一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It studied the effects of exercise on sleep.
B、Its participants came from various walks of life.
C、Its findings confirmed those of previous studies.
D、It ran for as long as some thirty years.
解析：
听力原文
A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful. In the study, researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men. Participants worked in the health profession. (1) [They were followed for approximately three decades.] They completed surveys about their diet every four years. They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years. The more beverages containing added sugar that people drink, the greater their risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain added sugar, were not part of the study. The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people’s health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included consuming too much meat. The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar. (2) [They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.] The study found only an association. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.
1. What do we learn about the new study from the news report?
解析：D。根据录音可知，对受试者的追踪研究持续了大约30年。D项中的some thirty years是对录音中approximately three decades的同义替换，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到，受试者会回答有关睡眠（sleep）、锻炼（exercise）和健康状况的问题，并不是说锻炼对睡眠的影响，故A项排除。录音中提到，受试者是从事卫生保健工作（health profession）的人员，B项的various walks of life与此相悖，故排除。C项的previous studies在录音中无依据，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Eating more vegetables instead of meats.
B、Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar.
C、Consuming more energy drinks and sports drinks.
D、Forming the habit of exercising regularly.
解析：
听力原文
A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful. In the study, researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men. Participants worked in the health profession. (1) [They were followed for approximately three decades.] They completed surveys about their diet every four years. They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years. The more beverages containing added sugar that people drink, the greater their risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain added sugar, were not part of the study. The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people’s health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included consuming too much meat. The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar. (2) [They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.] The study found only an association. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.
2. What is the scientists’ recommendation?
解析：B。录音中提到，我们应该用其他饮品来代替含添加糖的饮料，水就是最好的选择，接着又提到，研究人员承认这只是他们的建议（recommendation）。B项是对此内容的同义转述，instead of对应录音中的replace，water原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中提到蔬菜摄入量不足（not eating enough vegetables）和肉类摄入过多（consuming too much meat），但这是研究人员考虑的其他可能影响健康的因素，研究人员并未对此提出建议，故A项排除。C项利用录音中的consuming和energy drinks and sports drinks进行拼凑，但能量饮料和运动饮料都属于含添加糖的饮料，C项与录音意思相反，故排除。D项利用录音中的exercise进行干扰，但Forming the habit of在录音中无依据，故排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He asked them about his lost paintings.
B、He knew the owner of two missing paintings.
C、He left his paintings at a highway rest stop.
D、He found two 17th-century oil paintings.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings. Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month.] He later handed them in to the Cologne Police. (4) [An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,] police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti, dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten, date unknown. Their combined worth is estimated to be around one million euros. Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found. Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local government.
3. What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?
解析：D。录音开头提到，德国警方周五呼吁人们提供两幅17世纪油画的失主信息，接着说到这两幅画是一名64岁的男子在高速公路服务站的垃圾堆里发现的。D项中的found和two 17th-century oil paintings原词复现，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到一名64岁的男子在高速公路服务站发现了两幅油画，并没有说他自己丢了画，故A项排除。录音开头就提到警方呼吁人们提供画作主人的信息，由此可知，现在还不知道画作主人是谁，B项的knew the owner与此相悖，故排除。C项利用paintings和at a highway rest stop进行干扰，但是男子是发现了（found）这些画，并不是丢弃（left），故C项错误。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They are imitations.
B、They are originals.
C、They were stolen by an Italian boy.
D、They came from the same artist.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings. Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month.] He later handed them in to the Cologne Police. (4) [An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,] police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti, dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten, date unknown. Their combined worth is estimated to be around one million euros. Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found. Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local government.
4. What is the art expert’s conclusion about the two framed paintings?
解析：B。录音中提到，经过艺术专家的初步评估，这两幅裱框画是原作。B项的originals原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中提到，两幅裱框画是原作，A项的imitations与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到，一幅是意大利画家（Italian artist）彼得罗·贝洛蒂于1665年创作的一幅风景画；另一幅是17世纪荷兰画家（Dutch artist）塞缪尔·范·霍赫斯特拉滕的一幅男孩肖像画（a painting of a boy），由此可知，并不是意大利男孩偷了画，两幅画也不是出自同一位画家之手，故C、D两项排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Look after her grandfather.
B、Leave the remote cold region.
C、Save her sick grandmother.
D、Flee from the threat of bears.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
5. What did the 4-year-old girl attempt to do?
解析：C。录音开头提到，一个4岁的小女孩穿过积雪覆盖的森林，徒步跋涉8公里为生病的祖母寻求帮助。C项与此内容相符，其中Save对应录音中的seek help for，her sick grandmother原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音中并没有说到照顾祖父，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的remote region和cold进行拼凑，但录音中是说女孩从西伯利亚一个偏远地区穿过（through）的艰难旅程，并不是离开（Leave）这一地区，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的the threat of bears作干扰，但录音中是说女孩勇敢面对（braved），并不是逃离（Flee from）熊的威胁，故D项错误。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、She has to face a criminal charge.
B、She was found lying motionless in the snow.
C、She searched for her daughter in freezing cold.
D、She works in childcare services.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
6. What do we learn from the news report about the girl’s mother?
解析：A。录音中提到，女孩的母亲将面临刑事立案。A项的face a criminal charge是对录音中is facing a criminal case的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：录音中说女孩醒来发现祖母一动不动，并不是说她的母亲，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的freezing和cold进行拼凑，但录音中是说女孩在严寒中穿越偏远区域去寻求帮助，并不是她母亲，故C项错误。D项利用录音中的childcare services进行干扰，但录音中是说女孩的母亲还面临着儿童照管机构的调查，并非是她在儿童照管机构工作，故D项错误。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、She was found in a forest after three days.
B、She lay totally unconscious for three days.
C、She suffered from the effects of severe cold.
D、She was finally rescued by her relatives.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
7. What happened to the little girl according to the news report?
解析：C。录音后面部分提到，女孩遭受了严寒的影响。C项与此内容相符，其中suffered from对应录音中的was suffering from，severe cold是对录音中extreme cold的同义替换，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音最后提到，一个三岁的男孩在一个偏远森林里独自生存了三天，并不是女孩三天后在森林里被发现，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的3 days和motionless进行干扰，但这里说的是一个小男孩在森林里待了三天、小女孩的祖母一动不动，而不是小女孩，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的relatives进行干扰，但录音中是说女孩被单独留在身体不好的亲人身边，并不是被亲戚所救，故D项错误。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She shows a real passion for taking photos.
B、She has just returned from her hometown.
C、She comes from the city of Cape Town.
