一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、She was pierced by a chicken bone.
B、She was coughing all the time.
C、She suffered from lung cancer.
D、She suffered from shock.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough] was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung. The unnamed woman, from the province of Shandong, started to have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old. For 14 years, she made numerous hospital visits. However, no doctor could identify any problem. Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery. Finally, the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao. This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in her lung. (2) [Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone.] The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully. With the bone finally removed from her lung, the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.
1. What was the woman’s problem?
解析：B。录音开头提到，一名22岁的中国女子长久以来饱受咳嗽之苦。B项与此表述一致，coughing all the time是对录音中a persistent cough的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的a chicken bone进行干扰，但录音中是说得知肺里有一块鸡骨头她很震惊，A项的pierced在录音中无依据，故错误。C项利用录音中出现的suffered和lung进行拼凑，但cancer在录音中无依据，故C项错误。D项利用suffered和shock进行干扰，但录音中是shocked，说的是她很震惊，而不是受到惊吓，故D项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、By eating chicken soup daily.
B、Through regular exercising.
C、Through a surgical operation.
D、By using traditional Chinese medicine.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A 22-year-old Chinese woman who suffered from a persistent cough] was shocked to learn that she had a piece of chicken bone lodged in her lung. The unnamed woman, from the province of Shandong, started to have coughing problems when she was 7 or 8 years old. For 14 years, she made numerous hospital visits. However, no doctor could identify any problem. Her uncontrollable coughing was a mystery. Finally, the woman got a full body scan at a hospital in the city of Qingdao. This special medical procedure revealed she had a chicken bone stuck in her lung. (2) [Doctors performed surgery and removed the bone.] The simple procedure went smoothly and the woman has recovered fully. With the bone finally removed from her lung, the woman is very happy that she no longer suffers from that annoying cough.
2. How was the woman’s problem eventually solved?
解析：C。从录音中可知，女士咳嗽是因为肺里卡了一块鸡骨头，接着又提到，医生为她进行了手术（performed surgery），并取出了鸡骨头。C项中的surgical operation是录音中surgery的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的chicken进行干扰，但录音中是说chicken bone，而不是chicken soup，故A项排除。B项的regular exercising和D项的traditional Chinese medicine在录音中无依据，属于无中生有，故均可排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It was born 13 years ago.
B、It was Alice Gray’s lovely pet.
C、It got injured in a big bushfire.
D、It ran away into a nearby forest.
解析：
听力原文
A white sheep named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bushfires, recently returned home. According to farmer Alice Gray, Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away. The bushfires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property. They thought Prickles had died in the fire. (3) [But instead, the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm.] (4) [Once the fires were over, the family had to fix the damage done to the farm. As it was such a large property, this included rebuilding about 50 kilometers of fencing.] It was this huge fencing that prevented Prickles from finding her way back. Over the years, the family spotted her a few times. They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor deer activity. But while they knew Prickles was alive, they couldn’t find her and never expected her to return by herself. Seven years later, they were proven wrong.
3. What does the news report say about the white sheep Pickles?
解析：D。录音中提到，普力克并没有死在火灾中，它逃到了农场附近占地大约200英亩的森林里。D项与此内容相符，其中的ran away into是对录音中escaped into的同义替换，a nearby forest对应录音中的a 200-acre forest near the farm，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的数字2013进行干扰，但录音中是说2013年的丛林大火中普力克跑走了，并不是说它是13年前出生的，故A项错误。B项利用录音中的Alice Gray进行干扰，但lovely pet在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的bushfires进行干扰，但并没有说它在火灾中受伤了，故C项排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They rebuilt the fencing around their farm.
B、They spent seven years replanting their farm.
C、They claimed damages for their heavy losses.
D、They installed a camera to monitor sheep activity.
解析：
听力原文
A white sheep named Prickles that ran away from an Australian farm during the 2013 bushfires, recently returned home. According to farmer Alice Gray, Prickles was only a lamb when she ran away. The bushfires that hit the area back then destroyed a large part of her family’s massive property. They thought Prickles had died in the fire. (3) [But instead, the young sheep escaped into a 200-acre forest near the farm.] (4) [Once the fires were over, the family had to fix the damage done to the farm. As it was such a large property, this included rebuilding about 50 kilometers of fencing.] It was this huge fencing that prevented Prickles from finding her way back. Over the years, the family spotted her a few times. They even recorded her with cameras installed to monitor deer activity. But while they knew Prickles was alive, they couldn’t find her and never expected her to return by herself. Seven years later, they were proven wrong.
4. What does the family do after the bushfires?
解析：A。录音中提到，大火结束后，这家人不得不对农场造成的破坏进行修复，包括重建大约50公里的围栏。A项与此内容相符，其中的rebuilt和fencing为原词复现，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的Seven years进行干扰，但录音中是说7年后，事实证明他们错了。B项的replanting在录音中无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的damage进行干扰，但录音中说对农场造成的破坏进行修复，没有说对损失要求赔偿，故C项错误。录音中提到，他们安装的摄像机是用来监视鹿的（camera installed to monitor deer activity），并不是说来监督羊群活动，故D项排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、The disappearance of some gold and diamonds.
B、The transfer of tons of precious metal by air.
C、The crash of a Russian cargo airplane.
D、The loss of gold from an airplane.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in mid-air this morning.] The aircraft was carrying £265 million worth of gold and diamonds when the door flew open—sending the precious metal back to earth. According to the official news agency, Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each. The plane was traveling from Yakutsk Airport in a major diamond-producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. (6) [However, the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after it began losing some of its valuable cargo.] Reports suggest some bars of gold was scattered up to 15 miles away from the airport. 9 tons of gold on plane AN-12 belonged to a gold mine company. Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery. (7) [Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to take-off are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.]
5. What is the news report mainly about?
解析：D。录音开头提到，俄罗斯一架货机在半空中出现故障，成吨的黄金从天而降（Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky）。D项与此内容相符，其中的loss of gold from an airplane对应录音中的gold have fallen out of the sky，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，俄罗斯一架货机在半空中出现故障，舱门打开，飞机上的金条和钻石掉落到地面上（back to earth），并没有说金子和钻石消失了，A项曲解文意，故排除。录音中提到一架运输黄金和钻石的飞机，但主要内容是说出现故障，B项的transfer并非主要内容，故排除。C项利用录音中出现的Russian和cargo plane进行干扰，但crash在录音中无依据，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It made an emergency landing.
B、It informed the local police at once.
C、It contacted the goldmine company.
D、It had a crew member fix the problem.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in mid-air this morning.] The aircraft was carrying £265 million worth of gold and diamonds when the door flew open—sending the precious metal back to earth. According to the official news agency, Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each. The plane was traveling from Yakutsk Airport in a major diamond-producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. (6) [However, the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after it began losing some of its valuable cargo.] Reports suggest some bars of gold was scattered up to 15 miles away from the airport. 9 tons of gold on plane AN-12 belonged to a gold mine company. Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery. (7) [Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to take-off are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.]
6. What did the aircraft do when the incident happened?
解析：A。录音中提到，在掉落一些贵重的货物后，飞机在马根紧急迫降（made an emergency landing），A项全部原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的police进行干扰，但informed在录音中无依据，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的goldmine company进行干扰，但录音中是说飞机上的9吨黄金属于一家金矿公司，并未提到是否与金矿公司取得了联系，故C项错误。D项中的a crew member和fix the problem在录音中无依据，故排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They will cooperate with the police.
B、They had checked the plane carefully.
C、They will be questioned by the police.
D、They took some gold bars and diamonds.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [Tons of gold have fallen out of the sky in Russia after a cargo plane malfunctioned in mid-air this morning.] The aircraft was carrying £265 million worth of gold and diamonds when the door flew open—sending the precious metal back to earth. According to the official news agency, Russian authorities have recovered more than 170 gold bars weighing 20 kilograms each. The plane was traveling from Yakutsk Airport in a major diamond-producing region to the city Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. (6) [However, the aircraft made an emergency landing in Magan after it began losing some of its valuable cargo.] Reports suggest some bars of gold was scattered up to 15 miles away from the airport. 9 tons of gold on plane AN-12 belonged to a gold mine company. Police have sealed off the runway and say it is unclear if it was an accident or an attempted robbery. (7) [Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to take-off are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.]
7. What does the news report say about the technical engineers who worked on the plane before take off?
解析：C。录音最后提到，飞机起飞前在飞机上工作的技术工程师将受到警方的讯问（be questioned by the police）。C项与此内容相符，其中的will是are going to的同义替换，be questioned by the police原词复现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的cooperate with the police在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中并未提及起飞前技术工程师仔细检查了飞机，故B项排除。D项利用录音中出现的gold bars and diamonds进行干扰，但录音中并未说技术工程师是否拿了金条和钻石，故D项排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、For the company’s records.
