一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It studied the effects of exercise on sleep.
B、Its participants came from various walks of life.
C、Its findings confirmed those of previous studies.
D、It ran for as long as some thirty years.
解析：
听力原文
A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful. In the study, researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men. Participants worked in the health profession. (1) [They were followed for approximately three decades.] They completed surveys about their diet every four years. They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years. The more beverages containing added sugar that people drink, the greater their risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain added sugar, were not part of the study. The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people’s health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included consuming too much meat. The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar. (2) [They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.] The study found only an association. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.
1. What do we learn about the new study from the news report?
解析：D。根据录音可知，对受试者的追踪研究持续了大约30年。D项中的some thirty years是对录音中approximately three decades的同义替换，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到，受试者会回答有关睡眠（sleep）、锻炼（exercise）和健康状况的问题，并不是说锻炼对睡眠的影响，故A项排除。录音中提到，受试者是从事卫生保健工作（health profession）的人员，B项的various walks of life与此相悖，故排除。C项的previous studies在录音中无依据，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Eating more vegetables instead of meats.
B、Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar.
C、Consuming more energy drinks and sports drinks.
D、Forming the habit of exercising regularly.
解析：
听力原文
A new study finds that beverages containing added sugar might be harmful. In the study, researchers analyzed information from over 80,000 women and 37,000 men. Participants worked in the health profession. (1) [They were followed for approximately three decades.] They completed surveys about their diet every four years. They also answered questions about sleep and exercise and health every two years. The more beverages containing added sugar that people drink, the greater their risk of death was during the study period. These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks. Beverages like pure fruit juice, which are sweet but do not contain added sugar, were not part of the study. The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors that could affect people’s health. These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables. They also included consuming too much meat. The scientists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar. (2) [They argue we should replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice. However, the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.] The study found only an association. It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death.
2. What is the scientists’ recommendation?
解析：B。录音中提到，我们应该用其他饮品来代替含添加糖的饮料，水就是最好的选择，接着又提到，研究人员承认这只是他们的建议（recommendation）。B项是对此内容的同义转述，instead of对应录音中的replace，water原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中提到蔬菜摄入量不足（not eating enough vegetables）和肉类摄入过多（consuming too much meat），但这是研究人员考虑的其他可能影响健康的因素，研究人员并未对此提出建议，故A项排除。C项利用录音中的consuming和energy drinks and sports drinks进行拼凑，但能量饮料和运动饮料都属于含添加糖的饮料，C项与录音意思相反，故排除。D项利用录音中的exercise进行干扰，但Forming the habit of在录音中无依据，故排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He asked them about his lost paintings.
B、He knew the owner of two missing paintings.
C、He left his paintings at a highway rest stop.
D、He found two 17th-century oil paintings.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings. Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month.] He later handed them in to the Cologne Police. (4) [An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,] police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti, dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten, date unknown. Their combined worth is estimated to be around one million euros. Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found. Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local government.
3. What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?
解析：D。录音开头提到，德国警方周五呼吁人们提供两幅17世纪油画的失主信息，接着说到这两幅画是一名64岁的男子在高速公路服务站的垃圾堆里发现的。D项中的found和two 17th-century oil paintings原词复现，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中提到一名64岁的男子在高速公路服务站发现了两幅油画，并没有说他自己丢了画，故A项排除。录音开头就提到警方呼吁人们提供画作主人的信息，由此可知，现在还不知道画作主人是谁，B项的knew the owner与此相悖，故排除。C项利用paintings和at a highway rest stop进行干扰，但是男子是发现了（found）这些画，并不是丢弃（left），故C项错误。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They are imitations.
B、They are originals.
C、They were stolen by an Italian boy.
D、They came from the same artist.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two 17th-century oil paintings. Police said a 64-year-old man found the paintings in a garbage pile at a highway rest stop last month.] He later handed them in to the Cologne Police. (4) [An initial assessment by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,] police said. One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti, dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten, date unknown. Their combined worth is estimated to be around one million euros. Authorities have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightful owner is not found. Nevertheless, it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Museum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local government.
4. What is the art expert’s conclusion about the two framed paintings?
解析：B。录音中提到，经过艺术专家的初步评估，这两幅裱框画是原作。B项的originals原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音中提到，两幅裱框画是原作，A项的imitations与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到，一幅是意大利画家（Italian artist）彼得罗·贝洛蒂于1665年创作的一幅风景画；另一幅是17世纪荷兰画家（Dutch artist）塞缪尔·范·霍赫斯特拉滕的一幅男孩肖像画（a painting of a boy），由此可知，并不是意大利男孩偷了画，两幅画也不是出自同一位画家之手，故C、D两项排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Look after her grandfather.
B、Leave the remote cold region.
C、Save her sick grandmother.
D、Flee from the threat of bears.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
5. What did the 4-year-old girl attempt to do?
解析：C。录音开头提到，一个4岁的小女孩穿过积雪覆盖的森林，徒步跋涉8公里为生病的祖母寻求帮助。C项与此内容相符，其中Save对应录音中的seek help for，her sick grandmother原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音中并没有说到照顾祖父，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的remote region和cold进行拼凑，但录音中是说女孩从西伯利亚一个偏远地区穿过（through）的艰难旅程，并不是离开（Leave）这一地区，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的the threat of bears作干扰，但录音中是说女孩勇敢面对（braved），并不是逃离（Flee from）熊的威胁，故D项错误。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、She has to face a criminal charge.
B、She was found lying motionless in the snow.
C、She searched for her daughter in freezing cold.
D、She works in childcare services.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
6. What do we learn from the news report about the girl’s mother?
解析：A。录音中提到，女孩的母亲将面临刑事立案。A项的face a criminal charge是对录音中is facing a criminal case的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：录音中说女孩醒来发现祖母一动不动，并不是说她的母亲，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的freezing和cold进行拼凑，但录音中是说女孩在严寒中穿越偏远区域去寻求帮助，并不是她母亲，故C项错误。D项利用录音中的childcare services进行干扰，但录音中是说女孩的母亲还面临着儿童照管机构的调查，并非是她在儿童照管机构工作，故D项错误。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、She was found in a forest after three days.
B、She lay totally unconscious for three days.
C、She suffered from the effects of severe cold.
D、She was finally rescued by her relatives.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A 4-year-old girl has walked 8 kilometers through a snowy forest to seek help for her sick grandmother,] who later died of a heart attack. The young girl braved the threat of bears, wolves and temperatures far below freezing. She made the journey through a remote region in Siberia, after waking up to find her grandmother motionless. Named locally as Carla, she lives alone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grandfather. (6) [As a result, the girl’s mother is facing a criminal case.] She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger, in the care of the elderly. She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Carla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives. The journey took place in February when temperatures average -26°C. Russian reports on social media suggest the forest may have been as cold as -34°C. The journey was only recently confirmed by authorities. (7) [But though she was suffering from the effects of extreme cold,] the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects. Last year, a 3-year-old boy survived alone for 3 days in a remote forest in the same region.