D、She has a truly amazing appearance.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
8. What does the woman say about her new friend Susan?
解析：C。录音开头部分女士提到她的新朋友苏珊，男士问苏珊的家乡叫什么，女士回答说她来自开普敦，C项的Cape Town原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的photos进行干扰，但录音中是说苏珊社交媒体上的照片非常酷，并没有说她对摄影表现出热情，故A项排除。录音中提到her hometown，但并没有说她刚从家乡回来，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的amazing进行干扰，但录音中说的是她家乡的照片（photos of her hometown）看起来棒极了，并不是她的外表（appearance），故D项排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is as famous as Cape Town.
B、It has a flat surface at the top.
C、It is green and free from pollution.
D、It was named by European settlers.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
9. What does the woman say about Table Mountain?
解析：B。录音中女士提到，之所以被称为桌山，是因为这座山的山顶很平。B项中的flat和at the top原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的Cape Town进行干扰，但as famous as无依据，故A项排除。录音中提到开普敦植被繁茂且多风，但C项的free from pollution无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中European settlers进行干扰，但并没有说桌山是由欧洲殖民者命名的，故D项错误。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She has British ancestors.
B、She is of mixed blood.
C、She grew up in India.
D、She speaks several languages.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
10. What do we learn from the conversation about the woman’s friend Susan?
解析：A。录音中间女士说到，她的朋友苏珊说她的祖先来自英国。A项的British ancestors是对录音中her ancestors were from Britain的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的mixed进行干扰，但录音中是说南非有很多不同种族的人，并不是说苏珊是混血，故B项排除。录音中说南非有黑人、白人和印度人（Indian people），并没有说苏珊在印度（India）长大，故C项排除。录音中女士提到，南非有许多种语言，但苏珊只说英语，D项与此相悖，故排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is an extremely violent sport.
B、It is becoming a national sport.
C、It is originated in New Zealand.
D、It is more popular than football.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
11. What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?
解析：D。录音中女士提到，足球在南非不像橄榄球那么受欢迎。D项符合题意，其中的more popular than football是对录音中they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby的同义转述，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项的violent和B项的national sport在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。录音中提到在英国和其他前英国殖民地，如澳大利亚和新西兰（New Zealand），橄榄球也很受欢迎，并不是说橄榄球起源于新西兰，故C项排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Prepare a study guide.
B、Consult his advisors.
C、Go over his notes regularly.
D、Take stress-relief sessions.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
12. What does the woman advise the man do?
解析：A。在录音开头，男士说自己这学期的课业量让他很头疼，问女士有何建议，女士推荐他做一个学习大纲（a study guide），故A项正确。
错项排除：B项在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的notes设置干扰，但其中的Go over和regularly未提及，故排除。D项利用录音中的relieve a lot of study pressure设置干扰，但这里说的是女士认为制作学习大纲可以帮助减轻学习压力，而不是建议男士参加减压培训，故D项排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、His worksheets are terribly messy.
B、He finds the workload too heavy.
C、His study folder is badly disorganized.
D、He has difficulty taking notes quickly.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
13. What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?
解析：C。在录音中间部分男士提到，他主要的问题在于学习文件夹里（study folder）满满都是笔记和习题卷，一点条理也没有（badly disorganized）。C项与此相符，基本复现了录音中的原词，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的worksheets和badly disorganized设置干扰，但录音中说的是男士的学习文件夹毫无条理，而不是习题卷毫无条理，故A项错误。虽然男士在录音开头提到自己的课业量让他很头疼，没有提到课业量过于繁重，而且这不是他在学习上最大的问题，故B项排除。D项利用notes设置干扰，但录音中没有提到快速做笔记这件事，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A visual learner.
B、An emotional learner.
C、An organized learner.
D、A logical learner.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
14. What kind of learner does the woman say she is?
解析：B。在录音中间部分，女士在区分几类学习者时，说到自己属于情感型学习者（I’m an emotional learner），故B项正确。
错项排除：根据录音信息，男士属于视觉型学习者，但题目中问到的是女士，故A项错误。C项利用录音中的organize设置干扰，但organized learner在录音中无依据，故排除。D项虽然是学习者类型中的一种，但不是女士所属的类型，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Arrange them using color and pictures.
B、Restructure them in a logical way.
C、Commit them to memory after class.
D、Organize them into a well-connected story.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
15. What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?
解析：A。在录音后半部分，女士建议男士在整理笔记时使用不同颜色标记各个部分，也可以使用思维导图，随后男士进行了总结，即使用颜色和图片而不是文字来整理笔记（arrange my notes using color and pictures），A项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项属于逻辑型学习者的做法，不适合男士这类视觉型学习者，而且这不是女士的建议，故排除。录音中女士提到自己作为一个情感型学习者，会把笔记整理成一个故事，以方便背诵，C项和D项利用这部分信息进行干扰，但都不是女士对男士的建议，故排除这两项。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is mainly based on a society’s religion.
B、It is interpreted differently in different times.
C、It is a code of conduct based on laws and ethics.
D、It is a moral principle to guide people’s behavior.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
16. What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?
解析：D。录音开头提到，黄金法则是一条道德原则（a moral principle），它规定，你希望他人如何对待你，你就应该如何对待他人。随后在录音中间部分提到，人们以黄金法则为处事原则（a guide of how to behave），就可以更好地对待他人。在录音后面部分再次提到，可以将黄金法则视为指导个体和群体行为（guide our behavior）的原则之一。D项与此相符，其中的moral principle原词复现，guide people’s behavior对应录音中的a guide of how to behave和guide our behavior，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的based on和the religion in their society设置干扰，但这里说的是基于社会中诸如宗教等因素，不同的人会接触到不同形式的黄金法则，而不是说黄金法则是以宗教为基础的，故A项排除。录音中提到不同的人会接触到不同的黄金法则，并不是不同的时代有不同的解释，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的laws and ethical principles设置干扰，但录音中说的是黄金法则有时会与法律和道德原则相冲突，而不是前者以后者为基础，故C项错误。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may lead to misunderstanding despite good intentions.
B、It assumes that human beings are all good-natured.
C、It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.
D、It fails to consider the complexity of human relationships.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
17. What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?
解析：C。录音中间部分提到，针对黄金法则有一条值得注意的批评：当它与法律和道德原则相冲突时，遵循这一法则可能会导致不良后果（lead to undesirable outcomes）。C项与此相符，其中的produce是对lead to的同义替换，undesirable outcomes原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和B项在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到了多个原则，如moral principle、ethical principles和several principles，容易让人产生复杂之感，但没有提到人际关系（human relationships）的复杂性，故排除D项。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The golden rule is often in conflict with certain laws and ethical principles.