B、For future training purposes.
C、To follow the company’s rule.
D、To ensure information security.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hello, you’re through to customer service. This is Michael speaking. (8) [Before we continue, I just want to make you aware that this call is being recorded and may be used in the future for training purposes.] What can I help you with today?
W: Hi, my name is Jean Seimon. I recently bought an office chair from your company, but I returned it about a week ago. (9) [I’m just calling to inquire when I will be able to get my money back.] It says on your website that your company will pay back the money within three working days of you receiving the returned item. But it’s been five working days and I haven’t received anything.
M: I’m sorry to hear that, Miss Seimon. What’s your customer reference number, please?
W: It’s 389460.
M: OK, 389460. I’m just looking on the system here. And according to our records, the chair you returned was received by our warehouse on Friday morning. The payment was made on Wednesday, but this seems to be a problem with your card number.
W: (10) [My card number? Oh, maybe it has something to do with my new card. It was sent to me on Tuesday.] Maybe the bank canceled my old one before you’ve made the payment.
M: (11) [Well, you’ll need to update your card details directly on our website.] Just make sure you’re logged in, and then under the description of your personal information, you should see an option for updating payment methods.
W: I am logged in, and I’ll give that a go.M: I’ll make a note here on the system for you so that the payment will be made tomorrow morning.
W: Thank you very much.
8. Why does the man have his conversation with the woman recorded?
解析：B。在录音一开头男士就提醒女士通话会被录音，接着说到目的可能是为了以后的培训（in the future for training purposes）。B项与此内容相符，For future training purposes是对录音中in the future for training purposes的同义替换，因此选B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的company和recorded进行干扰，但录音中是说通话会被录音（being recorded），并不是说录音是为了公司记录（records），故A项错误。C项的company’s rule在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中的make sure和information进行干扰，但录音中是说确保登录进去，然后在个人信息栏下面更新支付方法，并没有说确保信息安全，D项细节拼凑，故排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、To check her customer reference number.
B、To inquire about the price of office chairs.
C、To get her money back for the returned chair.
D、To make complaints about its customer service.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hello, you’re through to customer service. This is Michael speaking. (8) [Before we continue, I just want to make you aware that this call is being recorded and may be used in the future for training purposes.] What can I help you with today?
W: Hi, my name is Jean Seimon. I recently bought an office chair from your company, but I returned it about a week ago. (9) [I’m just calling to inquire when I will be able to get my money back.] It says on your website that your company will pay back the money within three working days of you receiving the returned item. But it’s been five working days and I haven’t received anything.
M: I’m sorry to hear that, Miss Seimon. What’s your customer reference number, please?
W: It’s 389460.
M: OK, 389460. I’m just looking on the system here. And according to our records, the chair you returned was received by our warehouse on Friday morning. The payment was made on Wednesday, but this seems to be a problem with your card number.
W: (10) [My card number? Oh, maybe it has something to do with my new card. It was sent to me on Tuesday.] Maybe the bank canceled my old one before you’ve made the payment.
M: (11) [Well, you’ll need to update your card details directly on our website.] Just make sure you’re logged in, and then under the description of your personal information, you should see an option for updating payment methods.
W: I am logged in, and I’ll give that a go.M: I’ll make a note here on the system for you so that the payment will be made tomorrow morning.
W: Thank you very much.
9. What is the woman’s purpose of calling the furniture company?
解析：C。录音中女士提到，最近买了一把办公椅，大约一周前退货了（returned it），打电话只是想问一下什么时候钱能退回来（get my money back）。C项与此内容相符，其中get...money back为原词复现，the returned chair对应录音中的returned it，因此C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的customer reference number进行干扰，但录音中是男士询问女士的客户服务编号，并非女士问男士，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的office chair和inquire进行干扰，但录音中是说女士买了一把办公椅（office chair），打电话是想问（inquire）退款何时能到，并非询问价格，故排除。D项利用录音中的customer service进行干扰，但make complaints在录音中无依据，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She had to update its information.
B、She forgot where she had left it.
C、She lost it about three days ago.
D、She was issued a new card.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hello, you’re through to customer service. This is Michael speaking. (8) [Before we continue, I just want to make you aware that this call is being recorded and may be used in the future for training purposes.] What can I help you with today?
W: Hi, my name is Jean Seimon. I recently bought an office chair from your company, but I returned it about a week ago. (9) [I’m just calling to inquire when I will be able to get my money back.] It says on your website that your company will pay back the money within three working days of you receiving the returned item. But it’s been five working days and I haven’t received anything.
M: I’m sorry to hear that, Miss Seimon. What’s your customer reference number, please?
W: It’s 389460.
M: OK, 389460. I’m just looking on the system here. And according to our records, the chair you returned was received by our warehouse on Friday morning. The payment was made on Wednesday, but this seems to be a problem with your card number.
W: (10) [My card number? Oh, maybe it has something to do with my new card. It was sent to me on Tuesday.] Maybe the bank canceled my old one before you’ve made the payment.
M: (11) [Well, you’ll need to update your card details directly on our website.] Just make sure you’re logged in, and then under the description of your personal information, you should see an option for updating payment methods.
W: I am logged in, and I’ll give that a go.M: I’ll make a note here on the system for you so that the payment will be made tomorrow morning.
W: Thank you very much.
10. What does the woman say about her bank card？
解析：D。录音中女士提到，她在周二收到了新卡，可能在男士公司打款之前银行注销了她的旧卡。D项与此内容相符，其中was issued a new card对应录音中的It was sent to me on Tuesday，此处的It指的就是前一句话中的new card，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中男士提到女士需要更新她的银行卡信息，并非女士自己说的，故A项排除。B项中的forget、C项的lost在录音中无依据，故均可排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Reconsider her options for payment methods.
B、Make a specific note on the company’s system.
C、Update her bank card details on the company’s website.
D、Upload her personal information to the company’s website.
解析：
听力原文
M: Hello, you’re through to customer service. This is Michael speaking. (8) [Before we continue, I just want to make you aware that this call is being recorded and may be used in the future for training purposes.] What can I help you with today?
W: Hi, my name is Jean Seimon. I recently bought an office chair from your company, but I returned it about a week ago. (9) [I’m just calling to inquire when I will be able to get my money back.] It says on your website that your company will pay back the money within three working days of you receiving the returned item. But it’s been five working days and I haven’t received anything.
M: I’m sorry to hear that, Miss Seimon. What’s your customer reference number, please?
W: It’s 389460.
M: OK, 389460. I’m just looking on the system here. And according to our records, the chair you returned was received by our warehouse on Friday morning. The payment was made on Wednesday, but this seems to be a problem with your card number.
W: (10) [My card number? Oh, maybe it has something to do with my new card. It was sent to me on Tuesday.] Maybe the bank canceled my old one before you’ve made the payment.
M: (11) [Well, you’ll need to update your card details directly on our website.] Just make sure you’re logged in, and then under the description of your personal information, you should see an option for updating payment methods.
W: I am logged in, and I’ll give that a go.M: I’ll make a note here on the system for you so that the payment will be made tomorrow morning.
W: Thank you very much.
11. What does the man advise the woman to do?
解析：C。在录音中男士提到，女士需要直接在他们的网站上更新银行卡信息。C项内容几乎全部原词复现，符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的payment methods进行干扰，但Reconsider在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中男士提到，他会在公司的系统里为女士做一个记录（make a note），并非建议女士这样做，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的personal information和company’s website进行拼凑，但录音中是说在个人信息描述（description of your personal information）下面，可以看到一个支付方式的选项，并不是让女士上传她的个人信息，故D项排除。
12、 Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He is feeling exhausted.
B、He is tired of cooking.
C、He has to work late.
D、He wants to try Asian foods.
解析：
听力原文
M: I’m getting a bit hungry.
W: Yes, me too. I’m starving. Are you going to prepare a meal for us?
M: (12) [No, sorry, I’m actually pretty worn out.] Let’s just go out somewhere close to eat.
W: Well, I think we should stay in and save some cash. Can we get a meal delivered?
M: Yeah, great. (13) [I’ll use that food delivery app on my phone.] What do you want, fried chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips?
W: Oh, can we stay away from the junk food? How about something healthy?
M: Okay, well, there’s a place that does salads.
W: Let me have a look at that. Yeah, that looks delicious, but to be honest, I’d prefer something hot, not cold.
M: How about Indian food?
