一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It examines the effect of cholesterol on people’s health.
B、Its participants all had high blood cholesterol levels.
C、It questions the benefits of a vegetarian protein diet.
D、Its finding came as a surprise to the researchers.
解析：
听力原文
White meat, such as chicken, may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does. (1) [This finding surprised researchers,] who admitted they didn’t expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels. In the study, researchers looked at 113 healthy people. The participants ate three different diets. These were a red meat diet, which is primarily beef, a white meat diet, which is mostly chicken and turkey, and a vegetarian protein diet. Each diet period was four weeks. Between the diet periods, participants had a break, during which they ate their regular foods. In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet. The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels. Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared with the diet built on vegetarian protein sources. (2) [The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat despite their findings.] This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease independent of cholesterol. Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat and more vegetarian protein.
1. What do we learn from the news report about the study?（关于这项研究，我们能从新闻中了解到什么？）
解析：D。录音开头提到，白肉和红肉一样能引起血液中的胆固醇水平升高，这一发现让研究人员很惊讶（This finding surprised researchers）。D项与此内容相符，其中的finding和researchers原词复现，came as a surprise对应录音中的surprised，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到胆固醇对人体健康的影响，故排除A项。录音中提到，113名参与者都是身体健康的人，没有提到他们血液中的胆固醇水平都很高，故排除B项。该项研究发现，与素食蛋白饮食相比，红肉和白肉都会提高受试者血液中的胆固醇水平，因此建议人们多吃素食蛋白，C项与此相悖，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They do not know all the effects of eating meat.
B、Red meat itself does not cause heart diseases.
C、White meat may be healthier than red meat.
D、Vegetarian protein may be easier to absorb.
解析：
听力原文
White meat, such as chicken, may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does. (1) [This finding surprised researchers,] who admitted they didn’t expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels. In the study, researchers looked at 113 healthy people. The participants ate three different diets. These were a red meat diet, which is primarily beef, a white meat diet, which is mostly chicken and turkey, and a vegetarian protein diet. Each diet period was four weeks. Between the diet periods, participants had a break, during which they ate their regular foods. In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet. The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels. Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared with the diet built on vegetarian protein sources. (2) [The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat despite their findings.] This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease independent of cholesterol. Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat and more vegetarian protein.
2. What did the researchers acknowledge?（研究人员承认了什么？）
解析：C。录音后半部分提到，研究小组承认，白肉可能比红肉更有益于我们的健康（it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat）。C项与此相符，其中的healthier是对录音中better for our health的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中，研究人员没有明确提到是否了解吃肉所带来的的所有影响，故A项排除。录音后半部分提到，食用红肉可能会导致与胆固醇无关的心脏疾病，B项与此相悖，故排除。录音中未提到与“吸收”有关的内容，D项中的absorb在录音中无依据，故排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It may have been due to the lorry driver’s drunk driving.
B、It may affect the local supply of turkeys for Christmas.
C、It interrupted traffic for several hours running.
D、It was caused by a lorry running into a trailer.
解析：
听力原文
At around half past nine this morning, a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of High Street in Milton. Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled all over the road. It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident, but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners. (3) [With just one week to go before Christmas, there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected.] A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene. She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving. The crossing on High Street is a well-known accident black spot. (4) [This year alone, there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.] Thankfully, none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.
3. What does the news report say about the accident at the crossing of High Street in Milton?（关于米尔顿商业街十字路口的事故，新闻报道说了什么？）
解析：B。录音前半部分提到，因为事故发生的时间就在圣诞节前一周，人们担心当地超市里这一节日最爱的供应量会受到影响。根据录音开头提到的火鸡撒落一地可知，这里的“节日最爱”指的就是火鸡。B项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的lorry进行干扰，但drunk driving在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的affect traffic进行干扰，但并没有说导致交通中断了数小时，C项无中生有，故排除。D项利用录音中的trailer和lorry进行干扰，但录音中说的事故原因并不是货车和拖车相撞，而是一辆由卡车牵引的拖车翻车，D项曲解了录音的意思，故排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It has been the scene of several fatal accidents recently.
B、It is the spot that causes the local police a lot of worry.
C、It has witnessed several traffic accidents this year.
D、It is a location frequented by local traffic police.
解析：
听力原文
At around half past nine this morning, a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of High Street in Milton. Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled all over the road. It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident, but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners. (3) [With just one week to go before Christmas, there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected.] A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene. She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving. The crossing on High Street is a well-known accident black spot. (4) [This year alone, there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.] Thankfully, none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.
4. What do we learn about the crossing on High Street?（关于商业街的十字路口，我们能了解到什么？）
解析：C。录音结尾提到，商业街的十字路口是出了名的交通事故多发区，仅今年一年，这个地方就发生了七起交通事故。C项与此相符，其中的this year原词复现，several traffic accidents是对录音中seven traffic accidents的近义转述，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音结尾提到，今年发生在商业街十字路口的事故都没有造成重伤，A项与此相悖，故排除。录音中只提到该商业街十字路口是交通事故多发区（accident black spot），没有说当地警方担心或者常去这个地方，B项和D项过度引申，故均排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Get approval to add more routes.
B、Attract more international tourists.
C、Advertise it through a mobile app.
D、Make it affordable to common folk.
解析：
听力原文
India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday, promising to ferry customers the 40 miles between Bangalore’s Electronic City tech hub and the international airport terminal in 15 minutes. Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app. The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India, offers only one route, (5) [but Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.] Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers. (6) [A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much.] But Bangalore airport says (7) [it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.] “A large number of high-class travelers, including CEOs, have to spend more than three hours by road to get there, and that is a loss of time,” a Bangalore airport spokesperson said. “This is not a low-cost option, but it is an option,” she added. The helicopters ferried around eight customers to the airport on their first day. The company that owns and operates the service is called Thumby Aviation. It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.
5. What is Bangalore airport trying to do about the helicopter taxi service?（关于直升机的士服务，班加罗尔机场正努力做些什么？）
解析：A。录音前半部分提到，目前直升机的士服务只提供一条航线，一旦获得批准，班加罗尔机场将增加更多航线（will add more once it gets approval）。A项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到有关“吸引国际游客”的信息，故排除B项。录音中提到，客户可以通过手机应用程序预订直升机，而不是进行宣传，故排除C项。录音中提到，对于许多旅行者来说，搭乘直升机的士不是一个负担得起的选择，该项服务主要是针对匆忙赶时间的高级旅客，没有说要努力让普通人也负担得起，故排除D项。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It costs more than twice as much as a car ride.
B、It is gaining popularity among ordinary Indians.
C、It symbolizes India’s advancement in high-tech.
D、It can get anywhere in the city within 15 minutes.
解析：
听力原文
India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday, promising to ferry customers the 40 miles between Bangalore’s Electronic City tech hub and the international airport terminal in 15 minutes. Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app. The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India, offers only one route, (5) [but Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.] Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers. (6) [A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much.] But Bangalore airport says (7) [it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.] “A large number of high-class travelers, including CEOs, have to spend more than three hours by road to get there, and that is a loss of time,” a Bangalore airport spokesperson said. “This is not a low-cost option, but it is an option,” she added. The helicopters ferried around eight customers to the airport on their first day. The company that owns and operates the service is called Thumby Aviation. It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.