B、The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.
C、Failure to follow the golden rule may lead to violation of laws and ethics.
D、Observing the golden rule is the first step to becoming a responsible citizen.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
18. What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?
解析：B。作者在录音中间部分举出有人违法的例子，指出黄金法则在与法律和道德相冲突时出现的问题，在录音后半部分进行了总结，即大多数个体和群体选择了将法律和道德原则置于黄金法则之上。这意味着，只要不与更重要的概念相冲突，人们还是会尽可能地遵循黄金法则。也就是说，在有人违法这个例子中，想要传达的信息是黄金法则需要让位给法律和道德原则，因为后者更加重要。B项与此内容相符，其中的more important principles对应录音中的laws and ethical principles，give way to对应place above，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项在录音中有所提及，但并不是例子想要论证的主题，故排除。有人违法一例的重点在于违反法律，而不是没有遵守黄金法则，故C项排除。D项中的first step和responsible citizen在录音中未提及，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Many of them find it rather difficult to manage.
B、They have not seen as much diversity as desired.
C、Many of them have an increasingly diversified staff.
D、They have not quite grasped the concept of diversity.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
19. What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?
解析：B。录音开头提到关于大公司多元化的统计数据，指出在美国一般担任管理者的仍然是白人男性。显然，多元化的愿望尚未变成企业里的现实。B项与此内容相符，其中的have not seen as much diversity as desired对应录音中的the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的difficult进行干扰，但录音中是说很难与一些观点、语言或工作风格不同的人共事，并不是说多元化很难实现，故排除。录音中提到很多大公司都强调多元化的重要性，但没有提到其员工是否正在日趋多元化，故C项排除。录音中未提到大公司是否理解了多元化的概念，故D项排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Initiatives to achieve diversity in large corporations.
B、Advantages and disadvantages of a diversified team.
C、People’s attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.
D、Innovative ideas and solutions resulting from diversity.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
20. What is the newly published study focused on?
解析：C。录音前半部分提到，巴塞尔大学的研究团队就人们对职场多元化的态度发表了一项新研究，C项与此相符，其中的People’s attitudes towards diversity原词复现，at the workplace是对录音中at work的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到研究发现有助于实现多元化，但实现多元化的举措并不是研究的重点，故A项排除。录音中提到多元化的优势，即多元化的价值（value in diversity），但并未提到多元化的劣势，B项的disadvantages在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到新想法（new ideas）和创新的解决方案（innovative solutions），但创新理念和解决方案都是多元化的价值，并不是研究的重点，D项利用细节信息进行干扰，故错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.
B、Employers attach great importance to their corporations’ diversity.
C、Employers differ from employees in their perspectives on diversity.
D、Doubts about the practicability of diversity are gradually disappearing.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
21. What do the findings of the new study show?
解析：A。录音后半部分指出，在涉及到自己的工作团队时，人们往往会选择与自己相似的团队成员（prefer team members who are similar to themselves）。A项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音开头提到许多大公司都在其网站上强调多元化的重要性，但这并不是研究发现的内容，故B项排除。录音中提到多元化的价值取决于决策视角，也就是说是为自己还是为他人做决策，结果是不同的，但并没有说雇主和雇员对于多元化的看法不同，故C项排除。D项利用录音中的Doubts about the practicability of diversity进行干扰，但are gradually disappearing在录音中无依据，故排除D项。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Choosing the best time for signing a business contract.
B、Changing one’s form of communication from time to time.
C、Laying equal stress on written and spoken communication.
D、Using different forms of communication appropriately.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
22. What is a major key to success in international business according to the passage?
解析：D。录音前半部分提到，懂得何时适合从一种沟通方式转换到另一种沟通方式（Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another）是在国际贸易中取得成功的关键，D项与此相符，其中的appropriately对应录音中的appropriate，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的signed、business和contract设置干扰，但录音中并未提到签订合同的最佳时机，故A项排除。录音中提到要适时（when it’s appropriate）转换沟通方式，但并不是说要不时（from time to time）更换，B项曲解原意，故错误。录音中提到了书面沟通和口头沟通这两种沟通方式，但Laying equal stress在录音中无依据，故C项排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are regarded as seriously binding.
B、They are seldom honored by business partners.
C、They are taken as memos of understanding.
D、They are to be confirmed in written form.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
23. What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some Middle East countries?
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，在中东部分地区，你会发现口头协议具有很强的约束力（spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding）。A项是对此内容的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项与录音意思相悖，故错误。C项利用录音中的are taken as memos of understanding设置干扰，但这里说的是书面合同而非口头协议，C项张冠李戴，故错误。D项中的to be confirmed在录音中无依据，故排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has reached the highest level of evolution.
B、It places a high value on written contracts.
C、It regards written contracts as unalterable.
D、It has seen a decline in verbal agreements.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
24. What do we learn about the Western working culture?
解析：B。录音后半部分提到，西方的工作文化往往高度重视书面文字（place a high value on the written word），而书面合同（contracts）最能体现这种重视程度。B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的evolution和D项中的has seen a decline在录音中无依据，故排除这两项。录音中只提到了一些西方国家认为书面合同必须严格依照执行，并没有说不可更改，C项过度引申，故错误。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Its details cannot be renegotiated.
B、It has to be carried out to the letter.
C、It strengthens business partnerships.
D、Its terms may not be strictly binding.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
25. How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract?
解析：D。录音结尾提到，日本公司在签订合同后可能不会受到合同中每个细节的约束。由此可知，日本公司认为书面合同的条款约束力不强，D项与此相符，其中的may not be strictly binding对应录音中的may not feel bound，Its terms对应录音中的every detail of it，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和B项分别利用录音中的renegotiate和strictly carried out设置干扰，但不愿意重新协商合同条款、认为应该严格依照合同执行的是西方企业，而不是日本企业，故排除这两项。C项利用录音中的business partner和business relationships设置干扰，但录音中说的是对书面文字的重视程度不同会给商业关系带来问题，而不是说书面合同可以加强商业伙伴关系，故C项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
If you’ve ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are you’ve seen the term “natural flavors”. But have you taken a (26)_____ to consider what these natural flavors actually are?
Most of us might think that “natural flavors” are, well, naturally good for us. A recent study in the journal Appetite found that when the word “natural” appears on packaging, people (27)_____ that the food within is indeed healthier. In truth, natural flavors do not (28)_____ much, at least chemically speaking, from their flavor-boosting (29)_____: artificial flavors. Both can be made in a lab by trained flavorists, but artificial flavors use chemicals to give a product a (30)_____ smell or taste.
