一、单选题
1、The sound of “th” in the word “thin” is a ______.
A voiceless dental and fricative.
B voiceless dental and affricative
C voiced dental and fricative
D voiced dental and affricative
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】本题考查辅音分类。在单词“thin”中，“th”的发音是一个无声齿音摩擦音。首先，根据发音方式，“th”是摩擦音，因此排除选项B和D。其次，“th”是清辅音，因此排除选项C。最后，根据发音部位，“th”是齿音，因此正确答案为A，即“voiceless dental and fricative”。
2、 Of all the following pairs of words, ____ is the minimal pair?
A boot and bought
B deep and dog
C either and neither
D ghost and best
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查音系学中的最小对立对。最小对立对是指如果两个词，除了出现在同一位置上的一个音以外，其余的音都相同，那么这两个词就构成了一个最小对立对。A选项中的“boot”和“bought”满足这一条件，只有中间一个音不同，因此它们构成了一个最小对立对。B选项中的“deep”和“dog”只有第一个字母发音相同，C选项中的“either”和“neither”只有后面的音相同，D选项中的“ghost”和“best”也只有后面的音相同，因此它们都不满足最小对立对的条件。因此，正确答案是A项。
3、_____ can fly very high in ____ sky.
A The bird; the
B The bird; /
C Birds; the
D Birds; /
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查名词中的冠词用法。句意为“鸟在天空飞地非常高”，鸟为泛指应为Birds，在天空中，in the sky，固定短语，故排除ABD，综上，正确选项为C。
4、In my opinion, she is kind and polite, so I put her rudeness today down as _______.
A ordinary
B untimely
C progressive
D accidental
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：这道题考查的是形容词的辨析。根据题目中的描述，说话者认为她平时是“kind and polite”，而今天却表现得粗鲁，所以说话者认为今天的粗鲁是偶然的。选项D中的“accidental”意为“偶然的，意外的”，符合说话者的描述。因此，正确答案是D。
5、With spring approaching, the pink of the apple blossom is beginning to _______.
A show
B grow
C rise
D ascend
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据句意“随着春天的到来，苹果花的粉色开始显现了。”可知，这里需要用一个表示“显现，露出，呈现”的动词。A选项“show”符合句意，表示“显现，露出，呈现”的意思。B选项“grow”表示“生长，种植”，与句意不符；C选项“rise”表示“增加，提高”，也不符合句意；D选项“ascend”表示“攀登，上升，登高”，与句意也不符。因此，正确答案为A选项。
6、Mr. Woods, I am here just in case anything out of the ordinary _____.
A happens
B happen
C would happen
D will happen
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查虚拟语气。提及将来可能出现的情况将成为某人做某事的理由时用‘in case‟或‘just in case‟。原因从句中用一般现在时。Mr woods, I am here just in case anything out of the ordinary happens. 提及某人过去做某事的理由时，原因从句用一般过去时。 Sam had consented to take an overcoat in case the wind rose.综上，A选项正确。
7、I look back on this pleasant holiday in Beijing with _______ pleasure.
A anything but
B all but
C everything but
D nothing but
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：这道题考查的是短语辨析。根据句意“我回忆这次北京的假期，只有愉快。”可以推断出正确选项应该是“nothing but”，意为“只有”。而A选项“anything but”表示“根本不，绝不”，B选项“all but”表示“几乎差一点”，C选项“everything but”表示“万事皆俱”，都与句意不符。因此，正确答案是D选项。
8、Tom, take this baggage and put it ____ you can find enough space.
A which
B in which
C wherever
D whereas
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查状语从句。根据句意“Tom，把这个行李放到有足够空间的地方。”可知，此处需要用到状语从句来引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。A选项“which”表示定语从句，引导定语从句时，前面需要有先行词，此处没有，所以A选项错误；B选项“in which”也表示定语从句，用法同A选项，因此B选项也错误；D选项“whereas”表示“然而”，与句意不符，因此D选项错误。而C选项“wherever”等于“no matter where”，表示“无论在哪里”，符合句意，因此C选项正确。
9、What is the main rhetoric device used in “The Pentagon was divided on the air strike”?