6. What do we learn from the news report about the helicopter taxi ride?（从这篇关于搭乘直升机的士的新闻报道中，我们了解到什么？）
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，同样的路程，搭乘汽车所需花销还不到搭乘直升机的一半。由此可知，搭乘直升机的费用是乘车的两倍多，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的India进行干扰，但gaining popularity和ordinary在录音中都没有依据，故排除B项。C项利用录音中的India和tech进行拼凑，与录音意思不符，故排除。录音中只提到，直升机的士服务承诺为客户提供15分钟内从班加罗尔电子城科技中心至国际机场航站楼之间40英里的接送服务，D项说法过于宽泛、绝对，故错误。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、International tourists.
B、High-class travelers.
C、Prominent superstars.
D、Customers in a hurry.
解析：
听力原文
India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday, promising to ferry customers the 40 miles between Bangalore’s Electronic City tech hub and the international airport terminal in 15 minutes. Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app. The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India, offers only one route, (5) [but Bangalore airport will add more once it gets approval.] Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers. (6) [A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much.] But Bangalore airport says (7) [it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.] “A large number of high-class travelers, including CEOs, have to spend more than three hours by road to get there, and that is a loss of time,” a Bangalore airport spokesperson said. “This is not a low-cost option, but it is an option,” she added. The helicopters ferried around eight customers to the airport on their first day. The company that owns and operates the service is called Thumby Aviation. It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.
7. Who are the targeted customers of the helicopter taxi service?（直升机的士服务的目标客户是谁？）
解析：B。录音中间部分提到，班加罗尔机场称，搭乘直升机对于匆忙赶时间的科技高管来说，是比乘车更好的选择。因为包括首席执行官在内的很多高级旅客必须经过三个多小时的路程才能到达，这是一种时间的浪费。由此可知，收费高昂的直升机的士服务将目标客户锁定在高级旅客上，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的International和C项在录音中无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的in a hurry进行干扰，但录音中说的是赶时间的科技高管，并不是所有赶时间的乘客都是该项服务的目标客户，故D项排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Treat her friends in a bar.
B、Take a trip to Washington.
C、Make some cheese.
D、Throw a party.
解析：
听力原文
W: (8) [Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.]
M: What kind would you like?
W: Sorry, I don’t know much about cheese. What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?
M: That’s easy. For barbecue, you could have any cheese you want. I imagine there will be different foods, and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?
W: Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. (8) [We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.] There will be around 20 of us, including children.
M: Great. (9) [So you could have different types of cheese.] How much would you like to spend?
W: Not very much. Let’s say, 30 dollars.
M: (9) [I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.] That will offer you a good variety to suit different people’s tastes.
W: That sounds good. What’s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?
M: Well, it depends, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese, it’s only 15 dollars, a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife, and then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It’s delicious. (10) [Children love it.]
W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?
M: Yes, for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own. It’s 16 dollars.
W: (11) [Okay, I’ll take both.] Thank you for your help.
8. What does the woman plan to do for the weekend?（女士周末打算做什么？）
解析：D。录音开头女士提到，想买些奶酪用于周末的烧烤活动，后面又提到会有一小群朋友在华盛顿公园聚会（a small group of friends gathering together at Washington park）。由此可知，女士周末想要办一场聚会，故选D。
错项排除：A项中的in a bar和B项的Take a trip在录音中无依据，故均可排除。由对话可知，女士是要买一些奶酪用于烧烤，而不是自己做奶酪，故C项错误。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Spend no more than 30 dollars.
B、Buy different kinds of cheese.
C、Help him prepare the barbecue.
D、Find out different people’s tastes.
解析：
听力原文
W: (8) [Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.]
M: What kind would you like?
W: Sorry, I don’t know much about cheese. What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?
M: That’s easy. For barbecue, you could have any cheese you want. I imagine there will be different foods, and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?
W: Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. (8) [We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.] There will be around 20 of us, including children.
M: Great. (9) [So you could have different types of cheese.] How much would you like to spend?
W: Not very much. Let’s say, 30 dollars.
M: (9) [I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.] That will offer you a good variety to suit different people’s tastes.
W: That sounds good. What’s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?
M: Well, it depends, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese, it’s only 15 dollars, a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife, and then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It’s delicious. (10) [Children love it.]
W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?
M: Yes, for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own. It’s 16 dollars.
W: (11) [Okay, I’ll take both.] Thank you for your help.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do?（男士建议女士做什么？）
解析：B。在录音中间，男士建议女士购买不同种类的奶酪（have different types of cheese），B项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士说自己的预算在30美元左右，这不是男士的建议，故A项错误。要举办烧烤活动的是女士而不是男士，故C项错误。录音中男士只是建议女士买些不同种类的奶酪来适应不同人的口味，并没有建议女士了解不同人的口味，故D项排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is the best kind of hard cheese.
B、It is the most popular in Spain.
C、It is more delicious than honey.
D、It is a good choice for children.
解析：
听力原文
W: (8) [Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.]
M: What kind would you like?
W: Sorry, I don’t know much about cheese. What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?
M: That’s easy. For barbecue, you could have any cheese you want. I imagine there will be different foods, and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?
W: Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. (8) [We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.] There will be around 20 of us, including children.
M: Great. (9) [So you could have different types of cheese.] How much would you like to spend?
W: Not very much. Let’s say, 30 dollars.
M: (9) [I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.] That will offer you a good variety to suit different people’s tastes.
W: That sounds good. What’s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?
M: Well, it depends, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese, it’s only 15 dollars, a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife, and then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It’s delicious. (10) [Children love it.]
W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?
M: Yes, for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own. It’s 16 dollars.
W: (11) [Okay, I’ll take both.] Thank you for your help.
10. What does the man say about Spanish goat cheese?（关于西班牙山羊奶酪，男士说了什么？）
解析：D。在对话后半部分，男士推荐西班牙山羊奶酪时说，孩子们都爱吃。D项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：西班牙山羊奶酪是男士介绍软奶酪时提到的，可知它属于软奶酪而不是硬奶酪，故A项错误。B项的most popular在录音中未提及，故排除。录音中男士说到可以把西班牙山羊奶酪抹在面包上，然后再加一点点蜂蜜，就会非常好吃，C项利用delicious和honey进行拼凑，曲解了录音原意，故错误。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Buy what the man recommended.
B、Have a taste of both of the cheeses.
C、Choose one of the two types of cheese.
D、Ask the man to cut the cheese into slices.
解析：
听力原文
W: (8) [Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.]
M: What kind would you like?
W: Sorry, I don’t know much about cheese. What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?
M: That’s easy. For barbecue, you could have any cheese you want. I imagine there will be different foods, and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?
W: Yes, exactly. It will be very casual. (8) [We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.] There will be around 20 of us, including children.
M: Great. (9) [So you could have different types of cheese.] How much would you like to spend?
W: Not very much. Let’s say, 30 dollars.
M: (9) [I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.] That will offer you a good variety to suit different people’s tastes.
W: That sounds good. What’s the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?
M: Well, it depends, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam. I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese, it’s only 15 dollars, a very good price. You can spread it on bread with a knife, and then add a tiny bit of honey on top. It’s delicious. (10) [Children love it.]
W: Okay, great. What about a hard cheese?
M: Yes, for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here. It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor. You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own. It’s 16 dollars.
W: (11) [Okay, I’ll take both.] Thank you for your help.
11. What is the woman going to do at the end of the conversation?（在对话结尾，女士打算做什么？）
解析：A。在对话结尾，女士说两种奶酪她都要了（I’ll take both），而这两种奶酪都是男士推荐的，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音结尾女士只是买下了这两种奶酪，并没有提到要品尝，故B项错误。C项与录音中的take both相悖，故排除。录音中男士只是推荐把硬奶酪切片吃，而女士并没有让他切片，故D项错误。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、New teachers and staff have to be recruited.