Natural flavors come from plant or animal (31)_____, like fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, or milk that is then processed or refined in some way. In short, natural flavors are (32)_____ from plants and animals to create specific flavors for processed foods. But that does not (33)_____ make it easier to tell what is really in your food. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not (34)_____ the term, companies can use it to refer to pretty much anything derived from a plant or animal. And natural flavors can also include a variety of chemical additives, such as preservatives. The FDA doesn’t require companies to reveal what additional chemicals a specific item (35)_____.
So if you want to know for certain what you’re getting with your groceries, you might want to stick to the farmer’s market.
26、(1)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：
名词
chance 可能性；机会
counterparts (-s) 对应的人或物
particular 细节；详情
second 秒；片刻
sources (-s) 来源；根源
动词
acknowledge 承认
chance 冒险；偶然发生
contains (-s) 包含；含有
defined (-ed) 下定义；界定
differ 不同于
extracted (-ed) 提炼；提取
implies (-s) 暗示；说明
perceive 察觉到；认为
second 赞同；附议
sources (-s) 寻找……的来源
形容词
chance 意外的；偶然的
defined 界定的
particular 特指的；特别的
strange 奇怪的；陌生的
副词
especially 尤其；专门
necessarily 必然地
second 第二；以第二名
26. second
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句宾语成分缺失，空格前为a，空格后为不定式，由此可知空格处应填入可数名词单数。将备选项中的second代入空格，take a second表示“花点时间”。结合句意，你有没有____想过这些天然香料到底是什么呢？可知填入second符合句意逻辑，故second为正确答案。本题有一定干扰性的是chance，take a chance表示“碰运气；冒险”，结合句意可知，consider这一动作并无碰运气或冒险之意，故排除chance。
27. perceive
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为people，空格后为that从句，空格所在句谓语成分缺失，由此可知空格处需填入动词。空格所在句意为，《食欲》期刊最近的一项研究发现，当“天然”一词出现在包装上时，人们会____里面的食物确实更健康。结合前面一句“我们中的大多数人可能认为‘天然香料’对我们有好处”，可知这两句都是在描述消费者的心理感受。备选项中只有perceive填入空格符合文意，表示“人们会认为里面的食物确实更健康”，故为正确答案。
28. differ
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，且空格前为do not，可知空格处应填入动词原形。做题时应注意逗号之间的插入语at least chemically speaking，理解时应将空格处的动词和后面的from连起来。空格所在句大意为，事实上，天然香料并没有非常____人工香料，至少从化学角度来说是这样。备选项中只有differ填入空格符合句意，do not differ much from表示“与……没有多大区别”，符合语义逻辑，故differ为正确答案。
29. counterparts
解析：名词辨析题。空格位于from短语中，前面为形容词flavor-boosting，可知空格处应填入名词。空格所在句的主语和宾语中包含两个相对应的词：natural flavors和artificial flavors，由此可知空格处的单词应在意义上与natural flavors相对，是对artificial flavors的解释。备选项中只有counterparts（对应的人或物）填入空格符合题意，表示天然香料的对应物，意为“同样用于提味的人工香料”，故为正确答案。
30. particular
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为a，空格后为smell or taste，可知空格处应填入形容词。空格所在句意为，二者都可以由受过训练的调味师在实验室中制作出来，但人工香料会使用化学物质来使产品具有____气味或味道。备选项中只有particular填入空格符合语义，表示“特定的气味或味道”，故为正确答案。
31. sources
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在部分为come from后面的宾语，可推知空格处应填入名词。空格前为plant or animal，空格后为表示举例的like fruit, vegetable...，因此空格处单词应能够表达出plant or animal和fruit, vegetable...的内在联系。空格所在句意为，天然香料来自植物或动物____，如水果、蔬菜、肉、鱼或牛奶，然后再通过某种方式加工或提炼而成。备选项中的sources填入空格符合文意，表示“植物或动物来源”，可以概括后面的fruit, vegetable, meat, fish, or milk，逻辑通顺，故sources为正确答案。
32. extracted
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前为are，空格后为from，可推知空格处应填入动词的分词形式或形容词。空格所在句意为，简单来说，天然香料是从植物和动物中____而来，用于为加工食品创造特定的风味。备选项中的extracted填入空格后与from搭配，be extracted from表示“从……中提取而来”，符合语义逻辑，故extracted为正确答案。
33. necessarily
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，可推知空格处应填入副词。空格所在句及前一句意为，天然香料来自植物和动物，但这并不____能让你更容易分辨出食物中到底有什么。结合下一句中提到，公司可以用天然香料来指代几乎任何从植物或动物中提取的物质，可知即使知道天然香料提取自动植物，人们也不一定能分辨出食物中含有什么，necessarily填入空格符合文意，故为正确答案。
34. defined
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前为has not，由此可知空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式，备选项为defined和extracted。空格所在句意为，因为美国食品和药物管理局没有____这个词，公司可以用天然香料来指代几乎任何从植物或动物中提取的物质。备选项中只有defined（下定义；界定）填入空格符合语义，故为正确答案。
35. contains
解析：动词辨析题。空格位于一个what引导的宾语从句中，从句缺少谓语，由此可知空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为，美国食品和药物管理局没有要求公司标明产品中____哪些化学添加剂。“产品”和“化学添加剂”之间的关系为前者包含后者，因此备选项中的contains（包含；含有）填入空格符合文意，故为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、necessarily
B、defined
C、differ
D、acknowledge
E、second
F、implies
G、chance
H、especially
I、sources
J、particular
K、counterparts
L、strange
M、perceive
N、contains
O、extracted
解析：见上一题！
Fake holiday villa websites prompt warning
【A】During the British winter, the thought of two weeks in a coastal villa (别墅) with soul-stirring views of the sea and a huge pool to enjoy is enough to offset (抵消) the labor until the holidays start. For a growing number of people, however, their yearly break is turning into a nightmare as they find that the property they have paid thousands for does not exist and the website through which they booked it has disappeared.
【B】Consumers have been warned to be aware of the potential for deception in this market, which is far from uncommon. In 2017 there were 1,632 cases of reported “villa fraud (诈骗)”, with victims losing an average of £2,052, according to Action Fraud, the national center for reporting such frauds. “Millions of pounds are lost each year by defrauded holidaymakers,” says Sean Tipton of the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA).
【C】The problem has ballooned in the last 10 years, with frauds becoming more and more sophisticated. The fake websites have authentic-sounding names involving a mix of keywords, typically including the place name, “summer”, “villas” or “rentals”. Details of legitimate (合法的) villas are often stolen from other sites. “When the fraudsters first started it was unsophisticated—the websites looked amateur and there wasn’t a lot of effort,” says Tipton. “Now they are clever. They extensively rip off legitimate websites and use a different website name. They’ll have pictures of a sales team and it might be a poor actor in New York that is down as their head of sales.”