W: (14) [That’s not the kind of hot I mean. I’m just not a fan of sauces that make me sweat and cry.] I need something mild.
M: Okay. So would you consider Mexican? Oh no, sorry, there’s also very hot pepper in that. Would you like some Italian food, perhaps? It’s a bit heavy, but it’s great food for a cold night like this.
W: Pizza? Spaghetti with creamy sauce? I know it’s really tasty and great comfort food, but it’s too fattening for me. I’m trying to keep a slim figure, you know.
M: (15) [Oh, you’re really difficult to please.] Well, there’s a nice Chinese restaurant that delivers.
W: Yes. I love Chinese food. Let me see. Oh it’s 50 kilometers away.
M: That’s a bit too far away. Do you feel like Vietnamese food then?
W: Yeah, awesome. It’s healthy, and we can afford it.
M: Great. Let’s order Vietnamese right away.
12. Why isn’t the man going to cook?
解析：A。在录音开头女士问男士是否要准备做饭，男士给出了否定回答，接着解释说自己太累了。A项与此内容相符，其中的exhausted是录音中worn out的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项中的is tired of表示厌倦，并不是累，故排除。C项中的work late在录音中无依据，故排除。录音后面虽然提到了中国菜和越南菜，但这是男士和女士决定点外卖时的参考，并非男士不做饭的原因，故D项排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Book a table.
B、Order a delivery.
C、Download a menu.
D、Locate a restaurant.
解析：
听力原文
M: I’m getting a bit hungry.
W: Yes, me too. I’m starving. Are you going to prepare a meal for us?
M: (12) [No, sorry, I’m actually pretty worn out.] Let’s just go out somewhere close to eat.
W: Well, I think we should stay in and save some cash. Can we get a meal delivered?
M: Yeah, great. (13) [I’ll use that food delivery app on my phone.] What do you want, fried chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips?
W: Oh, can we stay away from the junk food? How about something healthy?
M: Okay, well, there’s a place that does salads.
W: Let me have a look at that. Yeah, that looks delicious, but to be honest, I’d prefer something hot, not cold.
M: How about Indian food?
W: (14) [That’s not the kind of hot I mean. I’m just not a fan of sauces that make me sweat and cry.] I need something mild.
M: Okay. So would you consider Mexican? Oh no, sorry, there’s also very hot pepper in that. Would you like some Italian food, perhaps? It’s a bit heavy, but it’s great food for a cold night like this.
W: Pizza? Spaghetti with creamy sauce? I know it’s really tasty and great comfort food, but it’s too fattening for me. I’m trying to keep a slim figure, you know.
M: (15) [Oh, you’re really difficult to please.] Well, there’s a nice Chinese restaurant that delivers.
W: Yes. I love Chinese food. Let me see. Oh it’s 50 kilometers away.
M: That’s a bit too far away. Do you feel like Vietnamese food then?
W: Yeah, awesome. It’s healthy, and we can afford it.
M: Great. Let’s order Vietnamese right away.
13. What does the man say he’ll do on his phone?
解析：B。录音中女士提议叫外卖，男士同意，说他要用手机上的外卖APP（food delivery app.），由此可知男士是要用手机点外卖，B项符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的Book a table在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到各种菜式，包括印度菜、墨西哥菜、意大利菜等，但并没有说要下载菜单，故C项排除。D项利用录音中出现的restaurant进行干扰，但男士只是说有一家不错的中餐馆，并没有说要在手机上找一家餐馆，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is not tasty.
B、It is not healthy.
C、It is too oily.
D、It is too spicy.
解析：
听力原文
M: I’m getting a bit hungry.
W: Yes, me too. I’m starving. Are you going to prepare a meal for us?
M: (12) [No, sorry, I’m actually pretty worn out.] Let’s just go out somewhere close to eat.
W: Well, I think we should stay in and save some cash. Can we get a meal delivered?
M: Yeah, great. (13) [I’ll use that food delivery app on my phone.] What do you want, fried chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips?
W: Oh, can we stay away from the junk food? How about something healthy?
M: Okay, well, there’s a place that does salads.
W: Let me have a look at that. Yeah, that looks delicious, but to be honest, I’d prefer something hot, not cold.
M: How about Indian food?
W: (14) [That’s not the kind of hot I mean. I’m just not a fan of sauces that make me sweat and cry.] I need something mild.
M: Okay. So would you consider Mexican? Oh no, sorry, there’s also very hot pepper in that. Would you like some Italian food, perhaps? It’s a bit heavy, but it’s great food for a cold night like this.
W: Pizza? Spaghetti with creamy sauce? I know it’s really tasty and great comfort food, but it’s too fattening for me. I’m trying to keep a slim figure, you know.
M: (15) [Oh, you’re really difficult to please.] Well, there’s a nice Chinese restaurant that delivers.
W: Yes. I love Chinese food. Let me see. Oh it’s 50 kilometers away.
M: That’s a bit too far away. Do you feel like Vietnamese food then?
W: Yeah, awesome. It’s healthy, and we can afford it.
M: Great. Let’s order Vietnamese right away.
14. What does the woman think of Indian food?
解析：D。在录音中男士询问女士印度菜怎么样，女士说这并不是她想要的“hot”，她不喜欢那种让人汗流浃背、辣的尖叫的酱汁，由此可知，女士认为印度菜很辣。D项与此内容相符，其中spicy是录音中hot的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的tasty进行干扰，但这说的是意大利面和披萨，并不是说印度菜，故A项排除。B项利用录音中的healthy进行干扰，但录音中女士是说炸鸡、汉堡和薯条是垃圾食品，并非说印度菜不健康，故B项错误。C项的oily在录音中无依据，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She is too concerned about money.
B、She is too weight-conscious.
C、She is too picky about food.
D、She is too eager to please.
解析：
听力原文
M: I’m getting a bit hungry.
W: Yes, me too. I’m starving. Are you going to prepare a meal for us?
M: (12) [No, sorry, I’m actually pretty worn out.] Let’s just go out somewhere close to eat.
W: Well, I think we should stay in and save some cash. Can we get a meal delivered?
M: Yeah, great. (13) [I’ll use that food delivery app on my phone.] What do you want, fried chicken, hamburgers, or fish and chips?
W: Oh, can we stay away from the junk food? How about something healthy?
M: Okay, well, there’s a place that does salads.
W: Let me have a look at that. Yeah, that looks delicious, but to be honest, I’d prefer something hot, not cold.
M: How about Indian food?
W: (14) [That’s not the kind of hot I mean. I’m just not a fan of sauces that make me sweat and cry.] I need something mild.
M: Okay. So would you consider Mexican? Oh no, sorry, there’s also very hot pepper in that. Would you like some Italian food, perhaps? It’s a bit heavy, but it’s great food for a cold night like this.
W: Pizza? Spaghetti with creamy sauce? I know it’s really tasty and great comfort food, but it’s too fattening for me. I’m trying to keep a slim figure, you know.
M: (15) [Oh, you’re really difficult to please.] Well, there’s a nice Chinese restaurant that delivers.
W: Yes. I love Chinese food. Let me see. Oh it’s 50 kilometers away.
M: That’s a bit too far away. Do you feel like Vietnamese food then?
W: Yeah, awesome. It’s healthy, and we can afford it.
M: Great. Let’s order Vietnamese right away.
15. What does the man think of the woman?
解析：C。在录音中男士说到，女士difficult to please，从录音中可知，男士提供了很多就餐建议，但女士都以各种理由拒绝了，由此可知，男士要表达的意思是她对食物太挑剔了，C项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音开头女士提到的save some cash进行干扰，B项利用录音中女士提到的keep a slim figure进行干扰，但录音中并没有说女士把钱看得太重，或是太在意体重，A、B项过度引申，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的to please进行干扰，但录音中是说她难以取悦，并不是说她太急躁而难以取悦，D项曲解文意，故排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Owners’ personalities affect their cats’ behaviour and wellbeing.
B、Parents’ personalities can affect the personalities of their children.
C、Parents and cat owners alike experience high levels of anxiety.
D、More and more people are treating pet cats like their children.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [A new study carried out by the University of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behaviour and wellbeing of their cats.] The finding suggest that just as a parent’s personality can affect the personality of a child, the same is true for a cat and its owner. Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioural issues. Such cats displayed more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness. They were also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.
The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had calmer, happier, and healthier cats. The researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them. (17) [The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets,] and it’s therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them. The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the wellbeing of our pets. (18) [Further research is needed to investigate the cause or nature of this relationship,] and to look at how owners’ personalities are directly influencing their pets behavior and wellbeing. It is possible that the wellbeing of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner, not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.