B、It might take some time for students to adapt.
C、It involves buying lots of tablets and software.
D、The software has to be constantly upgraded.
解析：
听力原文
M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester. I can’t wait.
W: Really? (12) [What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it.] Not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.
M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high, but much lower afterwards. Besides that, tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable. (13) [Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.]
W: Not necessarily. (14) [Tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers.] In fact, research suggests that people who read printed texts comprehend more, remember more and learn 30% more than those who read digital texts.
M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks. Think about it: (13) [Students are able to highlight and edit texts, write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.] And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?
W: Actually, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers. (15) [It does far more damage to the environment.]
M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly, without the need for buying a whole lot of new books. That’s better for the environment.
W: But the core curriculum doesn’t change that much. Printed textbooks that are not brand new still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.
M: Well, I’m looking forward to the change.
W: I’ll stick with my printed books.
12. What does the woman say about using e-textbooks?（关于使用电子教科书，女士说了什么？）
解析：C。在对话开头女士提到，如果要使用电子教科书，不光要买平板电脑，还要买与之配套的软件和电子基础设施。C项与此相符，其中的buying、tablets和software均原词复现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，换电子教科书还需要对全体教职工进行再次培训，而不是招聘一批新的教职员工，故A项错误。B项在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中只提到了电子阅读器的软件可以立即更新（can be updated instantly），并没有提到要经常更新（constantly upgraded），故D项错误。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It can greatly improve their learning efficiency.
B、It can help them to interact more with teachers.
C、It can save their trouble of carrying printed books.
D、It can develop their skills in using electronic devices.
解析：
听力原文
M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester. I can’t wait.
W: Really? (12) [What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it.] Not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.
M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high, but much lower afterwards. Besides that, tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable. (13) [Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.]
W: Not necessarily. (14) [Tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers.] In fact, research suggests that people who read printed texts comprehend more, remember more and learn 30% more than those who read digital texts.
M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks. Think about it: (13) [Students are able to highlight and edit texts, write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.] And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?
W: Actually, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers. (15) [It does far more damage to the environment.]
M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly, without the need for buying a whole lot of new books. That’s better for the environment.
W: But the core curriculum doesn’t change that much. Printed textbooks that are not brand new still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.
M: Well, I’m looking forward to the change.
W: I’ll stick with my printed books.
13. According to the man, how can the use of tablets benefit students?（根据男士的说法，使用平板电脑对学生有什么好处？）
解析：A。在对话前半部分男士提到，平板电脑帮助学生提高了80%的学习速度，比起纸质教科书，学生们能够更快地标记和编辑文本、做笔记、搜索信息。A项与此相符，其中的greatly improve their learning efficiency对应录音中的learn up to 80% faster，故为正确答案。
错项排除：男士在录音中没有提到使用平板电脑有利于增加师生互动，故排除B项。C项和D项内容在录音中无依据，故均可排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They may have trouble comprehending texts.
B、They may encounter technological problems.
C、They may pay less respect to teachers.
D、They may get distracted more easily.
解析：
听力原文
M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester. I can’t wait.
W: Really? (12) [What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it.] Not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.
M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high, but much lower afterwards. Besides that, tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable. (13) [Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.]
W: Not necessarily. (14) [Tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers.] In fact, research suggests that people who read printed texts comprehend more, remember more and learn 30% more than those who read digital texts.
M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks. Think about it: (13) [Students are able to highlight and edit texts, write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.] And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?
W: Actually, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers. (15) [It does far more damage to the environment.]
M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly, without the need for buying a whole lot of new books. That’s better for the environment.
W: But the core curriculum doesn’t change that much. Printed textbooks that are not brand new still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.
M: Well, I’m looking forward to the change.
W: I’ll stick with my printed books.
14. What does the woman say about students using tablets?（关于学生使用平板电脑，女士说了什么？）
解析：D。在录音中间部分女士提到，平板电脑干扰太多（have too many distractions），学生可能会把注意力放在应用程序、游戏和网站上，而忽略了他们的老师。D项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的comprehend进行干扰，但录音里说的是研究表明，阅读印刷文本比阅读数字文本的人能理解更多的内容，并没有说使用平板电脑会让学生难以理解课文，故错误。B项中的encounter technological problems和C项中的pay less respect在录音中无依据，故均可排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It generates a great deal of electronic garbage.
B、It does a lot of damage to the environment.
C、It emits huge amounts of harmful radiation.
D、It accelerates the exhaustion of rare minerals.
解析：
听力原文
M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester. I can’t wait.
W: Really? (12) [What about the cost? Not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it.] Not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.
M: Sure. The initial expenditure will be high, but much lower afterwards. Besides that, tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable. (13) [Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80% faster.]
W: Not necessarily. (14) [Tablets have too many distractions. Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers.] In fact, research suggests that people who read printed texts comprehend more, remember more and learn 30% more than those who read digital texts.
M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks. Think about it: (13) [Students are able to highlight and edit texts, write notes and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.] And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?
W: Actually, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health. The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book. A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers. (15) [It does far more damage to the environment.]
M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly, without the need for buying a whole lot of new books. That’s better for the environment.
W: But the core curriculum doesn’t change that much. Printed textbooks that are not brand new still contain the basic relevant information of core subjects.
M: Well, I’m looking forward to the change.
W: I’ll stick with my printed books.
15. What does the woman say about making electronic readers?（关于制作电子阅读器，女士说了什么？）
解析：B。录音后半部分女士提到，因为人们从地里提取了大量矿物质来制作电子阅读器，这对环境造成的损害要大得多。B项与此内容相符，其中的does...damage to the environment原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的electronic garbage和C项的harmful radiation在录音中无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的minerals进行干扰，但录音中没有提到稀有矿物枯竭的问题，故排除D项。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Communicate with our coworkers.
B、Encounter people in different places.
C、Judge people based on our first impressions.
D、Engage in a variety of psychological activities.
解析：
听力原文
In social psychology, the term “person perception” refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people. It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions. (16) [Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.] When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.
(17) [Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,] including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences.
One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization. In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics. (18) [Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.]
Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available. One is next to a small elderly woman, the other is next to a muscular, fierce-looking man. You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets. Because of social categorization, you will immediately judge the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.
16. What does the passage say we tend to do every day?（文章提到，我们每天常常会做什么？）
解析：C。录音开头提到了“个体知觉”，这个词不仅涵盖了我们如何形成对他人的印象，还包括我们基于自己的印象对他人所做出的总结性判断。录音随后说到，想想你每天做出这种判断的频率，后面又举出了事例说明。由此可知，人们经常会基于第一印象对他人做出评判，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到了coworker，也提到了遇到他人的场景，但这都是用于举例说明人们会对陌生人产生初步印象，而不是为了说明人们经常与同事沟通或是在不同地方遇见他人，A项和B项利用录音中的细节信息进行干扰，与题意不符，故均可排除。录音中只提到了“个体知觉”相关的心理活动，D项说法过于宽泛，故排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is an objective evaluation of a person’s character.
B、It is a mental process influenced by many factors.
C、It contributes to the formation of personal traits.
D、It varies greatly among different social groups.
解析：
听力原文
In social psychology, the term “person perception” refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people. It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions. (16) [Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.] When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.
(17) [Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,] including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences.
One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization. In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics. (18) [Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.]
Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available. One is next to a small elderly woman, the other is next to a muscular, fierce-looking man. You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets. Because of social categorization, you will immediately judge the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.
