一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Watch the weather forecast.
B、Evacuate the area with the orange alert.
C、Avoid travel on Wednesday.
D、Prepare enough food and drink.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
Good morning. In today’s headlines, Scotland’s transport minister has warned of potentially extreme weather conditions as heavy snow is forecast across the country later this week. Orange warnings are in force for many areas for Wednesday and Thursday. (1) [The transport minister advised people in parts of Scotland covered by the orange alert to avoid travel on Wednesday.] This is what he said to us:“The orange warning may be raised to red in some areas. That is a warning for snow that has never been seen since the modern system came into place in Scotland.” The orange warning has been extended until 6 p.m. on Thursday. Trains, planes and ferries are also likely to be affected, with a wind chill that could see parts of Britain feeling as cold as -15℃. (2) [The head of road policing said, “I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads for their journeys.] Drivers should make sure they’re prepared for their journey with warm clothing, food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone. There could be significant traffic delays, so please start to plan your journey now and consider if you really need to travel when conditions are this poor.”
1. What were people in parts of Scotland advised to do?
解析：C。四个选项均为动词原形词组，根据weather forecast、Evacuate和Avoid等词，推测出问题可能与所做的事情有关。录音前面部分提到，交通部长建议苏格兰部分受橙色预警影响的地区居民避免在周三出行。题干中的people in parts of Scotland和C项内容均为原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项利用录音开头出现的forecast作干扰，但录音说的是预计（forecast）本周晚些时候全国范围内将有大雪，并非天气预报，故A项错误。B项利用录音中出现的orange alert作干扰，但Evacuate（撤离）一词在录音中没有提到，故排除B项。D项利用录音末尾出现的food and drink作干扰，但录音说的是建议司机准备好食物和饮料等物品，并非对当地民众的建议，故D项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Pay more attention to the roads.
B、Stay at a safer place.
C、Bring more mobile phones.
D、Take a train home.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
Good morning. In today’s headlines, Scotland’s transport minister has warned of potentially extreme weather conditions as heavy snow is forecast across the country later this week. Orange warnings are in force for many areas for Wednesday and Thursday. (1) [The transport minister advised people in parts of Scotland covered by the orange alert to avoid travel on Wednesday.] This is what he said to us:“The orange warning may be raised to red in some areas. That is a warning for snow that has never been seen since the modern system came into place in Scotland.” The orange warning has been extended until 6 p.m. on Thursday. Trains, planes and ferries are also likely to be affected, with a wind chill that could see parts of Britain feeling as cold as -15℃. (2) [The head of road policing said, “I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads for their journeys.] Drivers should make sure they’re prepared for their journey with warm clothing, food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone. There could be significant traffic delays, so please start to plan your journey now and consider if you really need to travel when conditions are this poor.”
2. What did the head of road policing urge drivers to do?
解析：A。录音后半部分提到，道路治安负责人建议司机上路要格外小心。A项内容是对录音中take extra care on the roads的同义替换，与录音表述一致，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：录音前面部分虽提到交通部长建议避免在周三出行（avoid travel on Wednesday），但“待在一个更安全的地方”并不是道路治安负责人的建议，故排除B项。C项利用录音结尾处提到的mobile phone作干扰，但录音说的是建议司机把手机充满电，而不是多带些手机，故C项错误。D项利用录音中间部分出现的Trains作干扰，但录音说的是火车、飞机和渡船也可能受到影响，与坐火车回家无关，而且这也不是道路治安负责人给司机的建议，故D项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、There is only one ecosystem in Europe.
B、Romania’s wetlands thrive again.
C、The wildlife in Romania isn’t well protected.
D、There are 200 species of birds in Romania’s wetlands.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
(3) [Romania’s wetlands are coming back to life] thanks to help from local communities, the World Wildlife Fund, and funding from the European Union. Roughly 2,224 acres of the picturesque Danube Delta—home to 300 species of birds—have filled with wildlife. The land has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.
“A lot of birds have migrated to the area, and one doesn’t need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes to watch the birds,” says Ion Meuta, Deputy Mayor of Mahmudia.
The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the third most bio-diverse in the world, after Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands. Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the waterways. (4) [Government officials proposed to protect the area’s endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next decade.]
