一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He wanted to buy a home.
B、He suffered from a shock
C、He lost a huge sum of money.
D、He did an unusual good deed.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to a retired social worker who lost it.] The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside, but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant’s owner called the Daily News for help. The relieved customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. (2) [She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined.] The waiter, who’s working his way through school, did accept the customer’s apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
1. What does the news report say about the waiter? （关于这位服务员，这篇新闻说了什么？）
解析：D。四个选项均为He的行为动作，听音时应多留意男士所遇到的情况。录音开头提到，服务员将高额支票还给了失主，也就是说他做了一件好事，因此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：录音中提到了买房，但说的是这位顾客打算用出售公寓所得的钱来付一套新房的首付款，即顾客要买房，并没有说服务员想要买房，故A项错误。做题时应注意B项中shock在不同语境下的具体含义，录音中提到了shock（惊吓），但说的是服务员在打开信封后，看到一张巨额支票而吓了一跳，并不是说他受到了惊吓，故B项错误。录音中提到，这名顾客在就餐后遗落了一个信封，里面有一张巨额支票，因此遗失了一大笔钱的是顾客，而不是服务员，故C项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Invite the waiter to a fancy dinner.
B、Tell her story to the Daily News.
C、Give some money to the waiter.
D、Pay the waiter’s school tuition.
解析：
听力原文
(1) [A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to a retired social worker who lost it.] The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside, but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant’s owner called the Daily News for help. The relieved customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. (2) [She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined.] The waiter, who’s working his way through school, did accept the customer’s apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
2. What did the customer try to do when she got her check back?（当这名顾客拿回支票时，她打算做什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致作答。录音中提到，这名顾客在用餐结束后并没有付给这位服务员小费。后来她想要给他钱，但被对方婉言谢绝。C选项符合题意，其中的Give...money在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到restaurant，但说的是服务员在餐厅清理餐桌时发现了信封袋，“请服务员吃大餐”在录音中无根据，故排除A项。录音中提到了the Daily News，但说的是，在搜寻未果后，餐馆老板打电话给《每日新闻》寻求帮助，并不是说顾客要向《每日新闻》讲述她的故事，故排除B项。录音中提到这位服务员一直在勤工俭学，但并没有提到顾客要替这位服务员支付学费，故D项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Whether or not to move to the state’s mainland.
B、How to keep the village from sinking into the sea.
C、Where to get the funds for rebuilding their village.
D、What to do about the rising level of the seawater.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state’s mainland.] The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village’s 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. “About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it’s much higher now,” Barr said. (4) [“We don’t see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding.”] The village’s roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face “immediate threats” due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
3. What is Maref’s vote on Tuesday about? （马廖夫村庄在周二的投票是关于什么的？）
解析：A。此题为开头出题，可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头表示，周二，阿拉斯加的马廖夫村庄经投票决定，将迁往阿拉斯加大陆。A项符合题意，其中move to the state’s mainland在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，这次迁移的起因要是全球变暖和海平面上升，并没有说要投票决定如何防止村庄沉入海里，或是如何应对海平面上升，故B、D两项错误。录音中巴尔表示，由于资金的问题，我们在有生之年可能都无法看到迁移实现，但并没有说投票要决定如何筹集重建村庄的资金，故排除C项。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It takes too long a time.
B、It costs too much money.
C、It has to wait for the state’s final approval.
D、It faces strong opposition from many villagers.
解析：
听力原文
(3) [The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state’s mainland.] The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village’s 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. “About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it’s much higher now,” Barr said. (4) [“We don’t see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding.”] The village’s roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face “immediate threats” due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
4. Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn’t see the plan carried out any time soon?（唐娜·巴尔为什么说他们可能无法看到计划很快得以落实？）
解析：B。录音中巴尔表示，大约在15年前他们就估算过，迁移要花费1.8亿美元。现在的费用要高得多。由于资金的问题，我们在有生之年可能都无法看到迁移实现。B项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提及迁移所需的时间以及是否需要最后的批准，故排除A项和C项。录音中提到，投票结果是89比78决定迁移，也就是说89票赞成、78票反对，的确有一些村民反对迁移，但并没有说迁移是因为村民的反对而不能实行，故D项错误。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、To investigate whether people are grateful for help.
B、To see whether people hold doors open for strangers.
C、To explore ways of inducing gratitude in people.
D、To find out how people express gratitude.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
5. What is the purpose of the social experiment?（这项社会实验的目的是什么？）
解析：A。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头说到，加拿大哈利法克斯的一名男子想知道人们是否会感谢帮他们扶门的人。他的社会实验显示，100人中有99人表示了感谢。因此社会实验的目的是调查人们是否会对获得的帮助表示感激，A选项符合题意。
错项排除：录音中提到，社会实验的内容是到不同地方为人们开门，但实验的目的并不是看看人们是否会帮陌生人扶门，故B项错误。录音中提到，引导人们感恩的一个简单方法就是帮他们开门，但这是实验的方法，并非实验目的，故C项错误。D项利用录音中的find out和expressed gratitude进行细节拼凑，但“表达感谢”只是大多数受试者的表现，没有提及人们表达感谢的方式，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They induced strangers to talk with them.
B、They helped 15 to 20 people in a bad mood.
C、They held doors open for people at various places.
D、They interviewed people who didn’t say thank you.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
6. What did Steve Foran and his team do in the experiment?（史蒂夫·福伦和他的团队在实验中做了什么？）
解析：C。录音中福伦提到，引导人们感恩的一个简单方法就是帮他们开门。因此，我们去了6个地方，在那里帮人们开门。他们在每个地点都会为15到20个人扶门。即福伦和他的团队在不同地方为人们扶门，因此C选项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中福伦提到，这件事的意义已经超过了一句简单的谢谢，人们开始和我们交谈。由此可知，是人们主动和福伦的团队交谈，并非是福伦团队引导陌生人与他们交谈，故A项错误。B项利用录音中出现的15 to 20 people设置干扰，录音中提到，研究人员在每个地点都会为15到20个人扶门，但并没有说这些人心情不好，故B项排除。录音中福伦表示，他们确实遇到了一个不说“谢谢”的人，但并未提到他们采访了不表达谢意的人，故D项错误。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、People can be educated to be grateful.
B、Most people express gratitude for help.
C、Most people have bad days now and then.
D、People are ungrateful when in a bad mood.
解析：
听力原文
(5) [A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.] The social experiment showed that (7) [99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.] “I didn’t think we were going to get 99. I don’t know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just ‘thank you’. People got into conversations with us,” said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. “What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things”, he said. “A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors, (6) [and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people.]” For the experiment, Foran’s team went to a shopping centre, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. (6) [The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.] “We did have one that didn’t say thank you. We’re not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, (7) [but grateful people make people grateful]”, said Foran.