7. What happened to the little girl according to the news report?
解析：C。录音后面部分提到，女孩遭受了严寒的影响。C项与此内容相符，其中suffered from对应录音中的was suffering from，severe cold是对录音中extreme cold的同义替换，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音最后提到，一个三岁的男孩在一个偏远森林里独自生存了三天，并不是女孩三天后在森林里被发现，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的3 days和motionless进行干扰，但这里说的是一个小男孩在森林里待了三天、小女孩的祖母一动不动，而不是小女孩，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的relatives进行干扰，但录音中是说女孩被单独留在身体不好的亲人身边，并不是被亲戚所救，故D项错误。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She shows a real passion for taking photos.
B、She has just returned from her hometown.
C、She comes from the city of Cape Town.
D、She has a truly amazing appearance.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
8. What does the woman say about her new friend Susan?
解析：C。录音开头部分女士提到她的新朋友苏珊，男士问苏珊的家乡叫什么，女士回答说她来自开普敦，C项的Cape Town原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的photos进行干扰，但录音中是说苏珊社交媒体上的照片非常酷，并没有说她对摄影表现出热情，故A项排除。录音中提到her hometown，但并没有说她刚从家乡回来，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的amazing进行干扰，但录音中说的是她家乡的照片（photos of her hometown）看起来棒极了，并不是她的外表（appearance），故D项排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is as famous as Cape Town.
B、It has a flat surface at the top.
C、It is green and free from pollution.
D、It was named by European settlers.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
9. What does the woman say about Table Mountain?
解析：B。录音中女士提到，之所以被称为桌山，是因为这座山的山顶很平。B项中的flat和at the top原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的Cape Town进行干扰，但as famous as无依据，故A项排除。录音中提到开普敦植被繁茂且多风，但C项的free from pollution无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中European settlers进行干扰，但并没有说桌山是由欧洲殖民者命名的，故D项错误。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She has British ancestors.
B、She is of mixed blood.
C、She grew up in India.
D、She speaks several languages.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
10. What do we learn from the conversation about the woman’s friend Susan?
解析：A。录音中间女士说到，她的朋友苏珊说她的祖先来自英国。A项的British ancestors是对录音中her ancestors were from Britain的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的mixed进行干扰，但录音中是说南非有很多不同种族的人，并不是说苏珊是混血，故B项排除。录音中说南非有黑人、白人和印度人（Indian people），并没有说苏珊在印度（India）长大，故C项排除。录音中女士提到，南非有许多种语言，但苏珊只说英语，D项与此相悖，故排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is an extremely violent sport.
B、It is becoming a national sport.
C、It is originated in New Zealand.
D、It is more popular than football.
解析：
听力原文
W: I’ve made a new friend recently. Her name is Susan, and she’s from South Africa.
M: How did you meet her?
W:We met over WeChat. She has very cool photos on her social media. The photos of her hometown look amazing.
M: What’s her hometown called?
W: (8) [It’s called Cape Town.] It’s in the southwest of South Africa. She says it’s very green and windy. The city was built by European settlers, and there’s a big mountain that overlooks the city. (9) [The mountain is called Table Mountain, because it’s flat at the top.]
M: That sounds interesting. What are the people there like?
W: Well, Susan says South Africa is very mixed. There are black people and white people and Indian people. Susan is white. (10) [She says her ancestors were from Britain.] Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.
M: Didn’t South Africa host the Football World Cup a few years ago? They must play football a lot then, right?
W: (11) [I think they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby.]
M: Rugby? What’s rugby?
W: Rugby is a sport with two teams, and the players carry the ball in their arms and throw it at each other. The ball is not round, and the players push each other. I don’t really understand the rules. I think it’s very complicated.
M: That sounds like a very strange sport indeed. Is it only South Africa that plays it?
W: No. It’s also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies, like Australia and New Zealand.
11. What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?
解析：D。录音中女士提到，足球在南非不像橄榄球那么受欢迎。D项符合题意，其中的more popular than football是对录音中they play football, but it’s not as popular as rugby的同义转述，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项的violent和B项的national sport在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。录音中提到在英国和其他前英国殖民地，如澳大利亚和新西兰（New Zealand），橄榄球也很受欢迎，并不是说橄榄球起源于新西兰，故C项排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Prepare a study guide.
B、Consult his advisors.
C、Go over his notes regularly.
D、Take stress-relief sessions.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
12. What does the woman advise the man do?
解析：A。在录音开头，男士说自己这学期的课业量让他很头疼，问女士有何建议，女士推荐他做一个学习大纲（a study guide），故A项正确。
错项排除：B项在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的notes设置干扰，但其中的Go over和regularly未提及，故排除。D项利用录音中的relieve a lot of study pressure设置干扰，但这里说的是女士认为制作学习大纲可以帮助减轻学习压力，而不是建议男士参加减压培训，故D项排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、His worksheets are terribly messy.
B、He finds the workload too heavy.
C、His study folder is badly disorganized.
D、He has difficulty taking notes quickly.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
13. What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?
解析：C。在录音中间部分男士提到，他主要的问题在于学习文件夹里（study folder）满满都是笔记和习题卷，一点条理也没有（badly disorganized）。C项与此相符，基本复现了录音中的原词，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的worksheets和badly disorganized设置干扰，但录音中说的是男士的学习文件夹毫无条理，而不是习题卷毫无条理，故A项错误。虽然男士在录音开头提到自己的课业量让他很头疼，没有提到课业量过于繁重，而且这不是他在学习上最大的问题，故B项排除。D项利用notes设置干扰，但录音中没有提到快速做笔记这件事，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A visual learner.
B、An emotional learner.
C、An organized learner.
D、A logical learner.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
14. What kind of learner does the woman say she is?
解析：B。在录音中间部分，女士在区分几类学习者时，说到自己属于情感型学习者（I’m an emotional learner），故B项正确。
错项排除：根据录音信息，男士属于视觉型学习者，但题目中问到的是女士，故A项错误。C项利用录音中的organize设置干扰，但organized learner在录音中无依据，故排除。D项虽然是学习者类型中的一种，但不是女士所属的类型，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Arrange them using color and pictures.
B、Restructure them in a logical way.
C、Commit them to memory after class.
D、Organize them into a well-connected story.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hi, Jennifer. I’m really struggling with this semester’s workload. Do you have any advice?
W: (12) [Have you considered making a study guide?] It’s a tool you can make yourself to take the stress out of studying. I’ve been using one since the start of last semester, and it has really helped relieve a lot of study pressure.
M: Sounds like just what I need. (13) [My main problem is that my study folder is full of notes and worksheets and is badly disorganized.] I don’t know where to start.
W: Okay. Well, the main thing is to have everything in the right place. Whatever you’re reviewing, it’s important that it’s arranged for your particular needs of that subject and in the most user-friendly way you can. What kind of learner are you?
M: Hmm...I’m not sure.
W: Well, visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors and maps to organize information. Logical learners have a linear mind, and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems. (14) [I’m an emotional learner,] which means I need to connect to information emotionally to understand it.