3. What is the news report mainly about?
解析：B。根据选项中的Romania、wetlands、wildlife等词，推测题目可能与罗马尼亚的生态情况有关，听音时需要注意。录音开头说到，罗马尼亚的湿地正在恢复生机，B项内容与录音表述一致，Romania’s wetlands为原词复现，thrive again是对录音中are coming back to life的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：录音开头出现了European一词，但只是提到了欧盟，并没有说欧洲只有一个生态系统，故排除。C项利用录音中的wildlife作干扰，录音中第一次提到wildlife是开头部分的世界野生动物基金会，第二次提到wildlife是说罗马尼亚湿地有许多野生动物，并没有说野生动物没有得到保护，故C项错误。录音中提到罗马尼亚湿地有300多种鸟类（300 species of birds），并非200，而且这只属于细节信息，并不是新闻的主要内容，故D项错误。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Block the waterways.
B、Restore the fishing ban.
C、Use monitoring equipment.
D、Prohibit fishing in the next 10 years.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
(3) [Romania’s wetlands are coming back to life] thanks to help from local communities, the World Wildlife Fund, and funding from the European Union. Roughly 2,224 acres of the picturesque Danube Delta—home to 300 species of birds—have filled with wildlife. The land has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.
“A lot of birds have migrated to the area, and one doesn’t need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes to watch the birds,” says Ion Meuta, Deputy Mayor of Mahmudia.
The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the third most bio-diverse in the world, after Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands. Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the waterways. (4) [Government officials proposed to protect the area’s endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next decade.]
4. What did government officials propose to do to protect the endangered fish?
解析：D。录音最后说到，政府官员提议（Government officials proposed to）在未来10年颁布禁渔令，以保护该地区濒危的野生鱼类（protect the area’s endangered wild fish）。D项“在未来10年禁止捕鱼”是对录音中issuing a fishing ban over the next decade的同义替换，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项利用录音末尾出现的waterways作干扰，但录音说的是有一些组织使用运土设备来修复这里的水道，并没有说到阻塞水道，Block一词在录音中没有提及，故A项错误。B项利用Restore和fishing ban作干扰，但录音说的是修复（restore）水道，并非恢复捕鱼禁令，而且录音中也没有提到之前是否有颁布过禁渔令，故B项错误。录音末尾只提到了earth-moving equipment（运土设备），并没有提及C项中的monitoring equipment（监控设备），故排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He had a car accident.
B、He attended his graduation ceremony.
C、He had a heart attack.
D、He gave a performance in the auditorium.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
Scott Dunn recently awoke from a medically-induced sleep he’d been in after a car accident. He was heartbroken after realizing he’d missed his high school graduation. So his classmates decided to give him another chance. (5) [It was just a month ago that East Juniata High School seniors met in the school’s auditorium for graduation.] And last week, they did it again. (5) [Scott’s car accident was on May 22nd, just 3 days before the ceremony.] “(6) [I remember waking up in the hospital and asking mom what date it was.] She told me it was the 28th.” he said, “I looked at her and said ‘I missed my graduation.’” The school’s principal, Mr. Fausey, called Scott’s mom Karen and said that everybody wanted to do something special for him. Students wore their caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium. Scott’s parents, Karen and Scott Senior, sat front and center. After brief speeches, Scott’s name was called, only Scott’s name. He walked across the stage as the audience cheered—a graduation for one. “I’m speechless,” Scott said, “I don’t know how to even explain it. (7) [I’m speechless to know that so many people are behind me.]”
5. What happened to Scott a month ago?
解析：A。四个选项均以He开头，且时态为一般过去时，推测题目可能询问过去发生在男士身上的事情，听音时需注意提到男士时的内容。题目问的是一个月前斯科特遭遇了什么，录音前半部分说到，就在一个月前，东杰尼阿塔高中毕业班的学生刚刚在学校礼堂参加了毕业典礼。而斯科特在5月22日遭遇了车祸，就在毕业典礼前3天。A项内容与录音一致，car accident为原词复现，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用graduation作干扰，但录音说的是，在一个月前，东杰尼阿塔高中毕业班的学生刚刚在学校礼堂参加了毕业典礼。而斯科特在这个时候出了车祸，并没有参加毕业典礼。录音后来说到，上周，学校又为他安排了一场毕业典礼，但这并不是一个月前的事，故B项错误。C项利用录音开头的heartbroken（伤心）一词作干扰，但录音说的是斯科特因为错过了毕业典礼而感到伤心，并非是心脏病发作，故C项错误。D项利用录音中出现的auditorium作干扰，但录音说的是学生们坐在礼堂前面为斯科特举行毕业典礼，并非他在礼堂表演，performance一词在录音中没有提到，故D项错误。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、What happened to him.