16. What do we learn from the new study by the University of Lincoln?
解析：A。录音开头说到，林肯大学的一项新研究发现，猫的行为和健康状况与主人的性格存在某种联系（a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behavior and wellbeing of their cats）。A项是对此内容的同义转述，其中personalities、behaviour和wellbeing原词复现，affect对应录音中的a link between...，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到父母的性格会影响孩子的性格，但这只是一个例子，用来说明猫主人和猫的关系，并不是林肯大学的研究结果，故B项错误。C项利用录音中出现的parents、cat owner和high levels of anxiety进行拼凑，故排除。录音中没有提到人们将猫当做自己的孩子，D项主观臆断，故排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Give their pets behavioural training.
B、Provide their pets with the best care.
C、Know their pets’ feelings and desires.
D、Interact with their pets in novel ways.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [A new study carried out by the University of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behaviour and wellbeing of their cats.] The finding suggest that just as a parent’s personality can affect the personality of a child, the same is true for a cat and its owner. Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioural issues. Such cats displayed more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness. They were also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.
The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had calmer, happier, and healthier cats. The researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them. (17) [The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets,] and it’s therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them. The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the wellbeing of our pets. (18) [Further research is needed to investigate the cause or nature of this relationship,] and to look at how owners’ personalities are directly influencing their pets behavior and wellbeing. It is possible that the wellbeing of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner, not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.
17. What does the passage say most pet owners want to do?
解析：B。录音中间部分提到，大多数主人都想为他们的宠物提供最好的照顾。B项与此内容相符，Provide their pets with the best care是对录音中provide the best care for their pets的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的behavioural进行干扰，但录音中是说主人如果有问题，猫可能也会有行为问题（behavioural issue），并没有说主人想要给宠物进行行为训练，故A项排除。C项中的pet’s feelings and desires在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的interact进行干扰，但录音中是说宠物可能会受到主人与它们互动（interact）和对它们的管理方式的影响，并没有说主人想要寻求新的互动方式，故D项排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、More convincing explanation.
B、More extensive sampling.
C、Collection of more data.
D、Further investigation.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [A new study carried out by the University of Lincoln has found a link between the personalities of cat owners and the behaviour and wellbeing of their cats.] The finding suggest that just as a parent’s personality can affect the personality of a child, the same is true for a cat and its owner. Owners defined as individuals with high levels of anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and loneliness were more likely to have cats with behavioural issues. Such cats displayed more aggressive and anxious behavioral styles as well as more stress related sickness. They were also more likely to have an ongoing medical condition and be overweight.
The research also found that mentally well-adjusted owners had calmer, happier, and healthier cats. The researchers explained that many owners regard their pets as a family member and form close social bonds with them. (17) [The majority of owners want to provide the best care for their pets,] and it’s therefore possible that pets could be affected by the way their owners interact with and manage them. The study highlights an important relationship between our personalities and the wellbeing of our pets. (18) [Further research is needed to investigate the cause or nature of this relationship,] and to look at how owners’ personalities are directly influencing their pets behavior and wellbeing. It is possible that the wellbeing of pets is driven by the underlying nature of the owner, not simply by their conscious decisions and behaviors.
18. What does the passage say is still needed to understand the effects of owners personalities on their pets?
解析：D。录音中提到，需要进一步的研究（Further research is needed）来探查这种关系的原因或本质，这种关系指的就是上一句中主人的性格和宠物的健康之间的关系（relationship between our personalities and the wellbeing of our pets），即题干中的the effects of owners personalities on their pets。D项中的Further原词复现，investigation对应录音中的research，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的convincing、B项的extensive sampling和C项的more data在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、People should do more running than mere walking.
B、Running is the best exercise for extending one’s life.
C、People should exercise at least 60 minutes every day.
D、Running is the easiest form of exercise for most people.
解析：
听力原文
“One 60-minute run can add 7 hours to your life.” This was a claim made by The Times last week. The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running. (19) [The review concluded that on average, runners live 3 years longer than non-runners, and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise.] But there’s more to running than its health benefits. (20) [Research published in recent years has shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways, from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.]
However, the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short, fast running or long distance running. For example, in one study, researchers compared participants’ ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running and after 40 minutes of gentle running. Participants were able to learn 20% faster after the intense running, and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later. (21) [In another study, researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then show them clips from a sad movie.] Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affected by the sad clips, just as you expect. (21) [But crucially, this was less so if they had completed the 30-minutes jog.] The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.
19. What does the new review of studies claim?
解析：B。录音开头提到，跑步60分钟可以增加7个小时的寿命，接着说这是基于一项新研究综述，该综述得出的结论是，跑步比其他任何形式的锻炼都更能延长寿命。B项与此内容相符，其中的the best exercise for extending one’s life是录音中does more to extend life than any other form of exercise的同义转述，故为正确选项。
错项排除：录音并没有对比跑步和散步，A项无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的60-minute进行干扰，但录音中是说跑步60分钟可以增加7个小时的寿命，并没有说人们每天至少应该锻炼60分钟，故C项错误。D项的 the easiest form of exercise在录音中无依据，故排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Improving their brain function.
B、Regulating their breathing rate.
C、Slowing down their ageing process.
D、Accelerating their blood circulation.
解析：
听力原文
“One 60-minute run can add 7 hours to your life.” This was a claim made by The Times last week. The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running. (19) [The review concluded that on average, runners live 3 years longer than non-runners, and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise.] But there’s more to running than its health benefits. (20) [Research published in recent years has shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways, from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.]
However, the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short, fast running or long distance running. For example, in one study, researchers compared participants’ ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running and after 40 minutes of gentle running. Participants were able to learn 20% faster after the intense running, and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later. (21) [In another study, researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then show them clips from a sad movie.] Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affected by the sad clips, just as you expect. (21) [But crucially, this was less so if they had completed the 30-minutes jog.] The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.
20. What is one effect that running has on people according to recent research?
解析：A。录音中提到，近年来发表的研究（Research published in recent years）表明，跑步以一些神奇的方式改变你的大脑和思维，从提高你的大脑功能到调节你的情绪。A项Improving their brain function是对录音中changes your brain and mind和from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions的概括，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的regulating进行干扰，但录音中是说调节情绪，B项的breathing rate在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到跑步可以延长人的寿命（extend life），但这并不等于延缓衰老，C项语义理解偏差，故排除。D项利用常识进行干扰，但这不是最新研究的结果，故错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They found it easy to control their emotions.
B、They struggled to handle negative emotions.
C、They were more eager to enjoy a movie.
D、They were less affected by sad movies.
解析：
听力原文
“One 60-minute run can add 7 hours to your life.” This was a claim made by The Times last week. The claim was based on a new review of studies about the effects of running. (19) [The review concluded that on average, runners live 3 years longer than non-runners, and that running does more to extend life than any other form of exercise.] But there’s more to running than its health benefits. (20) [Research published in recent years has shown that running changes your brain and mind in some fascinating ways, from increasing your brain function to regulating your emotions.]
However, the precise effects vary according to whether you engage in short, fast running or long distance running. For example, in one study, researchers compared participants’ ability to learn new words after several minutes of intense running and after 40 minutes of gentle running. Participants were able to learn 20% faster after the intense running, and they showed a superior memory when tested again a week later. (21) [In another study, researchers asked volunteers to jog for 30 minutes and then show them clips from a sad movie.] Participants who usually struggled to handle negative emotions were more intensely affected by the sad clips, just as you expect. (21) [But crucially, this was less so if they had completed the 30-minutes jog.] The researchers said moderate exercise appears to have helped those participants to be less vulnerable to the impact of the sad movie.
21. What did another study find about the participants after they had a 30 minute jog?
解析：D。录音中提到，在另一项研究中，研究人员要求志愿者慢跑30分钟，然后给他们看悲伤电影的片段，而那些经常需要艰难应对负面情绪的参与者更容易受到悲伤片段的影响，关键是如果他们完成了30分钟的慢跑，这种情况（this）就没那么严重了。录音中的this指的就是上一句的affected by the sad clips，D项与此内容相符，其中的less affected对应录音中的this was less，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，如果他们完成了30分钟的慢跑，这种情况（受悲伤电影影响）就没那么严重了，但不等于很容易控制情绪，A项过度引申，故排除。B项利用录音中的struggled to handle negative emotions进行干扰，但录音中说的是艰难地应对负面情绪的参与者如果慢跑30分钟，情况就没那么严重，并不是说struggled to handle negative emotions是在慢跑30分钟后产生的结果，故B项排除。C项eager to enjoy a movie在录音中无依据，故排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He is a tour guide.
