By asking the question, “Can you list your favorite food in English?”, the teacher is using the technique of         .

A A. elicitation  

B    B. monitoring

C、C. prompting  

D D. recasting

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题考查的是教学方法与技巧。根据题目中的描述,老师通过提问“Can you list your favorite food in English?”来引导学生思考,这是一种启发或诱导的技巧,即elicitation。选项B monitoring意为监控或监测,与题意不符;选项C prompting意为提示,虽然与引导思考有一定的联系,但在此题中不如elicitation贴切;选项D recasting意为重组或复述,与题意也不符。因此,正确答案是A。

12、12. If a teacher wants to check how much students have learned at the end of a term, he/she would give them a(n)         .

A A. diagnostic test  

B B. placement test 

C C. proficiency test       

D D. achievement test

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:成就测试(achievement test)旨在了解一段时期内学生对所学课程内容的掌握情况,以便对学生的学习成绩做出评定。在题目中,老师想要检查学生在学期末的学习成果,因此应该给他们进行成就测试。因此,正确答案是D。

13、13. What learning style does Xiao Li exhibit if she tries to understand every single word when listening to a passage?

A A. Field-dependence.

B  B. Intolerance of Ambiguity.

C、C. Risk-taking.

D、D. Field-independence.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:本题考查学习风格。小李在听文章时试图理解每一个单词,这体现了她对信息的清晰度和确定性有较高要求,难以容忍模糊或不确定的信息。这种学习风格与“模糊容忍度”相符,即学生面对一系列不熟悉的、复杂的线索时,对模棱两可的信息进行知觉加工的方式。模糊容忍度低的学生倾向于将模糊的、不完整的、不确定的、不连贯的信息看作是潜在的心理威胁的起因。因此,小李的学习风格是B选项“Intolerance of Ambiguity(模糊容忍度)”。场依存、场独立和冒险性是与小李的行为描述不符的学习风格。

14、14. If a teacher asks students to put jumbled sentences in order in a reading class, he /she intends to develop their ability of         .

A A. word-guessing through context

B B. summarizing the main idea

C C. understanding textual coherence

D D. scanning for detailed information

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:题目考查的是阅读教学中句子排序的目的。在阅读课上,教师让学生重新排列杂乱的句子,其目的在于培养学生的理解文本的连贯性的能力。因此,正确答案是C,即“理解文本的连贯性”。其他选项如A项“通过上下文猜测词义”、B项“归纳文章大意”和D项“寻读找出细节信息”都不符合题目描述的情境。

15、15. When a teacher says “what do you mean by that?”,  he/she is asking the student for         .

A A. repetition  

B B. suggestion.

C、C. introduction

D D. clarification

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在题干中,老师问的是“what do you mean by that?”,这句话的意思是“你这么说想表达什么意思?”。因此,老师是在询问学生想要表达的具体含义或意图。选项A、B和C都与这个询问的意思不符,而选项D "clarification"(阐释,说明)恰好符合老师想要学生解释说明的意图。因此,正确答案是D。

16、16. When a teacher says “you’d better talk in a more polite way when speaking to the elderly”, he/she is drawing the students' attention to the          of language use.

A A. fluency     

B B. complexity

C、C. accuracy     

D D. appropriacy

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在这个问题中,老师建议学生在与老人交谈时,最好使用更礼貌的方式。礼貌是一种得体性的表现,即使用语言的方式应该适应于特定的社交场合和对象。因此,老师正在提醒学生注意语言使用的得体性(appropriacy)。选项A的“流利度”指的是语言流畅的程度,选项B的“复杂性”指的是语言结构的复杂程度,选项C的“准确性”指的是语言表达的准确性。这些选项与题目中老师所强调的礼貌和得体性没有直接关系。因此,正确答案是D,即得体性。

17、17. Which of the following is a display question?

A A. What part of speech is “immense”?

B B. How would you comment on this report?

C C. Why do you think Hemingway is a good writer?

D D. What do you think of the characters in this novel?