M: Oh, I’m very much dependent on vision as a way of taking in information.
W: Well, (15) [I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping to lay out the information and make it more quickly accessible.]
M: (15) [So you think I should arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text.]
W: Yes, you’ll probably start to grasp information a lot quicker that way. As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself.
M: That’s amazing. I didn’t know there were so many different ways to learn.
15. What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?
解析：A。在录音后半部分，女士建议男士在整理笔记时使用不同颜色标记各个部分，也可以使用思维导图，随后男士进行了总结，即使用颜色和图片而不是文字来整理笔记（arrange my notes using color and pictures），A项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项属于逻辑型学习者的做法，不适合男士这类视觉型学习者，而且这不是女士的建议，故排除。录音中女士提到自己作为一个情感型学习者，会把笔记整理成一个故事，以方便背诵，C项和D项利用这部分信息进行干扰，但都不是女士对男士的建议，故排除这两项。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is mainly based on a society’s religion.
B、It is interpreted differently in different times.
C、It is a code of conduct based on laws and ethics.
D、It is a moral principle to guide people’s behavior.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
16. What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?
解析：D。录音开头提到，黄金法则是一条道德原则（a moral principle），它规定，你希望他人如何对待你，你就应该如何对待他人。随后在录音中间部分提到，人们以黄金法则为处事原则（a guide of how to behave），就可以更好地对待他人。在录音后面部分再次提到，可以将黄金法则视为指导个体和群体行为（guide our behavior）的原则之一。D项与此相符，其中的moral principle原词复现，guide people’s behavior对应录音中的a guide of how to behave和guide our behavior，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的based on和the religion in their society设置干扰，但这里说的是基于社会中诸如宗教等因素，不同的人会接触到不同形式的黄金法则，而不是说黄金法则是以宗教为基础的，故A项排除。录音中提到不同的人会接触到不同的黄金法则，并不是不同的时代有不同的解释，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的laws and ethical principles设置干扰，但录音中说的是黄金法则有时会与法律和道德原则相冲突，而不是前者以后者为基础，故C项错误。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may lead to misunderstanding despite good intentions.
B、It assumes that human beings are all good-natured.
C、It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.
D、It fails to consider the complexity of human relationships.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
17. What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?
解析：C。录音中间部分提到，针对黄金法则有一条值得注意的批评：当它与法律和道德原则相冲突时，遵循这一法则可能会导致不良后果（lead to undesirable outcomes）。C项与此相符，其中的produce是对lead to的同义替换，undesirable outcomes原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和B项在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到了多个原则，如moral principle、ethical principles和several principles，容易让人产生复杂之感，但没有提到人际关系（human relationships）的复杂性，故排除D项。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The golden rule is often in conflict with certain laws and ethical principles.
B、The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.
C、Failure to follow the golden rule may lead to violation of laws and ethics.
D、Observing the golden rule is the first step to becoming a responsible citizen.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [The golden rule is a moral principle, which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself.] For example, if you want people to treat you with respect, you should treat them with respect. Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule, based on factors such as the religion in their society. However, all forms of the golden rule revolve around the same concept. (16) [Namely, they help you treat others better by using the way you yourself would want to be treated as a guide of how to behave.] (17) [A notable criticism of the golden rule is that its application can lead to undesirable outcomes] when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles. For example, if someone breaks the law, the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go, because we would not want to be punished ourselves. However, this issue with the golden rule can be dealt with in a general manner, (16) [by viewing this principle as one of several principles that we use to guide our behavior as individuals and as a society.] Specifically, (18) [in the example described above, most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule. This means that they strive to implement the golden rule whenever possible, as long as it doesn’t clash with a more important concept.]
18. What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?
解析：B。作者在录音中间部分举出有人违法的例子，指出黄金法则在与法律和道德相冲突时出现的问题，在录音后半部分进行了总结，即大多数个体和群体选择了将法律和道德原则置于黄金法则之上。这意味着，只要不与更重要的概念相冲突，人们还是会尽可能地遵循黄金法则。也就是说，在有人违法这个例子中，想要传达的信息是黄金法则需要让位给法律和道德原则，因为后者更加重要。B项与此内容相符，其中的more important principles对应录音中的laws and ethical principles，give way to对应place above，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项在录音中有所提及，但并不是例子想要论证的主题，故排除。有人违法一例的重点在于违反法律，而不是没有遵守黄金法则，故C项排除。D项中的first step和responsible citizen在录音中未提及，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Many of them find it rather difficult to manage.
B、They have not seen as much diversity as desired.
C、Many of them have an increasingly diversified staff.
D、They have not quite grasped the concept of diversity.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
19. What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?
解析：B。录音开头提到关于大公司多元化的统计数据，指出在美国一般担任管理者的仍然是白人男性。显然，多元化的愿望尚未变成企业里的现实。B项与此内容相符，其中的have not seen as much diversity as desired对应录音中的the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的difficult进行干扰，但录音中是说很难与一些观点、语言或工作风格不同的人共事，并不是说多元化很难实现，故排除。录音中提到很多大公司都强调多元化的重要性，但没有提到其员工是否正在日趋多元化，故C项排除。录音中未提到大公司是否理解了多元化的概念，故D项排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Initiatives to achieve diversity in large corporations.
B、Advantages and disadvantages of a diversified team.
C、People’s attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.
D、Innovative ideas and solutions resulting from diversity.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
20. What is the newly published study focused on?
解析：C。录音前半部分提到，巴塞尔大学的研究团队就人们对职场多元化的态度发表了一项新研究，C项与此相符，其中的People’s attitudes towards diversity原词复现，at the workplace是对录音中at work的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到研究发现有助于实现多元化，但实现多元化的举措并不是研究的重点，故A项排除。录音中提到多元化的优势，即多元化的价值（value in diversity），但并未提到多元化的劣势，B项的disadvantages在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到新想法（new ideas）和创新的解决方案（innovative solutions），但创新理念和解决方案都是多元化的价值，并不是研究的重点，D项利用细节信息进行干扰，故错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.
B、Employers attach great importance to their corporations’ diversity.
C、Employers differ from employees in their perspectives on diversity.
D、Doubts about the practicability of diversity are gradually disappearing.
解析：
听力原文
Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, (19) [the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.] Why is this? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published (20) [their new study about people’s attitudes towards diversity at work.] They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work. The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person’s own work group is involved, (21) [they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves.] But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions. These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group’s daily work should also take part.
21. What do the findings of the new study show?
解析：A。录音后半部分指出，在涉及到自己的工作团队时，人们往往会选择与自己相似的团队成员（prefer team members who are similar to themselves）。A项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音开头提到许多大公司都在其网站上强调多元化的重要性，但这并不是研究发现的内容，故B项排除。录音中提到多元化的价值取决于决策视角，也就是说是为自己还是为他人做决策，结果是不同的，但并没有说雇主和雇员对于多元化的看法不同，故C项排除。D项利用录音中的Doubts about the practicability of diversity进行干扰，但are gradually disappearing在录音中无依据，故排除D项。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Choosing the best time for signing a business contract.