7. What do we learn from the news report? （我们从这篇新闻中能得出什么结论？）
解析：B。录音中提到，这项社会实验显示，100人中有99人对帮他们扶门的人表示了感谢，占了绝大多数，因此B项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽提到引导人们感恩的方法（A simple way to induce gratitude），但这只是在解释实验的方法，而实验的重点并不在于教育，故排除A项。C项利用录音中的having a bad day设置干扰，但这只是为了说明为什么会有少数人不说谢谢，没有提到大多数人会不会过得不顺心，故排除C项。D项中的ungrateful（不懂感恩）是对别人的臆断，与录音中“我们不会妄加论断”相悖，而且不说谢谢不代表不懂感恩，故排除D项。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、To order a solar panel installation.
B、To report a serious leak in his roof.
C、To enquire about solar panel installations.
D、To complain about the faulty solar panels.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
8. What is the man’s purpose for calling the woman? （男士给女士打电话的目的是什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音开头男士明确表示想咨询一下太阳能电池板的安装情况，C项符合题意，enquire about solar panel installations在录音中复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士问男士是否有兴趣在屋顶上安装太阳能电池板，男士表示正在考虑，但这是女士向男士的提问，男士打电话的目的是了解太阳能电池板的信息，并非预约太阳能电池板安装服务，故排除A项。录音中并没有提到屋顶漏水或者太阳能电池板的故障问题，故排除B、D两项。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He plans to install solar panels.
B、He owns a four-bedroom house.
C、He saves $300 a year.
D、He has a large family.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
9. What do we learn about the man’s neighbor from the conversation?（通过对话，我们能了解到男士邻居的哪些信息？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中男士表示，他邻居的家要更大一些，他们是个大家庭，总共有六口人。因此D项符合题意，其中的has a large family在录音中复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士表示，他的邻居大约一年前在屋顶上安装了太阳能电池板，由此可知邻居已经安装了太阳能电池板，并非计划安装，故A项错误。录音中提到，邻居一家总共有六口人，但并没有说是几居室，而女士提到的四居室只是为举例说明安装电池板能节省多少钱，并不是邻居的情况，故B项错误。录音中男士提到，到目前为止，用太阳能电池板给热水器供电已经为他的邻居节省了500多美元，并非300美元，故排除C项。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The service of the solar panel company.
B、The cost of a solar panel installation.
C、The maintenance of the solar panels.
D、The quality of the solar panels.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
10. What is one of the man’s chief concerns? （男士主要关心的一点是什么？）
解析：B。此题可用到视听一致原则作答，需注意出题点在问句。录音中男士问女士常规安装大约需要多少钱，由此可知，男士关心的是安装太阳能电池板的费用，B项与录音内容一致，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士主要咨询的是太阳能电池板的节省情况以及相关费用，并未提及太阳能电池板公司的服务以及太阳能电池板的维护和质量问题，故排除A、C、D三项。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、One year and a half.
B、Less than four years.
C、Roughly six years.
D、About five years.
解析：
听力原文
W: Rays Solar. Lisa speaking. How can I help?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. (8) [I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.]
W: Yes, what would you like to know?
M: Well, my neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
W: Well, I’m not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor’s is bigger. I’m not sure how many panels he has up there, (9) [but he does have a large family of six.]
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
M: Yes, I’m considering it.
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
M: OK. I might do that. (10) [But just quickly, if you don’t mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?]
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it’s around $2,000. But you know, (11) [a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.]
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
11. How long will it take a typical household to make back the initial investment?（一般来说一个家庭多长时间能收回成本？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音结尾女士表示，一般来说一家在5年内就能收回成本。D项的About five years在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中未出现“一年半”这一时间长度，排除A项。录音中出现的数字4指的是在屋顶的一侧安装4块电池板每年可以为一个四口之家节省大约300美元，出现的数字6指的是男士邻居一家总共有六口人，并没有说一个家庭不到四年或大约六年能收回成本，故排除B项和C项。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、At a travel agency.
B、At an Australian airport.
C、At an airline transfer service.
D、At a local transportation authority.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
12. Where is the conversation taking place? （这段对话的地点是在哪里？）
解析：A。录音中女士表示想预订到澳大利亚的度假旅行，希望了解一下优惠活动，男士则问她是只想预定航班，还是想要一价全包的度假套餐。由此可知女士是在旅行社咨询相关业务，A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的Australi和airport进行干扰，但录音中说的是女士想要到澳大利亚旅行，需要订机票，并不是说对话发生在一个澳大利亚的机场，故B项错误。机场的转机服务台和当地交通部门不提供旅行套餐的咨询服务，故排除C项和D项。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She would be able to visit more scenic spots.
B、She wanted to save as much money as possible.
C、She would like to have everything taken care of.
D、She wanted to spend more time with her family.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
13. Why is the woman interested in package holidays? （女士为什么对度假套餐有兴趣？）
解析：C。录音中女士说自己要和家人一起去，所以如果一切都有人安排妥当的话就最好了。因此C项符合题意，其中have everything taken care of在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中女士没有提到希望参观更多景点或尽可能省钱，故排除A项和B项。录音中女士只是说自己要和家人一起去，并未说自己要花更多时间陪伴家人，D项错误。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Four days.
B、Five days.
C、One week.
D、Two weeks.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
14. How long does the woman want to go for the holiday? （女士想要度假多久？）
解析：D。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中男士问女士想在哪一天去以及打算去多久，女士回答圣诞节前后两个星期比较好。因此D选项符合题意，Two weeks在录音中复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到四天这个时间，指的是男士提出的旅行计划中剩下的4个晚上，女士可以从附近可能去到的其他地方的行程列表中选择，并不是说女士要度假四天，排除A项。录音中提到五天这个时间，指的是在澳大利亚东南部住的14晚中包括在悉尼住5晚，在墨尔本住5晚，并非是说女士要度假五天，排除B项。录音中未提及一周这个时间，排除C项。
15、Question 15 is base on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Choosing some activities herself.
B、Spending Christmas with Australians.
C、Driving along the Great Ocean Road.
D、Learning more about wine making.
解析：
听力原文
M: (12) [Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?]
W: (12) [Oh, no problem. I’m interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.]
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
W: When you say “everything”, what do you mean?
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest, and transport to and from the airport.
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. (13) [I’m going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.] So what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and on what dates?
W: (14) [Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.]
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here’s one. 14 nights in southeastern Australia—five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights, you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you’re interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
W: That sounds great. (15) [It’s good we can choose some activities ourselves.]