B、What date it was.
C、When the graduation ceremony was.
D、Where he was.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
Scott Dunn recently awoke from a medically-induced sleep he’d been in after a car accident. He was heartbroken after realizing he’d missed his high school graduation. So his classmates decided to give him another chance. (5) [It was just a month ago that East Juniata High School seniors met in the school’s auditorium for graduation.] And last week, they did it again. (5) [Scott’s car accident was on May 22nd, just 3 days before the ceremony.] “(6) [I remember waking up in the hospital and asking mom what date it was.] She told me it was the 28th.” he said, “I looked at her and said ‘I missed my graduation.’” The school’s principal, Mr. Fausey, called Scott’s mom Karen and said that everybody wanted to do something special for him. Students wore their caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium. Scott’s parents, Karen and Scott Senior, sat front and center. After brief speeches, Scott’s name was called, only Scott’s name. He walked across the stage as the audience cheered—a graduation for one. “I’m speechless,” Scott said, “I don’t know how to even explain it. (7) [I’m speechless to know that so many people are behind me.]”
6. What did Scott ask about when he regained consciousness?
解析：B。四个选项均为疑问词开头，疑问词一般不容易出现替换，本题听到疑问词即可定位，然后可判断其余成分的对应关系。录音中间部分提到，斯科特说：“我记得我在医院醒来，问妈妈今天是几号。”，What date it was为原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A、C、D三项均不是斯科特醒来后问的问题，故排除。
7、 Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He was really touched by his classmates.
B、He didn’t know what happened at all.
C、He couldn’t remember what to say.
D、His parents wore caps and gowns.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
Scott Dunn recently awoke from a medically-induced sleep he’d been in after a car accident. He was heartbroken after realizing he’d missed his high school graduation. So his classmates decided to give him another chance. (5) It was just a month ago that East Juniata High School seniors met in the school’s auditorium for graduation. And last week, they did it again. (5) Scott’s car accident was on May 22nd, just 3 days before the ceremony. “(6) I remember waking up in the hospital and asking mom what date it was. She told me it was the 28th.” he said, “I looked at her and said ‘I missed my graduation.’” The school’s principal, Mr. Fausey, called Scott’s mom Karen and said that everybody wanted to do something special for him. Students wore their caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium. Scott’s parents, Karen and Scott Senior, sat front and center. After brief speeches, Scott’s name was called, only Scott’s name. He walked across the stage as the audience cheered—a graduation for one. “I’m speechless,” Scott said, “I don’t know how to even explain it. (7) I’m speechless to know that so many people are behind me.”
7. Why was Scott speechless at the graduation ceremony?
解析：A。录音结尾处斯科特说道：“我也不知道是怎么了，知道有这么多人在背后支持我，我真的感动得说不出话来了。”由此可知，斯科特在毕业典礼上说不出话来是因为他的同学们让他备受感动，A项内容是对录音最后一句话的同义替换，故正确答案为A。本题难点在于对behind一词的理解。
错项排除：B、C两项在录音中未提及，故排除。D项利用录音中间出现的wore...caps and gowns作干扰，但录音说的是斯科特的同学们穿着毕业礼服，戴着礼帽，并不是他的父母，故D项错误。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Her children’s disruption.
B、Quiet atmosphere.
C、A sense of isolation.
D、Longer working hours.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How do you like your new flexible working arrangement? Do you enjoy working from home?
W: Yes and no. (8) [I find an isolation challenging at times.] Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours. I tried the library, but found I wasn’t really keen on working there.
M: No, neither would I. (9) [I find the library a bit too quiet. I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counterproductive to getting a lot of work done.]
W: I find the same thing, so lately I’ve been going out to cafés occasionally. (10) [I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a café, the sense of being out in the world.]