B、Changing one’s form of communication from time to time.
C、Laying equal stress on written and spoken communication.
D、Using different forms of communication appropriately.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
22. What is a major key to success in international business according to the passage?
解析：D。录音前半部分提到，懂得何时适合从一种沟通方式转换到另一种沟通方式（Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another）是在国际贸易中取得成功的关键，D项与此相符，其中的appropriately对应录音中的appropriate，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的signed、business和contract设置干扰，但录音中并未提到签订合同的最佳时机，故A项排除。录音中提到要适时（when it’s appropriate）转换沟通方式，但并不是说要不时（from time to time）更换，B项曲解原意，故错误。录音中提到了书面沟通和口头沟通这两种沟通方式，但Laying equal stress在录音中无依据，故C项排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are regarded as seriously binding.
B、They are seldom honored by business partners.
C、They are taken as memos of understanding.
D、They are to be confirmed in written form.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
23. What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some Middle East countries?
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，在中东部分地区，你会发现口头协议具有很强的约束力（spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding）。A项是对此内容的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项与录音意思相悖，故错误。C项利用录音中的are taken as memos of understanding设置干扰，但这里说的是书面合同而非口头协议，C项张冠李戴，故错误。D项中的to be confirmed在录音中无依据，故排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has reached the highest level of evolution.
B、It places a high value on written contracts.
C、It regards written contracts as unalterable.
D、It has seen a decline in verbal agreements.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
24. What do we learn about the Western working culture?
解析：B。录音后半部分提到，西方的工作文化往往高度重视书面文字（place a high value on the written word），而书面合同（contracts）最能体现这种重视程度。B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的evolution和D项中的has seen a decline在录音中无依据，故排除这两项。录音中只提到了一些西方国家认为书面合同必须严格依照执行，并没有说不可更改，C项过度引申，故错误。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Its details cannot be renegotiated.
B、It has to be carried out to the letter.
C、It strengthens business partnerships.
D、Its terms may not be strictly binding.
解析：
听力原文
Communication can essentially be divided into two categories: the written and the spoken. How the balance is struck between these two forms of communication—the point at which one needs to be exchanged for another—really depends on individual cultures. (22) [Understanding when it’s appropriate to exchange one form for another can be a major key to success in international business.] Many cultures place a much greater value on the spoken word than the American working culture does. (23) [In parts of the Middle East, you’ll find spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding.] A person’s word is linked to their honor, so verbal agreements are seen as important, whereas written contracts are taken as memos of understanding. (24) [Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word, and this reaches its highest level of intensity when it comes to contracts.] In the US, France and Germany, written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out. By contrast, other cultures may not see written contrasts as quite so binding. It can prove a challenge to Western businesses if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on. For example, (25) [a Japanese firm may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail of it]—particularly if circumstances later change. Such differences in value that different working cultures place on the written word tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships.
25. How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract?
解析：D。录音结尾提到，日本公司在签订合同后可能不会受到合同中每个细节的约束。由此可知，日本公司认为书面合同的条款约束力不强，D项与此相符，其中的may not be strictly binding对应录音中的may not feel bound，Its terms对应录音中的every detail of it，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和B项分别利用录音中的renegotiate和strictly carried out设置干扰，但不愿意重新协商合同条款、认为应该严格依照合同执行的是西方企业，而不是日本企业，故排除这两项。C项利用录音中的business partner和business relationships设置干扰，但录音中说的是对书面文字的重视程度不同会给商业关系带来问题，而不是说书面合同可以加强商业伙伴关系，故C项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
You might think of your teeth as tools, like built-in knives and forks, but if they are mere tools, why do they feel pain and wouldn’t it be better if they could just (26)_____ under any condition? In spite of our (27)_____ discomfort, it turns out there’s a good reason our teeth are so sensitive. Tooth pain is a (28)_____ mechanism that ensures when a tooth is being damaged we’ll notice and do something about it.
If we eat something too hot or too cold, or if the tooth is worn down enough where the tissue (29)_____ is exposed, all of those things cause pain, and then the pain causes the person not to use that tooth to try to protect it a little bit more. So it’s really a protective mechanism more than anything else. If teeth didn’t feel pain, we might (30)_____ to use them in situations that damage them, and for humans, damaging (31)_____ teeth is a problem because, unlike crocodiles, we can’t (32)_____ them.
Teeth have three layers, only one of which—the innermost layer of the tooth—can hurt, as that layer of the tooth (33)_____ both blood vessels and nerves. Pain is the only feeling to which the nerves in that layer respond. Whereas people with tooth sensitivity may complain, for example, of tooth pain (34)_____ by heat or cold, the nerves in the inner layer don’t sense temperature. Rather, they feel pain, which may be (35)_____ with, say, drinking something very cold.
26、(1)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：
名词
adult 成年人；成年动物
chew 咀嚼
defense 防御；保护
mammal 哺乳动物
swallow 吞咽；燕子
underneath 下面；底部
动词
associated (-ed) 联想；联系
chew 咀嚼；嚼碎
contains (-s) 包含；含有
continue 持续；继续
implies (-s) 暗示；暗指
replace 更换；取代
swallow 吞下；咽下
triggered (-ed) 引起；触发
形容词
adult 成年的；发育成熟的
associated 有关联的；相关的
dental 牙齿的；牙科的
downward 下降的；向下的
emotional 情感的；情绪的
副词
downward 朝下地
underneath 在下面；在底下
介词
underneath 在……下面
26. chew
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为if引导的条件状语从句，从句中谓语成分不完整，空格前为could，因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为：如果它们在任何情况下都能____，根据前文可知本句中的“它们”指的是“牙齿”，在动词备选项中，能与牙齿在意思上搭配构成合理语义的只有chew，表示“如果牙齿在任何情况下都能咀嚼”，符合题意，故空格处应填入chew。
27. dental
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为our，空格后为discomfort，因此空格处应填入名词或形容词，修饰discomfort。空格所在句的意思为：尽管我们的____不舒服，但事实证明我们的牙齿如此敏感是有充分原因的。根据后面所说的牙齿敏感可知，这里说的应该是牙齿的不舒服。备选项中，只有dental（牙齿的）填入空格符合句义，故空格处应填入dental。
28. defense
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词mechanism，因此空格处为定语，用来修饰mechanism，所以空格处应填入名词或形容词。空格所在句的意思为：牙痛是一种____机制，结合后面提到的“可确保当牙齿受损时，我们会注意到并采取行动”可知，这是一种防护性机制。在备选项中，只有defense填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“防御机制”，故空格处应填入defense。
29. underneath
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句为where引导的地点状语从句，从句主干成分完整，空格前为tissue，空格后为is exposed，因此空格处应填入分词或副词对tissue进行说明。空格所在句的意思为：牙齿磨损到____组织暴露在外面，备选项中，只有underneath填入空格符合句义，表示“牙齿磨损到下方的组织外露”，故空格处应填入underneath。
30. E) continue
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前为might，空格后为不定式结构to use，因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为：如果牙齿感觉不到疼痛，我们可能会在牙齿受损的情况下____使用它们。动词备选项中只有continue能与to use搭配构成合理语义，表示“继续使用”，故为正确答案。
31. adult
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前面为damaging，空格后为teeth，因此空格处应填入名词或形容词，修饰teeth。空格所在句的意思为：对人类来说，____牙损坏是一个问题，因为我们不像鳄鱼，无法……。根据句意可知，这里是说牙齿的性质，即损坏了就无法再生，也就是我们的恒牙，备选项中只有adult填入空格符合句义，表示“发育成熟的牙齿”，即恒牙，故为正确答案。
