一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He wanted to buy a home.
B、He suffered from a shock
C、He lost a huge sum of money.
D、He did an unusual good deed.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to a retired social worker who lost it.] The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside, but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant’s owner called the Daily News for help. The relieved customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. (2) [She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined.] The waiter, who’s working his way through school, did accept the customer’s apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
1. What does the news report say about the waiter? （关于这位服务员，这篇新闻说了什么？）
解析：D。四个选项均为He的行为动作，听音时应多留意男士所遇到的情况。录音开头提到，服务员将高额支票还给了失主，也就是说他做了一件好事，因此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：录音中提到了买房，但说的是这位顾客打算用出售公寓所得的钱来付一套新房的首付款，即顾客要买房，并没有说服务员想要买房，故A项错误。做题时应注意B项中shock在不同语境下的具体含义，录音中提到了shock（惊吓），但说的是服务员在打开信封后，看到一张巨额支票而吓了一跳，并不是说他受到了惊吓，故B项错误。录音中提到，这名顾客在就餐后遗落了一个信封，里面有一张巨额支票，因此遗失了一大笔钱的是顾客，而不是服务员，故C项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.
B、Tell her story to the Daily News.
C、Give some money to the waiter.
D、Pay the waiter’s school tuition.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to a retired social worker who lost it.] The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside, but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant’s owner called the Daily News for help. The relieved customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. (2) [She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined.] The waiter, who’s working his way through school, did accept the customer’s apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
2. What did the customer try to do when she got her check back?（当这名顾客拿回支票时，她打算做什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致作答。录音中提到，这名顾客在用餐结束后并没有付给这位服务员小费。后来她想要给他钱，但被对方婉言谢绝。C选项符合题意，其中的Give...money在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到restaurant，但说的是服务员在餐厅清理餐桌时发现了信封袋，“请服务员吃大餐”在录音中无根据，故排除A项。录音中提到了the Daily News，但说的是，在搜寻未果后，餐馆老板打电话给《每日新闻》寻求帮助，并不是说顾客要向《每日新闻》讲述她的故事，故排除B项。录音中提到这位服务员一直在勤工俭学，但并没有提到顾客要替这位服务员支付学费，故D项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Whether or not to move to the state’s mainland.
B、How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.
C、Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.
D、What to do about the rising level of the seawater.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state’s mainland.] The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village’s 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. “About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it’s much higher now,” Barr said. (4) [“We don’t see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding.”] The village’s roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face “immediate threats” due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
3. What is Maref’s vote on Tuesday about? （马廖夫村庄在周二的投票是关于什么的？）
解析：A。此题为开头出题，可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头表示，周二，阿拉斯加的马廖夫村庄经投票决定，将迁往阿拉斯加大陆。A项符合题意，其中move to the state’s mainland在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，这次迁移的起因要是全球变暖和海平面上升，并没有说要投票决定如何防止村庄沉入海里，或是如何应对海平面上升，故B、D两项错误。录音中巴尔表示，由于资金的问题，我们在有生之年可能都无法看到迁移实现，但并没有说投票要决定如何筹集重建村庄的资金，故排除C项。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It takes too long a time.
B、It costs too much money.
C、It has to wait for the state’s final approval.
D、It faces strong opposition from many villagers.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state’s mainland.] The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village’s 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. “About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it’s much higher now,” Barr said. (4) [“We don’t see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding.”] The village’s roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face “immediate threats” due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
4. Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn’t see the plan carried out any time soon?（唐娜·巴尔为什么说他们可能无法看到计划很快得以落实？）
解析：B。录音中巴尔表示，大约在15年前他们就估算过，迁移要花费1.8亿美元。现在的费用要高得多。由于资金的问题，我们在有生之年可能都无法看到迁移实现。B项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提及迁移所需的时间以及是否需要最后的批准，故排除A项和C项。录音中提到，投票结果是89比78决定迁移，也就是说89票赞成、78票反对，的确有一些村民反对迁移，但并没有说迁移是因为村民的反对而不能实行，故D项错误。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、To investigate whether people are grateful for help.
B、To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.
C、To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.
D、To find out how people express gratitude.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
5. What is the purpose of the social experiment?（这项社会实验的目的是什么？）
解析：A。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头说到，加拿大哈利法克斯的一名男子想知道人们是否会感谢帮他们扶门的人。他的社会实验显示，100人中有99人表示了感谢。因此社会实验的目的是调查人们是否会对获得的帮助表示感激，A选项符合题意。
错项排除：录音中提到，社会实验的内容是到不同地方为人们开门，但实验的目的并不是看看人们是否会帮陌生人扶门，故B项错误。录音中提到，引导人们感恩的一个简单方法就是帮他们开门，但这是实验的方法，并非实验目的，故C项错误。D项利用录音中的find out和expressed gratitude进行细节拼凑，但“表达感谢”只是大多数受试者的表现，没有提及人们表达感谢的方式，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They induced strangers to talk with them.
B、They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.
C、They held doors open for people at various places.
D、They interviewed people who didn’t say thank you.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
6. What did Steve Foran and his team do in the experiment?（史蒂夫·福伦和他的团队在实验中做了什么？）
解析：C。录音中福伦提到，引导人们感恩的一个简单方法就是帮他们开门。因此，我们去了6个地方，在那里帮人们开门。他们在每个地点都会为15到20个人扶门。即福伦和他的团队在不同地方为人们扶门，因此C选项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中福伦提到，这件事的意义已经超过了一句简单的谢谢，人们开始和我们交谈。由此可知，是人们主动和福伦的团队交谈，并非是福伦团队引导陌生人与他们交谈，故A项错误。B项利用录音中出现的15 to 20 people设置干扰，录音中提到，研究人员在每个地点都会为15到20个人扶门，但并没有说这些人心情不好，故B项排除。录音中福伦表示，他们确实遇到了一个不说“谢谢”的人，但并未提到他们采访了不表达谢意的人，故D项错误。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、People can be educated to be grateful.
B、Most people express gratitude for help.
C、Most people have bad days now and then.
D、People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
7. What do we learn from the news report? （我们从这篇新闻中能得出什么结论？）
解析：B。录音中提到，这项社会实验显示，100人中有99人对帮他们扶门的人表示了感谢，占了绝大多数，因此B项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽提到引导人们感恩的方法（A simple way to induce gratitude），但这只是在解释实验的方法，而实验的重点并不在于教育，故排除A项。C项利用录音中的having a bad day设置干扰，但这只是为了说明为什么会有少数人不说谢谢，没有提到大多数人会不会过得不顺心，故排除C项。D项中的ungrateful（不懂感恩）是对别人的臆断，与录音中“我们不会妄加论断”相悖，而且不说谢谢不代表不懂感恩，故排除D项。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、To order a solar panel installation.