15. What does the woman say she likes about the holiday package?（女士说她喜欢度假套餐的哪一点？）
解析：A。此题可用到视听一致原则作答。录音中女士表示，套餐听起来很棒，有自己选择一部分活动的空间就很不错。因此女士喜欢的是套餐中能够自行选择一些活动，A项的Choosing some activities herself对应录音中的choose some activities ourselves，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到圣诞节说的是女士想在圣诞节前后去澳大利亚旅行，并没有说可以和澳大利亚人共度圣诞节，故排除B项。沿大洋路开车兜风是男士给女士的建议，但女士并没有表示她对这个建议的态度，故排除C项。录音最后男士说到，如果女士对葡萄酒感兴趣，她可以去参观那些种植葡萄和酿酒的地方，因此D项也只是男士关于套餐中的活动给女士的建议，女士同样未对此表态，故排除D项。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Bring their own bags when shopping.
B、Use public transport when traveling.
C、Dispose of their trash properly.
D、Pay a green tax upon arrival.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
16. What would tourists have to do when they visit Indonesia’s Bali Island?（到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将需要做什么？）
解析：D。此题为开头出题，会用到视听一致和同义替换。录音开头说到，从明年起，到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将面临每人14美元的新税。不过，这是一项环保税。由此可知，到印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假的游客将要缴纳一项环保税。D项符合题意，其中的关键词green tax在录音中复现，upon arrival对应录音中的when they arrive，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中间部分提到，几个月前，考斯特宣布了一项计划，不仅禁止超市和便利店使用一次性塑料袋，还在全岛范围内禁止使用塑料袋和吸管，但并没有说游客需要自带购物袋，排除A项。录音中并未提到游客需要乘坐公共交通工具或是需要妥善处理他们的垃圾，排除B、C两项。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has not been doing a good job in recycling.
B、It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning.
C、It has not attracted many tourists in recent years.
D、It has experienced an overall decline in air quality.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
17. What does the passage say about Indonesia?（关于印度尼西亚，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。此题会用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，回收利用并不是印度尼西亚这个国家的强项。因此A项符合题意，其中的recycling为原词复现，not been doing a good job是对录音中not one of the country’s strong points的同义替换，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中提到的drowning作干扰，但录音中说的是印度尼西亚正逐渐被塑料品淹没（Indonesia is drowning in plastics），并非是在说溺水事件，故B项错误。录音中并没有提及印度尼西亚对游客的吸引力以及空气质量的问题，排除C和D项。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets.
B、To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali island.
C、To promote the use of paper bags for shopping.
D、To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering.
解析：
听力原文
(16) [Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per -person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax], which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island’s natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. (17) [Recycling is not one of the country’s strong points.] It’s not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. (18) [A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.] The regulation will come into full effect next month. “We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas.” Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island’s waterways in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
18. What is the new plan Governor Koster recently announced?（考斯特省长最近宣布了什么新计划？）
解析：B。此题会用到视听一致原则。录音中提到，几个月前，考斯特宣布了一项计划，不仅禁止超市和便利店使用一次性塑料袋，还在全岛范围内禁止使用塑料袋和吸管。因此B项符合题意，其中的ban single-use plastic bags、straws和Bali island均为原词复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到在巴厘岛禁用一次性塑料袋，但并未提到要对超市的塑料制品收取一小部分费用或是推广使用纸袋购物，故排除A项和C项。录音中未提及对乱扔垃圾的人处以罚款，排除D项。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It gives birth to several babies at a time.
B、It is the least protected mammal species.
C、Its breeding grounds are now better preserved.
D、Its population is now showing signs of increase.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
19. What do we learn from the passage about the North Atlantic right whale?（关于北大西洋露脊鲸，我们可以从文章中了解到什么？）
解析：D。此题为录音开头出题，考察句意理解。录音开头提到，一种濒临灭绝的鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）正在美国海岸附近经历一次小规模的生育潮。因此D项符合题意，Its population is now showing signs of increase是对录音中experiencing a small baby boom的同义替换，为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的give birth和babies作干扰，但录音中只说到了露脊鲸的分娩地，没有提到露脊鲸一次性可产几头幼鲸，A项属于主观臆断，排除。录音中只提到露脊鲸是地球上最稀有的物种之一（one of the rarest species of whale），未提及它是最缺乏保护的哺乳类动物，排除B项。录音中未提及露脊鲸的繁衍地是否得到了更好的保护，排除C项。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Global warming.
B、Polluted seawater.
C、Commercial hunting.
D、Decreasing birthrates.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
20. What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years?（近年来，是什么导致了鲸鱼数量的减少？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，由于近年来的商业捕鲸活动，鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）的数量已经濒临灭绝。因此C项符合题意，Commercial hunting是对录音中commercial whaling activities的同义替换，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到全球变暖或海水污染的问题，排除A和B项。录音开头说到，一种濒临灭绝的鲸鱼（北大西洋露脊鲸）正在美国海岸附近经历一次小规模的生育潮，可知鲸鱼并非由于出生率下降而濒临灭绝，D项错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To mate.
B、To look for food.
C、To escape hunters.
D、To seek breeding grounds.
解析：
听力原文
(19) [An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small baby boom off the coast of America.] The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That’s big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. (20) [The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years.] This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. (21) [The whales give birth off the southeast coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the northeast coast in the early spring.] The northeast coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with “unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals.” It’s illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
21. Why do the whales travel to the northeast coast of America in the early spring?（鲸鱼为什么在早春时节游向美国东北海岸？）
解析：B。录音中说到，鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸分娩，早春时游到美国东北海岸觅食。因此B项正确，To look for food对应录音中的feeding grounds，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到鲸鱼是为了交配或躲避捕猎者而前往美国东北海岸，排除A项和C项。录音中提到，鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸分娩，并非东北海岸，D项错误。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They prefer to drink low-fat milk.
B、They think milk is good for health.
C、They consume less milk these days.
D、They buy more milk than the British.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
22. What does the passage say about Americans? （关于美国人，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：C。此题可用到视听一致和同义替换。录音中提到，与上世纪70年代相比，美国人的牛奶饮用量减少了37%。因此C项符合题意，其中less milk为原词复现，关键词consume对应录音中的drink，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中并没有提到低脂牛奶，排除A项。录音中提到人们曾经因为牛奶营养丰富而对其进行广泛宣传，但现在人们喝的牛奶少了，并且越来越多地从负面角度来形容牛奶，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。录音中提到，与上世纪70年代相比，美国人的牛奶饮用量减少了37%。而在英国，乳制品的总消耗量在过去20年里下降了三分之一，并没有对比英国人和美国人谁买的牛奶更多，D项错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is not as healthy as once thought.
B、It is not easy to stay fresh for long.
C、It benefits the elderly more.