A Synecdoche
B Metonymy
C Metaphor
D Oxymoron
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】这道题主要考查修辞学知识，需要对常见的修辞手法有一定的了解。首先，我们来分析题目给出的四个选项：
A. Synecdoche，提喻，这是一种通过部分代替整体，或者通过整体代替部分的修辞手法。但在这个句子中，并没有出现部分代替整体或者整体代替部分的情况，因此可以排除A选项。
B. Metonymy，借代，这是一种用一个词或短语来代替另一个词或短语的修辞手法。在这个句子中，“五角大楼”被用来代替“美国国防部”，属于以具体事物代指抽象事物，因此B选项是正确的。
C. Metaphor，隐喻，这是一种用一个词或短语比喻另一个词或短语的修辞手法。在这个句子中并没有出现比喻的情况，因此可以排除C选项。
D. Oxymoron，矛盾修辞法，这是一种将一个相互矛盾的词或短语组合在一起的修辞手法。在这个句子中并没有出现矛盾的情况，因此可以排除D选项。
综上所述，正确答案是B选项，即借代。
10、Which inference in the bracket of the following sentences is presupposition?
A Ede caught a trout (Ede caught a fish)
B Don’t sit on Carol’s bed (Carol has a bed)
C The limp is over the house (the house is under the limp)
D Coffee would keep me awake all night (I don’t want coffee)
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：
在句子“Don’t sit on Carol’s bed”中，预设了“Carol has a bed”这一前提。这是因为如果Carol没有床，那么“不要坐在Carol的床上”这一建议就没有意义。因此，选项B中的推理是预设关系。
对于其他选项：
A选项“Ede caught a trout (Ede caught a fish)”中，虽然“Ede caught a fish”可以看作是“Ede caught a trout”的一种特殊情况，但“Ede caught a trout”并不预设“Ede caught a fish”，因为“trout”只是“fish”的一个具体种类。
C选项“The limp is over the house (the house is under the limp)”中，两个句子并不是预设关系，而是同义关系，即“那个跛子在房子上面”和“房子在跛子下面”意思相同。
D选项“Coffee would keep me awake all night (I don’t want coffee)”中，两个句子并不是预设关系。前句只是陈述了咖啡的效果，后句表达了说话者不想喝咖啡的意愿，两者之间没有预设关系。
11、Which of the following instructions is helpful in developing students’ ability to make inferences?
A listen to a story and write a summary
B listen to a story and work out the writer’s intention.
C listen to a story of a baby and the draw a picture of him.
D listen to a story and note down the specific date of an event
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：推理能力是指从具体的信息中推断出隐含的、更深层含义的能力。在给出的选项中，只有B选项“listen to a story and work out the writer’s intention”（听故事并推测作者的写作意图）能够帮助学生发展推理能力。其他选项，如A的“写总结”、C的“画图片”和D的“记下具体日期”，虽然都是与故事相关的活动，但它们更多地是要求学生提取故事中的具体信息，而不是进行推理。因此，B选项是最有助于发展学生推理能力的指令。
12、The most suitable question type to check students’ comprehension and develop their critical thinking is _______.
A rhetorical question
B referential question
C close question
D display question
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：最适合检查学生理解并发展他们批判性思维的提问类型是referential question（参考性问题）。参考性问题没有固定的答案，可以鼓励学生思考和表达自己的观点，从而发展他们的理解和批判性思维。相比之下，rhetorical question（反问）、close question（封闭性问题）和display question（展示性问题）都有固定的答案或选项，可能限制了学生的思考空间，不利于发展他们的理解和批判性思维。因此，正确答案是B选项。
13、Diagnostic test is often used for the purpose of _______?
A finding out what students know and don’t know
B measuring students’ general English language proficiency
C knowing whether students have the right language aptitude
D checking students whether have achieved the teaching objectives
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：
诊断性测试主要用于找出学生知道和不知道的内容，以便教师能够根据学生的掌握情况调整教学策略。因此，选项A“找出学生知道和不知道的内容”是正确答案。选项B“测量学生的一般英语语言能力”更像是水平测试，而诊断性测试更注重找出学生的具体掌握情况。选项C“知道学生是否有语言天赋”更像是能力测试，与诊断性测试的目的不符。选项D“检查学生是否达到了教学目标”更像是学业成绩测试，也不符合诊断性测试的目的。因此，正确答案是A。
14、Which of the following activities is often used to develop students’ speaking accuracy?