B、He is a famous architect.
C、He is a local entrepreneur.
D、He is the owner of the Hill House.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Welcome to the tour of the Hill House.] This house, built in 1904, is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill, the famous architect. It was designed and built for a local entrepreneur and his family.
(22) [Before starting the tour, let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.] (23) [Prior to beginning his design, the architect spent some time in the client’s old home, observing their life and studying their habits.] This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family. (24) [The client’s main desire was to have a home with unique design,] so the architect was given complete freedom.
The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period. At the time, most large homes were constructed of timber and brick. This one, however, is made of concrete, a novel construction material in those days. The interior of the house, including fittings and furniture, was also designed by the same person. Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition. (25) [However, those pieces in the children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.] Fortunately, all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved, so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.
Let’s begin our tour starting from the rooms.
22. What do we learn about the speaker?
解析：A。录音开头男士说欢迎参观希尔居，接着又说在开始参观之前，先给大家简单介绍一下房子的设计，由此可知，男士是一名带团的导游。A项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的famous architect进行干扰，但录音中说的是设计这座房子的查尔斯·希尔是著名的建筑师，并非讲话者，故B项排除。C、D项分别利用录音中的local entrepreneur、the Hill House进行干扰，但录音中说希尔居的主人是当地的一名企业家，并非讲话者，故C、D两项排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、 He studied the blueprints of other famous buildings.
B、He inquired about his client’s family background.
C、He observed his client’s life and habits.
D、He took a tour of his client’s old home.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Welcome to the tour of the Hill House.] This house, built in 1904, is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill, the famous architect. It was designed and built for a local entrepreneur and his family.
(22) [Before starting the tour, let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.] (23) [Prior to beginning his design, the architect spent some time in the client’s old home, observing their life and studying their habits.] This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family. (24) [The client’s main desire was to have a home with unique design,] so the architect was given complete freedom.
The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period. At the time, most large homes were constructed of timber and brick. This one, however, is made of concrete, a novel construction material in those days. The interior of the house, including fittings and furniture, was also designed by the same person. Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition. (25) [However, those pieces in the children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.] Fortunately, all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved, so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.
Let’s begin our tour starting from the rooms.
23. What did the architect do before beginning his design?
解析：C。录音中提到，在开始设计之前，建筑师花了一些时间在客户的老房子里，观察他们的生活，研究他们的习惯。C项几乎全部原词复现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的studying、blueprints、famous和building进行干扰，但建筑师研究的是客户的习惯（studying their habits），并不是建筑蓝图，A项细节拼凑，故排除。录音中虽然提到了房子的主人是一名当地的企业家，但这是导游对房子进行的介绍，并不是建筑师询问的客户的家庭背景，故B项排除。录音中说建筑师花了一些时间待在客户的老房子里（spent some time in the client’s old home），并不是参观，故D项排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A house made of timber and brick.
B、A house with a lot of free space.
C、A house of the current fashion.
D、A house of a unique design.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Welcome to the tour of the Hill House.] This house, built in 1904, is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill, the famous architect. It was designed and built for a local entrepreneur and his family.
(22) [Before starting the tour, let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.] (23) [Prior to beginning his design, the architect spent some time in the client’s old home, observing their life and studying their habits.] This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family. (24) [The client’s main desire was to have a home with unique design,] so the architect was given complete freedom.
The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period. At the time, most large homes were constructed of timber and brick. This one, however, is made of concrete, a novel construction material in those days. The interior of the house, including fittings and furniture, was also designed by the same person. Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition. (25) [However, those pieces in the children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.] Fortunately, all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved, so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.
Let’s begin our tour starting from the rooms.
24. What did the architect’s client mainly want?
解析：D。录音中提到，客户主要是想（main desire）拥有一个独特设计的家，题干中的mainly want是录音中main desire的同义替换。D项的a unique design原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的timber and brick进行干扰，但录音中说的是当时大部分房子都是木材和砖块建造的，并不是客户想要的，故A项排除。B项利用录音中出现的freedom进行干扰，但录音中是说建筑师有绝对自由（complete freedom），并不是客户想要自由空间，故B项排除。C项利用录音中出现的fashion进行干扰，但录音中说的是房子与当时的流行风格（fashion）不同，C项与此相悖，故排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are well preserved and in pretty good shape.
B、They are copies built to the architect’s designs.
C、They were designed by another architect.
D、They were badly damaged but restored.
解析：
听力原文
(22) [Welcome to the tour of the Hill House.] This house, built in 1904, is one of the most well-known works of Charles Hill, the famous architect. It was designed and built for a local entrepreneur and his family.
(22) [Before starting the tour, let me give you a brief introduction about the design of this amazing building.] (23) [Prior to beginning his design, the architect spent some time in the client’s old home, observing their life and studying their habits.] This meant that he could design the house according to the needs of the family. (24) [The client’s main desire was to have a home with unique design,] so the architect was given complete freedom.
The building style is radically different from what was the fashion of the period. At the time, most large homes were constructed of timber and brick. This one, however, is made of concrete, a novel construction material in those days. The interior of the house, including fittings and furniture, was also designed by the same person. Most of the furniture you will see is original and in good condition. (25) [However, those pieces in the children’s bedrooms are copies built to the designs of the architect.] Fortunately, all the blueprints for both the building and its contents have been preserved, so we’ve been able to replace badly damaged furniture.
Let’s begin our tour starting from the rooms.
25. What do we learn about the pieces of furniture in the children’s bedrooms?
解析：B。录音中提到，儿童卧室里的那些都是仿制品，是按照建筑师的设计重新仿造的。B项几乎全部原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的preserved和in good condition进行干扰，但录音中是说大部分家具是原来的，状况不错，但儿童房的都是仿制品（copies），保存（preserved）下来的并不是儿童卧室的家具，而是建筑蓝图，故A项排除。录音中提到房子的内饰和家具是同一位the same建筑师设计的，C项的another architect与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到损坏严重的家具都被替换了（replace），并不是修复（restored），故D项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
The sheets are damp with sweat. You’re cold, but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street. It was just a nightmare, you tell yourself; there’s nothing to be afraid of. But you’re still filled with (26)_____.
Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be, is there a way for dreamers to (27)_____, or even turn off, these bad dreams as they happen?
Research is (28)_____, but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be (29)_____that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the (30)_____.
Nightmares are part of the human experience, especially for kids. Doctors (31)_____ don’t consider occasional nightmares a problem. They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can (32)_____ from an unpleasant experience, stress, or certain drugs.
To treat the disorder, there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by (33)_____ research, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent (34)_____ published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
However, nightmares are complicated, and researchers are still struggling to understand them, said Dr. Rachel Salas, an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore. What we do know is that people (35)_____ to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.