【D】Fraudsters target popular seaside destinations for British tourists visiting Spain where prices can soar if demand exceeds supply. Prices are kept within reasonable ranges to avoid arousing suspicion. “A villa might cost £5,000 elsewhere and they will offer it at say £3,500. But a bit of a giveaway is that the villa will be cheaper than on other websites and there’s unlimited availability,” says Tipton. Fraudsters also invest in pay-per-click advertising to feature at the top of search engines when people type in phrases such as “Spanish seaside villas”.
【E】With such a degree of professionalism, how can consumers find out if the website they’re looking to book with is trustworthy? “When people book holiday villas they are doing so through rose-colored glasses,” says Tony Neate, chief executive of Get Safe Online. “They should be Googling the property, and looking on websites like Google Maps and StreetView to see if it’s there. Also, speak to the person you’re booking the villa with on a landline phone, as fraudsters tend to only use mobiles.” He also suggests asking someone not going on the holiday to have a look at the website. “They might spot problems you don’t spot.” Another potential red flag is being asked to pay by bank transfer. “The problem is that when the money leaves your account it’s in theirs straightaway and it’s very hard to track it,” says Barclays’ Bank head of digital safety, Jodie Gilbert. “We generally recommend other forms of payment, like credit card.”
【F】Little seems to be known about these fraudsters. “There is no way to definitely know who they are,” says Neate. “It could be anyone. It could be your next-door neighbor or organized crime in Russia.” Action Fraud says people should ensure the company renting the villa is a member of a recognized trade body such as ABTA.
【G】“By working with industry partners such as ABTA and Get Safe Online, we are able to issue alerts about the latest threats they should be aware of. If you believe you have fallen victim to fraud or cyber-crime, please report it to Action Fraud,” it adds. ABTA says it is trying to combat the issue by running public awareness campaigns. “It’s a growing problem and people can’t stop fraudsters being dishonest,” says Tipton. ”They’re still going to do it. It’s not impossible to stop but as it’s internet-based it’s harder to pursue.”
【H】Nick Cooper, the founder and co-owner of villa booking company Villa Plus, estimates his company has uncovered more than 200 fake villa websites over the past two years, and doesn’t believe enough is being done. “It is hopeless to report fake villa websites to the internet giants who host them,” he says. “I found it impossible to speak to anyone. Also, once one bank account gets reported, they simply use another.”
【I】For now the only way to stop fraudsters appears ultimately to lie in the hands of the consumer. “When people book their holidays they get so emotionally involved, and when they find that villa at a good price with availability in peak season, they are an easy target,” says Cooper. “The public has to learn to be far more aware they are a target for these sorts of frauds.” But it’s not just the financial cost. “A family will turn up at a villa and find out it doesn’t exist or the owner doesn’t know who you are,” says Tipton. “The problem then is you have to find accommodation at short notice. It can be incredibly expensive but it’s the emotional cost, too.”
【J】Carla O’Shaughnessy from Sydenham was searching last year for a good deal to book a villa in Majorca for a summer break for the family. “I was comparing prices online and found one that came in a bit cheaper than others,” says O’Shaughnessy. She emailed the company via its website, asking how far the villa was from the airport and about local restaurants. “They came back with believable answers; it was all very friendly and professional,” she says. Happy with the responses, O’Shaughnessy paid the full amount of £3,000 via bank transfer into the travel agent’s account and then forgot about it until a month before the booking.
【K】“I tried logging on to the website and couldn’t,” she recalls. I Googled the agent’s name and there were lots of complaints about him being a fraudster. If only I’d Googled before but I never thought of it.” Although she found another villa in time for their holiday, she admits she was much more cautious. “I paid through a secure third-party site and had phone conversations with the agent. But I wasn’t able to relax until we turned up and I had the keys.”
36、36. Fraudsters often steal villa-booking information from authentic holiday websites.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 骗子经常从真实的度假网站上窃取别墅预订信息。
解析：C。根据题干中的steal villa-booking information和authentic holiday websites可定位至原文C段第三句和第六句。第三句说到，虚假网站经常会盗用其他网站上合法别墅的详细信息。第六句也提到，骗子会盗取大量合法网站的信息。题干中的steal对应C段第三句中的 stolen和第六句中的rip off，villa-booking information对应第三句中的Details of legitimate villas，authentic holiday websites对应C段第三句中的other sites和第六句中的legitimate websites，故题干是对原文C段第三句和第六句的同义转述，故正确答案为C。
37. 骗子不断更改其银行账户以避免被追查。
解析：H。根据题干中的keep changing their bank accounts可定位至原文H段最后一句。该句提到，一旦人们举报了一个银行账户，骗子们会再换另一个账户。题干是对本句内容的近义转述，故正确答案为H。
38. 有人建议，不去度假的人也许能帮助识别网络诈骗。
解析：E。根据题干中的suggested和people not going on the holiday可定位至原文E段第五句。该段第五、六句提到，尼特还建议，可以让不去度假的人去订房网站看一下，因为他们可能会发现你没有发现的问题。题干中的people not going on the holiday对应E段第五句中的someone not going on the holiday，help detect website frauds对应第六句中的spot problems you don’t spot，故题干是对E段第五、六句的同义转述，正确答案为E。
39. 越来越多的英国度假者发现，他们在网上预订的海边别墅实际上并不存在。
解析：A。根据题干中的More and more British holidaymakers和nonexistent可定位至原文A段最后一句。该句提到，对于越来越多的人来说，他们的年度休假变成了一场噩梦，因为他们发现自己花了数千元订到的别墅根本不存在。根据A段开头的British可知，本段讲的是英国的情况，题干中的More and more British holidaymakers对应A段最后一句中的For a growing number of people，seaside villas对应A段第一句中的coastal villa，nonexistent是对最后一句中does not exist的同义替换，故题干是对A段最后一句部分内容的同义转述，正确答案为A。
40. 通过在预订别墅之前上网核实旅行社的名称，度假者可以避免落入圈套。
解析：K。根据题干中的checking an agent’s name online可定位至原文K段第二句。该段第二、三句是一位受骗者的自述，主要是说她事后在谷歌上搜索了旅行社的名字，才看到有很多人投诉说他们是骗子。要是她之前用谷歌搜索一下就不会受骗了。题干中的checking an agent’s name online对应K段第二句中的Googled the agent’s name，avoid falling into traps对应第三句中的If only，故题干是对K段第二、三句的概括总结，故正确答案为K。E段有一定干扰性，也提到了上网核实，但这里说要核实的是别墅是否真实存在，没有提到旅行社，故排除。
41. 一位网络安全专家表示，骗子的身份很难识别。
解析：F。根据题干中的Fraudsters are difficult to identify可定位至原文F段第二句。该句提到，尼特说，没有办法确定这些骗子到底是谁。E段提到，尼特是英国“安全上网”公司的首席执行官，对应题干中的an online safety expert，且F段第二句中的There is no way to definitely know who they are对应题干中的Fraudsters are difficult to identify，故题干是对F段第二句的同义转述，正确答案为F。