A Identifying and correcting oral mistakes
B Acting out the dialogue in the text
C Having discussing in group
D describing people in pairs
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：A选项“Identifying and correcting oral mistakes”指的是识别和纠正口语错误，这种活动通常用于提高学生的口语准确性。因此，A选项符合题目要求，是正确答案。而B选项“Acting out the dialogue in the text”、C选项“Having discussing in group”和D选项“describing people in pairs”都是口语交际活动，虽然也能锻炼学生的口语能力，但它们更注重流畅性和交际性，而不是准确性。因此，这些选项不符合题目要求。
15、If a teacher asks students to make their own learning plan, he/she is trying to develop students’ ________?
A cognitive strategy
B affective strategy
C communicative strategy
D metacognitive strategy
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查学习策略。题干中提到，如果教师让学生制定他们的学习计划，那么他/她是在培养学生的哪种策略。学习策略可以分为认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。元认知策略是学生对自己的认知过程及结果的有效监视及控制的策略，包括计划策略、监控策略和调节策略。计划策略指的是对学习等活动的事前规划，如制定学习计划等。因此，选项D“元认知策略”是正确答案。选项A“认知策略”是指学生为了完成具体学习任务而采取的步骤和方法，不符合题意。选项B“情感策略”和选项C“交际策略”与题干中的情境不符，因此可以排除。
16、When a teacher tells the students that the word “dog” may imply “loyalty”, he/she is teaching the ______ of the mood.
A denotative meaning
B collocative meaning
C conceptual meaning
D connotative meaning
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：题目中提到“狗”这个词可能暗示“忠诚”，关键词“imply”表示暗示、隐含的意思，因此是在描述词的内涵意义，即D选项“connotative meaning”内涵意义。A选项“denotative meaning”是外延意义，即词的基本含义；B选项“collocative meaning”是搭配意义，即词在特定语境中的含义；C选项“conceptual meaning”是概念意义，即词在概念上的含义。因此，正确答案是D选项“connotative meaning”。
17、Which of the following is the last step in the process of writing essays?
A Editing the writings
B Writing topic sentences for paragraphs
C Gathering information and ideas relevant to the topic
D Organizing the information and idea into a logical sequences
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在写作的过程中，收集信息、组织信息、撰写主题句和编辑写作是依次进行的步骤。其中，编辑写作是写作过程的最后一步，也就是对已经写好的文章进行润色、修改和完善，以确保文章的质量。因此，选项A“编辑写作”是写作过程的最后一步。其他选项要么属于写作之前的准备阶段（如收集信息和组织信息），要么属于写作过程中的某个环节（如撰写主题句），都不是写作过程的最后一步。
18、The main purpose of asking questions about the topic before listening is to _______.
A meet students’ expectation
B increase students’ confidence
C activate students’ schemata
D provide feedback on tasks
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在听之前问问题的主要目的是激发学生的图示。通过提问，可以引导学生思考相关背景知识，激活他们已有的知识结构和经验，从而更好地理解和吸收听力材料。因此，正确答案为C选项，即“激发学生的图示”。其他选项如A选项“满足学生的期望”、B选项“增加学生的信心”和D选项“对任务提供反馈”都不符合听前提问的主要目的。
19、If a teacher asks students to fill in the blanks in a passage with “that”, ”which” or ”whom”, he/she is least likely focusing on grammar at _______.
A lexical level
B syntactic level
C discourse level
D morphological level
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在这个问题中，我们需要判断老师让学生用“that”，“which”或“whom”填空时，最不可能关注的语法层面。首先，我们要理解这些选项的含义：
A. 词汇层面 - 词汇层面主要关注单词的意义和用法。在这个问题中，老师让学生选择关系代词填空，这涉及到词汇的使用，但并不直接体现词汇层面的教学。
B. 句法层面 - 句法层面关注句子的结构和语法规则。老师让学生用“that”，“which”或“whom”填空，这些词在句子中起到连接作用，是句法层面的教学内容。
C. 语篇层面 - 语篇层面关注语言在语境中的使用，包括语义和语用。虽然老师让学生填空，但这个问题并没有涉及到语境和语义的理解，所以并不直接体现语篇层面的教学。
D. 形态学层面 - 形态学层面关注词的构成和形态变化。在这个问题中，老师并没有涉及到词的构成或形态变化，因此最不可能关注的是形态学层面。
综上所述，老师让学生用“that”，“which”或“whom”填空时，最不可能关注的是形态学层面，因此答案为D。
20、If a teacher asks students to talk about their hobbies in groups, he/she is trying to encourage _______.