M: Coffee shops seem to have affectively become office spaces for so many people in this digital age, though I’m not sure how café owners feel about it—having so many people who go to their places to work rather than drink and eat.
W: Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much. (11) [The most annoying ones for café owners must surely be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.]
M: They should sit at a table for two, not the table for six. Some obviously stay so long. They need to plug their laptops into a power outlet. I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.
W: It’s a double-edged sword. No doubt about that for a café owner. While remote workers help to keep the café full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space in busy periods.
8. What does the woman say is the disadvantage of working from home?
解析：C。对话开头男士问女士是否喜欢在家办公，女士回答喜欢也不喜欢，她认为独处有时很考验人。也就是说，在家办公久了会有一种与世隔绝的感觉，C项中的isolation为原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：对话中女士虽然提到了my mother，但说的是自己母亲的情况，并没有提到来自孩子的干扰，故排除A项。B项利用录音中出现的quiet作干扰，但“安静的氛围”是男士所说图书馆的缺点，并不是女士所说，故B项错误。D项利用录音中出现的working hours作干扰，但对话中女士是在说没有几个人有空在工作时间打电话聊天，并不是说在家办公时间更长，故D项错误。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It doesn’t offer coffee.
B、It’s too quiet.
C、It doesn’t have free Wi-Fi.
D、It lacks the material he needs.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How do you like your new flexible working arrangement? Do you enjoy working from home?
W: Yes and no. (8) I find an isolation challenging at times. Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours. I tried the library, but found I wasn’t really keen on working there.
M: No, neither would I. (9) I find the library a bit too quiet. I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counterproductive to getting a lot of work done.
W: I find the same thing, so lately I’ve been going out to cafés occasionally. (10) I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a café, the sense of being out in the world.
M: Coffee shops seem to have affectively become office spaces for so many people in this digital age, though I’m not sure how café owners feel about it—having so many people who go to their places to work rather than drink and eat.
W: Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much. (11) The most annoying ones for café owners must surely be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.
M: They should sit at a table for two, not the table for six. Some obviously stay so long. They need to plug their laptops into a power outlet. I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.
W: It’s a double-edged sword. No doubt about that for a café owner. While remote workers help to keep the café full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space in busy periods.
9. What does the man say is counterproductive to getting work done in the library?
解析：B。通过选项中的doesn’t offer、doesn’t have、lacks等含有否定意义的词，推测题目有可能询问某一事物的缺点。录音中男士说到，他也不喜欢去图书馆办公，他认为图书馆有点太安静了（too quiet），会让人缺乏灵感和动力，工作时间久了只会适得其反（counterproductive）。B项内容为原词复现，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的coffee作干扰，但录音中有关coffee的内容说的都是咖啡馆，并没有说图书馆是否提供咖啡，故A项错误。C、D两项在录音中均未提及，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The sense of being out in the world.
B、The coffee it provides.
C、The coffee table.
D、The comfortable working condition.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How do you like your new flexible working arrangement? Do you enjoy working from home?
W: Yes and no. (8) [I find an isolation challenging at times.] Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours. I tried the library, but found I wasn’t really keen on working there.
M: No, neither would I. (9) [I find the library a bit too quiet. I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counterproductive to getting a lot of work done.]
W: I find the same thing, so lately I’ve been going out to cafés occasionally. (10) [I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a café, the sense of being out in the world.]
M: Coffee shops seem to have affectively become office spaces for so many people in this digital age, though I’m not sure how café owners feel about it—having so many people who go to their places to work rather than drink and eat.
W: Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much. (11) [The most annoying ones for café owners must surely be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.]
M: They should sit at a table for two, not the table for six. Some obviously stay so long. They need to plug their laptops into a power outlet. I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.
W: It’s a double-edged sword. No doubt about that for a café owner. While remote workers help to keep the café full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space in busy periods.
10. What does the woman like about doing one’s work in a café?
解析：A。录音中间部分女士说到，她最近会去咖啡馆办公，她喜欢那里的喧闹声、人群和忙碌的气氛，还有那种置身于世界之中的感觉（the sense of being out in the world）。A项内容为原词复现，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B、D两项中的coffee和working condition在录音中并未提及，故均可排除。C项利用录音中出现的table作干扰，但录音中说的是人们在咖啡店占桌的情况，并不是女士喜欢在咖啡店办公的原因，故C项错误。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、People don’t order anything.