42. 度假者已被提醒注意那些频繁发生的网络别墅预订诈骗。
解析：B。根据题干中的have been alerted和the frequent occurrence可定位至原文B段第一句。该句提到，消费者有被提醒过要警惕在度假别墅市场上可能经常出现此类诈骗。这里的“此类诈骗”指的就是上文中提到的网络别墅预订诈骗。题干中的Holidaymakers have been alerted对应该句中的Consumers have been warned，the frequent occurrence对应该句中的far from uncommon，online villa-booking frauds对应该句中的deception in this market，故题干是对B段第一句的同义转述，正确答案为B。
43. 度假者要想保护自己，避免受骗，靠的正是他们自己。
解析：I。根据题干中的It is holidaymakers that can protect themselves可定位至原文I段第一句。该句提到，目前，制止骗子的唯一办法似乎最终掌握在消费者手中。题干中对holidaymakers的强调对应I段第一句中的only way和lie in the hands of the consumer，protect themselves from falling victim to frauds对应该句中的stop fraudsters，故题干是对I段第一句的同义转述，正确答案为I。
44. 建议度假者不要通过银行转账付款。
解析：E。根据题干中的not to make payments by bank transfer可定位至原文E段倒数第三句。该句提到，朱迪·吉尔伯特认为另一个潜在的危险信号是要求订房者通过银行转账支付费用。该段最后一句提到，通常推荐其他付款方式，如信用卡支付。由此可知，朱迪是在建议人们不要使用银行转账支付费用，题干中的make payments by bank transfer是对E段倒数第三句中pay by bank transfer的同义替换，are advised对应最后一句中的recommend，故题干是对E段倒数第三句和最后一句的近义概括，正确答案为E。虽然原文J段也提到了via bank transfer，但这里只是在描述案件经过，不是在给出建议，故排除。
45. 骗子会以合理的价格为他们的别墅做广告，以免引起怀疑。
解析：D。根据题干中的advertise、at reasonable prices和not to be suspected可定位至原文D段第二句和第五句。第二句提到，骗子会把价格保持在合理范围内，以免引起怀疑；第五句提到，骗子也会花钱投放按点击次数计费的广告。题干中的advertise对应D段第五句中的advertising，at reasonable prices对应第二句中的Prices are kept within reasonable ranges，not to be suspected是对第二句中to avoid arousing suspicion的同义替换，故题干是对D段第二、五句的近义概括，正确答案为D。
37、37. Fraudsters keep changing their bank accounts to avoid being tracked.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
38、38. It is suggested that people not going on the holiday might help detect website frauds.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
39、39. More and more British holidaymakers find the seaside villas they booked online actually nonexistent.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
40、40. By checking an agent’s name online before booking a villa, holidaymakers can avoid falling into traps.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
41、41. Fraudsters are difficult to identify, according to an online safety expert.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
42、42. Holidaymakers have been alerted to the frequent occurrence of online villa-booking frauds.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
43、43. It is holidaymakers that can protect themselves from falling victim to frauds.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Holidaymakers are advised not to make payments by bank transfer.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Fraudster advertise their villas at reasonable prices so as not to be suspected.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
Social media can be a powerful communication tool for employees, helping them to collaborate, share ideas and solve problems. Research has shown that 82% of employees think social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe it can support decision-making processes. These beliefs contribute to a majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours.
Employers typically worry that social media is a productivity killer; more than half of U.S. employers reportedly block access to social media at work. In my research with 277 employees of a healthcare organization I found these concerns to be misguided. Social media doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention.
In the first part of the study I surveyed the employees about why and how they used platforms like Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Respondents were then asked about their work behaviors, including whether they felt motivated in their jobs and showed initiative at work. I found employees who engage in online social interactions with co-workers through social media blogs tend to be more motivated and come up with innovative ideas. But when employees interact with individuals outside the organization, they are less motivated and show less initiative.
In the second part of the study I found 76% of employees using social media for work took an interest in other organizations they found on social media. When I examined how respondents expressed openness to new careers and employers, I found that they engaged in some key activities including researching new organizations and making new work connections.
These findings present a dilemma for managers: employees using social media at work are more engaged and more productive, but they are also more likely to leave your company. Managers should implement solutions that neutralize the retention risk caused by social media.
They can create social media groups in which employees will be more likely to collaborate and less likely to share withdrawal intentions or discussions about external job opportunities. Managers can also use social media to directly reduce turnover (跳槽) intentions, by recognizing employees’ accomplishments and giving visibility to employees’ success stories.
46、46. What does previous research about social media reveal?
A、Most employees think positively of it.
B、It improves employees’ work efficiency.
C、It enables employees to form connections.
D、Employees spend much of their work time on it.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的previous research和题文同序原则，可定位至原文第一段。该段提到，研究表明，82%的员工认为社交媒体可以改善工作关系，60%的员工认为社交媒体可以为决策过程提供支持。A项与此内容相符，其中的Most employees对应该句中的82%和60%，think positively of it对应该句中的can improve work relationships和support decision-making processes，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用原文中的improve和productivity设置干扰，C项利用connections设置干扰，但这些都不是之前的研究所揭示的内容，故排除这两项。原文中虽然提到了work hours，但没有提到员工在社交媒体上花费了多少时间，故排除D项。
47、47. What did the author’s own research find about social media?
A、It influences employees’ work negatively.
B、It does much harm to employee loyalty.
C、It kills employees’ motivation for work.
D、It affects employers’ decision-making.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的the author’s own research可定位至原文第二、三、四段。第二段最后一句提到，作者通过研究发现，社交媒体对生产力的削弱程度远不如其对员工流失造成的影响大。结合第四段第一句提到，在研究的第二部分，作者发现76%在工作中使用社交媒体的员工对他们在社交媒体上发现的其他公司感兴趣。由此可知，使用社交媒体会对员工忠诚度有很大影响，employee loyalty对应原文中的employee retention，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：原文第五段提到，在工作中使用社交媒体的员工更加敬业、效率更高，A项的“对员工的工作产生负面影响”与此相悖，故排除。原文第三段提到，那些通过社交媒体博客与同事进行在线社交互动的员工往往更有动力，C项与此内容相悖，故排除。D项利用原文中的decision-making设置干扰，但这里说的是之前有研究显示60%的员工认为社交媒体可以为决策过程提供支持，并不是作者研究的内容，故D项排除。
48、48. What did the author find in his study about the effect of online social interactions?