A peer correction
B peer feedback
C peer interaction
D peer assessment
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：本题考查的是教学活动类型。老师要求学生分组讨论他们的爱好，这种教学方式是在鼓励学生发展他们的同伴交流能力。因此，正确答案是C选项，即"peer interaction（同伴交流）"。A选项"peer correction（同伴纠错）"、B选项"peer feedback（同伴反馈）"和D选项"peer assessment（同伴互评）"都与老师要求学生讨论爱好的目的不符，因此可以排除。
With her magical first novel, Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whose voices are suddenly reaching a far wider, more diverse audience. Unlike Latin American writers such as Colombia’s Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru’s Mario Vargas Llosa-whose translated works became popular here in the 1970s-these authors are writing in English and drawing their themes from two cultures. Their stories, from “Dreaming in Cuban” to Julia Alvarez’s “How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent” and Victor Villasenor’s “Rain of Gold”, offer insight into the mixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States. “Garia Girls” for example, is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants, “We didn’t feel we had the beat the United States had to offer,” one of the girls says, “We had only second-hand staff, rental houses in one redneck Catholic neighborhood after another, clothes at Round Robin, a black and white TV afflicted with wavy lines. ” Alvarez, a Middlebury College professor who emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was 10, says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: “We travel on that border between two worlds and we can see both points of view. ”
With few exceptions, such as Chicano writer Rudolfo Anaya, many Hispanic-Americans have been writing in virtual obscurity for years, nurtured only by small presses like Houston’s Arte Pubilco or the Bilingual Press in Tempe, Ariz. Only with the recent success of Sandra Cisneros’s “Woman Hollering Ceek” and Oscar Hijuelos’s prize-winning novel, “The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love,” have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos. Julie Grau, Cisneros’s editor at Turtle Bay, says, “Editors may now be looking more carefully at a book that before they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership. ”
But if Villasenor’s experience is any indication, some editors are still wary. In 1989，Putnam gave Villasenor a $75,000 advance for the hardcover rights to “Rain of Gold,” the compelling saga of his family’s migration from Mexico to California. But the editors, says Villasenor, wanted major changes: “They were going to destroy the book. It’s nonfiction; they wanted to publish it as a novel. And they wanted to change the title to ‘Rio Grande,’ which sounded like some old John Wayne movie. ” After a year of strained relations, he mortgaged his house, borrowed his mother’s life savings and bought back the rights to the book that had taken 10 years to write.
In frustration, Villasenor turned to Arte Publico. In the eight months since its release, “Rain of Gold” has done extremely well, considering its limited distribution; 20,000 copies have been sold. “If we were a mainstream publisher, this book would have been on The New York Times best-seller list for weeks,” says Arte Pulico’s Nicolas Kanelos. The author may still have a shot: he has sold the paperback rights to Dell. And he was just named a keynote speaker (with Molly Ivins and Norman Schwarzkopf for the American Booksellers Association convention in May. Long before they gained this sort of attention, however, Villasenor, Cisneros and other Latino writers were quietly building devoted followings. Crossing the country, they read in local bookstores, libraries and schools. Their stories, they found, appeal not only to Latinos-who identify with them, but to a surprising number of Anglos, who find in them a refreshingly different perspective on American life. Still, there are unusual pressures on these writers. Cisneros vividly recalls the angst she went through in writing the final short stories for “Woman Hollering”: “I was traumatized that it was going to be one of the first Chicano books ‘out there. ’ I felt I had this responsibility to my community to represent us in all our diversity. ”
21、Which of the following is true of Garcia as a Latino writer according to the passage?
A She offered insight into the confrontations between two cultures.
B She emigrated from Santo Domingo when she was 10 years old.
C She became popular for her translated works in America in the 1970s.
D She described her transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据原文中的描述，Garcia的作品提供了对拉丁裔美国人在美国遇到的经济机会和歧视的洞察，这表明她的作品提供了对两种文化冲突的见解。因此，选项A“她提供了两种文化冲突的见解”是正确的。选项B虽然描述了Alvarez的情况，但并不适用于Garcia；选项C描述的是其他拉丁裔作家，而不是Garcia；选项D虽然描述了“Garia Girls”的故事，但这只是她作品的一部分，不足以代表她作为拉丁裔作家的整体情况。
22、What advantage do the new generation Latino writers have over Latin American writers according to the passage?