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在这道题目中,我们需要识别哪个选项是一个展示性问题。展示性问题通常用于检查学生对特定知识点或事实的了解,而参考性问题则用于鼓励学生进行批判性思考或分享个人观点。选项A,"What part of speech is 'immense'?",是一个关于词性的问题,答案可以在语法规则或词典中找到,因此它是一个展示性问题。选项B,C和D都是关于对某个报告、作家或小说的评论或观点的问题,没有预设的答案,因此它们都是参考性问题。因此,正确答案是A。

18、18. Which of the following represents a contextualized way of practising “How often …”?

A A. Make some sentences with “how often”.

B B. Use “how often” and the words given to make a sentence.

C C. I go shopping twice a week. How often do you go shopping?

D D. Please change the statement into a question with “how often”.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:这道题目考查的是如何在语境中练习“How often”的用法。选项A和B都是关于如何造句,没有涉及到具体的语境。选项D虽然提到了“how often”,但只是要求将句子改成问句,并没有在语境中练习“how often”。而选项C提供了一个具体的购物话题,并询问了“How often do you go shopping?”,这完全符合在语境中练习“How often”的要求。因此,正确答案是C。

19、19. Which of the following are controlled activities in an English class?

A A. Reporting, role-play and games.

B、B. Reading aloud, dictation and translation

C C. Role play, problem solving and discussion.

D D. Information exchange, narration and interview.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在英语教学活动中,控制性活动通常包括朗读、听写、翻译等,这些活动旨在帮助学生掌握语言的基本技能,如发音、词汇和语法。而开放性活动则更多地涉及模拟真实情境,如角色扮演、辩论、做报告、游戏、信息交流等,这些活动更注重培养学生的实际语言应用能力和思维能力。根据给出的选项,A项主要包含了开放性活动,如做报告、角色扮演和游戏;C项同样包含开放性活动,如角色扮演、解决问题和讨论;D项也主要是开放性活动,如信息交流、叙述和采访。而B项则包含了朗读、听写和翻译,这些都是典型的控制性活动。因此,正确答案是B。

20、20. The _____ is designed according to the morphological and syntactic aspects of a language.

A、A. structural syllabus     

B B. situational syllabus

C C. skill-based syllabus          

D D. content-based syllabus

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据题目描述,我们需要找到一个教学大纲,它是根据语言的形态和句法方面来设计的。在给出的选项中,A选项是“结构教学大纲”(structural syllabus),它是以语法教学为导向,以语言结构为基础,把语言看作一系列由语法规则组成的体系。这与题目描述相符,因此是正确答案。其他选项如B的“情景教学大纲”、C的“技能型教学大纲”和D的“内容型教学大纲”都与题目描述不符。

Passage I

The brain is truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full”?

The answer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated than that. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows that instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in this study, researchers used new neuroimaging techniques to demonstrate for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

The paper’s authors set out to investigate what happens in the brain when we try to remember information that’s very similar to what we already know. This is important because similar information is more likely to interfere with existing knowledge, and it’s the stuff that crowds without being useful.

To do this, they examined how brain activity changes when we try to remember a “target” memory, that is, when we try to recall something very specific, at the same time as trying to remember something similar (a competing memory). Participants were taught to associate a single word (say, the word sand) with two different images such as one of Marilyn Monroe and the other of a hat.

They found that as the target memory was recalled more often, brain activity for it increased.

Meanwhile, brain activity for the competing memory simultaneously weakened. This change was most prominent in regions near the front of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, rather than key memory structures in the middle of the brain, such as the hippocampus, which is traditionally associated with memory loss.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, such as planning, decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensive research shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampus to retrieve specific memories.

If the hippocampus is the search engine, the prefrontal cortex is the filter determining which, memory is the most relevant. This suggests that storing information alone is not enough for a good memory. The brain also needs to be able to access the relevant information without being distracted by similar competing pieces of information.

In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you you’re your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Research in this field suggests that each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.

The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

21、21. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “resounding” in Paragraph 2?

A A. Definite.   

B B. Repetitive.

C C. Echoing.   