17. What do we learn about person perception from this passage?（关于个体知觉，我们从这篇文章中了解到什么？）
解析：B。录音中间部分提到，个体知觉是一个非常主观的过程，它会受到许多变量的影响，结合录音开头提到的，个体知觉是一个心理过程，可知个体知觉是一个受多种因素影响的心理过程，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，个体知觉是一个非常主观的过程，A项中的objective（客观的）与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到，个体知觉会受到很多变量的影响，其中就包括一个人的个人特征，并没有提到个体知觉有助于形成个人特征，C项利用personal traits进行干扰，曲解了录音原意，故排除。录音中只提到人们在形成个体知觉时会对不同人群进行分类，并没有提到不同社会群体的个体知觉存在很大差异，故排除D项。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It can lead to incorrect judgments.
B、It can cause mistrust among people.
C、It can result in instant losses.
D、It can give rise to gender bias.
解析：
听力原文
In social psychology, the term “person perception” refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people. It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions. (16) [Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.] When you meet with a new coworker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.
(17) [Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables,] including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences.
One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization. In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics. (18) [Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.]
Imagine that you are getting on a bus. There are only two seats available. One is next to a small elderly woman, the other is next to a muscular, fierce-looking man. You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets. Because of social categorization, you will immediately judge the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.
18. What is the problem with using social categorization and person perception?（在使用社会分类和个体知觉时，会存在什么问题？）
解析：A。录音后半部分讲到了社会分类，并指出它会带来问题，包括引起误判和偏见（it can lead to errors and prejudice）。A项与此内容相符，其中的incorrect judgments是对录音中errors and prejudice的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中并没有提到mistrust或gender bias是社会分类所造成的问题，故排除B项和D项。C项利用录音结尾丢钱包的例子进行干扰，但导致钱包丢失的原因是社会分类所造成的误判，不能说明社会分类会立刻带来损失，C项过度引申，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Both groups spend a lot of time on mobile devices.
B、Both groups attach importance to social connections.
C、They are equally competent in using new technology.
D、They are similar in terms of social skills.
解析：
听力原文
Despite smartphones and social media, young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation. At least, this is what a new study suggests. For the study, researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998 with those who began school in 2010. The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries. The latter group started school when mobile devices were widespread. (19) [Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills.] These included the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who are different. They were also rated similarly on self-control, such as the ability to regulate their temper. In virtually every comparison made, ratings of social skills either remain constant or improved for the children born later. There was one exception: (20) [social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day.] (21) [Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly the parent-child relationship.] The introduction of telephones, automobiles and radio all led to moral panic among adults of the time, because the technology allow children to enjoy more freedom. Fears over screen-based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change. But overall, the study found little evidence that time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.
19. What does the new study suggest about young people today and those from the previous generation?（对于今天的年轻人和上一代的年轻人，这项新研究表明了什么？）
解析：D。录音中间提到，研究结果显示，两组儿童在重要社交技能方面的评分相近。D项与此内容相符，其中的are similar对应录音中的were rated similarly，social skills原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，上一代在开始上幼儿园时，手机仍是一种奢侈。而当今一代人开始上学时，移动设备已经普及，因此并不是两个群体都花了很多时间在移动设备上，故A项排除。录音中没有提到两个群体对社会关系的重视程度以及使用新技术的能力，故排除B项和C项。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Their social skills were negatively affected.
B、Their school performance was slightly lower.
C、Their emotions were much harder to regulate.
D、Their relations with peers were badly strained.
解析：
听力原文
Despite smartphones and social media, young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation. At least, this is what a new study suggests. For the study, researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998 with those who began school in 2010. The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries. The latter group started school when mobile devices were widespread. (19) [Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills.] These included the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who are different. They were also rated similarly on self-control, such as the ability to regulate their temper. In virtually every comparison made, ratings of social skills either remain constant or improved for the children born later. There was one exception: (20) [social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day.] (21) [Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly the parent-child relationship.] The introduction of telephones, automobiles and radio all led to moral panic among adults of the time, because the technology allow children to enjoy more freedom. Fears over screen-based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change. But overall, the study found little evidence that time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.
20. What did the study find about children who access social networking sites many times a day?（关于那些每天多次登录社交网站的儿童，该研究发现了什么？）
解析：A。录音中提到，那些每天多次打网络游戏或登录社交网站的儿童，其社交能力稍微偏低。由此可知，多次登录社交网站的儿童在社交技能方面受到了负面影响，A项符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的were slightly lower进行干扰，但录音中说的是社交能力稍微偏低，而不是学习成绩，故B项错误。录音中提到，两个群体在自控能力上的评分也很接近，比如调节情绪的能力，故C项错误。录音中没有提到两个人群与同龄人的关系是否紧张，故排除D项。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may pose a threat to their children’s safety.
B、It may affect society’s traditional values.
C、It may hurt their relations with children.
D、It may change their children’s ethical values.
解析：
听力原文
Despite smartphones and social media, young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation. At least, this is what a new study suggests. For the study, researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998 with those who began school in 2010. The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries. The latter group started school when mobile devices were widespread. (19) [Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills.] These included the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who are different. They were also rated similarly on self-control, such as the ability to regulate their temper. In virtually every comparison made, ratings of social skills either remain constant or improved for the children born later. There was one exception: (20) [social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day.] (21) [Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly the parent-child relationship.] The introduction of telephones, automobiles and radio all led to moral panic among adults of the time, because the technology allow children to enjoy more freedom. Fears over screen-based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change. But overall, the study found little evidence that time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.
21. What is adults’ worry about technological change?（成年人对于技术变革有何担忧？）
解析：C。录音中提到，当技术变革开始破坏传统关系，尤其是亲子关系时，成年人感到了担忧。由此可知，技术变革可能会损害亲子关系，C项与此内容相符，其中的hurt对应录音中的undermine，their relations with children是对录音中the parent-child relationship的同义替换，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到技术变革会威胁到孩子们的安全，故排除A项。录音中只提到技术变革可能会破坏传统关系（traditional relationships）、引起成年人的道德恐慌（moral panic），并没有提到技术变革对价值观的影响，故排除B项和D项。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is motivating.
B、It is passive.
C、It is incredible.
D、It is impracticable.
解析：
听力原文
It’s easy to spend all day searching for inspiration. You can find incredible videos, articles and news stories about the success of others. (22) [The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration.] Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don’t actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people’s success isn’t the same as creating your own. Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration—the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes—that we discover who we are and what is important to us. (23) [Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.] Watching someone else’s success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes. However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way, but creating, producing and experimenting is what drives you forward. (24) [Passive inspiration can give you ideas,] but active inspiration will give you power. Too often, we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it. And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. (25) [The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.]
22. What does the speaker say about inspiration from consuming others’ ideas and success stories?（讲话者如何看待从他人的想法和成功故事中所获得的启发？）
解析：B。录音开头提到了一个问题，即吸取他人的成功经验和想法虽然容易，但这属于被动启发（passive inspiration），并在下文中探讨了主动启发和被动启发的区别。B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的motivating和D项的impracticable在录音中无依据，故均可排除。录音中提到了incredible，但这是用来形容“关于他人取得成功的视频、文章和新闻故事”的，C项不符合题意，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It results in short-term excitement.
B、It helps us avoid making mistakes.
C、It breeds long-term passion and enthusiasm.
D、It is bound to help us achieve greater success.