32. replace
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为can’t，空格后为them，因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句的意思为：因为我们与鳄鱼不同，无法____它们。根据上一句可知，“它们”指的是“牙齿”，在动词备选项中，只有replace填入空格符合句义，表示“换牙”，故空格处应填入replace。
33. contains
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为as引导的原因状语从句，从句中缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为：牙齿有三层，只有其中一层——牙齿最内层——会疼，因为牙齿的这一层____血管和神经。根据常识可知，有血管和神经才能感觉到疼痛，故空格处应填入与“含有”意思相关的词，动词备选项中只有contains代入空格能构成合理语义，故为正确答案。
34. triggered
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为complain of的宾语成分，空格前为tooth pain，空格后面为by heat or cold，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词，用来说明tooth pain的相关情况。空格所在句意为：尽管牙齿敏感的人可能会抱怨，例如，由热或冷____牙痛。根据第二段开头可知吃冷的或热的食物会导致疼痛（cause pain），因此空格处应填入与“导致”意思相关的词，动词备选项中只有triggered填入空格符合语义，表示“由热或冷引发的牙痛”，故空格处应填入triggered。
35. associated
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为which引导的非限制性定语从句，从句谓语成分不完整，空格前为may be，空格后为with，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词分词形式。空格所在句意为：它们感受到的是疼痛，这可能____喝了过冷的东西。由前文可知，“它们”指的是牙齿内层的神经，由此推测，感到疼痛可能是因为喝了过冷的东西，动词备选项中的只有associated填入空格符合语义，be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，符合题意，故associated为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、emotional
B、replace
C、chew
D、downward
E、continue
F、associated
G、swallow
H、mammal
I、defense
J、contains
K、implies
L、underneath
M、adult
N、triggered
O、dental
解析：见上一题！
How to determine if a company is a good fit for you
【A】On paper, the job seemed perfect for me: The position was completely in line with my degree, the duties and responsibilities were compatible with my interests, and the office maintained a well-stocked kitchen that would satisfy my every snack desire.
【B】Sounds like my dream job, right? There was only one small problem: I simply didn’t get along with the company culture. They favored a more rigid, closed-door, corporate atmosphere, while I would have preferred something more collaborative and open. They were complete clock watchers, while I would have liked a more flexible schedule. To put it plainly, we just weren’t on the same page.
【C】When it comes to looking for a new job, you already know that a big part of the interview process involves the company evaluating whether or not you’re a good fit for their open role. But, it’s important to keep in mind that the employer isn’t the only one who needs to identify a good match—you should be looking for that same exact thing. Company culture can have a big impact on how you feel about your work, so you want to make sure you sign an offer letter with an organization you’re truly excited about.
【D】However, figuring out what a company is like before you actually work there can be a bit of a challenge. Luckily, there are a few things you can do to determine whether or not a company is a good fit for you—before you ever sign your name on that dotted line.
【E】First of all, know what you want. It’s hard to make any decisions when you don’t really know what you’re looking for. So before you can determine whether you and a specific company would be compatible together, it’s important to have a solid handle on what exactly you want from your employer. Many of us have an easier time identifying the things that we absolutely don’t want. If those are the only things you can think of, don’t worry! That’s still a good place to start.
【F】Start by writing down the things you didn’t like about previous employers, as well as the parts you really valued. There’s no wrong answer here—so from big things to small details, write them all down on your list. This will help you immediately identify what you’re looking for in an organization, as well as the things you’re trying to stay far, far away from.
【G】Make sure to do your research. Now comes the part when you put on your detective hat and do a little digging. The Internet will be your best friend when you’re trying to familiarize yourself with a company’s culture before ever walking through their office doors. And where exactly should you look for these culture clues? Start with the most obvious place first: the company’s website. Read through their copy and blog. Do they use formal, direct language? Or is it casual, conversational, and maybe even a little humorous? This can be a big indicator of what sort of atmosphere the company is trying to cultivate.
【H】Next, turn your attention toward their social media outlets. Are they sharing photos of their team’s Thursday afternoon barbeque or Halloween costume contest? Or are their social media accounts strictly reserved for company-related announcements and product launches?
【I】An industry review website like Glassdoor is another spot to check in order to find some insider information about what you can expect about a company. However, remember to take the reviews you read with a grain of salt—many of them are written by scorned (被鄙视的) employees.
【J】Finally, you can never fail with personal connections. Send a quick message to a current or previous company employee on LinkedIn or by email and ask if they would be willing to have a quick conversation with you about the organization in general. If you get a yes to your request for a chat, you’ll be armed with some pretty powerful and helpful information heading into your interview!
【K】Learn more by asking questions. You know that part at the end of a job interview when the hiring manager asks if you have any questions, and you just stare across the table blankly with your mouth hanging open? That’s the perfect opportunity to speak up and get your burning company culture questions answered! So yes, you can definitely ask your interviewer about what it’s like to work for that particular organization. Simple questions like, “What three words would you use to describe the culture here?” or “What’s your favorite part about working for this company?” can reveal a lot about what it’s really like behind closed doors.
【L】Prioritize your values. What does my dream company culture look like? Well, I could come and go as I please, as long as I was getting the work done. My boss would genuinely listen to and value all of my ideas and suggestions. My co-workers would all be friendly with one another, without ever falling into the office gossip trap. The kitchen would have endless options of pizza and cookies. Oh, and they’d give me two months of paid vacation with a very generous salary.
【M】What are my chances of finding all of those things with one employer? Slim to none—believe me, I’ve looked. This is why it’s so important to know which aspects of a company’s culture you value most. Is it an open communication style or a flexible schedule? Focus on the top spots on your priority list, and ensure a potential employer at least checks those boxes. Unfortunately, this is reality, you can’t have everything you want but a few are certainly achievable.
【N】When you’re hunting for a new job, you already know that the employer is trying to decide whether or not you’re a good fit for the position. But you should also look at the process through a similar lens. You may not be the one conducting the actual interview, but you’re still trying to determine whether or not company is a good fit for you.
【O】Keep these tips in mind to figure out whether you and a potential employer are a perfect match or just a recipe (方案) for disaster. After all, it’s a good thing to know before actually accepting an offer.