D D. Impressive.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据上下文,第二段提到“The answer is a resounding no”,这里的“resounding”表示“响亮、洪亮”的意思,用来强调答案的肯定性。在给出的选项中,只有D选项“Impressive”表示“令人印象深刻的”,与“响亮”的意思相近,因此D选项最接近原文中的“resounding”。

22、22. According to the passage, why can’t our brain be “full”?

A A. It can forget what we want to remember.

B B. It can memorize what we want to remember.

C C. It can store limitless information like a library

D D. It forgets the old information while absorbing the new.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据文章中的描述,大脑是一个不断学习和适应的器官,它会自动将新的信息整合到已有的信息中,形成新的关联。同时,当大脑需要回忆某些信息时,它也会自动过滤掉与回忆内容不相关的信息,只提取出最相关的信息。因此,大脑不会“满”,因为它会自动遗忘旧的信息,以便吸收新的信息。所以,选项D“它忘记旧信息的同时吸收新的信息”是正确的。

23、23. According to the passage, which part of our brain is traditionally considered to be fundamental to the formation of new memories?

A、A. The frontal cortex.

B  B. The middle of the brain.

C C. The prefrontal cortex.      

D D. The back part of the brain

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在文章中提到“The prefrontal cortex is involved in a range of complex cognitive processes, such as planning, decision making, and selective retrieval of memory. Extensive research shows this part of the brain works in combination with the hippocampus to retrieve specific memories.”,这表明前额叶皮质是涉及到记忆的选择性检索等一系列复杂认知过程的重要部分,并与海马体共同工作以检索特定的记忆。而海马体通常被认为是形成新记忆的基本部分,位于大脑中部。因此,根据文章内容,B选项“大脑中部”是正确答案。

24、

24. What is the main purpose of writing this article?

A A. To interpret why our memory loss occurs.

B B. To elaborate how we retrieve specific memories.

C C. To explain why our memory capacity seems to be limitless. 

D D. To present the balance between remembering and forgetting.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:文章主要讨论的是我们记忆能力似乎是无限的,并解释了这个现象背后的原因。文章指出,大脑并不会因为记忆的信息过多而达到饱和状态,反而会通过新的记忆将旧的记忆排挤出去。此外,文章还讨论了大脑在处理记忆时的一些复杂过程,包括在记忆时形成关联,以及在提取记忆时能够区分出相关的和不相关的信息。因此,文章的主要目的是解释为什么我们的记忆容量似乎是无限的。

25、25. Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the subsequent study?

A A. The influence of memory.

B B. The conditions related to forgetting.

C C. The ways used to prevent forgetting.

D、D. The factors involved in memory formation.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据Passage I的内容,文中主要讲述了关于大脑记忆与忘记的过程和机制。其中提到了旧的信息可能会被新的信息挤掉,而且这种行为主要发生在大脑的前部区域,如前额叶皮层,而不是传统的与记忆相关的海马体区域。这表明大脑在记忆过程中不仅仅是存储信息,还需要能够访问相关的信息,同时不被类似但不相关的信息所干扰。因此,后续的研究可能会更关注与忘记相关的条件,即选项B。其他选项如A、C、D虽然与记忆有关,但文中并没有明确提到后续研究的方向,因此不太可能是正确答案。

Passage 2

For most American kids, it wouldn’t be Halloween without trick-or-treating for candy; however, that wasn’t always the case. When the custom of trick-or-treating started in the 1930s and early 1940s, children were given everything from homemade cookies and pieces of cake to fruit, nuts, coins and toys. In the 1950s, candy manufacturers began to get in on the act and promote their products for Halloween, and as trick-or-treating became more popular, candy was increasingly regarded as an affordable, convenient offering. It wasn’t until the 1970s, though, that wrapped, factory-made candy was viewed as the only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins that showed up on people's doorsteps. A key reason for this was safety, as parents feared, that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren't store-bought and sealed.