解析：
听力原文
It’s easy to spend all day searching for inspiration. You can find incredible videos, articles and news stories about the success of others. (22) [The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration.] Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don’t actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people’s success isn’t the same as creating your own. Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration—the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes—that we discover who we are and what is important to us. (23) [Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.] Watching someone else’s success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes. However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way, but creating, producing and experimenting is what drives you forward. (24) [Passive inspiration can give you ideas,] but active inspiration will give you power. Too often, we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it. And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. (25) [The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.]
23. What do we learn from the passage about active inspiration?（关于主动启发，我们从文章中能了解到什么？）
解析：C。录音中间提到，主动启发会产生长期的激情和热情。C项与此内容相符，其中的breeds是对录音中results in的同义替换，long-term passion and enthusiasm原词复现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，旁观别人的成功可能就会让你兴奋几分钟而已，且旁观他人的成功属于被动启发，由此可知带来短时间兴奋感的是被动启发，而不是主动启发，故排除A项。录音中提到试错属于主动启发，但没有说主动启发能帮助人们避免犯错，故排除B项。D项在录音中无依据，而且is bound to这种说法过于绝对，故排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Drive us forward.
B、Bring us power.
C、Spur us to action.
D、Give us ideas.
解析：
听力原文
It’s easy to spend all day searching for inspiration. You can find incredible videos, articles and news stories about the success of others. (22) [The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration.] Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don’t actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people’s success isn’t the same as creating your own. Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration—the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes—that we discover who we are and what is important to us. (23) [Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.] Watching someone else’s success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes. However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way, but creating, producing and experimenting is what drives you forward. (24) [Passive inspiration can give you ideas,] but active inspiration will give you power. Too often, we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it. And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. (25) [The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.]
24. What does the passage say passive inspiration can do?（文章说被动启发能做什么？）
解析：D。录音后半部分提到，被动启发可以给予你想法（give you ideas），但主动启发会带给你力量（give you power）。D项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，创造、产出、试验是推动人们前进的动力，而创造、产出、试验都属于主动启发，A项不符合题意，故排除。录音中提到，主动启发会带给人们力量，故排除B项。录音中提到，采取行动更能启发人，而不是被动启发可以激励我们采取行动，故C项错误。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Listening to success stories.
B、Applying ideas to one’s life.
C、Following the advice of experts.
D、Consuming the world around us.
解析：
听力原文
It’s easy to spend all day searching for inspiration. You can find incredible videos, articles and news stories about the success of others. (22) [The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration.] Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you are practicing passive inspiration. You might learn something, but you don’t actually have to do anything. Hearing about other people’s success isn’t the same as creating your own. Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration—the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals and making mistakes—that we discover who we are and what is important to us. (23) [Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.] Watching someone else’s success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes. However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say. Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way, but creating, producing and experimenting is what drives you forward. (24) [Passive inspiration can give you ideas,] but active inspiration will give you power. Too often, we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it. And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you. (25) [The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.]
25. Where does the best inspiration come from according to the passage?（根据文章，最好的启发来自哪里？）
解析：B。录音结尾提到，最好的启发来自于思想的实践（the application of ideas），而不是思想的吸收。B项是对录音中the application of ideas的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：根据录音可知，最好的启发是主动启发，而不是被动启发，A、C、D三项都属于被动启发，故均可排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Public perception of success in the U.S. might be totally misguided.
While 92% of people believe others care most about fame and (26)_____, fewer than 10% factor those qualities into their own success. This is according to the newly (27)_____ study by Harvard Graduate School of Education professor Todd Smith. Smith says he was (28)_____ by how past studies on success “assumed what people will care about”. In this study, his team “went the (29)_____ direction” by spending years carrying out individual interviews and group surveys to see what people really talk about when they talk about success.
As a scientist, Smith (30)_____ studied individuality for a living, and even he was surprised to find younger respondents cared more about having a (31)_____ in life. Those between the ages of 18 and 34 prioritized it the most, and that prioritization dropped off as respondents’ ages went up. Perhaps this is because older people had fewer options when they were starting their careers, at a time when values focused more on stable incomes than (32)_____ personal missions.
Other trends included an emphasis on the importance of parenting. Being a parent (33)_____ very high across the priorities of all study participants. Ultimately, Smith hopes institutions will take note of these insights (34)_____.
Higher education institutions tend to focus on preparing students for high-paying jobs. For such institutions, from universities to workplaces, to better (35)_____ people in the U.S., they’ll need to understand “what the American public highly prioritizes,” Smith says.
26、(1)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：
名词
fortune 运气；巨款
opposite 对立面；对立的人
profession 行业；职业
purpose 目标；意图
wrong 不义行为；罪恶
动词
accommodate 容纳；提供空间
acquiring (-ing) 获得；得到
bothered (-ed) 费心；使担忧
fulfilling (-ing) 实现；使感到满足
identify 确认；找到；说明身份
ranked (-ed) 分等级；属于某等级
released (-ed) 释放；放开；免除
wrong 不公正对待
形容词
bothered 烦恼的
fulfilling 令人满足的
opposite 对面的；相反的
wrong 错误的
副词
accordingly 相应地
literally 字面上；确实地
opposite 在对面
similarly 相似地
wrong 错误地
介词
opposite 与……相对；在……对面
26. fortune