36、36. Clues about the culture of a company can be found on its website.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：36. 关于公司文化的线索可以在该公司网站上找到。
解析：G。根据题干中的Clues about the culture和website可定位至G段第四、五句。第四句提出一个问题：到底应该去哪里寻找关于这家公司文化的线索呢？第五句给出答案，从最明显的地方开始：公司网站。题干中的Clues about the culture of a company对应第四句中的these culture clues，website原词复现，故题干是对G段第四、五句的同义改写。
37. 在成为公司的一员之前，你很难了解公司的真实情况。
解析：D。根据题干中的difficult、know the real situation和until you become part of it可定位至D段第一句。该句提到，在你真正上班之前想弄清楚一个公司是什么样的，仍然可能是一个挑战。题干中的difficult对应第一句中的challenge，know the real situation in a company是对句中figuring out what a company is like的同义替换，you become part of it是对句中you actually work there的同义替换，故题干是对D段第一句的近义转述。
38. 求职者所有的要求不可能都得到满足。
解析：M。根据题干中的impossible、job applicant和every expectation可定位至M段最后一句。该句提到，很不幸，这就是现实，你不可能拥有想要的一切，根据前文可知其中的you是泛指，表示的是求职者不可能得到自己想要的一切。题干中的impossible...to have every expectation met是对最后一句中can’t have everything you want的同义替换，故题干是对M段最后一句的近义概述。
39. 仅仅通过阅读文字描述，作者发现这个招聘岗位很理想。
解析：A。根据题干中的reading its description、job和ideal可定位至A段第一句。该句中作者提到，从字面上看，这份工作似乎很适合自己。题干中的reading its description对应第一句的On paper，job原词复现，ideal对应该句中的perfect，故题干是对A段第一句的同义转述。
40. 建议求职者列一份清单，写出他们在以前工作中喜欢和不喜欢的地方。
解析：F。根据题干中的a written list、likes and dislikes和previous employment可定位至F段第一句。该句提到，首先写下来你不喜欢前任雇主的地方和你真正看重的地方。题干中的a written list对应第一句的writing down，likes and dislikes对应things you didn’t like和the parts you really valued，previous employment是对句中previous employers的同义替换，故题干是对F段第一句的同义转述。
41. 在面试结束时，求职者应该抓住机会获得急迫问题的答案。
解析：K。根据题干中的At the end of an interview、seize the opportunity和urgent questions可定位至K段。该段建议求职者在面试的最后提出自己的问题，并在第三句提到，这是一次让对方回答你有关公司文化这一迫切问题的绝佳机会。题干中的At the end of an interview对应K段第二句的at the end of a job interview，opportunity原词复现，urgent questions对应第三句的burning...questions，get answers对应get...answered，故题干是对K段第三句的近义总结。
42. 首先，求职者应该清楚他们对未来雇主的期望是什么。
解析：E。根据题干中的be clear、what they expect和future employer可定位至E段第三句。该句提到，在确定某家公司是否适合你之前，重要的是清楚地知道你到底想从雇主那里得到什么。题干中的be clear是对E段第三句中have a solid handle的同义替换，what they expect from their future employer是对句中的what exactly you want from your employer的同义替换，故题干是对E段第三句部分内容的同义转述。
43. 求职者应该以批判的眼光阅读网站上关于公司的信息。
解析：I。根据题干中的a critical eye和what is written about a company可定位至I段。该段第一句提到，对于你想了解的公司，可以在行业评论网站上找到内幕消息，接着第二句又说到，对于看到的评论要持保留态度，因为其中许多评论都是出自公司里受人鄙视的员工。题干中的with a critical eye对应第二句中的with a grain of salt（对某事持保留态度），what is written about a company对应句中的reviews，故题干是对I段第二句部分内容的近义概括。
44. 工作满意度与公司文化有很大关系。
解析：C。根据题干中的Job satisfaction和company culture可定位至C段最后一句。该句提到，公司文化对你的工作感受有很大的影响。题干中的Job satisfaction对应C段最后一句中的how you feel about your work，has a lot to do with对应句中的have a big impact on，company culture原词复现，故题干是对C段最后一句中前半句的同义转述。
45. 在求职者准备面试时，与公司内部人士聊天可以给他们提供非常有用的信息。
解析：J。根据题干中的chat、insider、useful information和interview可定位至J段最后一句。该句提到，如果他们同意你的聊天请求，你一定会获得一些非常有利且有用的信息，能够指引你的面试。这里的“他们”指的是上一句中提到的公司的在职员工或前员工，对应题干中的insider。题干中的chat和interview原词复现，useful information对应定位句中的powerful and helpful information，故题干是对J段最后一句的概括总结。本题有一定干扰性的是I段，该段中出现了题干中的关键词insider、information和company，但这一段主要是说行业网站上的公司内部信息，并没有出现与内部人士聊天的相关内容，故I段排除。
37、37. It can be difficult to know the real situation in a company until you become part of it.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
38、38. It is impossible for a job applicant to have every expectation met.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
39、39. Simply by reading its description, the author found the job offered ideal.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
40、40. Job applicants are advised to make a written list of their likes and dislikes in their previous employment.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
41、41. At the end of an interview, a job applicant should seize the opportunity to get answers to their urgent questions.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
42、42. To begin with, job applicants should be clear what they expect from their future employer.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
43、43. Job applicants should read with a critical eye what is written about a company on the website.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Job satisfaction has a lot to do with company culture.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
45、45. A chat with an insider of a company can give job applicants very useful information when they prepare for an interview.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
解析：见上一题！
Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago. They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace—it is far more compatible for people with busy schedules.
But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a means to fulfil course requirements.
First of all, students lack the desire to learn, and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded easily to accommodate such a large number of students.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.
There is also little interaction amongst students. It can be harder for students to create study groups and form relationships with their peers.
Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection. Not all students have access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a disadvantage.
Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions. However, they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide quality education.
46、46. What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes?
A、They can access course materials easily.
B、They are unmotivated to learn.
C、They can learn at their own pace.
D、They rarely fulfil the course requirements.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的the author和students enrolled in online classes可定位至原文第二、三段。第二段提到，作者注册了一门在线课程，发现在线课程并不像宣传的那么好，只是一种满足课程要求的手段，在第三段中具体说到在线课程的不足，即学生缺乏学习欲望。B项与此内容相符，其中的unmotivated to learn对应第三段中的lack the desire to learn，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第三段中出现的course material进行干扰，但原文是说学生并未真正参与到课程内容的学习中去，并没有说他们的课程资料是否容易获得，A项的access...easily主观臆断，故排除。C项干扰性较强，但这是宣传的（advertised）关于在线课程的好处，并不是作者的观点，故排除。D项利用第二段中的fulfil course requirements进行干扰，但原文是说在线课程只是（merely）一种满足课程要求的手段，并不是说很少有人（rarely）能满足课程要求，故D项排除。
47、47. What does the author think of online course assignments?
A、They are made convenient to mark.
B、They are meant to facilitate interaction.
C、They are based on easily accessible material.
D、They are given to accommodate students’ needs.