A The former are able to write in two different languages.
B The former can translate their works into different languages.
C The former are able to express ideas from a bi-cultural perspective.
D The former can travel freely across the border between two countries.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据文章中的描述，新一代拉丁裔作家与拉丁美洲作家相比，他们有一个显著的优势，那就是他们能够表达一种双文化视角。他们的作品既融入了拉丁裔文化的元素，也汲取了美国文化的精髓，使得他们的作品更加贴近拉丁裔移民在美国生活的真实体验，同时也为非拉丁裔读者提供了全新的视角。因此，新一代拉丁裔作家能够表达双文化视角，这是他们相对于拉丁美洲作家的一大优势。选项A虽然提到他们能写两种语言，但文章中并未强调这一点；选项B虽然与翻译有关，但文章中并没有明确提到他们可以翻译自己的作品；选项D与自由穿越两国边境无关，与文章主旨不符。因此，正确答案为C。
23、Which of the following is true of the Latino writers according to Paragraph 2?
A Their works are full of obscurities.
B None of their works won an overnight success.
C Most of them remained unknown to the public for years.
D They have great difficulty getting their works published.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：Paragraph 2中提到，许多Hispanic-Americans的作品多年来一直处于虚拟的默默无闻之中，只有少数例外，如Chicano作家Rudolfo Anaya。主流出版商只在最近才开始为其他拉丁裔作家打开大门，这表明大多数拉丁裔作家的作品长期以来鲜为人知。因此，正确答案为C，即他们中的大多数长期以来保持着对公众的不知。
24、What can be drawn from Villasenor’s experience?
A Some editors of mainstream publishers are critical.
B Many Latino writers were mostly favored by small presses.
C “Rain of Gold” was going to be one of the first Chicano books.
D “Rain of Gold” was intended to be published as a novel by the author.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据题目中的描述，Villasenor的经历表明，一些主流出版社的编辑对他的作品持谨慎态度。在1989年，Putnam出版社为他的书《Rain of Gold》提供了75,000美元的预付款，但编辑们希望进行重大修改，包括将非小说类作品改编成小说，并将书名改为听起来像一部老约翰韦恩电影的名字“Rio Grande”。经过一年的紧张关系后，Villasenor用房产作抵押，并向母亲借钱买回了他的版权。这说明主流出版社的编辑对这部作品并不满意，可能是对其风格或内容有所疑虑，因此选项A“一些主流出版社的编辑对这部作品持批评态度”是正确的。
25、What did the new generation Latino writers do to get their works known to the public?
A They avoided writing those too exotic for readers.
B They revised their works as required by press.
C They translated their works into English.
D They read their books in public places.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据原文中的描述，新一代的拉丁裔作家通过在不同的公共场所阅读他们的作品，如书店、图书馆和学校，来吸引读者，并让他们的作品被公众所了解。因此，正确答案是D，即他们在公共场所阅读他们的书籍。
Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak, the values we absorb-shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we (“we” being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The “me” circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions.
“Cultural neuroscince,” as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the “me/mom” circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences. For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split). Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects.
Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain’s dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer’s culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa. Cultural neuroscience wouldn’t be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3+4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But English speakers use language circuits. It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight. (Insert cliché about Asian math geniuses) “One would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal,” says Ambady, but they “seem to be culture-specific.”
Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it’s important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it’s well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite. Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all, it’s not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver.
Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding. Take the me/mom finding, which, she argues, “attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain.” Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental, perhaps, that “universal” notions such as human rights, democracy, and the like may be no such thing.
26、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “making waves” in Paragraph 3?
A Drawing criticism.
B Receiving suspicion.
C Attracting attention.
D Causing disagreement.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在原文中，“making waves”被用来形容文化神经科学领域的发现引起关注或引起轰动。从四个选项中，D选项“Causing disagreement”（引起分歧）最接近原文的含义，表示引起了人们的注意和讨论，而非仅仅是批评、怀疑或吸引注意力。因此，正确答案为D。
27、Why does the author cite the findings of previous studies in Paragraph 3?
A To introduce a new topic.
B To place a topic in a larger context.
C To discuss a solution to a certain problem.