A、It differs from employee to employee.
B、It tends to vary with the platform used.
C、It has much to do with whom employees interact with.
D、It is hard to measure when employees interact with outsiders.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的the author find in his study和the effect of online social interactions可定位至原文第三段最后两句。该处提到，作者在其研究中发现，那些通过社交媒体博客与同事（co-workers）进行在线社交互动的员工往往更有动力，而且还能提出创新的想法。但是，如果员工是与公司以外人员（individuals outside the organization）互动，他们工作的积极性和主动性就会降低。由此可知线上社交互动的影响好坏与互动的对象有关，C项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：根据原文，决定线上社交互动影响的是互动的对象，而不是员工本身，故A项排除。原文第三段虽然提到三个社交平台，但并没有说是因为使用的平台不同而产生的影响不同，故B项错误。D项中的It is hard to measure在原文中无依据，故排除。
49、49. What problem was found with employees using social media for work?
A、They seldom expressed their inner thoughts.
B、Most of them explored new job opportunities.
C、They were reluctant to collaborate with others.
D、Many of them ended with lower productivity.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的employees using social media for work可定位至原文第四段第一句。该句提到，在研究的第二部分，作者发现76%在工作中使用社交媒体的员工对他们在社交媒体上发现的其他公司感兴趣。接着又在最后一句中提到这些员工会进行一些关键活动，如调查新公司、建立新的工作关系，这些活动都与寻找新工作有关，由此可知，大多数在工作中使用社交媒体的员工会更容易寻找新工作。B项与此相符，其中的Most of them对应定位句中的76%，explored new job opportunities对应该句中的took an interest in other organizations，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用原文中的intentions设置干扰，但seldom expressed在文中无依据，故排除。C项利用原文中的collaborate设置干扰，但reluctant无依据，故排除。D项利用原文中的productivity设置干扰，但原文中说的是使用社交媒体的员工效率更高，D项与此相悖，故错误。
50、50. What does the author suggest managers do to neutralize the retention risk?
A、Give promotions to employees for their accomplishments.
B、Create opportunities for employees to share success stories.
C、Acknowledge employees’ achievements through social media.
D、Encourage employees to increase their visibility on social media.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的managers和neutralize the retention risk可定位至原文第五段最后一句。这里提出，管理者应该采取措施来消除社交媒体所带来的离职隐患。在第六段的具体建议中，作者指出管理者也可以利用社交媒体来认可员工的成就、展示员工的成功故事，从而直接减少他们跳槽的想法。C项与此相符，其中的Acknowledge employees’ achievements是对第六段最后一句中recognizing employees’ accomplishments的同义替换，through social media是对该句中use social media的同义替换，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文中的accomplishments设置干扰，但其中的Give promotions无依据，故排除。原文中提到，管理者可以利用社交媒体展示员工的成功故事，而不是让员工分享成功故事，B项与原文存在语义偏差，故排除。D项利用原文中的visibility设置干扰，但原文说的是展示员工的成功故事，而不是让员工增加曝光度，D项曲解词义，故错误。
In the coming era of budget cuts to education, distance learning could become the norm.
The temptation for those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology could be so strong that they ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. Online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people simultaneously, resulting in greater savings, thus increasing the temptation of distance education for those concerned more about budgets than learning. But moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster. Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning, interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are essential skills to cultivate in young people. Moreover, schools should be more than simple institutions of traditional learning. They are now places that provide meals. They are places where students receive counseling and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to “transform” education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to flourish in an increasingly harsh labor market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the humanity of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time. Personal teaching is about teachers showing students a higher path, and about young people going through the process together. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
51、51. What mainly accounts for the possibility that distance learning could become the norm?
A、Advances in education technology.
B、Shrinking financial resources.
C、Shortage of school facilities.
D、Lack of qualified teachers.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的distance learning could become the norm可定位至原文第一段。该段提到，在即将到来的教育预算削减（budget cuts to education）时代，远程学习可能会成为常态。随后在第二段提到了负责教育预算的人对于远程教学的偏好。由此可知，教育预算的削减是致使远程学习可能成为常态的主要原因，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和C项分别利用原文中的technology和School facilities设置干扰，但原文中并未提到技术进步和学校设施短缺是远程学习成为常态的原因，故排除这两项。D项利用原文中的good teachers进行干扰，但Lack在原文中无依据，故排除。
52、52. What does the author say is one possible benefit of students attending school physically?
A、Developing the habit of getting up early.
B、Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.
C、Growing into living and breathing human beings.
D、Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的possible benefit和students attending school physically可定位至原文第二段倒数第四句。该句提到，去学校实地上课有潜藏的好处：每天早上起床，与同龄人互动，与老师建立关系，这些都是年轻人需要培养的基本技能。D项是对interacting with peers和building relationships with teachers的同义概括，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文中的getting up every morning设置干扰，但原文中没有说早起（getting up early），A项中的habit和early无依据，故错误。B项利用原文中的meals设置干扰，但其中的nutritionally well-balanced在原文中无依据，故排除。C项利用原文中的a living, breathing human being设置干扰，但这里讲的是传统课堂的情况，不是说学生会因去学校上课而成长为活生生、会呼吸的人，C项曲解文意，故错误。
53、53. What does the author think of the latest technology in education?
A、It may have potential disadvantages.
B、It may render many teachers jobless.
C、It may add to students’ financial burden.
D、It may revolutionize classroom teaching.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的the latest technology in education可定位至原文第三段第一句。该句提到了政策制定者对最新教育技术的看法，并在第二句提到了作者自己的观点：但在线教育不允许老师在课后留住一个学习困难的学生给予辅导；教学视频无法进行眼神交流或评估学生的课堂参与度；远程教育永远无法与传统课堂中的真人教学相匹敌。由此可知，作者认为最新的教育技术存在弊端，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项中的jobless和C项中的students’ financial burden在原文中无依据，故排除这两项。D项利用原文中的“transform” education设置干扰，但这是政策制定者喜欢最新教育技术的原因，而非作者的观点，故D项错误。
54、54. What does the author say teachers are expected to do?
A、Enhance students’ leadership capacity.