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前面是并列连词and，后面是逗号，可知空格处应填入名词，与前面的fame并列。空格所在句意为：虽然92%的人都认为人们最在乎的是名声与____，但只有不到10%的人认为这两样东西是他们取得成功的原因。备选项中的fortune（财富）填入空格符合语境，fame and fortune表示“名与利”，符合题意，故应填入fortune。
27. released
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格位于newly和study之间，可推知空格处应填入形容词或分词，与newly共同修饰study。再结合后面的by可知空格处应填入动词的过去分词。备选项中只有released填入空格符合题意，newly released study表示“最新发布的研究”，符合语义逻辑，故应填入released。
28. bothered
解析：动词辨析题。空格位于was和by之间，空格所在句谓语成分不完整，可推知空格处应填入动词的过去分词。空格所在句意为：史密斯说，他被过去关于成功的研究会“预设人们关心什么”这一做法所____。结合文章第一句提到的“美国公众对成功的看法可能完全被误导了”这句话可知，史密斯对于以往的研究持否定态度，备选项中只有bothered填入空格符合句义，表示史密斯对以往研究的做法感到担忧，逻辑通顺，故应填入bothered。
29. opposite
解析：形容词辨析题。空格位于定冠词the和名词direction之间，由此可知空格处应填入形容词或者有形容词性质的分词。空格所在句意为：在这项研究中，他的团队“走了____方向”，花费数年时间进行个人访谈和群体调查，以了解人们在谈论成功时真正谈论的是什么。结合前一句提到的，史密斯对过去关于成功的研究会“预设人们关心什么”这一做法感到担忧，可知史密斯团队的研究实践不同于以前，备选项中只有opposite（相反的）填入后符合逻辑，表示“反其道而行之”，故为正确答案。
30. literally
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在分句主干结构完整，空格位于主语Smith和动词studied之间，可推知空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为：作为一名科学家，史密斯____以研究个体性为生，连他也惊讶地发现，这些年轻的受访者更在意的是拥有一个人生……。备选项中只有literally（确实）填入空格符合逻辑，故为正确答案。
31. purpose
解析：名词辨析题。空格处前面是不定冠词a，后面是in life，可知空格处应填入可数名词单数。空格所在句意为：连他也惊讶地发现，这些年轻的受访者更在意的是拥有一个人生____。后面两句进一步解释说明，即年龄大一些的人不那么在意这件事，是因为比起个人目标（personal missions），他们更看重稳定的收入。由此可知，年轻人在意的是是否拥有个人目标。备选项中的purpose有“目标”之意，填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。
32. fulfilling
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句使用了比较结构“more...than...”，空格位于介词than之后，____ personal missions与前面的stable incomes分别对应着年轻人和年长者看重的方面，二者形成对比，由此可推知空格处应填入形容词、名词或分词。备选项中能与personal missions搭配的只有fulfilling，表示“实现个人目标”，符合语义逻辑，故应填入fulfilling。
33. ranked
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句缺少谓语，故空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为：在所有研究参与者的优先事项中，为人父母____很高。备选项中只有ranked填入空格符合句意，表示“排名很高”，故为正确答案。
34. accordingly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干结构完整，可知空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为：在最后，史密斯希望各机构都能____注意到这些见解。副词备选项中的accordingly（相应地）填入空格符合逻辑，体现出了研究结果对于各机构的参考意义，故为正确答案。similarly具有一定干扰性，但研究中涵盖了很多见解，各机构很难“以相似的方式”加以注意，similarly填入空格后语义不通，故排除。
35. accommodate
解析：动词辨析题。空格位于to better和people in the U.S.之间，可推知空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句意为：史密斯说，对于这些机构而言，无论是大学还是职场，要想更好地____美国人，他们都需要了解“什么才是美国公众高度重视的”。accommodate有“容纳；提供空间”之意，填入空格符合语义逻辑，故为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、accordingly
B、opposite
C、ranked
D、profession
E、bothered
F、fulfilling
G、released
H、accommodate
I、similarly
J、acquiring
K、wrong
L、purpose
M、identify
N、fortune
O、literally
解析：见上一题！
How a rabbit study and an ex-student boost my hopes for a future of “love and dignity”
36、36. Kelli Harding also distinguishes herself by her literary talent.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：36. 凯莉·哈丁的文学天赋也很出众。
解析：E。根据题干中的distinguishes herself by her literary talent可定位至原文E段第一句。该句提到，凯莉的过人之处在于她还是一位有天赋的作家。题干中的distinguishes herself是对该句中stands out的同义替换，literary talent对应该句中的a gifted writer，题干是对原文E段第一句的同义转述，故正确答案为E。
37. 凯莉·哈丁认为美国的医疗模式不足以满足最需要帮助的患者。
解析：K。根据题干中的medical model和sufficient可定位至原文K段第四句。该句提到，对他们来说，用现有的医疗模式来治疗是不够的。这里的“他们”指的是前一句中提到的“病情最严重的人”，与题干中“最需要帮助的患者（patients who need help most）”相对应，而题干中出现了定位句中的原词medical model，其中的sufficient是对定位句中enough的同义替换，题干是对原文K段第三、四句部分内容的同义转述，故正确答案为K。
38. 凯莉·哈丁与那些寻求快速、简单解决美国医疗问题的人不同。
解析：I。根据题干中的differs from和quick and simple solutions可定位至原文I段第一句后半句。该处提到，公众也在寻求快速解决问题的方法，希望越简单越好，而凯莉·哈丁却有不同的想法。题干中的differs from是对定位句中stands apart from的同义替换，seeking quick and simple solutions对应定位句中的calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better，题干是对I段第一句后半句的同义转述，故正确答案为I。
39. 凯莉·哈丁参加过作者开设的一门暑期课程。
解析：B。根据题干中的a participant in a summer course可定位至原文B段第一句。该句提到，凯莉·哈丁是作者21年前在华盛顿教授“和平研究”暑期课程时的学生。题干是对这一内容的同义转述，其中summer course原词复现，故正确答案为B。
40. 根据凯莉·哈丁的说法，科学进步并没有使美国人变得更健康，也没有使其寿命变得更长。
解析：F。根据题干中的scientific advances、healthier和prolonged their life可定位至原文F段第二句。该句说凯莉在书中写道：“尽管美国的科学在进步，但美国人的身体却很不健康。2016年，美国的预期寿命位居世界第43位……”题干是对此内容的同义转述，其中的scientific advances是对定位句中scientific progress的同义替换，have not made Americans healthier对应定位句中的Americans are remarkably unhealthy，nor prolonged their life对应句中的ranked forty-third...for life expectancy，故正确答案为F。
41. 凯莉·哈丁对她目前生活的描述给了作者很深的触动。
解析：D。根据题干中的deeply moved和wrote about her current life可定位至原文D段第一句前半句。该处提到，凯莉的来信文采斐然，讲述了她最近的个人生活和职业生活，让作者很受触动。题干中的deeply moved对应定位句中的touched my heart，wrote about her current life对应定位句中的a literate update on both her personal and professional life，题干是对原文D段第一句部分内容的同义转述，故正确答案为D。
42. 乔治·恩格尔在治疗他的患者时，不仅关注他们的症状，还关注他们获得的情感支持等。
解析：L。根据题干中的George Engel、looks into their symptoms和emotional support可定位至原文L段第二句。该句提到，凯莉非常赞赏乔治·恩格尔教授的做法，并说他一直以来不仅关注病人的身体状况，还会注意到他们生活的小细节，比如病房里是否挂着家人合照，是否有人送花。题干中的looks into their symptoms是对定位句中noticed...a patient’s physical condition的同义替换，emotional support是对定位句中合照、送花等细节的概括总结，题干是对L段第二句部分内容的同义转述，故正确答案为L。
43. 根据凯莉·哈丁的说法，与饮食或遗传相比，兔子的健康状况更多地受到人类对它们的关爱的影响。
解析：H。根据题干中的rabbits’ health、humans’ kindness和diet or genetics可定位至原文H段最后两句。该处提到，凯莉在书中写道：有的兔子患病而有的兔子仍然健康，真正的影响因素不是饮食或基因，而是关爱。题干是对这两句话的同义转述，其中kindness和diet or genetics为原词复现，故正确答案为H。
44. 凯莉·哈丁在华盛顿的经历改变了她的人生。
解析：C。根据题干中的Washington和changed her life可定位至原文C段第三句前半句。该处提到，凯莉后来称这段在华盛顿的经历“彻底改变了她”。题干是对此内容的同义转述，其中的changed her life是对定位句中transformative一词的同义替换，故正确答案为C。
45. 在努力提供最好的医疗服务时，人们没有考虑到社会对健康的影响。
解析：J。根据题干中的A social aspect to health、has not been taken into account和the best medical care可定位至原文J段第四句。该句提到，我们在努力寻找最顶尖、最前沿的医疗保健时，完全忽视了健康的社会层面。题干是对此内容的同义转述，其中的A social aspect to health是对定位句中a social dimension to health的同义替换，has not been taken into account是对句中we’ve completely overlooked的同义替换，the best medical care原词复现，故正确答案为J。
37、37. Kelli Harding doesn’t think America’s medical model is sufficient for patients who need help most.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
38、38. Kelli Harding differs from those seeking quick and simple solutions to America’s medical problems.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
39、39. Kelli Harding was a participant in a summer course the author taught.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
40、40. According to Kelli Harding, scientific advances have not made Americans healthier, nor prolonged their life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
41、41. The author was deeply moved by what Kelli Harding wrote about her current life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
42、42. George Engel, in treating his patients, not only looks into their symptoms but also into things like the emotional support they receive.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
43、43. According to Kelli Harding, rabbits’ health had more to do with humans’ kindness to them than their diet or genetics.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
44、44. What Kelli Harding went through in Washington changed her life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
45、45. A social aspect to health has not been taken into account in trying to provide the best medical care.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：见上一题！
Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.