B、People bring their laptops and paperwork.
C、People occupy valuable table space in quiet times.
D、People of two occupy a table for six.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How do you like your new flexible working arrangement? Do you enjoy working from home?
W: Yes and no. (8) [I find an isolation challenging at times.] Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours. I tried the library, but found I wasn’t really keen on working there.
M: No, neither would I. (9) [I find the library a bit too quiet. I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counterproductive to getting a lot of work done.]
W: I find the same thing, so lately I’ve been going out to cafés occasionally. (10) [I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a café, the sense of being out in the world.]
M: Coffee shops seem to have affectively become office spaces for so many people in this digital age, though I’m not sure how café owners feel about it—having so many people who go to their places to work rather than drink and eat.
W: Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much. (11) [The most annoying ones for café owners must surely be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.]
M: They should sit at a table for two, not the table for six. Some obviously stay so long. They need to plug their laptops into a power outlet. I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.
W: It’s a double-edged sword. No doubt about that for a café owner. While remote workers help to keep the café full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space in busy periods.
11. What is most annoying for café owners according to the woman?
解析：D。录音中女士说到，咖啡馆老板最讨厌的肯定是那些带着笔记本电脑和文件，两个人却占着一张六人桌的客人们（only two of them who occupy a table for six）。D项是对此内容的同义转述，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：录音中女士说到，有些人似乎在咖啡店里待了很长时间，点的东西却不多。但并没有说到这是咖啡店老板最讨厌的事情，故A项排除。B项利用录音中出现的laptops and paperwork作干扰，但录音中女士说的是咖啡店老板最讨厌那些带着笔记本电脑和文件还占用了大桌子的人，并不是所有带电脑和文件的人，故B项错误。C项利用录音末尾处出现的in quiet times和valuable table space作干扰，但录音中说的是，虽然远程办公的人们在客流稀少的时候（in quiet times）可以让咖啡馆坐满，但在繁忙的时候，他们却会占用宝贵的桌位（valuable table space）。也就是说，在客流稀少时人们占满咖啡店的座位对咖啡店老板来说是一件好事，并不是他们最讨厌的事，故C项错误。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She is not satisfied with the salary.
B、She is not capable of the job.
C、She often works overtime.
D、She’s received a job offer from another company.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: I’m going to start looking for another job. I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress at my company anytime in the near future. (12) [And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.]
M: You’re not going to quit, are you?
W: I’m thinking I might as well. Then I can devote more time and energy to finding a better position at another company.
M: But you’ve been at your present company less than two years, haven’t you? This will be the third time you’ve left a job in the last five years. (13) [If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, prospective employers might perceive that you lack loyalty.] That could make them wary and reluctant to employ you.
W: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn’t pay. Even if I get a promotion at my company, it’s likely to be less sizable than if I were to get a job elsewhere. (14) [And even if I get a promotion, I’m not guaranteed to get a raise.] I had that experience at another company I worked at.
M: They wanted you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?
W: More or less, yes. The way I see it, (15) [through having different jobs, I’ve gathered a lot of experience in different jobs and in different industries.]
M: But potential employers might worry that, that experience is not deep, or thorough enough.
W: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself. You know what they say, “Fortune favors the brave.”
12. What makes the woman think about changing her job?
解析：A。根据选项中的人称代词She和salary、job、work等，推测本题可能与某位女士的工作有关。女士在录音开头提到，她真的觉得以自己的技术和能力应该得到一份更高的薪水，因此A选项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中并没有提到女士不能胜任目前的工作，也没有讨论加班问题，因此B和C两项可以排除。D选项利用录音原词another company作干扰，但录音中说的是女士辞职后就有更多的时间和精力去别的公司找一份更好的工作，而不是已经在另一家公司找到了工作，因此D选项错误。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They may be considered as less loyal.
B、They won’t get the promotion opportunities.
C、They should take more responsibility at work.
D、They will be given hiring priority.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: I’m going to start looking for another job. I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress at my company anytime in the near future. (12) [And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.]
M: You’re not going to quit, are you?
W: I’m thinking I might as well. Then I can devote more time and energy to finding a better position at another company.