D、It tends to make people fat.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
23. How do Americans and British people think of milk nowadays?（美国人和英国人如今对牛奶的看法是什么？）
解析：A。录音中说到，英国人和美国人喝的牛奶减少，人们越来越多地从负面的角度来形容牛奶。最近的一篇博客指出，也许人们喝牛奶变少的原因是牛奶会对我们很多人的身体造成损害。A项It is not as healthy as once thought是对此内容的概括总结，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到牛奶保鲜和牛奶对老年人的益处等相关信息，排除B项和C项。录音中提到，牛奶热量不高，也就是说牛奶并不易使人发胖，D项错误。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They drink too many pints every day.
B、They are sensitive to certain minerals.
C、They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.
D、They have eaten food incompatible with milk.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
24. Why does drinking milk cause pain in some people? （为什么喝牛奶会使一些人身体疼痛？）
解析：C。录音中提到，如果人体内分解乳糖的蛋白质含量不足，乳糖就会被人体中的细菌分解。这会引起身体疼痛，并导致胃胀气。由此可知，一些人喝牛奶后身体疼痛是由于缺乏相关蛋白质，C项符合题意，其中的lack...proteins对应录音中的Without enough of these proteins，to digest it对应to break it down，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中没有提到牛奶饮用量对人体的影响或牛奶中的矿物质，同样也没有提到与牛奶相克的食物，故排除A、B、D三项。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is easier for sick people to digest.
B、It provides some necessary nutrients.
C、It is healthier than other animal products.
D、It supplies the body with enough calories.
解析：
听力原文
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal, and 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. (22) [Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s.] And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. (23) [Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested: “Maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.”] Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. (24) [It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.] However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don’t continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. (25) [Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn’t full of calories.] You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking the proteins to digest milk.
25. What does the passage say is a benefit of milk?（这篇文章提到牛奶的一个好处是什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到，牛奶很有营养，含有维生素A、维生素D和蛋白质，因此B项是对此内容的概括总结，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，然而，在结束母乳喂养或配方奶粉喂养后，大多数人体内都不会继续再产生分解乳糖所必需的复杂蛋白质。因此牛奶并不易被人体消化，A项错误。录音中并未将牛奶与其他动物制品相比较，C项错误。录音最后提到，牛奶热量不高，未提到它是否可以为人体提供充足能量，D项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
When my son completes a task, I can’t help but praise him. It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from (26)_____ praise as much as we’d like to think. “Parents often praise, believing they are building their child’s self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a (27)_____ effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise (28)_____ , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be (29)_____with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of (30)_____their parents.”
Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the (31)_____ . It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the (32)_____ of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to (33)_____ between “person praise” and “process praise”. “Person praise is (34)_____ saying how great someone is. It’s a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgment of the efforts the person has just (35)_____ . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.
26、(1)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：
名词
constant 常数；常量
negative 否定；阴性
outcome 结果；效果
pattern 模式；方式
plural 复数；复数形式
动词
choose 选择，选取
disappointing (-ing) 使……失望
distinguish 区分；辨别
exhausting (-ing) 使……筋疲力尽
experienced (-ed) 经历；经受
pattern 构成图案；促成
rewarded (-ed) 奖励；奖赏
undertaken (-ed) 承担；从事
形容词
constant 不断的；恒定的
disappointing 令人失望的
exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的
experienced 有经验的；熟练的
negative 负面的；消极的
plural 复数的；多样的
副词
repeatedly 反复地
separately 分别地；单独地
simply 仅仅；确实
26. constant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为benefit from，空格后为praise，意为“从 ____ 表扬中受益”，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰praise，说明是从什么样的表扬中受益。根据空格前一句说到的too much praise可知，作者的态度是对父母过度表扬孩子的现象表示质疑，形容词选项中与这一表述含义相近的只有constant，代入空格表示“儿童并不像我们想象的那样，会从不断的表扬中受益那么多”，符合题意。本题比较有干扰性的选项是plural，其形容词含义是“复数的；多样的”，虽然在意义上与too much有一定相关性，但全文讨论的重点是过多的表扬是否有益，而没有提及表扬的多样性，故排除plural。
27. negative
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为a，空格后为名词effect，因此空格处应填入形容词。根据However可知，空格所在句应该与上文形成逻辑上的转折。空格的前一句说到，父母经常表扬孩子，认为这会培养孩子的自信心。这里指出了表扬的积极作用，所以空格所在句若要与前文形成转折，就应该与表扬的消极作用有关，形容词选项中填入空格能够构成合理语义的只有negative，代入空格意为“然而，过度表扬也会产生负面影响”，符合题意。
28. repeatedly
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，因此空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为，当我们 ____ 使用同样的话进行表扬时，表扬可能就变得空洞、无意义，不再受到孩子的重视。根据空格前的the same可知，作者是要表达与“相同、重复”相近的意思，选项中只有repeatedly代入空格可以构成合理语义，表示“当我们反复使用同样的话进行表扬时”，符合题意，故选repeatedly。
29. rewarded
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为that引导的同位语从句，从句中主语为anything，they do为省略连接词的定语从句修饰anything，谓语为must be ____，谓语成分不完整，空格后面为介词短语with praise，空格处可以填入动词分词形式或形容词。根据句意，“这很可能会变成一种期待，即孩子觉得自己所做的任何事情都必须用表扬来 ”，选项中能够与be ____ with搭配构成合理语义的只有rewarded，填入空格后表示“用表扬来奖励/回报”，符合题意。
30. disappointing
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为fear of，空格后为their parents，因此空格处应填入动词的现在分词形式。空格所在句意为，孩子做什么事情都期待得到父母的表扬，这可能会导致孩子不愿意去冒险，因为他们害怕 ____ 父母。选项中disappointing和exhausting在形式上符合现在分词的要求，填入空格分别表示“使父母失望”和“使父母精疲力竭”，再结合上下文，只有填入disappointing可以构成合理语义，因此选disappointing。
31. outcome
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the，因此空格处应填入名词。空格前的rather than在句中表示“而不是……”，由此可知空格处的词应与rather than前面的the process（过程）相对，所以空格处应填入与“结果”意思相近的词。选项中只有outcome代入空格可以构成合理语义，表示“合理表扬的关键是关注过程而不是结果”。
32. pattern
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the，空格后of，因此空格处应填入名词。空格所在句意为，那怎样才能打破已经习以为常的表扬 ____ 呢？结合前文一直所说的“过度表扬会产生负面影响”以及“表扬应该关注过程而不是结果”可知，这里说的是要打破固有的表扬方式，名词选项中只有pattern符合题意，表示“打破固有的表扬模式”，故选pattern。
33. distinguish
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为it’s important to，空格后为介宾短语，因此空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，前面说到要打破人们习以为常的表扬方式，空格后又说到“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”，并且对这两种不同的表扬方式作了简单解释，由此推知空格处表达的意思是要把两者区分开，选项中只有distinguish代入空格能够构成合理语义，表示“将‘个人表扬’和‘过程表扬’区分开很重要”，故distinguish为正确答案。
34. simply
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格处于谓语is和saying之间，因此空格处应填入副词。空格所在句意为，个人表扬仅仅就是说一个人有多好，这是一种对个人的认可形式。副词选项中只有simply代入空格符合语境，表示“个人表扬仅仅是说一个人有多好”，符合题意。
35. undertaken
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干为Process praise is acknowledgment of the efforts，空格所在部分为省略连接词的定语从句，修饰efforts，该定语从句的主语为the person，谓语不完整，为has ____，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词，构成完成时态的谓语。选项中experienced、rewarded和undertaken为过去分词形式，填入空格能构成合理语义的只有undertaken，undertake efforts表示“付诸努力”，整句话的意思为“过程表扬是对一个人付出的努力表示肯定”，符合题意，故选undertaken。
27、(2)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、experienced
B、constant
C、simply
D、exhausting
E、rewarded
F、repeatedly
G、disappointing
H、outcome
I、pattern
J、choose
K、negative
L、distinguish
M、separately
N、undertaken
O、plural
解析：见上一题！
Poverty is a story about us, not them
【A】Too often still, we think we know what poverty looks like. It’s the way we’ve been taught, the images we’ve been force-fed for decades. The chronically homeless. The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor, usually personified as a woman of color, the “welfare queen” politicians still too often reference.