In today’s classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today’s students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions as unethical.
The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.
Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.
46、46. What do we learn from the study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics?
A、Over half of the students interviewed were unaware they were cheating.
B、Cheating was becoming a way of life for a majority of high school teens.
C、More than half of the interviewees felt no sense of guilt over cheating.
D、Cheating was getting more and more difficult for high school students.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的Josephson Institute of Ethics可定位至原文第一段第四句。该句提到了约瑟夫森伦理研究所的研究，接下来第五句便指出，在接受调查的青少年中，有51%的人表示，他们曾在考试中故意作弊，但他们并不会因为这种行为而感到不安。C项与此内容相符，其中的More than half of the interviewees是对原文第一段第五句中51 percent的同义转述，felt no sense of guilt对应该句中的did not feel uneasy，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项中的unaware与原文第一段第五句中的had knowingly cheated（故意作弊）相悖，故排除。B项表述在原文中无依据，故排除。原文中没有提到高中生作弊越来越难，故排除D项。
47、47. What did the Common Sense Media survey reveal?
A、Most parents tended to overprotect their children.
B、Many students committed cheating unknowingly.
C、Students were in urgent need of ethical education.
D、Parents and kids had conflicting ideas over cheating.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的Common Sense Media可定位至原文第一段倒数第二句。该句提到了常识媒体所做的一项调查，并在下一句中指出，在许多情况下，学生根本没有意识到，在智能手机上查答案这样的做法实际上是在作弊。由此可知，很多学生并没有意识到自己是在作弊，B项与此内容相符，其中的Many students对应原文第一段最后一句中的In many cases，unknowingly是对该句中did not realize的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文中提到有些接受采访的家长不相信他们的孩子曾作过弊，这里只是调查了这些家长的想法，没有体现出过度保护的含义，A项过度引申，故排除。C项和D项在原文中都未提及，故均可排除。
48、48. Why do students rarely get caught cheating nowadays?
A、They copy formulas on their palms.
B、They help each other to cover up their acts.
C、They keep changing their ways of cheating.
D、They make use of modern technology.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的rarely get caught可定位至原文第二段第一句。该句提到了一个现象，即如今作弊的学生很少会被抓住，并在之后解释了原因：没人会在手心里写公式，没有学生会隔着过道偷看，或是小声告诉答案。如今的学生们会使用智能手机、平板电脑，甚至是教室里的电脑来辅助他们作弊，而且不会留下任何作弊的痕迹。由此可知，由于学生使用了技术，不容易留下作弊痕迹，所以很少会被抓住。D项是对原文第二段第三句的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中说的是如今学生们不会在手心里写公式，A项与此相悖，故排除。B项和C项在原文中无依据，故均可排除。
49、49. What does the author think schools should do to tackle cheating?
A、Bring policies against cheating up to date.
B、Reform their exam methods constantly.
C、Take advantage of the latest technologies.
D、Alert parents to their children’s behaviour.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的schools和tackle cheating可定位至原文最后两段。倒数第二段提到，学区无法及时补充相关的作弊政策，甚至来不及开展宣传活动；作者在最后一段开头指出，学校必须制定包括技术在内的反作弊政策（anti-cheating policies），并且必须不断更新（updated consistently）这些政策。A项是对原文最后一段第一句的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项的Reform their exam methods和C项的the latest technologies在原文中无依据，故均可排除。D项利用原文最后一句中的alert them to unethical behaviours进行干扰，但原文这里说的是家长需要做的事情，D项混淆了行为的主体，故错误。
50、50. What does the author suggest teachers do in the classroom?
A、Prevent students from overusing electronic devices.
B、Develop more effective anti-cheating strategies.
C、Find more ways to curb students’ unethical acts.
D、Guard against students’ misuse of technology.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的teachers和in the classroom可定位至原文最后一段第二句。该句提到，教师必须保持警惕，关注学生们上课时都在做些什么，以及技术何以在学习过程中起到了负面作用。由此可知，教师需要警惕学生是否会因为使用技术而影响了学习，指的就是D项中的misuse（误用），D项是对此内容的概括总结，其中的Guard against对应定位句中的stay on guard，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项干扰性较强，而原文中说的是教师应警惕学生不要因为使用技术而影响学习，因此需要警惕的是使用方式不当，而不是过度使用，故排除A项。B项利用原文中的develop anti-cheating policies进行干扰，但这是针对学校做出的建议，故排除。C项利用原文中的unethical behaviours进行干扰，但原文这里说的是家长需要注意的内容，故排除C项。
Remote work is about more than just working from home—it means working differently. Organizations should reconsider the appropriateness of their performance evaluation procedures in light of the shift to remote work. This requires a fundamental rethinking of what organizations expect from employees and what companies would look for in a model employee in a remote work context.
It is likely that the “first to arrive and last to leave” mentality is no longer relevant, but should be replaced by a regard for the quality of an employee’s contribution to the organization. This means that work should be measured in terms of the quality of the work, not just the quality of the process. As remote work is largely unobservable to supervisors, employers need to think about how they can objectively measure the quality of work in a way that is consistent for employees of similar rank.
Focusing on output alone can have unintended consequences. Employers should think instead about the values and soft skills they want to emphasize in a remote work environment. Qualities like flexibility and the ability to work under minimal supervision might become critical.
Much has been written about the importance of timely feedback. In the context of a global pandemic (大流行病), firms may want to provide additional support to employees by providing more frequent communication. This allows managers to both keep an eye on struggling employees and provide ongoing feedback on how employees are adapting to their new work environment.
Compensation also needs to be revisited. The purpose of performance evaluation is ultimately to determine how to reward employees for their work. This means that pay structures need to adapt to the reality of working from home. However, organizations also need to be honest with employees about the financial impact of COVID-19.
For organizations that have struggled to keep the lights on due to the pandemic, this might mean thinking of non-financial ways to reward employees, like unpaid time off or flexible work schedules. Employers can also consider how to bundle different types of compensation to help employees cope with their unique situations.
51、51. What does the author say companies should do in the context of remote work?
A、Reform performance evaluation.
B、Rethink the organizational fundamentals.
C、Reexamine its effects on employees’ behaviors.
D、Reflect on its differences from working in the office.
解析：
解析：A。根据companies、in the context of remote work以及题文同序原则可定位至原文第一段。题干中的companies对应该段第二句开头的Organizations。该句提到，鉴于远程办公这一转变，用人单位应该重新考虑他们的绩效评估流程是否恰当。A项与此相符，其中的performance evaluation原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用原文中的fundamental rethinking和organizations进行干扰，但这里说的是用人单位要从根本上重新思考他们对员工有何期望，而不是重新思考组织架构的基础，B项曲解原文意思，故错误。原文中没有提到远程办公对员工行为的影响，故排除C项。原文中虽然提到远程办公与在家办公有所不同，但这属于事实描述，并没有明确提到公司应该反思这种区别，故排除D项。
52、52. What should be prioritized in assessing employees’ remote work?
A、The quantity of their output.
B、The length of their work time.
C、The quality of their contribution.
D、The flexibility of their work schedules.
解析：
解析：C。题干中问到公司绩效评估时应优先考虑什么，原文第二段开头明确提到了评估标准的具体转变，即看重谁“第一个来，最后一个走”的思路似乎不再合适，取而代之的应该是关注员工对公司所做贡献的质量（the quality of an employee’s contribution to the organization）。C项是对这一内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文提到，之前看重谁“第一个来，最后一个走”的思路似乎不再合适，应该关注工作成果的质量，而只关注产出可能会带来意想不到的后果，由此可知原文并不赞成根据工作时长或产量来评估，故A项和B项均可排除。原文中虽然提到在远程办公时灵活变通非常关键，但work schedules在文中无依据，故排除D项。
53、53. What quality in the employees would be of great importance in a remote work context?