B、To report a serious leak in his roof.
C、To enquire about solar panel installations.
D、To complain about the faulty solar panels.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
8. What is the man’s purpose for calling the woman? （男士给女士打电话的目的是什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头男士明确表示想咨询一下太阳能电池板的安装情况，C项符合题意，enquire about solar panel installations在录音中复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士问男士是否有兴趣在屋顶上安装太阳能电池板，男士表示正在考虑，但这是女士向男士的提问，男士打电话的目的是了解太阳能电池板的信息，并非预约太阳能电池板安装服务，故排除A项。录音中并没有提到屋顶漏水或者太阳能电池板的故障问题，故排除B、D两项。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He plans to install solar panels.
B、He owns a four-bedroom house.
C、He saves $300 a year.
D、He has a large family.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
9. What do we learn about the man’s neighbor from the conversation?（通过对话，我们能了解到男士邻居的哪些信息？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中男士表示，他邻居的家要更大一些，他们是个大家庭，总共有六口人。因此D项符合题意，其中的has a large family在录音中复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士表示，他的邻居大约一年前在屋顶上安装了太阳能电池板，由此可知邻居已经安装了太阳能电池板，并非计划安装，故A项错误。录音中提到，邻居一家总共有六口人，但并没有说是几居室，而女士提到的四居室只是为举例说明安装电池板能节省多少钱，并不是邻居的情况，故B项错误。录音中男士提到，到目前为止，用太阳能电池板给热水器供电已经为他的邻居节省了500多美元，并非300美元，故排除C项。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The service of the solar panel company.
B、The cost of a solar panel installation.
C、The maintenance of the solar panels.
D、The quality of the solar panels.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
10. What is one of the man’s chief concerns? （男士主要关心的一点是什么？）
解析：B。此题可用到视听一致原则作答，需注意出题点在问句。录音中男士问女士常规安装大约需要多少钱，由此可知，男士关心的是安装太阳能电池板的费用，B项与录音内容一致，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士主要咨询的是太阳能电池板的节省情况以及相关费用，并未提及太阳能电池板公司的服务以及太阳能电池板的维护和质量问题，故排除A、C、D三项。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、One year and a half.
B、Less than four years.
C、Roughly six years.
D、About five years.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
11. How long will it take a typical household to make back the initial investment?（一般来说一个家庭多长时间能收回成本？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音结尾女士表示，一般来说一家在5年内就能收回成本。D项的About five years在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中未出现“一年半”这一时间长度，排除A项。录音中出现的数字4指的是在屋顶的一侧安装4块电池板每年可以为一个四口之家节省大约300美元，出现的数字6指的是男士邻居一家总共有六口人，并没有说一个家庭不到四年或大约六年能收回成本，故排除B项和C项。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、At a travel agency.
B、At an Australian airport.
C、At an airline transfer service.
D、At a local transportation authority.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
12. Where is the conversation taking place? （这段对话的地点是在哪里？）
解析：A。录音中女士表示想预订到澳大利亚的度假旅行，希望了解一下优惠活动，男士则问她是只想预定航班，还是想要一价全包的度假套餐。由此可知女士是在旅行社咨询相关业务，A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的Australi和airport进行干扰，但录音中说的是女士想要到澳大利亚旅行，需要订机票，并不是说对话发生在一个澳大利亚的机场，故B项错误。机场的转机服务台和当地交通部门不提供旅行套餐的咨询服务，故排除C项和D项。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
B、She wanted to save as much money as possible.
C、She would like to have everything taken care of.
D、She wanted to spend more time with her family.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
13. Why is the woman interested in package holidays? （女士为什么对度假套餐有兴趣？）
解析：C。录音中女士说自己要和家人一起去，所以如果一切都有人安排妥当的话就最好了。因此C项符合题意，其中have everything taken care of在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士没有提到希望参观更多景点或尽可能省钱，故排除A项和B项。录音中女士只是说自己要和家人一起去，并未说自己要花更多时间陪伴家人，D项错误。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Four days.
B、Five days.
C、One week.
D、Two weeks.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
14. How long does the woman want to go for the holiday? （女士想要度假多久？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中男士问女士想在哪一天去以及打算去多久，女士回答圣诞节前后两个星期比较好。因此D选项符合题意，Two weeks在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到四天这个时间，指的是男士提出的旅行计划中剩下的4个晚上，女士可以从附近可能去到的其他地方的行程列表中选择，并不是说女士要度假四天，排除A项。录音中提到五天这个时间，指的是在澳大利亚东南部住的14晚中包括在悉尼住5晚，在墨尔本住5晚，并非是说女士要度假五天，排除B项。录音中未提及一周这个时间，排除C项。
15、Question 15 is base on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Choosing some activities herself.
B、Spending Christmas with Australians.
C、Driving along the Great Ocean Road.
D、Learning more about wine making.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
15. What does the woman say she likes about the holiday package?（女士说她喜欢度假套餐的哪一点？）
解析：A。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中女士表示，套餐听起来很棒，有自己选择一部分活动的空间就很不错。因此女士喜欢的是套餐中能够自行选择一些活动，A项的Choosing some activities herself对应录音中的choose some activities ourselves，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到圣诞节说的是女士想在圣诞节前后去澳大利亚旅行，并没有说可以和澳大利亚人共度圣诞节，故排除B项。沿大洋路开车兜风是男士给女士的建议，但女士并没有表示她对这个建议的态度，故排除C项。录音最后男士说到，如果女士对葡萄酒感兴趣，她可以去参观那些种植葡萄和酿酒的地方，因此D项也只是男士关于套餐中的活动给女士的建议，女士同样未对此表态，故排除D项。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Bring their own bags when shopping.
B、Use public transport when traveling.
C、Dispose of their trash properly.