解析：
解析：A。根据题目中的online course assignments可定位至原文第四段。该段第一句提到，由于参加在线课程的学生往往超过100人，所以大多数作业都量少而简单。第二句接着说到，这些在线课程作业的目的不是为了让学生与课程资料进行深度互动，而是为照顾到如此庞大的学生人数，方便打分。A项与此内容相符，其中的made convenient to mark是对第二句中designed to be graded easily的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：第四段提到，在线课程作业的目的不是为了让学生与课程资料进行深度互动，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项利用原文中的material和access进行干扰，但原文是说不是所有学生都能获得这些资源，并不是课程资料容易获得，故C项排除。D项利用原文第四段第二句中的accommodate进行干扰，但原文是说照顾到如此庞大的在线学生人数，而不是满足学生的需求，故D项排除。
48、48. What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes?
A、They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
B、They make professors’ offices much less accessible.
C、They tend to increase professors’ burden of responding to students’ emails.
D、They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.
解析：
解析：D。根据题目中的disadvantage of online classes可定位至原文第五、六段。第五段说到在线课程的最大缺点（the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class）是缺乏师生互动，接着第六段又说到，学生之间的互动也很少。对于学生来说，建立学习小组以及与同龄人建立关系会更加困难。D项与此内容相符，是对第六段最后一句中It can be harder for students to...form relationships with their peers的近义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的at irregular times在原文中无依据，故排除。B项利用原文第五段中的professor和office进行干扰，但原文是说教授的开放办公时间对许多学生来说可能不方便，并不是说教授的办公室不容易进入，B项偷换概念，故排除。第五段倒数第二句提到，与教授的大多数互动都是通过电子邮件，但这并不意味着教授回复学生邮件的负担加重，C项过度引申，故排除。
49、49. What problem may arise if classes go online?
A、More students may find it easy to be absent from them.
B、Teachers will worry about poor internet connections.
C、Some students may have difficulty attending them.
D、Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的problem和classes go online可定位至倒数第二段。该段主要是说在线课程需要的条件及可能的问题，第一句说在线课程需要台式电脑或笔记本电脑，以及稳定可靠的网络。第二句说到，不是所有的学生都能获得这些资源，一些学生可能会处于不利地位。也就是说有些学生可能会因为没有这些资源而难以参加在线课程。C项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的be absent from在原文中无依据，故排除。B项利用倒数第二段中出现的a reliable internet connection进行干扰，但原文并没有说老师会担心网络问题，故排除。D项利用倒数第二段最后一句的resources和at a disadvantage进行拼凑，但原文是在说学生，并非学校，故排除。
50、50. What does the author think constitutes a key part of genuine education?
A、Acquisition of useful knowledge.
B、Training of real-life skills on campus.
C、Development of students’ personalities.
D、Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的genuine education可定位至最后一段第二句。该句提到，在线课程无法提供一种真正的教育（a genuine education），因为它只是强调便捷性而不注重批判性思维的培养。也就是说在作者眼里，真正的教育应该把重点放在批判性思维上。D项与此内容相符，其中的analytical thinking ability对应句中的critical thinking，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的useful knowledge、B项的Training of real-life skills和C项的students’ personalities在原文中都无依据，故均可排除。
In the age of the internet, there’s no such thing as a private debate. But is that bad for science? Some scientists have had concerns. When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies, there’s potential for information to be used incorrectly, leading to public confusion; yet, open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public. Recent open debates on scientific research, health, and policy have aroused greater public attention and encouraged more diverse voices. If this trend spurs scientists to agree more quickly about the best solutions to our problems—and at the same time helps the public observe the process of scientific discourse more clearly—then this is good for everyone, including scientists.
A recent debate published in “The New York Times” discussed the question of how quickly medicine should be developed and produced. Issues such as safety of the product and perception of the public were examined and considered. But some experts worried that such public speculation might lead people to believe that disagreement about the details meant a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine.
The anxiety seems misplaced. Gone are the days of going to a conference and debating scientific issues, and that’s good because those gatherings were not diverse enough and excluded many important voices. These days, the public can access debates about science regardless of where they take place.
For many scientists, public debate is a new frontier and it may feel like a place with few restraints or rules, but rather than avoiding such conversations, let the debates be transparent and vigorous, wherever they are held. If the public is to understand that science is an honorably self-correcting process, the idea that science is a fixed set of facts in a textbook needs to be dismissed. With the validity of science coming under attack, there’s a need for scientific debates to be perceived as open and true to life. Let everyone see the noisy, messy deliberations that advance science and lead to decisions that benefit us all.
51、51. What does the author think open debate can do?
A、Help the public to better understand science.
B、Clear up confusion in the scientific community.
C、Settle disputes between universities and government agencies.
D、Prevent information from being used incorrectly by the public.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的open debate和四个选项的关键词可定位至第一段。该段主要是讲公开辩论的利弊。第四句中作者指出，如果公开辩论致使信息被误用，会给公众造成困惑，接着又说到公开辩论的好处：促进科学界和公众之间的交流。在第一段最后一句中又进一步说明，这一趋势能帮助公众更清楚地观察科学论述的过程。由此可知，公开辩论有利于公众理解科学，A项是对此内容的同义概述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用第一段中的confusion进行干扰，但原文说的是如果信息被误用，会给公众造成困惑，并不是科学界的困惑，且Clear up在原文中无依据，故B项排除。C项利用第一段第四句的universities and government agencies进行干扰，但原文是说辩论原本只发生在大学和政府机构大厅里，并不是说两者之间有纠纷，故C项排除。D项利用第一段第四句的be used incorrectly进行干扰，但原文是说公开辩论可能会导致信息被误用，而不是可以防止信息被误用，故D项排除。
52、52. Why did a recent debate published in “The New York Times” arouse concerns among experts?
A、It might hinder the progress in medical research.
B、It might breed public distrust in modern medicine.
C、It might add to the difficulty of getting research funds.
D、It might prevent medical scientists reaching consensus.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的a recent debate和“The New York Times”可定位至原文第二段。该段最后一句提到，一些专家担心，这种公开思辨可能会使人们认为，细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和有效性缺乏足够的科学共识。B项与此内容相符，其中的breed对应句中的lead people to，distrust in modern medicine是对句中a lack of adequate scientific consensus over the safety and efficiency of modern-day medicine的近义概括，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的hinder the progress和C项的research funds在原文中无依据，故均可排除。D项利用原文中的scientists和consensus进行拼凑，但原文是说大众可能认为细节上的分歧意味着对现代医学的安全性和有效性缺乏足够的科学共识，并不是辩论会妨碍医学家达成共识，故D项排除。
53、53. Why does the author say some experts’ anxiety seems misplaced?
A、Debating scientific issues at a conference is now old-fashioned.
B、Diverse topics can be debated by both scientists and the public.
C、Debates about science are accessible to the public anyway.
D、Scientists can voice their opinions whatever way they like.