【B】But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a record economic expansion, those familiar images are outdated, hurtful, and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.
【C】Today’s faces of income inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us. It’s Anna Landre, a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow her the freedom to live her life. It’s Tiffanie Standard, a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be tech entrepreneurs—but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat. It’s Ken Outlaw, a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence—just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation.
【D】If these are the central characters of our story about poverty, what layers of perceptions, myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing this complicated reality, Mothering Justice, led by women of color, went last year to the state capital in Lansing, Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers. One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare—the vestiges(痕迹) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked. A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns, telling her “my husband took care of that—I stayed home.”
【E】That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson, “was meant to shame” and relied on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom, probably with multiple kids. In this case, the Mothering Justice activist happened to be married. And in most cases in the America of 2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality: poverty touches virtually all of us. The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.
【F】How many of us are poor in the U.S.? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau, 38 million people in the U.S. are living below the official poverty thresholds. Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure, the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million people are poor or low-income. That’s almost half the U.S. population.
【G】Whatever the measure, within that massive group, poverty is extremely diverse. We know that some people are more affected than others, like children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people of color.
【H】But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can’t come up with $400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography. It even reaches into the middle classes, as real wages have stagnated (不增长) for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.
【I】Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own efforts and change a bad situation into a good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families, friends, schools, and community is virtually impossible. And the playing field is nothing close to level.
【J】The FrameWorks Institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues, has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom. “People view economic success and wellbeing in life as a product of choice, willpower and drive,” says Nat Kendall-Taylor, CEO of FrameWorks. “When we see people who are struggling,” he says, those assumptions “lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy, they don’t care, and they haven’t made the right decisions.”
【K】Does this sound familiar? Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S. And these assumptions give a false picture of reality. “When people enter into that pattern of thinking,” says Kendall-Taylor, “it’s cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive blindness—all of the factors external to a person’s drive and choices that they’ve made become invisible and fade from view.”
【L】Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race, gender, or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive. There is a great tension between “the poor” and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word: “welfare”.
【M】According to the General Social Survey, 71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too little on “assistance to the poor.” On the other hand, 22 percent think we are spending too little on “welfare”: 37 percent believe we are spending too much.
【N】“Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color—specifically black women and black mothers,” says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It’s true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups, yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty. For example, Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.
【O】In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. Indeed, people tend to dip in and out of poverty, perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job, or when hours of low-wage job fluctuate.
【P】Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.
36、36. One legislative staffer assumed that a woman of color who advocated affordable childcare must be a single mother.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：36. 一名立法工作人员认为，如果哪位有色人种女性提倡推行能负担得起的儿童托管服务，那么她一定是位单身母亲。
解析：E。根据题干中的One legislative staffer和affordable childcare可定位至D段后两句，根据题干中的a woman of color和a single mother可定位至E段第一句。D段后两句提到，当“母性正义”的一位组织者和州立代表反映缺乏能负担得起的儿童托管服务时，一名立法工作人员回绝了这一诉求，告诉她自己可以寻求丈夫的协助。接下来在E段第一句表示，“母性正义”组织的主任丹妮尔·阿特金森说，这番言论“意在羞辱”，它依据的是人们熟悉的观念，即关注收入不平等和人口流动促进项目的有色人种女性必定是一位单身妈妈，而且可能有好几个孩子。这句话揭示了D段中一位立法工作人员所持观点，即如果哪位有色人种女性提倡推行能负担得起的儿童托管服务，那么她一定是位单身母亲。题干中的legislative staffer和affordable childcare在D段中复现，a woman of color在E段第一句中复现，a single mother是对该句中a single mom的同义替换，因此题干是对E段第一句部分内容的同义替换，故E为正确答案。
37. 各种种族、性别和地区的人们都缺乏经济保障。
解析：H。根据题干中的a lack of financial security和races, genders, and regions可定位至H段第一句。该句表示，但事实上，每10个美国人里有4个人无法在紧急情况下拿出400美元，这一数据被广泛引用是有充足理由的：经济的不稳定跨越了种族、性别和地域。由此可知，不论种族、性别和地理位置，人们都面临着经济状况不稳定的问题，即缺乏经济保障。题干中的a lack of financial security是对H段第一句中economic instability的同义转述，题干中的races, genders, and regions对应该句中的race, gender, and geography，题干是对H段第一句部分内容的同义转述，故H为正确答案。38. 根据一项调查，大多数人认为目前给予穷人的援助过少，而超过三分之一的人认为用于社会福利的支出过多。
解析：M。根据题干中的According to a survey、assistance is given to the poor和welfare可定位至M段。该段说到，根据综合社会调查，71%的受访者认为国家在“帮助穷人”方面的支出太少。另一方面，22%的人认为国家在“福利”方面的支出过少，37%的人则认为该项支出过多。题干中的the majority对应原文中的71%，题干中的more than a third对应原文中的37%，因此题干是对M段内容的概括总结，故M为正确答案。39. 一个研究小组发现，人们会认为那些挣扎度日的美国人都是些懒人，而且他们做出过错误的决定。
解析：J。根据题干中的A research group、struggling和lazy可定位至J段。该段说到，一个研究小组发现，人们将经济上的成功和生活的幸福视为选择、意志力和驱动力的产物，当我们看到那些正在生活里挣扎的人，上述想法会让我们觉得穷人懒惰、满不在乎，而且没有做出正确的决定。题干中的research group、struggling和lazy在本段第二句中复现，题干中的have made the wrong decisions是对本段第三句中haven’t made the right decisions的同义替换，因此题干是对J段部分内容的同义替换，故J为正确答案。