D、Pay a green tax upon arrival.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
16. What would tourists have to do when they visit Indonesia’s Bali Island?（到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将需要做什么？）
解析：D。此题为开头出题，会用到视听一致和同义替换。录音开头说到，从明年起，到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将面临每人14美元的新税。不过，这是一项环保税。由此可知，到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将要缴纳一项环保税。D项符合题意，其中的关键词green tax在录音中复现，upon arrival对应录音中的when they arrive，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中间部分提到，几个月前，考斯特宣布了一项计划，不仅禁止超市和便利店使用一次性塑料袋，还在全岛范围内禁止使用塑料袋和吸管，但并没有说游客需要自带购物袋，排除A项。录音中并未提到游客需要乘坐公共交通工具或是需要妥善处理他们的垃圾，排除B、C两项。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has not been doing a good job in recycling.
B、It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.
C、It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.
D、It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
17. What does the passage say about Indonesia?（关于印度尼西亚，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。此题会用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，回收利用并不是印度尼西亚这个国家的强项。因此A项符合题意，其中的recycling为原词复现，not been doing a good job是对录音中not one of the country’s strong points的同义替换，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中提到的drowning作干扰，但录音中说的是印度尼西亚正逐渐被塑料品淹没（Indonesia is drowning in plastics），并非是在说溺水事件，故B项错误。录音中并没有提及印度尼西亚对游客的吸引力以及空气质量的问题，排除C和D项。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.
B、To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali island.
C、To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.
D、To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
18. What is the new plan Governor Koster recently announced?（考斯特省长最近宣布了什么新计划？）
解析：B。此题会用到视听一致原则。录音中提到，几个月前，考斯特宣布了一项计划，不仅禁止超市和便利店使用一次性塑料袋，还在全岛范围内禁止使用塑料袋和吸管。因此B项符合题意，其中的ban single-use plastic bags、straws和Bali island均为原词复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到在巴厘岛禁用一次性塑料袋，但并未提到要对超市的塑料制品收取一小部分费用或是推广使用纸袋购物，故排除A项和C项。录音中未提及对乱扔垃圾的人处以罚款，排除D项。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It gives birth to several babies at a time.
B、It is the least protected mammal species.
C、Its breeding grounds are now better preserved.
D、Its population is now showing signs of increase.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
19. What do we learn from the passage about the North Atlantic right whale?（关于北大西洋露脊鲸，我们可以从文章中了解到什么？）
解析：D。此题为录音开头出题，考察句意理解。录音开头提到，一种濒临灭绝的鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）正在美国海岸附近经历一次小规模的生育潮。因此D项符合题意，Its population is now showing signs of increase是对录音中experiencing a small baby boom的同义替换，为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的give birth和babies作干扰，但录音中只说到了露脊鲸的分娩地，没有提到露脊鲸一次性可产几头幼鲸，A项属于主观臆断，排除。录音中只提到露脊鲸是地球上最稀有的物种之一（one of the rarest species of whale），未提及它是最缺乏保护的哺乳类动物，排除B项。录音中未提及露脊鲸的繁衍地是否得到了更好的保护，排除C项。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Global warming.
B、Polluted seawater.
C、Commercial hunting.
D、Decreasing birthrates.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
20. What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years?（近年来，是什么导致了鲸鱼数量的减少？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，由于近年来的商业捕鲸活动，鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）的数量已经濒临灭绝。因此C项符合题意，Commercial hunting是对录音中commercial whaling activities的同义替换，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到全球变暖或海水污染的问题，排除A和B项。录音开头说到，一种濒临灭绝的鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）正在美国海岸附近经历一次小规模的生育潮，可知鲸鱼并非由于出生率下降而濒临灭绝，D项错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To mate.
B、To look for food.
C、To escape hunters.
D、To seek breeding grounds.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
21. Why do the whales travel to the northeast coast of America in the early spring?（鲸鱼为什么在早春时节游向美国东北海岸？）
解析：B。录音中说到，鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸分娩，早春时游到美国东北海岸觅食。因此B项正确，To look for food对应录音中的feeding grounds，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到鲸鱼是为了交配或躲避捕猎者而前往美国东北海岸，排除A项和C项。录音中提到，鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸分娩，并非东北海岸，D项错误。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They prefer to drink low-fat milk.
B、They think milk is good for health.
C、They consume less milk these days.
D、They buy more milk than the British.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
22. What does the passage say about Americans? （关于美国人，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，与上世纪70年代相比，美国人的牛奶饮用量减少了37%。因此C项符合题意，其中less milk为原词复现，关键词consume对应录音中的drink，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中并没有提到低脂牛奶，排除A项。录音中提到人们曾经因为牛奶营养丰富而对其进行广泛宣传，但现在人们喝的牛奶少了，并且越来越多地从负面角度来形容牛奶，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。录音中提到，与上世纪70年代相比，美国人的牛奶饮用量减少了37%。而在英国，乳制品的总消耗量在过去20年里下降了三分之一，并没有对比英国人和美国人谁买的牛奶更多，D项错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is not as healthy as once thought.
B、It is not easy to stay fresh for long.
C、It benefits the elderly more.
D、It tends to make people fat.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
23. How do Americans and British people think of milk nowadays?（美国人和英国人如今对牛奶的看法是什么？）
解析：A。录音中说到，英国人和美国人喝的牛奶减少，人们越来越多地从负面的角度来形容牛奶。最近的一篇博客指出，也许人们喝牛奶变少的原因是牛奶会对我们很多人的身体造成损害。A项It is not as healthy as once thought是对此内容的概括总结，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到牛奶保鲜和牛奶对老年人的益处等相关信息，排除B项和C项。录音中提到，牛奶热量不高，也就是说牛奶并不易使人发胖，D项错误。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They drink too many pints every day.
B、They are sensitive to certain minerals.
C、They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.
D、They have eaten food incompatible with milk.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
24. Why does drinking milk cause pain in some people? （为什么喝牛奶会使一些人身体疼痛？）
解析：C。录音中提到，如果人体内分解乳糖的蛋白质含量不足，乳糖就会被人体中的细菌分解。这会引起身体疼痛，并导致胃胀气。由此可知，一些人喝牛奶后身体疼痛是由于缺乏相关蛋白质，C项符合题意，其中的lack...proteins对应录音中的Without enough of these proteins，to digest it对应to break it down，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到牛奶饮用量对人体的影响或牛奶中的矿物质，同样也没有提到与牛奶相克的食物，故排除A、B、D三项。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is easier for sick people to digest.
B、It provides some necessary nutrients.
C、It is healthier than other animal products.