解析：
解析：C。根据题目中的experts’ anxiety和misplaced可定位到第三段。该段第一句说到这种担心似乎用错了地方，接着在后面解释原因：在会议上进行辩论已经成为过去，而今天，不管科学辩论发生在哪里，公众都能接触到。C项与此内容相符，其中Debates about science原词复现，are accessible to the public是对句中the public can access的同义替换，anyway对应句中的regardless of where they take place，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：第三段第二句提到，通过会议来辩论科学问题的日子一去不复返了，但这不等同于这种做法过时了，而且这也不是专家焦虑错置的原因，故A项排除。B、D两项在文中无依据，故均可排除。
54、54. What does the author suggest scientists do about public debate?
A、Have more discussions about it.
B、Embrace it with open arms.
C、Formulate new rules for it.
D、Restrain it to a rational degree.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的scientists和public debate并结合出题顺序可定位至最后一段第一句。该句指出，对许多科学家来说，公开辩论是一个新的领域，看似没有多少限制和规则，但是无论辩论发生在哪里，与其回避，不如让辩论变得透明而充满活力。由此可知，作者的建议是，科学家应该让公开辩论变得透明而充满活力，也就是欣然接受而非逃避，B项是对此内容的近义概括，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的more discussions在文中无依据，故排除。C、D项分别利用最后一段第一句中的rules和restraints进行干扰，但原文是说公开辩论看似没有多少限制或规则，并没有说制定新规则，也没有说将其限制在合理范围内，故C、D项排除。
55、55. What does the author say about science in the last paragraph?
A、It is transmitted through textbooks.
B、It is what proves valid and true to life.
C、It is a dynamic and self-improving process.
D、It is a collection of facts and established rules.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的in the last paragraph可定位至最后一段。该段第二句提到，如果要让公众明白科学是一个值得尊敬的自我纠正的过程，就应该摒弃“科学就是教科书中一系列一成不变的事实”这一观点。言外之意就是，科学是可以自我纠正、自我完善的。C项与此相符，其中的dynamic and self-improving process是对句中an honorably self-correcting process的近义替换，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用最后一段中的textbook进行干扰，但transmitted在文中无依据，故排除。B项利用最后一段中的validity和true to life进行拼凑，但原文是说随着科学的有效性不断受到攻击，有必要让人们知道科学辩论是开放的、贴近生活的，并不是说它已经被证明是有效和贴近生活的，故B项排除。最后一段中提到，“科学就是教科书中一系列一成不变的事实”这一观点应该摒弃，D项与此相悖，故排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。回家后他对家人说：“今天可真把我累坏了！但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了。”他儿子到地里去一看，禾苗都已死光了。
现在有些家长急于让孩子成功，往往步那个农夫的后尘，搞得孩子苦不堪言，却不见孩子学业长进。这样的家长是否该对这个问题有所醒悟，让孩子自然成长呢？
参考答案：
参考译文
Once upon a time, a farmer was dissatisfied with the slow growth of his seedlings, so he went to the farmland and pulled the seedlings upward slightly one by one. After returning home, he said to his families, “I’m really exhausted today, but I have made the seedlings grow taller.” His son went to the fields and saw that all the seedlings had been dead.
Today, some parents are so anxious for their children to succeed that they often follow in the footsteps of that farmer, making their children miserable, but not seeing their academic progress. Should such parents wake up to this problem and let their children grow up naturally?
解析：
词汇难点
嫌 be dissatisfied with
禾苗 seedling
拔高 pull...upward
累坏 exhausted; be tired out
急于 be anxious/eager for
步……的后尘 follow in one’s footsteps
苦不堪言 miserable
学业长进 academic progress
醒悟 wake up to; come to realize
自然成长 grow up naturally
表达难点
第一句：本句有两个分句，通过分析可知，前后两句存在逻辑上的因果关系，翻译时可用because或so来连接两个句子。“从前”表明事情发生在过去，需要用一般过去时，翻译时可作为时间状语，译为Once upon a time。第二个分句省略了主语“农夫”，翻译时可添加主语用he表示，两个动词“到”和“拔高”可作为并列的谓语。“一点”表示程度，作为状语，可译为slightly或a little/bit。
第二句：本句包含一个直接引语，可直译。引语中有两个存在转折关系的句子，可用but连接，要注意引语内的时态需要与说话时情景一致，第一个句子中因为有一个时间状语“今天”，可用一般现在时，第二个句子表示今天的劳动的成果，可用现在完成时。“回家后”作为时间状语可译为After returning home。
第三句：本句有两个分句，第一个分句中“到地里去一看”包含两个动词，可译为并列谓语，用went to the fields and saw表示，而“看”到的景象则是第二个分句的内容“禾苗都已死光了”，因此翻译时可将第二个分句处理为从句作saw的宾语。
第四句：本句较长，动词较多，可根据句意将前两个分句作为主句，将后两个分句作为并列的状语结构。前两个分句翻译时可采用so...that...结构，表示家长急于让孩子成功而步了农夫的后尘。后两个分句都表示结果，两句之间是转折关系，可用but连接，译为making their children miserable, but not seeing their academic progress。
第五句：本句为是否疑问句，可翻译为一般疑问句，对两方面内容“对这个问题有所醒悟”和“让孩子自然成长”进行提问。两部分提问内容可用and连接，译为wake up to this problem and let their children grow up naturally。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your school library for improving its service. You are to write about its current problems and possible solutions to these problems. You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
To whom it may concern,
I am Li Ming, a senior student in our university. In order to help improve the service of our school library, I am writing to give you some suggestions.
To begin with, the books in the library are very old, which makes it difficult for students to learn about the latest research findings. Therefore, it would be sensible to raise fund for purchasing some new books and keep them up to date. In addition, there are not enough computers in the computer room. It is common to see that many students, who need to search information, have to wait for a computer for a long time. If possible, I sincerely hope that the number of the computers could be increased to improve students’ learning efficiency and save their time.
Hope our library will continue to make improvements. Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
参考译文
致有关人士：
我叫李明，是我们大学的一名大四学生。为了帮助提升我们学校图书馆的服务质量，我写信提出一些建议。
首先，图书馆的书都很旧，这让学生难以了解到最新的研究成果。因此，明智的做法是筹款购买一些新书，并进行持续更新。此外，机房里的电脑的数量是不够的，需要搜索资料的同学经常不得不等很久才能有一台电脑。如果可能，我真诚地希望增加电脑的数量，以帮助学生提高学习效率，节省时间。
希望我们的图书馆继续改进。感谢您抽出时间考虑这件事。
真诚地，
李明
解析：
写作指南
本次写作要求考生给自己学校的图书馆写一封建议书（proposal），以帮助改进图书馆的服务质量。作文可采用信件格式，围绕现有问题和相应的建议展开，首先描述图书馆存在的问题；接着提出能够解决这些问题的建议和措施；最后礼貌总结，提出对图书馆的未来展望。
文章大纲
第一段：自我介绍，说明写信目的。
第二段：指出校图书馆目前存在的问题，并提出相应的建议与措施。
第三段：简短总结，希望图书馆持续改进，并表示感谢。
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