26、(1)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：
名词
amount 数量；数额
answer 答复；回答
fear 害怕；担忧
result 后果；结果
review 审查；评论；综述
timidity 胆怯；胆小
动词
amount 总计；共计
answer 答复；回答
avoid 避免；防止
depart 离开；偏离
fear 害怕；担忧
limited (-ed) 限制；限定
result 致使；引起
review 审查；评论；复习
tend 倾向于；往往
形容词
aware 知道；意识到
limited 有限的
mechanical 机动的；机械的
rigorous 谨慎的；细致的
副词
drastically 急剧地；极其
typically 通常；典型地
26. fear
解析：名词辨析题。空格处位于be filled with结构后，因此空格处应填入名词作with的宾语。上一句说到，噩梦没什么可怕的，下一句紧接着说，但你仍然充满____，根据But和still可知，空格处的名词与前面的“可怕”（afraid of）意思相近。名词备选项中只有fear表示“恐惧”符合语义。
27. avoid
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为to，根据前面的a way for dreamer to可知to为不定式符号，所以空格处应填入动词原形。根据空格所在句意，在噩梦发生时，做梦的人有没有办法____，或者说甚至是“关掉”它呢，由or even表示程度加深的意思可知，空格处应该填入与turn off意思相关的单词，动词备选项中只有avoid代入空格符合题意，表示“避开噩梦”。
28. limited
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不完整，空格前为is，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。根据空格后的but可知，前后两句话之间存在意思上的转折，空格后面说到，一些研究（studies）表明……，可知前面一句话中的Research可能说明不了什么，所以空格处应填入相关的表示负面的词。备选项中只有limited有此含义表示“有限的”，代入空格意为，“研究有限”，符合题意。
29. aware
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在部分位于两个破折号中间，属于插入语，根据that is可知是对前面内容的解释，空格前为be，空格后为that引导的从句，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格前面提到了能够掌握清醒梦的人，空格所在句意为，能够____到噩梦正在发生，甚至能够在不醒来的情况下控制噩梦的人，根据插入语的解释属性可知前后说的内容是一样的，前面说掌握清醒梦的人，也就是说人在梦中是有意识的，即能够意识到梦的发生，备选项中只有aware填入空格符合题意，表示“能够意识到噩梦正在发生”。
30. answer
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the，空格后没有内容，因此空格处应填入名词。空格所在句被插入语分开，做题时应将其还原为，people who can master lucid dreaming may hold the ____，从前文可知作者提出了一个问题：做梦的人有没有办法避开，或者说甚至是“关掉”它们呢？空格所在句即是对这个问题的回答，根据句意，能够掌握清醒梦的人可能掌握着____，名词备选项中代入空格能构成合理语义的只有answer，hold the answer表示“拥有答案”。
31. typically
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，因此空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为，医生____不会把偶尔做噩梦当做一个问题，根据上一句话说到的噩梦是人类经历的一部分可知，医生一般情况下应该是不会将噩梦当做一个问题的。副词备选项中只有typically代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“通常”。
32. result
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为that引导的定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，空格前为can，空格后为from，因此空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句意为，它们可能只是睡眠障碍的症状____不愉快的经历、压力或某些药物，很容易看出空格前后为因果关系。动词备选项中能够与from搭配构成合理语义的只有result，result from为固定搭配表示“由……引起的”，代入空格符合题意。
33. rigorous
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为by，空格后为research，因此空格处应填入形容词做research的定语。空格所在句意为，对于这种睡眠障碍的治疗，有许多药物和疗法得到了____研究的支持，形容词备选项中能够修饰research构成合理语义的只有rigorous，代入空格表示“严谨的研究”，符合题意。
34. review
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，空格处于地点状语in a recent____，结构中缺少中心词，因此空格处应填入名词，作介词in的宾语。根据空格后的后置定语published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine（发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上）可知，空格处应填入与“文章、研究”意思相关的词语，名词备选项中能与published搭配构成合理语义的只有review，表示“综述”。
35. tend
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为that引导的表语从句，从句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。空格所在句意为，在睡眠周期的不同阶段，人们____会做不同类型的噩梦。动词备选项中能够与后面的to搭配构成合理语义的只有tend，tend to为固定搭配表示“往往会，倾向于”，符合题意。
27、(2)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、rigorous
B、answer
C、review
D、amount
E、result
F、avoid
G、typically
H、depart
I、timidity
J、limited
K、mechanical
L、tend
M、fear
N、aware
O、drastically
解析：见上一题！
There’s a stress gap between men and women
【A】“I used to work very hard. I love to create things, grow them and solve problems,” said Meng Li, a successful app developer in San Francisco. “I didn’t really care about my mind and my body until they decided to go on strike.”
【B】Ms. Li said her stress led to sleeplessness. When she did sleep, she experienced “problem-solving dreams,” which left her feeling unrested when she woke up. “After l became a first-time mother, I quickly realized I was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I’d lost myself,” she said.
【C】It’s a common story—one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss, for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men, despite the growing sum of research that underlines the problem. Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men, according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior. The American Psychological Association reports a gender gap year after year showing that women consistently report higher stress levels. Clearly, a stress gap exists.
【D】“The difference is not really news to me, as a clinical psychologist,” said Erin Joyce, a women and couples therapist in Los Angeles. “It’s been well documented in extensive research over the years that prevalence rates for the majority of the anxiety disorders are higher in women than men.” Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home. In other words, we’re all really, really stressed.
【E】“The difference, however, is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home environment in particular,” Dr. Joyce said. For example, the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men. The problem is, housework is often overlooked as work, even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases, more so) as any paid job. As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that “housework is not work, thus preventing women from struggling against it.”
【F】It’s not just inside the home, though. Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to display “surface acting,” or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt. “They expressed optimism, calmness and empathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling,” the study said.
【G】Surface acting is a prime example of “emotional labor,” a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay. The essay sparked a massive thread on the internet community blog MetaFilter. Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don’t do them. Like domestic labor, emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work. But research shows it can be just as exhausting as paid work. Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict. Sure, circumstantial stress, like losing a job, may lead to these same issues. But emotional labor is not circumstantial. It’s an enduring responsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.
【H】Like Ms. Li, many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr. Joyce said was an unattainable ideal. “Some professional women aim to do it all. They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom,” she said. When women don’t reach this ideal, they feel guilty; and even more stressed. After her own struggle with this, Ms. Li took a step back and used her experience to build Sanity & Self, a self-care app and platform for overworked women. “The realizations I had in that process helped me gain insights and ultimately got me ready to integrate self-care into my daily life,” she said.
【I】The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress, anxiety and heart health. Worse, most of what we know about heart disease comes from studies involving men. However, “there are many reasons to think that it’s different in women,” Harvard Medical School reported. For example, women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack. Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress. Many women also do not experience chest pain before a heart attack the way men do, which leads to fewer women discovering problematic heart issues. Harvard reports that women are “much more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack” and “many women say their physicians sometimes don’t even recognize the symptoms.”
【J】The good news is, women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it, the American Psychological Association reports. The concept of self-care, at its core, is quite simple. “The basics of adequate sleep, healthy diet and exercise are a good place to start,” Dr. Joyce said. “Support from trusted relationships is vital. This includes professional support from various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming.”
【K】Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it’s much easier said than done. It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place. “Get really specific with what’s stressing you out,” Ms. Li said. “We often chalk up our stress to broad experiences like work. But work stress can take many different forms. Is a colleague being disrespectful of your time? Is a boss undermining your day-to-day control over decision making? These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care.”
【L】Ideally, your spouse or partner will be supportive, rather than dismissive, of your stress. It is important to talk through these issues before they come to a head. “Women working outside of the home should make an effort to have a conscious conversation with their partners about more equitable sharing of household and family responsibilities,” Dr. Joyce said.
36、36. Some career women who aim high tend to feel guilty if they fail to achieve their goals.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：36. 一些有抱负的职业女性如果未能实现目标，往往会感到内疚。
解析：H。根据题干中的career women、feel guilty和fail to achieve可定位至H段第二、三句。这两句主要是说，一些职业女性的目标是做到这一切。当女性达不到这个理想时，她们会感到内疚。题干中的career women是第二句中professional women的同义替换，aim high对应该句中的aim to do it all和want to reach the top，fail to achieve是第三句中don’t reach this ideal的同义替换，feel guilty原词复现，故题干是对H段第二、三句的同义概述。
37. 女性做的无偿家务是男性的三倍。
解析：E。根据题干中的unpaid housework和triple可定位至E段第二句。该句主要是说，联合国报告称，女性做的无偿家务几乎是男性的三倍。题干中的unpaid housework是第二句中unpaid domestic work的同义替换、triple是该句中的three times的同义替换，故题干是对E段第二句的同义转述。
38. 据报道，女性长期承受着比男性更严重的压力。
解析：C。根据题干中的It is reported、suffer和severe stress可定位至C段第二、三句。这两句提到，根据2016年发表在《大脑与行为杂志》上的一项研究，女性遭受严重压力和焦虑的可能性是男性的两倍，美国心理协会的报告显示，年复一年的性别差距表明，女性的压力水平一直更高。题干中的It is reported对应句中的a 2016 study和The American Psychological Association reports，suffer more from severe stress对应第二句twice as likely to suffer from severe stress，consistently原词复现，故题干是对C段第二、三句的同义概述。