D、It supplies the body with enough calories.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
25. What does the passage say is a benefit of milk?（这篇文章提到牛奶的一个好处是什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到，牛奶很有营养，含有维生素A、维生素D和蛋白质，因此B项是对此内容的概括总结，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，然而，在结束母乳喂养或配方奶粉喂养后，大多数人体内都不会继续再产生分解乳糖所必需的复杂蛋白质。因此牛奶并不易被人体消化，A项错误。录音中并未将牛奶与其他动物制品相比较，C项错误。录音最后提到，牛奶热量不高，未提到它是否可以为人体提供充足能量，D项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Trust is fundamental to life. If you can’t trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can’t have relationships without trust, let alone good ones.
In the workplace, too, trust is (26)_____. An organization without trust will be full of fear and (27)_____. If you work for a boss who doesn’t trust their employees to do things right, you’ll have a (28)_____ time. They’ll be checking up on you all the time, correcting “mistakes” and (29)_____ reminding you to do this or that. Colleagues who don’t trust one another will need to spend more time (30)_____ their backs than doing any useful work.
Organizations are always trying to cut costs. Think of all the additional tasks caused by lack of trust. Audit (审计) departments only exist because of it. Companies keep large volumes of (31)_____ because they don’t trust their suppliers, their contractors or their customers. Probably more than half of all administrative work is only there because of an ever-existing sense that “you can’t trust anyone these days.” If even a small part of such valueless work could be (32)_____, the savings would run into millions of dollars.
All this is extra work we (33)_____ onto ourselves because we don’t trust people—the checking, following through, doing things ourselves because we don’t believe others will do them (34)_____—or at all. If you took all that away, how much extra time would you suddenly find in your day? How much of your work (35)_____ would disappear?
26、(1)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：
名词
essential 必需品
load 负荷；工作量
pressure 压力
records (-s) 记录；记载
stacks (-s) 一堆；大量
suspicion 怀疑；嫌疑
动词
exploring (-ing) 探索；探查
gather 聚集；集合
load 负载；承担
pressure 对……施加压力
records (-s) 记录；记载
removed (-ed) 去除；移开
stacks (-s) 码放
tracked (-ed) 跟踪；追踪
watching (-ing) 看，注视
形容词
credible 可靠的；可信的
essential 必要的；本质的
miserable 痛苦的
removed 非常不同的
副词
constantly 一直；重复地
properly 适当地；得当地
26. essential
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主语为trust，谓语为is，所以空格处为表语成分，从词性上判断可填入名词、形容词或动词的分词形式。短文开头讲到，信任是生活的基础（Trust is fundamental to life），接着在第二段说到在工作场所也是这样，由此可知，空格处应填入和fundamental意思相近的词，备选项中与该词含义相近的只有essential，代入空格表示“在工作场所，信任也是必不可少的”，符合题意。
27. suspicion
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为fear and，因此空格处应填入与fear（恐惧）意思相近的词，构成并列关系。根据句意，一个组织若没有信任，必将充斥着恐惧和____ 。选项中在词性和词义上能与fear构成并列含义的只有suspicion（怀疑），代入空格符合题意。本题较有干扰性的是pressure，但根据后面内容可知短文主要是讲缺乏信任的影响，而pressure无论在生活中还是工作场所都是普遍存在的，并不是缺乏信任所导致的，故排除。
28. miserable
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词time，因此空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词。空格所在句意为，如果你的老板不相信员工能把事情做好，那你的日子会____ 。再结合空格前一句中的fear可知，两句话都在说缺乏信任的影响，此处作者要表达的也是消极方面，形容词选项中只有miserable代入空格可以构成合理语义，a miserable time表示“一段痛苦的时光”，符合题意。
29. constantly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，因此空格处可考虑填入副词作状语。根据句意，他们会一直督促你，纠正你的“错误”，____ 提醒你做这做那。本句中存在三个并列的动名词短语，第一个短语will be checking up on you的修饰成分为all the time（一直），由此可知空格处应填入与all the time意义相近的词修饰reminding you，副词选项中只有constantly填入空格可以构成合理语义，表示“不断提醒你做这做那”，符合题意。
30. watching
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为spend more time，空格后为their backs，本题考查固定搭配spend...(in) doing sth.，因此空格处应填入动词的现在分词形式。空格所在句意为，互不信任的同事将会花更多时间来____，而不是去做些有用的事。现在分词选项中只有watching可以和their backs构成固定搭配，表示“小心；提防”，因此选watching。
31. records
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主句中宾语缺少中心词，空格前为of，因此空格处应填入名词。本段主要说公司总想削减成本，但缺乏信任会导致额外的工作，而审计部门就是因此才存在的。空格所在句是在说额外工作的具体表现。根据句意，公司保留大量____，因为他们不信任供应商、承包商和客户。由前面提到的审计部门，以及本句说的不信任供应商可推知，公司保留的应该是相关数据或证据。名词选项中填入空格能够构成合理语义的只有records，代入空格表示“大量的记录”，因此选records。
32. removed
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为条件状语从句，从句主语为valueless work，谓语为could be，因此空格处可以填入名词、形容词作表语成分，也可填入动词的分词形式作与could be一起构成谓语。根据句意，如果这些毫无价值的工作中的一小部分可以被____，就可以节省数百万美元。结合前面提到的由不信任所导致的额外工作及削减成本可知，此处是在说如果把这些毫无价值的工作如果都去掉，就能节约成本，选项中只有removed符合题意，因此选removed。
33. load
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分缺失，空格前为we，空格后为介词短语onto ourselves，因此空格处应填入动词。空格所在部分we ____ onto ourselves为省略了关系词的定语从句，用来修饰work。根据句意，所有这些我们 自己身上的工作都是额外的，动词选项中只有load代入空格能够构成合理语义，表示“我们加在自己身上的工作”。选项中比较有干扰性的是pressure，常用搭配是pressure on sb. to do sth.表示“给某人施压做某事”，填入空格不符合题意，故排除。
34. properly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句为原因状语从句，从句主干成分完整，因此空格处应填入副词。空格所在句大意为，一些额外的工作都是我们加在自己身上的，因为我们不相信别人，我们会检查进度、后续跟进等，副词选项中只有properly代入空格符合语境，表示“因为我们认为别人可能做不好，或者根本不相信他们能做好”，符合题意。
35. pressure
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句为特殊疑问句，空格前为work，空格后为would disappear，推测work在此属于名词作定语，因此空格处应填入名词，与work一同构成句子主语。前一句说到，如果去掉这些，你一下子就能发现，一天会额外多出多少时间？由此可知，空格所在的问句在意义上应该承接上一句，名词选项中只有pressure填入空格能构成合理语义，表示“你的工作压力会消失多少？”，符合题意。选项中干扰性较强的是load，load本身有“工作量、负荷”的意思，但与前面的work搭配，“工作”意思重复，且load为可数名词，不能用How much修饰。另外常用来表示“工作量，工作负担”的是一个单词workload，故排除load。
27、(2)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、credible
B、gather
C、tracked
D、watching
E、suspicion
F、records
G、constantly
H、load
I、stacks
J、removed
K、properly
L、exploring
M、essential
N、miserable
O、pressure
解析：见上一题！
The Place Where the Poor Once Thrived
【A】This is the land of opportunity. If that weren’t already implied by the landscape—rolling green hills, palm trees, sun-kissed flowers—then it’s evident in the many stories of people who grew up poor in these sleepy neighborhoods and rose to enormous success. People like Tri Tran, who fled Vietnam on a boat in 1986, showed up in San Jose with nothing, made it to MIT, and then founded the food-delivery start-up Munchery, which is valued at $300 million.