B、Elevate students to managerial positions.
C、Enable students to adapt to the changes in life.
D、Prepare students to be competitive in the future.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的teachers are expected to do可定位至原文第三段倒数第二句。该句提到，人们指望教师把学生教育成负责任的公民，培养其社交技能，鼓励他们有效管理时间，并提高他们的能力，以便他们在日益残酷的劳动力市场中取得成功。D项是对人们对教师的一系列期望的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中虽然提到了management，但指的是“时间管理”，而不是“领导能力”或“管理岗位”，故排除A项和B项。C项在原文中无依据，故排除。
55、55. Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher?
A、It lacks humanity.
B、It is still immature.
C、It cannot track students’ growth.
D、It cannot cater to personal needs.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的technology和a good teacher可定位至原文最后一段最后一句。该句提到，无论技术多么先进，都只能作为一位优秀教师的工具。在最后一段的第一句，作者指出，课堂的力量植根于同一时间聚集在同一地点的人们的人性。由此可知，技术因为不具备人性而无法拥有真人课堂的力量，因而无法取代优秀的老师，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项和C项在原文中无依据，故均排除。D项利用原文中的personal设置干扰，但这里只提到了personal teaching（真人教学），未提到个人需求，故排除D项。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 从前，有个农夫正在地里耕作，突然看见一只兔子飞奔而过，撞在一棵大树上死了。农夫毫不费力就吃到了兔肉，心里非常高兴。他想，“如果总是这样该多好啊！”于是，他不再耕作，每天守候在那棵树旁，等待着能再捡到撞死在树上的兔子。他等呀等，等了一天又一天，田地也荒芜了，却再也没有等到第二只兔子。人们因而都嘲笑他把偶然当成了必然。
参考答案：
参考译文
Once upon a time, a farmer was farming in the fields when he suddenly saw a rabbit dash past and crash into a large tree dead. The farmer was overjoyed as he ate the rabbit meat effortlessly. He thought, “It would be great if it was always like this!” So, he stopped farming and waited by the tree every day, hoping to pick up more rabbits that hit the tree and die. He waited and waited day after day, with his fields deserted, but he never saw another rabbit. Therefore, he was laughed at for taking chance as certainty.
解析：
词汇难点
耕作 farm
飞奔而过 dash past
撞 crash into; hit; bump into
毫不费力 without any effort; effortlessly
捡到 pick up; get
荒芜 deserted; go wild
偶然 chance; the accidental
必然 certainty ; the inevitable
表达难点
第一句：本句较长，可根据句意，将“农夫正在地里耕作”作为主句，剩下部分处理为when引导的时间状语从句。从句部分动词较多，但逻辑关系清晰，“飞奔”“撞在”和“死了”都是“看见”的情景，而“死了”作为“撞”的结果，可处理为结果状语，用形容词dead表示，所以“突然看见一只兔子飞奔而过，撞在一棵大树上死了”可译为saw a rabbit dash past and crash into a large tree dead。
第二句：本句包含两个分句，隐含因果关系，“毫不费力就吃到了兔肉”可作为农夫高兴的原因，处理为原因状语从句，译为as he ate the rabbit meat effortlessly。
第三句：本句包含引语内容，为农夫心中所想，可译为直接引语。需要注意引语中内容是农夫所希望的情况，需要使用虚拟语气，译为It would be great if it was always like this。也可以用if only句型，译为If only this would always happen。
第四句：根据本句句意，可将“他不再耕作”和“每天守候在那棵树旁”作为句子主干，译为he stopped farming and waited by the tree every day。“等待着能再捡到……”可作为状语，用现在分词短语表示，译为waiting to pick up...，为避免重复，可将waiting用hoping代替；“撞死在树上的兔子”可处理为定语从句修饰的名词，译为rabbits that hit the tree and die。
第五句：本句包含四个分句，含有“却”所表示的转折关系，可译为but连接的并列句。动词较多，分别为“等呀等”“等”“荒芜”和“等到”。前两个动词“等呀等”和“等”存在意思上的重复，可合译为waited and waited，最后一个动词“等到”表示一种结果，为避免与前面的waited重复，可用saw代替。“田地也荒芜了”可译为伴随状语用with his fields deserted表示，也可译为状语从句even when his fields went wild。
第六句：本句比较简单，句子主干为“人们……嘲笑他……”，可译为people laughed at him，因为通篇的主语都是“农夫”，为保持连贯性，可将句子变为被动句He was laughed at。“把偶然当成了必然”可作为laugh at sb. for结构后面的介词宾语成分，译为taking chance as certainty。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your school clinic for improving its service. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
After hearing about some complaints about our school clinic’s service, as a college student, I’m writing to propose a few suggestions to address its current problems.
As far as I am concerned, the current problems of our school clinic involve its short opening hours, low medicine storage and lack of publicity. To begin with, the school clinic ought to extend its opening hours and provide a 24-hour call service in case of emergencies. Moreover, in order to cope with different kinds of diseases, the school clinic should prepare a few more varieties of common medicine. Lastly, it would be nice if the school clinic could regularly organize activities to popularize some healthcare knowledge among teachers and students.
As an indispensable component of our campus, the school clinic should better ensure the well-being of the students as well as the teaching staff. I look forward to its further improvement and I hope my proposal could be adopted.
Best Wishes,
Li Ming
参考译文
尊敬的先生或女士：
由于听说了一些针对我们校医室服务的投诉，作为一名大学生，在此我想提出一些建议，以解决目前存在的问题。
在我看来，我们校医室目前存在的问题包括开放时间短、药品种类少和缺乏宣传。首先，校医室应该延长开放时间，并提供24小时呼叫服务，以防有紧急情况发生。此外，为了应对不同的疾病，校医室应该准备更多种类的常用药。最后，如果校医室能够定期组织活动，在老师和学生中普及一些医疗保健知识，那就太好了。
校医室作为校园里不可或缺的一部分，应该更好地保障学生和教师的健康。我期待着它的进一步改进，也期望我的建议能够得到采纳。
祝好，
李明
解析：
写作指南
本次写作要求考生给自己学校的医务室写一封建议书（proposal），针对的主要是如何改进校医室的服务。文章可采用信件格式，主体部分用常见的三段式结构，第一段引出话题，表明写作目的；第二段指出现有问题，并提出具体建议；第三段简短总结，指出校医室的重要意义，并提出期望。
文章大纲
第一段：引出校医室这一话题，表明写信的目的是提建议。
第二段：就校医室的开放时间、药品种类和活动宣传方面，指出现有问题，并提出建议。
第三段：指出校医室的重要意义，希望建议被采纳。
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