40. 在美国的旧体制下，母亲被认为应该待在家里照顾孩子。
解析：D。根据题干中的a mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children可定位至D段第三句。该句表示，“母性正义”组织的一名成员前往州代表办公室，反映人们负担得起的儿童托管服务十分匮乏这一问题——这是一种旧制度的残留，这种制度要求妻子在丈夫工作时留在家里照看孩子。题干中的old system即本句中提到的system，题干中的a mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children是对原文中expected mothers to stay home with their children的同义替换，因此题干是对D段第三句部分内容的同义转述，故D为正确答案。
41. 调查发现，近50%的美国人处于贫穷或低收入状态。
解析：F。根据题干中的are poor or receive low pay可定位至F段第四句。该句表示，政策研究所发现，除了这一绝对标准之外，考虑到经济需求，还有1.4亿人处于贫困或低收入状态。随后在下一句指出，这一数字几乎是美国人口的一半。结合这两句理解可知，美国几乎有一半人口处于贫穷或低收入状态。题干中的are poor or receive low pay是对定位句中are poor or low-income的同义替换，题干是对F段第四、五句内容的概括总结，故F为正确答案。42. 美国人通常高估了能够获得社会福利的黑人人数。
解析：N。根据题干中的overestimate和the number of blacks可定位至N段最后一句。该句表示，美国人通常会高估能够接受公共援助项目的黑人所占比例。题干中的overestimate在定位句中原词复现，题干中的the number of blacks receiving welfare benefits是对定位句中the share of black recipients of public assistance programs的同义替换，因此题干是对N段最后一句的同义转述，故N为正确答案。43. 美国人不可能完全依靠自己的力量摆脱贫困。
解析：I。根据题干中的impossible、lift themselves out of poverty和on their own可定位至I段。该段第二句表示，在美国最为盛行的一个不实之说就是：你可以凭一己之力振作起来，扭转糟糕的局面。随后又在第三句中说到，事实上，如果没有来自家庭、朋友、学校和社区的帮助，几乎不可能找到机会。由此总结可知，美国人无法单靠自己的力量摆脱贫困，题干中的impossible在本段中复现，lift themselves out of poverty对应I段第二句中的pull yourself up，entirely on their own是对I段第二句中by your own efforts的同义替换，故题干是对本段部分内容的概括总结，因此I为正确答案。
44. 如今，似乎没有人能摆脱收入不平等的状况。
解析：C。根据题干中的Nowadays、none of us和income inequality可定位至C段第一句。该句指出，我们似乎所有人都面临着收入不平等和机会匮乏的问题。题干中的Nowadays对应C段第一句中的Today，it seems none of us对应该句中的look like all of us，income inequality为原词复现，因此题干是对C段第一句的同义转述，故C为正确答案。45. 当穷人靠福利过活时，外界对他们的看法会变得更加负面。
解析：L。根据题干中的Assumptions about poor people和more negative可定位至L段第二句。该句表示，当穷人靠政府救济过活时，人们的看法会变得更加负面。题干中的Assumptions为原词复现，题干中的even more negative是对该句中get worse的同义替换，when they live on welfare是对该句中use government benefits to help them survive的同义替换，因此题干是对L段第二句的同义转述，故L为正确答案。
37、37. People from different races, genders, and regions all suffer from a lack of financial security.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
38、38. According to a survey, while the majority believe too little assistance is given to the poor, more than a third believe too much is spent on welfare.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
39、39. A research group has found that Americans who are struggling are thought to be lazy and to have made the wrong decisions.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
40、40. Under the old system in America, a mother was supposed to stay home and take care of her children.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
41、41. It was found that nearly 50% of Americans are poor or receive low pay.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
42、42. Americans usually overestimate the number of blacks receiving welfare benefits.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
43、43. It is impossible for Americans to lift themselves out of poverty entirely on their own.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Nowadays, it seems none of us can get away from income inequality.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Assumptions about poor people become even more negative when they live on welfare.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：见上一题！
Boredom has, paradoxically, become quite interesting to academics lately. In early May, London’s Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness. At this event, people flocked to talks about weather, traffic jams, and vending-machine sounds, among other sleep-inducing topics.
What, exactly, is everybody studying? One widely accepted psychological definition of boredom is “the distasteful experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” But how can you quantify a person’s boredom level and compare it with someone else’s? In 1986, psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale, designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored. By contrast, the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, developed in 2008, measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation.
Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving, mindless snacking, excessive drinking, and addictive gambling. In fact, many of us would choose pain over boredom. One team of psychologists discovered that two-thirds of men and a quarter of women would rather self-administer electric shocks than sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes. Researching this phenomenon, another team asked volunteers to watch boring, sad, or neutral films, during which they could self-administer electric shocks. The bored volunteers shocked themselves more and harder than the sad or neutral ones did.
But boredom isn’t all bad. By encouraging self-reflection and daydreaming, it can spur creativity. An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association exercises. Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive answers to combat boredom. A British study took these findings one step further, asking subjects to complete a creative challenge (coming up with a list of alternative uses for a household item). One group of subjects did a boring activity first, while the others went straight to the creative task. Those whose boredom pumps had been primed were more productive.
In our always-connected world, boredom may be a hard-to-define state, but it is a fertile one. Watch paint dry or water boil, or at least put away your smartphone for a while, and you might unlock your next big idea.
46、46. When are people likely to experience boredom, according to an accepted psychological definition?
A、When they don’t have the chance to do what they want.
B、When they don’t enjoy the materials they are studying.
C、When they experience something unpleasant.
D、When they engage in some routine activities.
解析：
解析：A。根据题目中的experience boredom和accepted psychological definition可定位至原文第二段第二句。该句提到，人们所广泛接受的关于“无聊”的心理学定义是“想要参加能带来满足感的活动却无能为力，由此产生的一种不愉快的体验”。A项与此内容相符，其中don’t have the chance对应原文第二段第二句中的being unable，do what they want对应该句中的engage in satisfying activity，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：原文中未提及有关学习资料的内容，而且B项有“被强迫做自己不喜欢的事情”的含义，与原文中“想要参加能带来满足感的活动却无能为力”这一定义不符，故排除B项。C项中的“经历不愉快的事情（experience something unpleasant）”不等同于原文定义中的“因不能参加能带来满足感的活动而产生的一种不愉快的体验（the distasteful experience）”，故排除。D项利用原文中出现的engage in和activity设置干扰，但“进行常规活动”不符合原文中关于“无聊”的定义，故排除D项。
47、47. What does the author say boredom can lead to?