39. 建议女性找出压力的具体原因，以便采取措施应对压力。
解析：K。根据题干中的the specific causes of their stress和steps can be taken可定位至K段。该段主要是讲，了解是什么导致了压力是很重要的，要非常明确是什么让人感到压力，接着又举例说明压力的不同原因，还指出这是可以从不同的自我护理中受益的。题干中的specific、causes、stress原词复现，steps can be taken to deal with it对应最后一句These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care，故题干是对K段部分内容的近义概括。
40. 一项研究表明，女性管理者经常表达自己没有真正感受到的积极情绪。
解析：F。根据题干中的women managers、positive emotions和they didn’t really feel可定位至F段第二、三句。这两句提到，诺瓦东南大学的研究发现，女性管理者比男性管理者更有可能表现出“表层行为”，接着进行解释：他们表现出了乐观、冷静和同理心，即使这些不是他们真正感受到的情绪。题干中的One study对应第二句中Research from Nova Southeastern University和第三句中的the study，women managers和expressed原词复现，positive emotions是对第三句中的optimism, calmness and empathy的概括，they didn’t really feel对应句中these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling，故题干是对F段第二、三句的近义概述。
41. 女性往往把心脏病发作的症状误认为是压力的症状。
解析：I。根据题干中的signs of heart attacks和symptoms of stress可定位至I段第四、五句。这两句主要是说，女性在心脏病发作前更有可能经历睡眠不安、焦虑和异常疲劳。压力过于正常化，以至于女性很容易将这些症状视为压力的后果，而不加理会。题干中的signs of heart attacks即第四句的disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue，symptoms of stress对应第五句的the consequences of stress，题干是对原文I段第四、五句的近义概括。
42. 美国的一位应用程序开发人员有一段时间忙于工作和家庭，以至于失眠。
解析：B。根据题干中的an app developer、busy attending to work and family和sleeplessness可定位至B段。第一句提到，李女士说她的压力导致了失眠。题干中的an app developer即李女士，根据A段可知李女士就是Meng Li, a successful app developer，sleeplessness原词复现，busy attending to work and family对应第三句中的busy caring for other people and work，故题干是对原文B段部分内容的同义概述。
43. 女性付出的情感劳动只有在没人做时才会被注意到。
解析：G。根据题干中的emotional labor、noticed和not done可定位至G段第三、四句。这两句指出，成百上千的女性讲述了她们自己在情感劳动方面的经历：人们期望她们承担职责，却又忽视这一情况。这些无形的责任只有在不去做的时候才会显现出来。题干中的emotional labor原词复现，noticed对应第四句中的apparent，when it is not done是对when you don’t do them的同义替换，题干是对原文G段第三、四句的近义改写。
44. 乔伊斯博士建议，除了自我护理外，女性在经历严重压力时还应寻求专业支持。
解析：J。根据题干中的Dr. Joyce、professional support和experience severe stress可定位至J段最后两句。这两句直接引用乔伊斯博士的话：充足的睡眠、健康的饮食和锻炼是一个很好的起点。来自信任关系的支持至关重要。如果压力越来越大，还要寻求来自各种健康和保健渠道的专业支持。题干中的self-care是对倒数第二句中的adequate sleep, healthy diet and exercise的概括，professional support原词复现，experience severe stress对应最后一句中是stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming，故题干是对J段最后两句部分内容的同义转述。本题有一定干扰性的是L段，L段出现了Dr. Joyce、supportive和stress等与题干重合度较高的词，但重点是在讨论与配偶或伴侣的沟通，并没有提到专业支持（professional support），故L段排除。
45. 有些人认为男女之间可能不存在压力差距。
解析：D。根据题干中的Some people和may not exist a stress gap可定位至D段倒数第二句。该句提到，有些人可能会说，这只是报告的数据，而且在履行工作和家庭责任方面，许多男性和女性感到同样的压力。题干中的Some people believe对应该句中的Some people may argue，not exist a stress gap between men and women对应该句中的men feel the same pressures as women，题干是对原文D段倒数第二句的同义转述。
37、37. The unpaid housework done by women is triple that done by men.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
38、38. It is reported that women consistently suffer more from severe stress than men.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
39、39. Women are advised to identify the specific causes of their stress so that steps can be taken to deal with it.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
40、40. One study showed that women managers often expressed positive emotions that they didn’t really feel.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
41、41. Women tend to mistake signs of heart attacks for symptoms of stress.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
42、42. For a time an app developer in America was so busy attending to work and family that she suffered from sleeplessness.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
43、43. The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Dr. Joyce suggests that apart from self-care, women should seek professional support if they experience severe stress.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Some people believe that there may not exist a stress gap between men and women.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
As many office workers adapt to remote work, cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized. Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?
Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work. However, these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
Unless employees are fully compensated, this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism, whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm, rather than on generating new value.
Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates, others note the loneliness, reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
If working from home becomes permanent, employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work. This requires purchasing desks, chairs and office equipment.
It also means having private space dedicated to work: the space must be heated, cleaned, maintained and paid for. That depends on many things, but for purposes of illustration, I have run some estimates for Montréal. The exercise is simple but important, since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.
What does this mean for offices in cities? One of two things may happen: Employers pass these costs onto employees. This would be a form of expropriation (侵占), with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer. This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
When employees are properly compensated, employer’s real estate savings will be modest. If savings are modest, then the many advantages of working in offices—such as lively atmosphere, rapidity of communication, team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees—will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and, like Yahoo in 2013, encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.
46、46. What does the author say about working from home?
A、It will become the norm sooner or later.
B、It requires employees to adapt promptly.
C、It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
D、It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的working from home和题文同序原则可定位至文章前几段。第一段末尾提到，如果在家工作（working from home）成为常态，谁会受益？接着在第二段给出答案，雇主称，工作人员从办公室转到家中工作时，他们在房地产方面节省了大量资金。接着作者发表自己的观点：然而，这些节省下来的费用是由于将成本转嫁给了工作人员。C项符合题意，其中It benefits employers对应第二段第二句的these savings，即节省下来的房地产方面的费用，at the expense of employees对应第段第二句中的passing costs on to workers，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第一段第二句中的becomes the norm进行干扰，但原文是在说一种假设（if），并不是说在家工作迟早会变成常态，故排除A项。B项利用第一段开头的adapt进行干扰，但原文是描述一个事实（As），并不是说在家工作要求员工迅速适应，故B项错误。D项利用第一段中的cities进行干扰，但原文是说如果办公室仍然没有得到充分利用，城市可能会发生根本性的变化，并没有说城市会改造其基础设施，故D项排除。
47、47. Why do some people oppose working from home?
A、It discourages team spirit.
B、It invades employees’ privacy.
C、It undermines traditional values.
D、It negatively impacts productivity.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的oppose working from home可定位至文章第四段。由第四段的Though（虽然）的转折关系和are backed（支持）可知，第四段后半部分是讲反对在家工作的人的观点，该句提到，远程工作的扩展带来了孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下。D项与此内容相符，其中working from home对应该句的remote work，impacts productivity对应该句的reduced productivity，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A、B、C三项利用文中的个别词team、private、value进行干扰，但文中说的是团队建设（team-building），私人空间（private space）和创造的价值（value），并非team spirit、employee’s privacy和traditional values，故A、B、C三项错误。
48、48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montréal?
A、To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
B、To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
C、To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
D、To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的estimates for Montréal可定位至原文第六段第二、三句。这两句指出，作者为了便于说明，以蒙特利尔为例进行了一些估算，这项工作虽然简单，但很重要，因为它将这些成本从臆测领域带到了有意义的讨论领域。由此可知，作者对蒙特利尔进行估算是为了脱离臆测，使讨论有意义，A项与此内容相符，故正确。
错项排除：B项的利用第六段第二句的illustrate进行干扰，但working patterns在文章中无依据，故排除。文章第四段中虽然提到远程工作对生产力的影响，但这是反对远程工作人士的观点，并非作者对蒙特利尔进行估算的原因，故C项错误。D项的affects the economy在文中无依据，故排除。
49、49. What can we conclude from the author’s calculations?
A、There is no point in transferring office work to working from home.
B、Employees can benefit as much from remote working as their employers.
C、Employers’ gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.
D、Effective measures should be taken to motivate employees to set up offices at home.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的author’s calculations可定位至原文第七段。该段提到，粗略计算表明，员工在家办公为雇主节省的费用，与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额（the compensation workers should receive）相当。由此可知，作者认为，远程工作为公司节约了房地产方面的成本，员工因此而在家设立办公室的行为是应该获得补偿的，C项与此内容相符，其中gain from remote working对应第七段的the savings made by employers when their staff works from home，compensation原词复现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：文中一直围绕 transferring office work to working from home展开，但A项中的no point在文中无依据，故排除。文中多次提到远程工作可以为雇主节省房地产方面的资金，第八段提到这是将成本转嫁到员工身上，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。D项利用第七段的setting up offices at home进行干扰，但文中并没有说要激励这种行为，故D项排除。
50、50. What is the author’s opinion on working from home?
A、It should be avoided if possible.
B、It is only a temporary measure.
C、It can reduce companies’ real estate costs.
D、It may affect employees’ corporate loyalty.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中the author’s opinion和题文同序原则可定位至原文最后一段。该段主要是讲，远程办公如果补偿雇员，雇主利润就不会太多了。这种情况下，在办公室工作的许多优势就会凸显出来。最后一句中提到应该像2013年的雅虎一样，鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公空间工作（encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space）。由此可推断出，作者的态度是鼓励在办公室工作，也就是避免在家工作，A项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项的temporary在原文中无依据，故排除。文章中提到在家办公会为雇主降低成本的事实，但后来作者又指出这是一种侵占行为，故C项排除。D项的employees’ corporate loyalty在文章中无依据，故排除。
The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically (内在地) motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
51、51. What does the author say about curiosity?