Today, when it comes to Halloween candy, a number of the most popular brands are enduring classics. For example, the first Hershey’s Milk Chocolate bar was produced in 1900 and Hershey’s Kisses made their debut in 1907. Company founder Miton Hershey was a pioneer in the mass production of milk chocolate and turned what previously had been a luxury item for the well-to-do into something affordable for average Americans. In the early 1900s, he also built an entire town, Hershey, Pennsylvania, around his chocolate factory. In 1917, Harry Burnett Reese moved to Hershey, where he was a dairyman for the chocolate company and later worked at its factory. Inspired by Milton Hershey’s success, Reese, who eventually had 16 children, began making candies in his basement. In the mid-1920s, he built a factory of his own and produced an assortment of candies, including peanut butter cups, which he invented in 1928 and made with Hershey’s chocolate. During World War II, a shortage of ingredients led Reese to pull the plug on his other candies and focus on his most popular product, peanut butt cups. In 1963, Hershey acquired the H.B. Reese Candy Company.

In 1923, a struggling, Minnesota-born candy maker, Frank Mars, launched the Milky Way bar, which became a best-seller. In 1930, he introduced the Snickers bar, reportedly named for his favorite horse, followed in 1932 by the 3 Musketeers bar. Frank's son Forrest eventually joined the company, only to leave after a falling out with his father. Forrest Mars relocated to England, where he created the Mars bar in the early 1930s. In 1941, he launched M&Ms. Mars anticipated that World War II would produce a cocoa shortage, so he partnered with Bruce Murrie, son of a Hershey executive, in order to have access to a sufficient supply of ingredients, the candy s name stands for Mars and Murrie.

Another crowd-pleasing Halloween candy, the Kit Kat bar, was first sold in England in 1935 as a Rowntree’s Chocolate Crisp and in 1937 was rechristened the Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp. The name is said to be derived from a London literary and political group, the Kit-Cat (or Kit Kat) club, established in the late 17th century. The group's moniker is thought to be an abbreviation of the name of the man who owned the shop where the group originally gathered. Since 1988, the brand has been owned by Nestle, maker of another perennial trick-or-treat favorite, the Nestle Crunch bar, which debuted in the late 1930s.

26、26. What are the main features of Halloween candy in the 1970s?

A A. Safe, wrapped and factory-made.

B B. Original, homemade and expensive.

C C. Delicious, manufactured and expensive.

D D. Convenient, homemade and inexpensive.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据文章中的描述,在1970年代,由于父母担心现实生活中的“boogeymen”可能会篡改不是商店购买和密封的糖果,因此,包装好的、工厂制造的糖果被视为唯一可接受的物品,用于分发给上门讨要糖果的小鬼。因此,可以推断出,在1970年代,Halloween糖果的主要特点是安全、包装和工厂制造。因此,答案为A。

27、27. Who does the underlined word “boogeymen” in Paragraph 1refer to?

A A. Evil spirits haunting kids.

B B. People with evil intentions.

C C. Kids in Halloween costumes.

D D. Candy makers and store keepers.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据第一段中的描述,“parents feared, that real-life boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren't store-bought and sealed.”(家长们担心,现实生活中的坏人可能会篡改不是商店出售和密封的糖果。)可以推断出,"boogeymen"指的是那些具有邪恶意图的人,而不是孩子们或者恶灵,因此答案为B。

28、28. Which of the following correctly describes Milton Hershey?

A A. He mass-produced milk chocolate bars for the wealthy.

B B. He duplicated the brand of Hershey's Kisses in 1907 for Halloween.

C C. He employed Harry Burnett Reese who later founded his own company.

D D. He encouraged Forrest Mars and Bruce Murrie to jointly produce M&Ms.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:根据文章中的描述,Milton Hershey是巧克力制造业的先驱,他大规模生产牛奶巧克力,使得之前只有富人才买得起的奢侈品变得普通人也能负担得起。此外,文章还提到Harry Burnett Reese最初在Hershey的巧克力公司工作,后来离开自己创业。因此,选项C“他雇佣了Harry Burnett Reese,后者后来创立了自己的公司”是正确描述Milton Hershey的描述。

29、29. How was the name “Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp” derived?