A、Determination.
B、Mental deterioration.
C、Concentration.
D、Harmful conduct.
解析：
解析：D。题目问的是无聊所导致的后果。原文第三段第一句提到，无聊与一些行为问题有关，包括开车时漫不经心、无所顾忌地吃零食、饮酒过量和赌博成瘾。由此可知，无聊会导致一些有害的行为，D项Harmful conduct（有害的行为）是对原文第三段第一句中一系列行为问题（behavior issues）的概括总结，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中没有提及无聊会令一个人更有决心，故A项排除。B项的Mental deterioration无法涵盖原文中提到的一系列行为问题，故排除。C项利用原文中出现的inattentive设置干扰，但原文中说的是无聊会导致人们在开车时漫不经心，即注意力不集中，C项与原文内容相悖，故排除。
48、48. What is the finding of one team of psychologists in their experiment?
A、Volunteers prefer watching a boring movie to sitting alone deliberating.
B、Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom.
C、Male volunteers are more immune to the effects of boredom than females.
D、Many volunteers are unable to resist boredom longer than fifteen minutes.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的one team of psychologists和their experiment可定位至原文第三段第三句。该句提到，心理学家在实验中发现，三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿电击自己，也不愿独自坐着思考15分钟。这一发现也呼应了前面一句的“事实上，我们中的许多人宁愿选择疼痛，也不愿意忍受无聊（many of us would choose pain over boredom）。”B项与此内容相符，其中的Many volunteers对应原文第三段第三句中的two-thirds of men and a quarter of women，choose to hurt themselves对应该句中的would rather self-administer electric shocks，endure boredom对应该句中的sit alone with their thoughts for 15 minutes，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用原文中出现的watch boring...films和sit alone with their thoughts设置干扰，但原文中提到，在自我电击和独自坐着思考之间做选择的实验与看电影的实验是由两组研究人员进行的两个不同的实验，A项将两个不同的实验内容混为一谈，属于细节拼凑，故排除。原文中只提到三分之二的男性和四分之一的女性宁愿自我电击也不愿独自坐着思考，没有比较男性和女性谁相对不太容易受到无聊的影响，故排除C项。D项利用原文中出现的15 minutes作干扰，但这里说的是很多志愿者宁愿自我电击也不愿独自坐着思考15分钟，并不等同于说志愿者无法忍受超过15分钟的无聊时光，原文中并未提及志愿者忍受无聊的时长上限，故排除D项。
49、49. Why does the author say boredom isn’t all bad?
A、It stimulates memorization.
B、It may promote creative thinking.
C、It allows time for relaxation.
D、It may facilitate independent learning.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的boredom isn’t all bad可定位至原文第四段开头。该段提到，无聊可以激发人们的创造力（spur creativity）。B项内容与此相符，且该段后半部分提到的英国研究证实了这一观点，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中虽然提到了stimulate的近义词spur（推动；激励），但没有提及有关于记忆（memorization）的内容，故排除A项。C项利用原文中提到的exhausted设置干扰，但这个词在此处表示的是“所有显而易见的答案都被用尽”，而不表示身体的“筋疲力尽”，原文中也没有提到有关于放松的内容，故排除C项。D项中的facilitate independent learning在原文中未提及，故排除。
50、50. What does the author suggest one do when faced with a challenging problem?
A、Stop idling and think big.
B、Unlock one’s smartphone.
C、Look around oneself for stimulation.
D、Allow oneself some time to be bored.
解析：
解析：D。原文最后一段提到，无聊也许是一种难以定义的状态，但却可以产生好的结果（but it is a fertile one）。随后提出建议：可以让自己处于无聊的状态，说不定这会解锁下一个大创意。由此可知，作者建议人们让自己无所事事一段时间，D项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文中出现的big idea设置干扰，但原文中说的是人们在无所事事一段时间之后，可能会解锁下一个大创意，A项中的Stop idling与原文中的建议相悖，故排除。原文中建议人们把智能手机放在一边（put away your smartphone），而B项的Unlock one’s smartphone（打开智能手机）与原文意思相反，故排除。原文中建议人们无所事事一段时间，做一些无聊的事情，而不是去寻求刺激，C项与原文内容相悖，故排除。
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more land and that the trees in them are bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with the fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more land in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Now forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding, trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51、51. What is catching environmentalists’ attention nowadays?
A、Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B、Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C、Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D、 Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的environmentalist’ attention可定位到原文第一段第一句。该句指出，巴西、刚果等国的森林状况引起了环保主义者的关注。随后在第二句指出，南美洲和撒哈拉以南非洲正面临大规模的森林流失：每年都有将近500万公顷的森林消失。B项与此内容相符，其中Forests are fast shrinking对应原文第一段第二句中的experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale，many developing countries对应原文第一段第一句中的countries like Brazil and the Congo和第二句开头的South America and sub-Saharan Africa，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中只是提到富裕国家的森林面积有所增加，一些发展中国家的森林在快速消失，没有提到富裕国家抢夺贫困国家的资源，故A项错误。C项利用第三段第一句中提到的abandonment of farmland设置干扰，但该句是说海拔高、气候干燥的地区的农场遭到废弃的现象尤其多，在这些地方没有什么农作物能长得好，C项中的fertile（肥沃）与该句中的nothing grows terribly well（没有什么农作物能长得好）意思相悖，而且这也不是环保主义者的关注点，故C项排除。原文第三段中提到这些富裕国家的政府对于扩大森林面积提供了政策支持和补助，D项与此内容相悖，故D项排除。
52、52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A、Those that have newly achieved independence.
B、Those that have the greatest demand for timber.
C、Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D、Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的the fastest forest growth可定位到第二段第一句。该句指出，几乎所有西方国家的森林都在扩张，而在历史上罕有树木覆盖的地区，森林的扩张速度最快。C项与此内容相符，其中used to have对应定位句中的historically had，the lowest forest coverage对应该句中的rather few trees，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文第二段中于1922年获得独立（became independent in 1922）的爱尔兰设置干扰，但这只是个例，并不代表所有新独立的国家森林增长就最快，故A项排除。B项和D项利用第三段中政府由于对木材的需求而发放补贴设置干扰，但对木材有需求是政府发放的原因之一，政府发放补贴也只是促进森林增长的因素之一，文中没有说明这些因素与fastest growth（增长率最快）有必然联系，故B、D两项排除。
53、53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A、The government’s advocacy.
B、The use of wood for fuel.
C、The favorable climate.