A、It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
B、It is the force that pushes human society forward.
C、It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
D、It is often the major cause for human failures.
解析：
解析：B。根据curiosity和题文同序原则可定位至原文第一段。第一句提到，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展的驱动力，后面又说到好奇心也可能是危险的，会导致挫折甚至失败，与上一句好奇心有利的方面形成对比。B项与第一句内容相符，第一句中的thirst for knowledge对应curiosity，the driving force behind our successful development对应B项的the force that pushes human society forward，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文第一段最后一句提到，考虑其复杂性（complexity），科学家们（scientists）发现很难定义好奇心，并不是说好奇心太复杂非科学家难以理解，故A项排除。第五段第二句说到，好奇心是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是成年人类探索和寻找新事物的动力，由此可知，好奇心并非人类所特有，故C项排除。第一段第二句虽然提到，好奇心也可能是危险的，但并没有说好奇心是人类失败的主要原因，故D项排除。
52、52. What is the general understanding of curiosity?
A、It motivates people to seek information.
B、It is destined to transform human genes.
C、It does people more good than harm.
D、It underlies all human behaviors.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的general understanding可定位至原文第二段第一句。该句提到，虽然要确切说明一个定义已被证明很难，但普遍的共识是，它是收集信息的某种手段。题干中的general understanding是该句中general consensus的同义替换，A项的seek information对应该句中的information gathering，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用原文中多次出现的human和genes进行干扰，但transform在文中无依据，故B项排除。C项的more good than、D项的underlies all human behaviors在文章都无依据，故均可排除。
53、53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?
A、They determine people’s way of thinking.
B、They account for age differences in learning.
C、They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
D、They work in conjunction with the environment.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的genes shape people’s behavior可定位至原文第三段最后一句。该句指出，基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个人并引导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。D项与此内容相符，其中的work in conjunction对应该句中的interact in many complex ways，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的people’s way of thinking在文章中无依据，故A项错误。文章中虽然提到了婴儿和成年人，但并没有说明他们学习上的差异，故B项排除。C项利用第四段中的gigantic task进行干扰，但原文只是说好奇心是人类完成这项艰巨任务的工具之一，“这项艰巨任务”指的是前面提到的“在短时间内学习大量信息”，并不是说“大量任务”，C项语义理解偏差，故排除。
54、54. What do numerous studies show about infants?
A、They are far more curious than adults.
B、They prefer to go after all that is novel.
C、They have different interests than adults.
D、They show non-human animal behaviors.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的numerous studies和infants可定位至原文第五段第一句。该句提到，数百项研究（numerous studies）表明，婴儿喜欢新奇事物胜过（旧事物）。B项与此内容相符，其中prefer原词复现，all that is novel是该句中novelty的同义替换，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：文章中虽然提到了婴儿、动物、成年人的好奇心，但并没有对比婴儿和成年人的好奇心，故A项排除。C项的interests在文章中未提及，故排除。D项利用文中出现的non-human animal和behaviors进行干扰，但两词在文中并无关联，故D项排除。
55、55. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?
A、The cost of humans’ curiosity to explore.
B、The incredible harshness of cold weather.
C、The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
D、The importance of learning from past failures.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的the Inuit people of the Arctic regions可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。接着举北极地区的因纽特人的例子来说明，他们中数万人曾经试图在这些极具挑战性的环境中生存，但都失败了。由此可知，作者用因纽特人举例是为了说明好奇心有时需要付出的代价。A项与此内容相符，其中的curiosity to explore对应最后一段第一句中的testing out a new idea，cost对应该句中的disaster，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用最后一段第二句的incredible进行干扰，但文中说的是因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候中的挑战，并不是难以置信的寒冷天气，故B项排除。C项利用第一句中的idea进行干扰，但原文是说测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难，并不是新想法源于好奇心，故C项排除。D项的learning from past failures在原文中无依据，故排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 坎儿井（Karez）是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将春夏季节渗入（seep into）地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发（evaporation），对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。
参考答案：
参考译文
Karez is a water conservancy system in the dry area of Xinjiang. It consists of wells connected by underground channels. The system collects a large amount of rainwater and snowmelt that seep into the ground in spring and summer, and draws it to the ground surface through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate farmland and meet people’s daily water needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground surface and does little damage to the ground surface, thus effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. Karez embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of our people and nature, and is a great contribution to human civilization.
解析：
词汇难点
干旱地区 dry/arid area/region
水利系统 water conservancy system
地下渠道 underground channel/canal
积雪融水 snowmelt
自然坡度 the natural slope
引到地面 draw/drain/divert...to the ground
灌溉农田 irrigate farmland
地表 ground/land surface
自然资源 natural resources
生态环境 ecological environment
体现 embody; reflect
和谐共存 harmonious coexistence; coexist in harmony
人类文明 human civilization
一大贡献 a great/major contribution
表达难点
第一句：本句都是在说坎儿井，翻译时可分为两个句子。第一个句子较简单，顺序直译即可。第二个句子可以添加主语It，用“由……而成”作为谓语，需要注意坎儿井本质上是由一系列井构成的，可译为“It consists of wells...”，而“地下渠道将水井连接”可理解为“这些井是由地下渠道连接的”，处理为分词短语作状语，译为connected by underground channels。
第二句：本句较长，翻译时需要理清逻辑关系，可确立句子主干“系统将……水收集起来，……引到地面”，用and连接两个并列谓语“收集”和“引”，译为The system collects...and draws...。“春夏季节渗入（seep into）地下的”可处理为定语从句修饰“大量雨水及积雪融水”，译为a large amount of rainwater and snowmelt that seep into the ground in spring and summer。“用于……”作为目的状语，可译为to irrigate farmland and meet people’s daily water needs。
第三句：本句逻辑较为清晰，句子主干为“坎儿井减少……破坏……”，其中动词“减少”和“破坏”可作为句子并列谓语，译为Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground surface and does little damage to the ground surface。“因而……”翻译时可处理为分词结构作结果状语，译为thus effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment。
第四句：本句有两个动词“体现”和“是”，可作为句子的并列谓语用and连接。需要注意本篇中描述的坎儿井的一些情况，由于现在仍在使用，所以通篇用一般现在时即可。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: Suppose you have just participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus. You are now to write a report about the project, which may include its aim, organizers, participants and activities. You will have 30 minutes to write the report. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
A Report on the Collection of Used Books
Last week, a project of collecting used books was held in our school, aiming to gain students’ attention to second-hand books and inspire them to make the best of used things.
The project was launched by the Student Union and the University Library last Monday and ended on Sunday, lasting for a whole week. It was started from registering basic personal information online, including name, department and the number of books one would like to give away. Then students could bring their books to the Student Activity Center at any time from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. during the activity, after which they could get some gifts such as pens and notebooks. There were more than 500 students participating in the activity and more than 1000 books were collected.
The books would be placed at the Student Activity Center and be available to all students. This project has achieved a complete success, which not only helps students to cultivate the awareness of recycling, but also provides a platform for students to share resources.
参考译文
关于旧书收集活动的报告
上周，我们学校举办了一个收集旧书的项目，旨在引起学生对二手书的关注，并激励他们充分利用旧的东西。并取得了巨大的成功。
该项目由学生会和校图书馆于上周一发起，周日结束，持续了整整一周。它是从网上登记个人基本信息开始的，信息包括姓名、学院和想要赠送的书籍数量。然后，学生可以在活动期间每天上午8:00到下午17:00之间的任何时间将他们的书带到学生活动中心，之后他们可以得到钢笔和笔记本等礼物。有500多名学生参加了这次活动，收集了1000多本书。
这些书会放置在学生活动中心，可供所有学生使用。这一项目取得了圆满成功，它不仅有助于学生培养循环利用的意识，还为学生提供了一个资源共享的平台。
解析：
写作指南
从题干内容可以看出，本次四级考试的作文要求考生写一份项目报告，内容主要是关于大学校园旧书的收集。要求考生在报告中说明项目的目的、组织者、参与者以及具体的活动。考生可以采用“三段式”结构，第一段引出话题，指出目的，第二段描述细节，包括组织者、参与者和具体活动，第三段总结。
文章大纲
第一段：引出话题，表明收集旧书项目的目的。
第二段：具体描述项目的组织者，参与者和活动安排。
第三段：进行总结。
喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！