A A. It was renamed by Nestle, another maker of the Halloween candies.

B B. It was borrowed from the name of Rowntree’s Chocolate Crisp.

C C. It was named after a London literary and political group. 

D D. It was abbreviated from the name of a shop owner.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:在文中提到,Kit Kat bar的名字是来自于一个伦敦文学和政治团体——Kit-Cat (或Kit Kat)俱乐部。因此,答案是C选项,即Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp的名字是来自于一个伦敦文学和政治团体。其他选项与原文内容不符。

30、30. What is the passage mainly about?

A A. The names and brands of Halloween candies.

B B. The origin and history of Halloween candies.

C C. The popularity and fame of Halloween candies.

D D. The consumers and manufacturers of Halloween candies.

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】:文章主要讲述了Halloween糖果的起源和历史,从最初的自制食品到后来的糖果制造商参与,再到糖果成为Halloween的主要传统,文章详细描述了不同Halloween糖果品牌的发展历程,因此文章的主要内容是关于Halloween糖果的起源和历史的,答案为B。

二、简答题

31、31. 简述小组活动(group work)在英语教学中的两个作用(8分),并提出有效实施小组活动的三条建议(12分)。

参考答案:

31.【参考答案】

(1)小组活动(group work)在英语教学中的作用:

①小组活动以学生为主体有利于充分调动全体学生的积极性,促进学生参与课堂交流。小组活动创设了活跃、宽松的学习氛围,避免了教师单方面的语言输出,这样能够提高学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生互相帮助、合作解决问题的能力。

②小组活动强调群体间的经验交流,互相启发。在小组活动中,学生能够在与同龄人的交流中锻炼英语综合运用能力。取长补短,使英语水平获得提高。

③小组活动为学生创设了交际环境,提供了交流平台。学生能通过小组活动进行语言操练,加深对语言形式和意义的理解,从而使“语言技能”到“运用语言进行交际”的发展成为可能。

(考生回答两点即可。)

(2)有效实施小组活动的建议:

①合理组建小组,明确职责分工。教师要从学生的实际情况出发,注意学生之间的差异性,进行合理分组。教师可以根据性别、性格特点、学习成绩、遵守纪律情况的等方面的差异建立若干个学习小组,这样既可以增加学习小组的可竞争性,又可以增加合作学习小组成员的多样性。在分组后,要根据每个人的实际情况,明确分工,确保每个组员都有属于自己的任务,使每个人都能有效地发挥作用。

②明确活动目的。在活动开始之前,教师要使学生明白小组活动的任务和要求,从面使学生能按照教师的布置认真完成小组任务并有实质性的收获。

③精心选择教学内容。小组合作学习中最值得讨论的内容是使人模棱两可、易产生认知冲突的内容。教师可以就此内容引导学生合作交流,达成一致意见, 从而体现合作学习的价值。此外还可以运用多种策略解决一些开放性的问题,这样可以很好地激发学生的探究思维。汇聚多角度的思维.便于学生在倾听中发现别人的长处,突破自己的思维局限。

④在小组活动中合理引导、积极调控。 教师必须仔细观察各个合作小组的合作情况。在小组活动中,教师要引导学生学会倾听,在听取其他小组合作成员的成果的基础上有的放矢,并在吸收小组合作成员已有成果的基础上来认识问题,分析问题。在合作学习过程中,教师要及时发现问题,并给予适当的点拨。

(考生回答三点即可。)

解析:【喵呜刷题小喵解析】
本题要求简述小组活动在英语教学中的两个作用,并提出有效实施小组活动的三条建议。

首先,小组活动在英语教学中的作用主要有三个方面:一是以学生为主体,调动全体学生的积极性,促进学生参与课堂交流。小组活动能够创设一个活跃、宽松的学习氛围,避免了教师单方面的语言输出,这能够提高学生学习英语的兴趣,并培养学生互相帮助、合作解决问题的能力。二是强调群体间的经验交流,互相启发,锻炼英语综合运用能力。在小组活动中,学生能够在与同龄人的交流中锻炼英语综合运用能力,取长补短,使英语水平获得提高。三是为学生创设了交际环境,提供了交流平台,进行语言操练,加深对语言形式和意义的理解。学生能通过小组活动进行语言操练,加深对语言形式和意义的理解,从而使“语言技能”到“运用语言进行交际”的发展成为可能。