【B】 Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America. A child born in the early 1980s into a low-income family in San Jose had a 12.9 percent chance of becoming a high earner as an adult, according to a landmark study released in 2014 by the economist Raj Chetty and his colleagues from Harvard and Berkeley. That number—12.9 percent—may not seem remarkable, but it was: Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile (五分位数) of income nationally had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.
【C】By contrast, just 4.4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top; in Detroit the figure was 5.5 percent. San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark’s and Canada’s and higher than other progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.
【D】The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of the world’s most innovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subsequently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants—38 percent of the city’s population today is foreign-born—and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America. The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26.5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard and Berkeley economists say, is a good predictor of mobility.
【E】Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. It’s possible to drive in a matter of minutes from sleek (光亮的) office towers near the airport where people pitch ideas to investors, to single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vietnamese mall. The libraries here offer programs in 17 languages, and there are areas filled with small businesses owned by Vietnamese immigrants, Mexican immigrants, Korean immigrants, and Filipino immigrants, to name a few.
【F】But researchers aren’t sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well. The city has a low prevalence of children growing up in single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is one of the most unequal places out of the 741 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial and economic segregation (隔离). Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a predoctoral fellow at the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard, which uses big data to study how to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. “There’s a lot going on here which we don’t totally understand,” he said. “It’s interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations.”
【G】The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area of the 1980s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate. Some of the indicators such as income inequality, measured by the Equality of Opportunity Project for the year 2000, have only worsened in the past 16 years.
【H】Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful companies, the flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no longer a place where low-income, or even middle-income families, can afford to live. Rents in San Jose grew 42.6 percent between 2006 and 2014, which was the largest increase in the country during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried to address by shutting down “The Jungle,” one of the largest homeless encampments (临时住地) in the nation, in 2014. Inequality is extreme: The Human Development Index—a measure of life expectancy, education and per capital (人均的) income—gives East San Jose a score of 4.85 out of 10, while nearby Cupertino, where Apple’s headquarters sit, receives a 9.26. San Jose used to have a happy mix of factors—cheap housing, closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant communities—that together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, the region’s rich and poor have segregated, and middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the region’s poor doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did.
【I】Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the chance to do so. “I think there is a broad consciousness in the Valley that we can do better than to leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success,” San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said.
【J】But in today’s America—a land of rising inequality, increasing segregation, and stagnating (不增长的) middle-class wages—can the San Jose region really once again become a place of opportunity?
【K】The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America’s ideas about itself. That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose raises questions about the endurance of that foundational belief. After all, if the one-time land of opportunity can’t be fixed, what does that say for the rest of America?
36、36. According to some people living in San Jose, it has become much harder for the poor to get ahead due to the increased inequality.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
36. 住在圣何塞的一些居民表示，由于不平等加剧，穷人要出人头地变得更加困难。
解析：H。根据题干中的people living in San Jose、harder for the poor to get ahead和increased inequality可定位至H段第一句。该段第一句指出，一些圣何塞居民表示，近年来随着不平等程度的加剧，向上层社会流动变得更加困难。题干中的people living in San Jose是H段首句San Jose residents的同义替换，harder for the poor to get ahead对应H段首句的upward mobility has become much more difficult，increased inequality对应该段首句的inequality has grown，因此题干是对H段首句的同义转述，选H。
37. 在美国历史上，移民曾经有过很好的机会进入上层社会。
解析：D。根据题干中的history、immigrants和have a good chance to move upward可定位至D段第三句后半句。该句前半句主要是说圣何塞是一座移民城市，移民比例很高，后半句指出，此地移民及其子女都经历了美国历史上向上层社会流动的重要时期。题干中的history对应该句的historically，immigrants为原词复现，have a good chance to move upward是对该句中experienced significant upward mobility的同义替换，题干是对D段第三句后半部分的同义转述，因此选D。
38. 如果圣何塞的问题得不到解决，那么美国的基本理念之一就会动摇。
解析：K。根据题干中的problems of San Jose、fundamental beliefs和be shaken可定位至K段第二句。该段主要是讲，美国理念的核心是社会底层的人是可以向上流动的，这种流动性在圣何塞变得更加困难，令人们对这一核心理念产生了质疑。题干中的problems of San Jose是对该段第二句中That such mobility has become more difficult in San Jose的概括，fundamental beliefs是该句中foundational belief的同义替换，be shaken对应该句中raises questions，题干是对K段第二句的近义改写，因此选K。
39. 圣何塞是美国最适合贫困儿童实现社会阶层向上流动的城市之一。
解析：B。根据题干中的best cities和poor kids to move upward可定位至B段。该段主要讲圣何塞是美国最适合穷人成长的地方之一，以及圣何塞低收入家庭的孩子成为高收入人士的比例。题干中的best cities是对B段首句中best places的同义替换，poor kids to move upward是对本段第二、三句具体内容的概括，题干是对B段的概括总结，因此选B。