D、The green movement.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的encouraged forest growth可定位到第三段，该段阐述了促进这些国家森林面积增长的因素：农场遭到废弃，以及政府的政策和补助。A项中的government在第三段第四句中复现，advocacy对应该句中的policy and subsidy，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文第三段第五句中虽然提到政府需要木材建造船只和房屋，但没有提到使用木材作为燃料，故B项错误。原文中没有提到宜人的气候或环保运动有利于森林的增长，故C、D两项排除。
54、54. What accounts for our increasing desire for forests?
A、Their unique scenic beauty.
B、Their use as fruit plantations.
C、Their capability of improving air quality.
D、Their stable supply of building materials.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的increasing desire for forests可定位到第三段第六句。定位句指出，如今，森林越来越受到欢迎，因为森林可以从空气中吸收碳污染。也就是说，森林能提高空气质量。C项与此内容相符，其中improving air quality是对定位句中的suck in carbon pollution from the air的同义转述，故C项正确。
错项排除：原文中没有提到森林的美景和种植果树的用途，故A、B两项排除。第三段第五句中提到了植树造林是为了满足对木制战船的需求以及促进郊区房屋的建设，与D项中的供应建材（supply of building materials）有些关联，但这是政府支持植树造林的原因，不是我们希望森林增长的原因，故D项排除。
55、55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A、 Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B、It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C、Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D、Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions.
解析：
解析：D。本题问的是作者的结论，结合题文同序原则可定位到最后一段。该段最后一句指出，西方国家的森林增长似乎就像其他地方的森林流失一样无法阻挡。结合第一段中提到的巴西和刚果等发展中国家森林流失的例子，可知D项中的developing countries对应的就是定位句中的elsewhere，moving in opposite directions是对该句中的The growth of Western forests和deforestation elsewhere的概括总结，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第一段第二句中提到的sub-Saharan Africa设置干扰，但只是说撒哈拉以南非洲的森林在迅速消失，没有提到沙漠将逐渐消失，故A项错误。原文没有提到植树造林在人们生活中的地位，故B项排除。原文中说的是西方国家的森林增长似乎和发展中国家的的森林流失一样无法阻挡，即发展中国家的森林流失趋势依然严峻，C项与此内容相悖，故排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最佳时机，家人生活在不同地方的家庭尤其如此。团圆饭上的菜肴丰富多样，其中有些菜肴有特殊含义。例如，鱼是不可缺少的一道菜，因为汉语中的“鱼”字和“余”字听上去一样。在中国的许多地方，饺子也是一道重要的佳肴，因为饺子象征着财富和好运。
参考答案：
参考译文
It is a Chinese tradition to have a family reunion dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival. The reunion dinner is not only the most important dinner of the year, but also the best opportunity for family reunion, especially for a family with members living in different places. The dishes served at the reunion dinner are rich and varied, some of which have special meanings. For example, fish is an indispensable dish because the Chinese character for “fish” sounds the same as the character for “abundance”. In many areas of China, dumplings are also an important delicacy because they symbolize wealth and fortune.
解析：
词汇难点
春节前夕 the eve of the Spring Festival
团圆饭 a (family) reunion dinner
菜肴 dish
丰富多样 rich and varied
不可缺少的 indispensable
“余” abundance
佳肴 delicacy
象征 symbolize
财富 wealth
好运 fortune
表达难点
第一句：本句有两个动词“吃”和“是”，句子主干是“吃……是……传统”，可采用It is...to do...句式。It为形式主语，“吃团圆饭”为句子真正的主语，译为to have a family reunion dinner。
第二句：本句包含三个分句，前两个分句中的“是……”和“也是……”可用not only...but also...来表达，一起作为句子的主句。第三个分句是说前两个分句所描述的情况对家人生活在不同地方的家庭来说尤其是这样，可把该分句处理为状语，用especially for来表示；“家人生活在不同地方”作为“家庭”的定语，翻译时可将定语后置，译为with members living in different places。
第三句：本句中包含两个分句，可将第一个分句作为主句，主干为The dishes are rich and varied，“团圆饭上的”可处理为The dishes的后置定语，译为served at the reunion dinner。两个分句中都涉及到“菜肴”，可将第二个分句处理为非限制性定语从句，译为some of which have special meanings。
第四句：本句逻辑清晰，“鱼是不可缺少的一道菜”可处理为主句，直译即可。“因为汉语中的‘鱼’字和‘余’字听上去一样”可处理为原因状语从句，可用because、as或since引导。
第五句：本句包含一个原因状语从句，结构完整，逻辑清晰，直译即可。“在中国的许多地方”为地点状语，可置于句首或主句和从句之间，译为in many areas/parts/regions of China。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
As a result of technological advance, the past few decades have seen a lot of improvements in our means of transportation, bringing us both convenience and challenges.
There are several major effects that come after these changes. First of all, the change of modern transportation requires the construction of infrastructure such as railways, expressways and airports, which contributes to economic development on a large scale. Meanwhile, the diversity of transportation makes it more convenient for people to travel. Both the safety and the capacity of today’s vehicles have improved greatly compared to those in operation in the past. These developments have shortened people’s traveling time, and have improved their living standards and work efficiency.
Aside from the advantages mentioned above, there are some potential negative effects of the changes in our way of transportation, such as larger energy consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, while our country is developing transportation, we still need to pay more attention to those adverse effects.
参考译文
由于科技的进步，我们使用的交通工具在过去几十年里有了许多改进，这既为我们带来了便利，也给我们带来了挑战。
这些改变主要产生了几点影响。首先，现代交通方式的改变需要铁路、高速公路、机场等基础设施的建设，这在很大程度上会促进经济的发展。与此同时，交通的多样性使人们的出行变得更加便捷。除此之外，现代交通工具无论是安全性还是载客量都比过去提高了很多。这些发展缩短了人们旅途中花费的时间，提高了生活水平和办事效率。
交通方式的改变除了有以上优点以外，也具有一些潜在的负面影响，比如能耗加大、污染环境等。所以，我们国家在发展交通的同时，也要注意其负面影响。
解析：
写作指南
从题目所给内容可以看出，本次四级考试的作文属于情景类作文，考查考生对于“交通方式的改变”的看法。考生首先可以对这一现象进行简单说明，提出观点；然后对自己的观点进行详细阐述，重点说明交通方式改变的积极影响；最后可简单提一下消极影响，但不要偏离积极影响的主题来进行总结概括。行文时应注意语言通顺、逻辑清晰、层次分明，此外还应注意论证的合理性，即论据要能证明论点。
文章大纲
第一段：引出话题：交通方式的改变带给我们的既有便利也有挑战。
第二段：详细论述，具体说明交通方式的改变所带来的影响，主要是积极方面：有助于经济发展、为出行提供便利、提高生活水平和办事效率。
第三段：简单说明交通方式改变的消极影响，总结全文。
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