其次,有效实施小组活动的建议包括:一是合理组建小组,明确职责分工。教师应从学生的实际情况出发,注意学生之间的差异性,进行合理分组,明确每个组员的职责,确保每个人都能有效地发挥作用。二是明确活动目的。在活动开始之前,教师应使学生明白小组活动的任务和要求,使学生能够按照教师的布置认真完成小组任务并有实质性的收获。三是精心选择教学内容。小组合作学习中最值得讨论的内容是使人模棱两可、易产生认知冲突的内容,教师可以就此内容引导学生合作交流,达成一致意见,从而体现合作学习的价值。四是在小组活动中合理引导、积极调控。教师必须仔细观察各个合作小组的合作情况,引导学生学会倾听,在听取其他小组合作成员的成果的基础上有的放矢,并在吸收小组合作成员已有成果的基础上来认识问题,分析问题。在合作学习过程中,教师要及时发现问题,并给予适当的点拨。

根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。下面是某教师一节课导入环节的教学实录,单元话题为Animals in danger.T: Hi, Class! Let’s look at these pictures! Can you tell us what animals they are? Ss: Elephants!/Tigers!/Monkeys!/Dolphins! T: Let’s see what these animals can do. Can elephants swim? Ss: Yes.T: Can tigers swim?Ss: Yes.

T: What animals do you like best? S1.S1: Pandas. T: Why do you like them? S1: Because they are cute. T: Great! Anyone else? Do you like tigers? S2. S2:Yes.T: Why? S2:Because they are brave. T: Can you tell us where they live?Ss: In the zoo./In the forest./In the cage. T: Look! (pointing to the tiger in the cage) Why are they sad? Ss: ...

根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答:

(1)列出该教师运用封闭式和开放式提问的各两个例句。(12分)

(2)分析封闭式问题与开放式问题各自的一个优点和一个缺点。(12分)

(3)分析该教师提问的两个特点。(6分)

32、根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答:

(1)列出该教师运用封闭式和开放式提问的各两个例句。(12分)

(2)分析封闭式问题与开放式问题各自的一个优点和一个缺点。(12分)

(3)分析该教师提问的两个特点。(6分)

参考答案:

32.【参考答案】

(1)①封闭式问题只有一个正确答案,答案是限制性的,只能评估学生对特定知识的了解。

例句:

Can elephants swim?

Can tigers swim?

②开放式问题的答案不止一个,它能调动学生的思维,考查学生的理解能力和语用能力,语用信息量较大。

例句:

What animals do you like best?

Why do you like them?

(2)①封闭式问题。

优点:封闭式问题的答案是固定的,有利于考查学生对于语言知识掌握的准确性,可以帮助学生更好地掌握和巩固目标语,有助于学生掌握正确的语言形式。

缺点:封闭式问题属于机械性操练,学生只需要回答出特定答案,没有过多的思考,不能起到发散思维的作用,不利于培养学生举一反三、实际运用语言的能力。

②开放式问题。

优点:开放式问题的答案通常不是唯一-的。教师在教学中应用开放式问题,能够引导学生自己去思考答案,发散学生的思维,让学生有动脑思考的过程,培养学生真正运用语言的能力做到启发式教学。

缺点:与封闭式问题相比,开放式问题较难,所以对于一些基础比较薄弱的学生来说完成起来会有一定的难度。如果教师应用不当的话,可能会起不到作用,打消学生的积极性,不利于教学的顺利进行。

(3)特点:

①该教师在导入环节采用了封闭式提问以及开放式提问的方式,使提问方式多元化。这两种方式适用于不同的学生也有各自的作用,这样可以充分发挥两种提问方式的优势,削弱两种提同方式的劣势,提高了教学的有效性。