D To provide empirical data to confirm a prior belief.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在第三段中，作者引用了之前的研究发现，如“me/mom”电路和亚洲人与美国人处理复杂、繁忙场景时大脑活动的差异，以及日本人和美国人对不同姿态的反应等，是为了提供实证数据来确认作者之前的观点。这种引用实证数据的方式是为了加强文章的说服力，并帮助读者更深入地理解作者所表达的文化和神经科学之间的联系。因此，作者引用这些发现是为了提供经验证据来确认一个先前的信念，即文化影响大脑，而不是相反。所以，正确答案是D。
28、Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A Neural processes are likely to be culturally neutral.
B The brain is believed to be influenced by different cultures.
C Westerners focus on individualism while East Asians on collectivism.
D Neuroscience reveals nothing more than we know from anthropology.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在文章第一段中提到“科学家们惊讶于文化（我们所说的语言、我们所吸收的价值观）如何深深地塑造大脑”，并且提到不同文化下的大脑功能存在差异。文章最后一段也提到“文化神经科学确实在推动理解”，这表明大脑功能可能受到不同文化的影响。因此，可以推断出大脑可能受到不同文化的影响，即选项B“大脑被认为受到不同文化的影响”是可以从文章中推断出来的。选项A“神经过程可能是文化中立的”与文章中的描述相反，选项C“西方人注重个人主义，而东亚人注重集体主义”虽然文章中有提及，但只是作为例子，并不是可以推断出的结论，选项D“神经科学揭示的并不比我们已知的人类学知识更多”也与文章中的描述相反。
29、Which of the following is a significant breakthrough achieved by cultural neuroscience according to the passage?
A It proves that some values are deeply rooted in human liver.
B It correlates cultural differences with different brain activities.
C It suggests that some universal concepts are shared across cultures.
D It disputes our usual understanding of fundamental cultural differences.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：根据文章中的描述，文化神经科学（Cultural Neuroscience）是一个新的领域，旨在发现不同文化间的差异，包括在大脑活动上的差异。文章中提到了多项研究成果，表明不同文化的人在不同的认知任务中大脑活动的不同，这些不同与文化中人们如何看待自我、个体与集体的关系等因素相关。因此，文化神经科学通过将文化差异与大脑活动联系起来，实现了文化差异与不同大脑活动之间的关联，这是文化神经科学的一个重要突破。因此，选项B“它关联了文化差异与不同的大脑活动”是正确答案。
30、Which of the following may best describe the author’s attitudes towards universal cultural concepts in the last paragraph?
A Doubtful.
B Positive.
C Negative.
D Neutral.
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】：在文章的最后一段中，作者提到文化神经科学不仅揭示了已知的文化差异，还揭示了意想不到的差异。作者认为，通过神经科学揭示的脑部活动与文化的关系，我们可以更深入地理解文化之间的差异。尤其是作者引用了Ambady的观点，即文化神经科学推进了理解，因为它揭示了个人主义文化和集体主义文化在脑部活动上的差异。因此，可以推断出作者对普遍的文化概念持积极态度，认为文化神经科学为我们提供了更深入的理解。所以，正确答案是B，即作者的态度是积极的。
二、简答题
31、简述教学日志(teaching journal)的含义（5分）和三个作用（9分），列出教学日志的三点注意事项（6分）。
参考答案：
本题考查教学日志
答题思路的点拨：教学日志的关键词是记录加反思，一定要答道关键词。简答题考的比较灵活，强调学生的积极思考。教学日志的作用在于促进教师思考；促进教育理论的深入；促进教师自身经验的提升。
解析：【喵呜刷题小喵解析】
这个回答准确地把握了题目中的要求，详细地解释了教学日志的含义和作用，并且提出了在编写教学日志时需要注意的事项。对于教学日志的含义，回答指出它是教师对教学过程的记录、反思和总结的一种书面材料，强调了其在教学反思、改进教学和提高教学质量方面的作用。对于教学日志的作用，回答从促进教师思考、促进教育理论的深入和促进教师自身经验的提升三个方面进行了阐述。最后，回答还列出了教学日志编写的三个注意事项，包括真实性、反思性和规范性，这些注意事项有助于保证教学日志的有效性和可靠性。整体来说，这个回答内容全面、逻辑清晰，符合题目要求。
下面是一位高中英语老师进行词汇教学的课堂板书
a black cat
an expert—— doctor
a brilliant student
a tidy room
a rainy day
a difficult problem
结合图示，回答下列三个问题：
32、图一和图二体现了词汇教学的哪两种方式？
参考答案：
本题考查词汇教学模式和词汇教学模式的优缺点和原则。。
答题思路的点拨：图一体现了英语词汇固定搭配教学方法。强调词的搭配和搭配意义；由一个词联想到很多词为头脑风暴，多适用于词汇教学。
解析：【喵呜刷题小u解析】：
根据图示，我们可以观察到词汇教学的两种主要方式：