40. 现在圣何塞的贫困儿童是否还有机会进入上层社会，尚未可知。
解析：G。根据题干中的Whether、have the chance to move upward和questionable可定位至G段第二句。该句指出，这座城市是否还允许贫困儿童向上层社会流动，还存在争议。题干中的Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward是对该句Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids的同义改写，questionable是对up for debate的同义替换，题干是对G段第二句的同义转述，因此选G。
41. 圣何塞的官员决心使贫困儿童在生活中能够获得成功所必需的资源。
解析：I。根据题干中的San Jose’s officials、access、resources和for success可定位至I段第一句。该句指出，圣何塞的领导人决心恢复这座城市的地位：确保即使是贫穷的孩子也能获得成功所需的资源。题干中的San Jose’s officials是I段首句Leaders in San Jose的同义替换，are resolved to是该句中are determined to的同义替换，give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success是对该句中poor kids can access the resources to succeed的同义改写，题干是对I段首句的同义转述，因此选I。
42. 圣何塞似乎展现了一些美国最好的特征。
解析：E。根据题干中的manifest和the best features of America可定位至E段首句。该句指出，在某种程度上，圣何塞的街道似乎体现了美国最好的一面。题干中的manifest是E段首句embody的同义替换，the best features of America对应该句的the best of America，题干是对E段首句的同义改写，因此选E。
43. 就社会流动性而言，圣何塞打败了美国其他许多进步城市。
解析：C。根据题干中的social mobility、beat和progressive cities可定位至C段第二句。该句指出，圣何塞的社会流动性与丹麦和加拿大相当，高于波士顿和明尼阿波利斯等其他发达城市。题干中的social mobility和progressive cities为原词复现，beat对应文中的higher than，题干是对C段第二句的同义转述，因此选C。
44. 由于圣何塞房价上涨等一些变化，该市贫困人口的前景变得暗淡。
解析：H。根据题干中的changes、increases in housing prices、the prospects和dimmed可定位至H段最后两句。该段最后两句指出，近年来，房价飞涨、区域贫富分化，中产阶级的工作岗位消失了。有鉴于此，这一地区穷人的未来似乎不像过去那么光明了。题干中的changes指的是H段倒数第二句中的housing prices have skyrocketed...middle-class jobs have disappeared，increases in housing prices对应housing prices have skyrocketed，the prospect是最后一句中the future的同义替换，dimmed对应该句中的doesn’t look nearly as bright as it once did，题干是对H段最后两句的概括总结，因此选H。
45. 研究人员并不清楚为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童在几十年前取得了如此巨大的成功。
解析：F。根据题干中的Researchers、a clear idea和why可定位至F段第一句。该句指出，研究人员并不确定究竟为什么圣何塞的贫困儿童表现得如此优秀。题干中的researchers和why属于原词复现，do not have a clear idea是F段第一句 aren’t sure exactly的同义替换，achieved such great success对应该句的did so well，题干是对F段第一句的同义改写，因此选F。
37、37. In American history, immigrants used to have a good chance to move upward in society.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
38、38. If the problems of San Jose can’t be solved, one of America’s fundamental beliefs about itself can be shaken.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
39、39. San Jose was among the best cities in America for poor kids to move up the social ladder.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
40、40. Whether poor kids in San Jose today still have the chance to move upward is questionable.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
41、41. San Jose’s officials are resolved to give poor kids access to the resources necessary for success in life.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
42、42. San Jose appears to manifest some of the best features of America.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
43、43. As far as social mobility is concerned, San Jose beat many other progressive cities in America.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Due to some changes like increases in housing prices in San Jose, the prospects for its poor people have dimmed.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Researchers do not have a clear idea why poor children in San Jose achieved such great success several decades ago.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：见上一题！
Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015.
Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Services (英国国家医疗服务体系).
Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer ‘early intervention (干预)’ and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.
The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools.
There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety, a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的).
There are already examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum. This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.
46、46. What are teachers complaining about?
A、There are too many students requiring special attention.
B、They are under too much stress counselling needy students.
C、Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention.
D、They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’ mental problems.
解析：
解析：D。题目问教师在抱怨什么，根据teachers complaining可定位至第二段。第二段讲到，学校和教师一直在报告学生心理问题的严重程度，超过一半的老师说现在越来越多的学生患有心理健康问题，最后还讲到，老师也一直表示在面对学生心理健康问题时，他们觉得自己能力欠缺，也缺少英国国家医疗服务体系的培训、专业知识和支持。D项与此内容相符，lack the necessary resources to address pupil’s mental problem是对第二段第三句中how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils’ mental health needs的同义改写，故D为正确答案。
错项排除：文章主要讲了学生的心理健康问题，并没有说需要对其特殊照顾，A项属于主观臆断，故排除。B项的too much stress和counselling利用文中第三段出现的increased pressure和第四段中的counsellor进行细节拼凑，但文中说的是学校压力增加的一部分原因以及青少年更愿意在学校咨询心理问题，并不是老师给学生做咨询压力会很大，故B项排除。C项利用第二段出现的ill-equipped和第四段出现的intervention及schools进行干扰，但文中是说，老师在应对学生心理健康问题时觉得自身能力不足且缺乏支持，应该在学校重新投资设立早期干预服务，C项属于细节拼凑且表述过于绝对，故排除。
47、47. What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain?
A、They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.
B、They facilitate local residents’ everyday lives.
C、They prove ineffective in helping mental patients.
D、They cover preventative care for the local residents.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的community health services可定位至第三段。本段主要介绍社区的“早期干预”和心理健康服务（mental health services based in the community），第二句指出，自2010年以来，对于地方政府预算的削减导致这些服务（these services）大幅减少，其中these service指的就是第一句中的社区心理健康服务，A项的deteriorated对应文中的decline，budget cuts对应文中的Cuts to local authority budgets，因此选A。
错项排除：B项内容在文中未提及，故排除。第三段最后指出，学校里的心理健康服务在预防未来危机方面是有效的，C项表述与此相悖，故排除。文中指出，这些服务在预防未来危机（preventing crises further down the line）方面很有效，根据上下文可知，此处的“未来危机”是指更为严重的心理健康问题，D项的preventative care（预防性护理）过于笼统，故排除。
48、48. Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed?
A、At home.
B、At school.
C、In hospitals.
D、In communities.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的mental health services be placed可定位至第五段第一句。该句指出，有很多强有力的论据可以证明为什么学校是提供心理健康服务的最佳场所，后文接着列举出具体原因。总结可知心理健康服务发挥作用的最佳场所是学校，选B。
错项排除：文中没有提到家庭，故A项排除。文章第五段最后提到了clinical setting，但说的是临床环境会让想要咨询的学生望而却步，并不是说医院是提供心理健康服务的最佳场所，C项与原文相悖，故排除。文章中多次提到社区的心理健康服务，主要是说社区的早期干预和心理健康服务对于预防未来危机是有效的，并不等同于社区是最适合提供心理健康服务的场所，故D项排除。
49、49. What do we learn from the recent studies?