A、The ability to produce quality work.
B、The ability to maximize work efficiency.
C、The ability to finish tasks in a timely manner.
D、The ability to work with the least supervision.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的What quality和of great importance可定位至原文第三段最后一句。该句提到，能够灵活变通，在最少的监督下也能工作（the ability to work under minimal supervision），这些素质可能会变得非常关键（critical）。D项对应原文提到的重要素质之一，故为正确答案。
错项排除：关于远程办公环境下重要的员工素质，原文只明确提到了两个，即灵活变通和在最少的监督下也能工作的能力，A项不属于其中之一，故排除。B项和C项在原文中未提及，故均可排除。
54、54. Why is it important for firms to provide timely feedback during the pandemic?
A、To evaluate their employees of similar rank in a consistent way.
B、To keep a watchful eye on those employees who perform poorly.
C、To help employees in need adapt to the new work environment.
D、To maintain connections with their employees away from office.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的provide timely feedback和during the pandemic可定位至原文第四段开头。该段强调了及时给予反馈的重要性，即公司希望在疫情期间通过频繁沟通来给员工支持，这样做能让管理者留意那些有困难的员工，并就员工对新工作环境的适应情况作出持续的反馈。由此可知，公司及时提供反馈可以帮助有困难的员工适应新的工作环境，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文第二段结尾提到的“雇主们需要考虑如何客观地衡量工作质量，且对级别差不多的员工保持标准一致”进行干扰，但这与公司及时提供反馈无关，故排除。B项利用原文中的keep an eye on struggling employees进行干扰，但这里的struggling employees指的是有困难的员工，而不是表现差的员工，故排除B项。原文中虽然提到了与员工频繁沟通，但其意义不在于保持联系，而是给员工提供支持，故排除D项。
55、55. What is the author’s suggestion to employers who experience the financial impact of the pandemic?
A、Urging their employees to adapt to the new situation.
B、Rewarding their employees in unconventional ways.
C、Identifying employees who make little contribution.
D、Allowing their employees to look for part-time jobs.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的employers who experience the financial impact可定位至原文最后一段。作者在该段给出的建议是，受到疫情影响的用人单位要考虑采用非经济手段来给予员工报酬，或者考虑如何将不同的薪酬模式打包在一起，以帮助员工应对当下的特殊情况。B项与此内容相符，是对non-financial ways to reward employees的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中只提到了及时给予反馈有助于公司帮助员工适应新的工作环境，未提到敦促员工适应新形势，故A项排除。C项和D项内容在原文中都未提及，故均可排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 戏曲属于中国的传统艺术，它可以追溯到唐朝。中国戏曲吸引观众的特点之一是其独特的面部绘画。不同的脸谱象征着不同的人物和他们的命运。观众可以通过观察那些面部绘画来更好地理解人物的故事。
欣赏中国戏曲对中国人来说是一种乐趣，尤其是老年人。为了吸引年轻观众，传统戏曲不断发展和创新。如今，越来越多的外国人也对中国戏曲感兴趣。
参考答案：
参考译文
As a kind of traditional Chinese art, Chinese opera can date back to the Tang Dynasty. One of the features of Chinese opera that attract the audience is its unique facial paintings. Different facial makeups symbolize different characters and their fates. The audience can get a better understanding of the characters’ stories through observing their facial paintings.
It is a pleasure for Chinese people to appreciate Chinese opera, especially the elderly. In order to draw the attention of young audiences, traditional Chinese opera keeps developing and innovating. At present, a growing number of foreigners also get interested in Chinese opera.
解析：
词汇难点
戏曲 Chinese opera
追溯到 date back to
观众 audience
面部绘画 facial painting
脸谱 facial makeup
象征 symbolize
人物 character; role
命运 fate
观察 observe
欣赏 appreciate
乐趣 pleasure
创新 innovate
表达难点
第一句：本句包含两个分句，可直接译为and连接的并列句，也可将两个分句合译为一句，将第一个分句处理为介词短语As a kind of traditional Chinese art，第二个分句作为句子主干。句中的“戏曲”应译为Chinese opera，来与西方的歌剧区分开。
第二句：本句的主干是“特点之一是面部绘画”。“中国戏曲”和“吸引观众的”都是修饰“特点”的定语，因此可将“吸引观众的”作为定语从句，将“中国戏曲”处理为of结构，作后置定语修饰features。“……之一”应译为“one of+名词复数”结构。
第三句：本句较简单，直译即可。注意句中的“人物”指的是“人物角色”，应译为characters或roles。
第四句：本句较简单，直译即可。“通过观察……”可译为方式状语through/by observing...。
第五句：本句的主语是“欣赏中国戏曲”，可处理为非谓语动词形式Appreciating Chinese opera，或用形式主语It来指代，翻译为It is...to appreciate Chinese opera。
第六句：“为了……”可译为目的状语，用In order to或To来表示。“不断”可省译，用keep doing来表示动作的持续性。
第七句：本句较简单，直译即可。“如今”可译为Nowadays或At present，“越来越多的”可译为a growing number of或more and more。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: Suppose your university is selecting some students to teach kids in remote rural areas during the coming vacation. You are now to write an application letter to the university to explain why you want to take part and what you can do for the kids. You will have 30 minutes to write the letter. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Ming, a senior student of our school. Having read the notice about the rural volunteer teaching program on our university’s official website, I am writing to apply for participating in the program during the approaching vacation.
The reasons for my application are as follows. Firstly, this program is of far-reaching social significance because it helps rural students expand their knowledge. Meanwhile, it is a valuable opportunity for me to accumulate teaching experience, learn how to get along well with the students, and raise my awareness of responsibility.
As an English major, I will try to get the children in rural district more interested in English by telling stories, singing songs and playing games in class. In addition, I plan to organize some meaningful extracurricular activities to enrich their school life.
I will highly appreciate it if you give me this precious chance. Thank you for your time and consideration. I am looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
参考译文
尊敬的先生或女士：
我是李明，我们学校的一名大四学生。在看了我校官方网站上关于农村志愿者教学活动的通知后，我想申请在即将到来的假期参加该活动。
我申请的理由如下。首先，这个项目具有深远的社会意义，因为它能帮助农村学生拓展知识。同时，这也是我积累教学经验、学习如何与学生相处以及提高责任意识的宝贵机会。
作为一名英语专业的学生，我将通过在课堂上讲故事、唱歌、玩游戏等方式让农村地区的孩子们对英语更感兴趣。此外，我计划组织一些有意义的课外活动来丰富他们的学校生活。
如果您能给我这个宝贵的机会，我将不胜感激。感谢您抽时间考虑我的申请。我期待着您的答复。
谨上，
李明
解析：
写作指南
本次写作要求考生给学校写一封申请信，志愿在下个学期去偏远乡村支教，需要在信中写明参与支教的原因和能为孩子们做些什么。正如题目中所要求的，写作时应重点围绕申请原因和能为孩子们做的事这两个方面展开。
文章大纲
第一段：自我介绍，表明写信目的。
第二段：从两个方面解释申请支教的原因，包括支教项目很有价值、自己可以从支教项目中受益。
第三段：从两个方面说明自己能为孩子们做什么，包括课堂教学和课外活动。
第四段：礼貌结尾，期盼回复。
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