②该教师的提问方式富于变化。该教师没有让学生采用单一的回答方式,而是让学生自愿回答、齐答和指定学生回答,注重了问题的广度,这样能够集中学生的注意力,充分调动学生学习的积极性,使每个学生都有适度的参与感和紧张感,提高了教学的有效性。

解析:【喵呜刷题小u解析】

对于(1)部分,我们根据教学实录列出了两个封闭式提问和两个开放式提问的例句。封闭式提问的答案通常是固定的,例如“Can elephants swim?”,学生只需要回答“Yes”或“No”。而开放式提问则没有固定的答案,例如“What animals do you like best?”,学生可以根据自己的喜好回答。

对于(2)部分,我们分析了封闭式问题和开放式问题各自的优点和缺点。封闭式问题的优点在于答案固定,有利于考查学生的知识掌握情况,同时也能够帮助学生巩固语言形式。然而,其缺点在于过于机械,无法发散学生的思维。开放式问题的优点在于能够引导学生思考,发散思维,培养实际运用语言的能力。然而,其缺点在于对于基础薄弱的学生来说完成起来会有一定的难度,同时如果应用不当,可能会起不到作用,甚至打消学生的积极性。

对于(3)部分,我们分析了该教师提问的两个特点。首先,该教师采用了封闭式和开放式提问的方式,使提问方式多元化,充分发挥了两种提问方式的优势。其次,该教师的提问方式富于变化,注重了问题的广度,能够集中学生的注意力,调动学生的学习积极性。

设计任务:请参考人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit 9 Have you ever been to amusement park一课中3a和3b部分的语言素材,设计一节课的教学方案。学生概况:本班为中等城市普通学校初中二年级的学生,班级人数为40人。多数学生已具备初步的英语语言能力。学生能够积极参与课堂活动,合作意识较强。教学时间:45分钟。教学设计包括:● 教学目标;● 教学步骤:● 教学活动方式、具体内容。

Three students talk about the most interesting museums they have ever been to. Read the magazine article and answer the questions.

1. Which three museums do the students talk about?

2. What do you think is the most interesting thing about each museum?

Ken: The most interesting museum I’ve ever been to is the American Computer Museum. They have information about humans. I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.

Amy: I’ve recently been to a very unusual museum in India, the International Museum of Toilets. I just couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw so many different kinds of toilets there. The museum teaches people about the history.

Linlin: Watching them prepare the tea with the beautiful tea sets is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.

Read the article again and answer the following questions.

1. What does Ken say about the American Computer Museum?

2. What can we learn at the International Museum of Toilets?

3. Why is the Hangzhou National Tea Museum a nice place to enjoy tea?

33、根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。

参考答案:

本题考查教学设计。

答题思路的点拨:严格按照教学设计的步骤来写,教学设计重在自己多练,建议考生多写,加强熟练程度。建议考生将教学设计模板固定化,形成自己的套路。

解析:【喵呜刷题小u解析】

本题要求设计一节课的教学方案,以人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit 9 "Have You Ever Been to an Amusement Park?" 一课中3a和3b部分的语言素材为基础。教学设计包括教学目标、教学步骤和教学活动方式、具体内容。

首先,明确教学目标,包括提高学生的英语语言能力、培养学生的文化意识和兴趣等。

然后,设计教学步骤。在引入部分,通过分享经验、介绍话题等方式激发学生的兴趣。在阅读和讨论环节,通过小组讨论、回答问题等方式让学生理解和讨论文本内容。在语言焦点环节,通过识别关键词、讨论语言表达、应用句子等方式,帮助学生掌握语言知识。在角色扮演环节,通过选择博物馆、进行对话练习等方式,让学生在实践中运用所学知识。最后,进行总结和结论,通过分享经验、反思学习等方式,帮助学生巩固所学知识。

在教学活动方式上,采用小组讨论、角色扮演等方式,鼓励学生积极参与课堂活动,培养学生的合作意识和语言应用能力。同时,根据学生的实际情况,选择合适的教学内容和方法,以满足学生的学习需求。

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