1. 图一体现了英语词汇固定搭配教学方法。这种方法强调词的搭配和搭配意义，通过展示一个中心词（如“a black cat”）及其固定搭配（如“black cat”），帮助学生理解和记忆词汇的搭配用法。这种方法有助于学生在实际运用中正确运用词汇，提高语言运用的准确性。
2. 图二则体现了英语词汇联想教学方法。这种方法通过由一个词联想到很多词，形成头脑风暴，多适用于词汇教学。通过联想，学生可以将新词汇与已知词汇建立联系，形成词汇网络，有助于扩大词汇量，提高词汇记忆的效率。
因此，结合图示，我们可以得出答案：图一和图二分别体现了英语词汇固定搭配教学方法和英语词汇联想教学方法，这两种方法都是词汇教学中常用的有效方式。
33、这两种词汇教学方法各有什么优缺点？
参考答案：
本题考查词汇教学模式的优缺点。
解析：【喵呜刷题小u解析】
本题要求分析两种词汇教学方法的优缺点。首先，第一种方法是通过图片展示词汇，这种方法能够直观地展示词汇所代表的事物，帮助学生更好地理解词汇的含义和用法。同时，图片能够吸引学生的注意力，提高学生的学习兴趣。然而，这种方法可能只适用于一些具体的名词，对于抽象词汇或动词等可能不太适用。
第二种方法是通过给出示例，让学生根据示例来猜测和学习新词汇。这种方法能够帮助学生通过上下文理解词汇的含义和用法，培养学生的猜测和推理能力。同时，这种方法也适用于不同类型的词汇，包括名词、动词、形容词等。然而，这种方法需要学生具备一定的语言基础和理解能力，对于初学者可能不太适用。
因此，在实际教学中，老师应该根据学生的实际情况和教学目标选择适合的词汇教学方法。同时，也可以将两种方法结合起来使用，以达到更好的教学效果。
34、这两种教学方法遵循了词汇教学的哪两个原则。
参考答案：
词汇教学原则较多1. 语境化 2. 调用多种感官3.语块化（固定搭配） 4. 激发兴趣，根据题目，写最匹配的两个原则。可写两个与话题最相关的词汇教学的原则。
解析：【喵呜刷题小u解析】：
根据图示和题目要求，我们需要找出两种教学方法遵循的词汇教学原则。
首先，我们看到图示中展示的是一些词汇搭配，如“a black cat”、“an expert doctor”等，这些搭配都是在特定的语境中使用的，因此可以推断出第一种教学方法遵循了语境化的原则。
其次，图示中的词汇都是与图示中的图片相关的，例如“a black cat”与图片中的猫相对应，这种教学方式将词汇与具体的事物或场景联系起来，有助于学习者更好地记忆和理解词汇，因此可以推断出第二种教学方法遵循了语块化的原则。
因此，结合图示和题目要求，我们可以得出这两种教学方法遵循了词汇教学的语境化和语块化原则。
教学任务：阅读学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。
教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
Teaching objectives
Teaching contents
Key and difficult points
Major steps and time allocation
Activities and evaluation
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。（40分）
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。
语言材料：
Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of "walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges". Now his dream has come true. The power of the Yangtze River, which is the world’s third longest river, has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam. The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China. The dam is ncarly200 meters high and 1.5 kilometers wide. It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.
Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.Three quarters of Chinas energy is produced by burning coal. In 1993, China used 1.2billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. Unfortunately, burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 4Omillion tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.
The reservoir has flooded 2 cities, 11 counties, 140 towns and more than 4,000 villages. More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now they’re living a happy new life in different areas.
The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of China’s most famous historical sites, including the Qu Yuan Temple, the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings. About 800historical relics have been submerged. Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.
35、根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案，用英文作答。
参考答案：
见答案
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