A、Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
B、Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
C、Students are more comfortable seeking counseling in school.
D、Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities.
解析：
解析：C。根据题目中的recent studies可定位至第五段第三句。该句提到，最近的研究表明，孩子和青少年大多更喜欢在学校咨询，而不是在校外。由此可推断，学生在学校进行心理咨询会感觉更好，C项表述符合文意，因此选C。
错项排除：A项利用第五段最后出现的stress和anxiety设置干扰，但文章是说对于一些轻度的心理问题如压力和焦虑，诊所的环境会让人望而却步，并没有说学生会依靠同伴来缓解这种情况，故A项排除。B项利用第五段第二句出现的build meaningful relationships设置干扰，但文中是说学校可以和学生建立起有意义的关系，并不是说青少年热衷建立有意义的人际关系，故B项排除。D项的outdoor activities是利用常识进行干扰，文中并无此相关内容，故排除。
50、50. What does the author mean by a cultural shift (Line 2-3, Para.6)?
A、Simplification of schools’ academic curriculums.
B、Parents’ involvement in schools’ policy-making.
C、A change in teachers’ attitudes to mental health.
D、A change in the conception of what schools are.
解析：
解析：D。根据题目中的cultural shift可定位至最后一段第二句。该句指出，这需要巨大的文化转变，接着对其进行解释：各方力量都必须有足够的勇气向前迈出一大步，即学校重新定义为健康和教育服务的提供者，由此可知，这里的文化转变指的是学校定义的改变，D项表述符合文意，因此选D。
错项排除：A、B项利用最后一段出现的academic curriculum和policymakers进行干扰，但文中说的是一些学校将心理健康、福利保障与强大的学习课程相结合，以及政策制定者应该勇敢迈出一步，与A项的简化学习课程、B项的家长参与学校决策无关，故A、B项均可排除。文中并未提及C项中老师对心理健康的态度转变，故排除。
Picture this: You’re at a movie theater food stand loading up on snacks. You have a choice of a small, medium or large soda. The small is $3.50 and the large is $5.50. It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie, but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous. But there’s a third option, a medium soda for $5.25. Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more. If you’re like most people, you end up buying the large (and taking a bathroom break midshow).
If you’re wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one. In fact, there’s a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy (诱饵), making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small.
I have written about this peculiarity in human nature before with my friend Dan Ariely, who studied this phenomenon extensively after noticing pricing for subscriptions (订阅) to The Economist. The digital subscription was $59, the print subscription was $125, and the print plus digital subscription was also $125. No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price, so why was it even an option? Ariely ran an experiment and found that when only the two “real” choices were offered, more people chose the less-expensive digital subscription. But the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option.
Brain scientists call this effect “asymmetric dominance” and it means that people gravitate toward the choice nearest a clearly inferior option. Marketing professors call it the decoy effect, which is certainly easier to remember. Lucky for consumers, almost no one in the business community understands it.
The decoy effect works because of the way our brains assign value when making choices. Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object’s value relative to our other choices. If more options are introduced, the value equation changes.
51、51. Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?
A、To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.
B、To illustrate the increasing variety of snacks there.
C、To show how hard it can be to chose a drink there.
D、To show how popular snacks are among movie fans.
解析：
解析：A。根据imagine、buying food和movie theater可定位至第一段首句。该句讲到，想象一下你站在电影院的小食售卖处，那里堆满了零食。接着描绘出具体的场景，即饮料的选择有小杯、中杯、大杯，并在第二段说出，中杯的存在可能只是一种诱饵，用来诱使人们买大杯，由此可推断，作者让我们想象这一场景是想引出人们的一种购买行为。第三段第一句指出这种人性的奇怪特质（this peculiarity in human nature），作者和朋友以前写过这种情况。A项的peculiar shopping behaviors对应文中的this peculiarity in human nature，A项表述符合文意。需要注意本题由定位句不容易得出答案，需要结合下文进行推断，才能得出答案。
错项排除：B、C、D三项皆是根据第一段中具体情景得出的表面结论，在文中没有针对此三项内容的进一步解释说明，因此均可排除。
52、52. Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?
A、To attract more customers to buy it.
B、To show the price matches the amount.
C、To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda.
D、To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.
解析：
解析：D。根据题目中的the medium soda和priced可定位至第二段第二句。该句指出，事实上，营销部门可能故意把中杯汽水当做诱饵来定价，使你更有可能买大杯汽水而不是小杯。也就是说，考虑到定价，人们通常不会买中杯，但大杯的定价只比中杯多一点，所以相比之下，中杯的存在让人们觉得买大杯更划算，因而更愿意买大杯，D项表述符合文意，因此选D。
错项排除：文章指出，人们更容易购买大杯汽水，所以中杯并没有吸引到人们购买，A项与文意相悖，故排除。B项利用常识，对price和amount进行主观臆断，但文章并没有中杯物有所值的相关描述，而且中杯也是最不划算的，故B项排除。C项利用文中说小杯饮料撑不到看完全场电影（may not last you through the whole movie），大杯又会导致中途去洗手间（taking a bathroom break midshow）进行意义上的推断，但是文中并没有明确指出中杯的量是恰到好处的，中杯的设定是为了诱使消费者购买大杯，故C项排除。
53、53. What do we learn from Dan Ariely’s experiment?
A、Lower-priced goods attract more customers.
B、The Economist’s promotional strategy works.
C、The Economist’s print edition turns out to sell the best.
D、More readers choose the digital over the print edition.
解析：
解析：B。根据题目中的Dan Ariely’s experiment和选项中的The Economist可定位至第三段中间部分。第三段主要是讲，如果《经济学人》的订阅只有电子版和纸质版，人们很可能会选择电子版，但加入了一个与纸质版价格相同的电子版加纸质版套餐之后，纸质版就变成了更差的选择，这样一来就不会有人订阅纸质版，而更多的人会选择订阅纸质版加电子版，接着指出，那为什么还要有纸质版订阅呢？第三段最后提到艾瑞里做的一个实验，说明了这只是一种策略，会使人们选择更贵的订阅方式。所以《经济学人》的这种定价策略是成功的，因此选B。
错项排除：第三段指出，人们在高定价和低定价中通常会选择低定价的订阅版本，并不是说更低的价格就能吸引更多的消费者，故A项排除。根据文章可知，纸质版的订阅价格和纸质加电子版的订阅价格是一样的，所以正常人是不会只订阅纸质版的，C项内容与文意相悖，故排除。D项内容是在没有电子加纸质版订阅的情况下，人们会做出的选择，实验结果表明更多人会选择纸质版加电子版，故D项错误。
54、54. For what purpose is “the bad option”(Line 7, Para.3) added?
A、To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers.
B、To help customers to make more rational choices.
C、To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.
D、To provide customers with a greater variety of goods.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的“the bad option”可定位至第三段最后一句。该句指出，加入较差的选项后，人们更有可能选择更昂贵的纸质加电子订阅，C项表述与此相符，因此选C。
错项排除：A项利用第三段中出现的peculiarity进行干扰，但文中说的是人性的奇怪特质，并非是顾客的特殊需求（the peculiar needs），故A项排除。B项利用文中第三段出现的choices进行干扰，但文中的choices是指商家提供的选择，并没有说帮助顾客做出更理智的选择（more rational choices），故B项排除。D项的a greater variety of goods在文中并没有提到，故排除。
55、55. How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?
A、By considering its usefulness.
B、By comparing it with other choices.
C、By taking its quality into account.
D、By examining its value equation.
解析：
解析：B。根据题目中的the value of a commodity，可定位至文章最后一段第二句。该句指出，价值从来都不是绝对的，我们是相对于其他选择来确定物品价值的，也就是说，是通过和其他选择比较后来评估商品的价值，B项描述符合文意，因此选B。
错项排除：A项的usefulness和C项的its quality在文中均未提及，故排除。D项利用最后一段出现的value equation进行干扰，但文中说的是如果选项发生变化，价值等式就会发生改变，并不是说商品价值是通过检查价值等式来衡量的，故D项排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。正由于这个象征性的意义，春节期间鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友。鱼的象征意义据说源于中国传统文化。中国人有节省的传统，他们认为节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全。今天，尽管人们愈来愈富裕了，但他们仍然认为节省是一种值得弘扬的美德。
参考答案：
参考译文
Fish is an indispensable dish on the eve of the Spring Festival because the Chinese character for “fish” sounds the same as the character for “abundance”. It is due to this symbolic meaning that fish is also given as a gift to relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. The symbolic meaning of fish is said to be rooted in traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese people have a tradition of saving, believing that the more they save, the more secure they feel. Today, despite the fact that people are getting richer, they still regard saving as a virtue worth carrying forward.
解析：
词汇难点
春节前夕 the eve of the Spring Festival
不可或缺 indispensable
“余” abundance
象征性的 symbolic
源于 be rooted in; originate from
节省 saving; thrift
弘扬 carry forward; propagate
美德 virtue
表达难点
第一句：本句包含两个分句，第一个分句可作为主句，第二个分句可作为原因状语从句，由because、as或since引导。第一个分句中为避免译文累赘，在不影响意思的情况下，“餐桌上”可省译，“发音”在这里可处理为动词sounds。
第二句：本句包含两个分句，第一个分句中的“正”表示强调，可使用强调句型it is...that...来强调原因，译为It is due to this symbolic meaning that...，“由于”可用due to或because of来表示。第二个分句中“鱼也作为礼物送给亲戚朋友”蕴含被动语义，应使用被动语态，译为fish is also given as a gift to relatives and friends。
第三句：本句包含两个动词“据说”和“源于”，“据说”可以作为主句的谓语动词，译为...is said，“源于”可处理为不定式结构to be rooted in，作is said的宾语。
第四句：本句包含三个分句，第一个分句较为简单，可作为整个句子的主句，直译即可。第二、三个分句是说中国人认为节省所能带来的好处，在逻辑上可作为主句的原因进行翻译，因此可处理为原因状语，用分词结构believing that...来表示，“节省得愈多，就感到愈为安全”可使用the more...the more...句式，作为believing的宾语。
第五句：本句逻辑关系比较清晰，“尽管”可处理为让步状语，置于句首，可用despite the fact that、although、though或even though表示，注意despite后面不能跟句子，需增译the fact that。“人们愈来愈富裕了”可译为people are getting richer，作the fact的同位语。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
With the development of science and technology, we have witnessed a variety of huge changes in our daily life, among which the change of communication is especially striking. This mainly refers to the shift from face-to-face communication to online communication. People have different views on it.
For one thing, there is no denying that online communication brings great convenience, especially for those who have friends or relatives in remote areas, since online communication allows them to contact with each other frequently. Besides, both video calls and voice messages can meet modern people’s needs of different ways of communication. But for another, this kind of change is also making us disconnected. Due to the high availability and efficiency of online chatting, people have gradually become reluctant to have face-to-face communication with others, which is isolating us from people we cherish.
Given the factors above, we have to admit that the change of communication is more like a double-edged sword. Neither should we reject nor completely rely on online communication. Instead, we should make reasonable use of it so as to maximize its benefits.
参考译文
随着科学技术的发展，我们见证了日常生活中发生的各种巨大变化，其中沟通方式的变化尤其引人注目。这主要是指沟通方式从面对面交流转向线上交流。对此，人们看法不一。
一方面，不可否认的是，线上交流带来了巨大便利，特别是对于那些在偏远地区有朋友或亲戚的人。因为这种变化使他们能频繁联系。此外，视频通话和语音信息还能满足现代人对不同沟通方式的需求。但另一方面，这种变化也使我们“掉线”。由于线上交流可用性强、有效性高，人们逐渐不愿意与他人面对面交流，这使得我们和我们珍视的人逐渐疏远起来。
鉴于上述因素，我们不得不承认，交流方式的变化更像一把双刃剑。我们既不能彻底拒绝线上交流，也不能完全依赖它，而是应该合理利用它，将其效益最大化。
解析：
写作指南
从题目所给内容可以看出，本次四级考试的作文属于情景类作文，要求考生针对“沟通方式的改变”进行论述。考生首先可以对这一现象进行简单说明，然后分别详细阐述该现象的利弊，最后再进行总结、提出建议。行文时应注意语言通顺、逻辑清晰、层次分明，此外还应注意论证的合理性，即论据要能证明论点。
文章大纲
第一段：引出话题：在社会变化中，沟通方式的转变最为显著，而人们对此看法不一。
第二段：详细论述，具体说明线上沟通的利弊：沟通方式高效、便捷、多样化，但有可能导致人们面对面交流的减少，进而造成人与人之间的隔阂。
第三段：总结全文、提出建议：对于线上沟通，既不能全盘否定，也不能完全依赖，应该合理利用。
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