M: But you’ve been at your present company less than two years, haven’t you? This will be the third time you’ve left a job in the last five years. (13) [If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, prospective employers might perceive that you lack loyalty.] That could make them wary and reluctant to employ you.
W: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn’t pay. Even if I get a promotion at my company, it’s likely to be less sizable than if I were to get a job elsewhere. (14) [And even if I get a promotion, I’m not guaranteed to get a raise.] I had that experience at another company I worked at.
M: They wanted you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?
W: More or less, yes. The way I see it, (15) [through having different jobs, I’ve gathered a lot of experience in different jobs and in different industries.]
M: But potential employers might worry that, that experience is not deep, or thorough enough.
W: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself. You know what they say, “Fortune favors the brave.”
13. What does the man say about people who keep changing their jobs?
解析：A。录音中男士表示，如果你在相对较短的时间内换过好几份工作，未来的雇主可能会认为你缺乏忠诚度，因此A选项符合题意，less loyal是对录音中lack loyalty的同义转述。
错项排除：录音中，男士还表示，频繁换工作会让雇主们起疑心，不愿意雇用你，这里说的是难以获得工作机会，并非晋升机会，故B选项错误。C项利用录音中出现的take on more work and responsibility作干扰，但录音中男士是在问女士，是否之前的公司想让她承担更多责任但薪水不变，而不是在说频繁换工作的人该承担更多责任，故C项错误。D选项与男士关于频繁换工作的人很难获得工作机会的表述相反，故排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She might have to do extra work every day.
B、She might not get a pay rise.
C、She might not get enough vacation.
D、She might not gain more experience.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: I’m going to start looking for another job. I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress at my company anytime in the near future. (12) [And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.]
M: You’re not going to quit, are you?
W: I’m thinking I might as well. Then I can devote more time and energy to finding a better position at another company.
M: But you’ve been at your present company less than two years, haven’t you? This will be the third time you’ve left a job in the last five years. (13) [If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, prospective employers might perceive that you lack loyalty.] That could make them wary and reluctant to employ you.
W: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn’t pay. Even if I get a promotion at my company, it’s likely to be less sizable than if I were to get a job elsewhere. (14) [And even if I get a promotion, I’m not guaranteed to get a raise.] I had that experience at another company I worked at.
M: They wanted you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?
W: More or less, yes. The way I see it, (15) [through having different jobs, I’ve gathered a lot of experience in different jobs and in different industries.]
M: But potential employers might worry that, that experience is not deep, or thorough enough.
W: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself. You know what they say, “Fortune favors the brave.”
14. What does the woman say would happen even if she got promoted in her current company?
解析：B。根据选项中的人称代词She和选项内容中的work、pay rise等词，推测此题可能有关女士在工作方面的变动。录音中女士表示，就算她升职了，也不能保证一定会涨薪，她在之前的公司就有过这样的经历，因此B选项符合题意，为正确答案。错项排除：录音中没有提到关于加班或者假期的问题，因此排除A项和C项。D选项利用录音中的原词experience作干扰，但录音中说的是女士通过做不同的工作，在不同的岗位和行业积累了很多经验，并没有说目前晋升可能无法获得更多经验，因此排除D选项。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Experience.
B、Confidence.
C、Fortune.
D、Opportunity.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: I’m going to start looking for another job. I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress at my company anytime in the near future. (12) [And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.]
M: You’re not going to quit, are you?
W: I’m thinking I might as well. Then I can devote more time and energy to finding a better position at another company.
M: But you’ve been at your present company less than two years, haven’t you? This will be the third time you’ve left a job in the last five years. (13) [If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, prospective employers might perceive that you lack loyalty.] That could make them wary and reluctant to employ you.
W: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn’t pay. Even if I get a promotion at my company, it’s likely to be less sizable than if I were to get a job elsewhere. (14) [And even if I get a promotion, I’m not guaranteed to get a raise.] I had that experience at another company I worked at.
M: They wanted you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?
W: More or less, yes. The way I see it, (15) [through having different jobs, I’ve gathered a lot of experience in different jobs and in different industries.]
M: But potential employers might worry that, that experience is not deep, or thorough enough.
W: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself. You know what they say, “Fortune favors the brave.”
15. What benefit has the woman gained from changing her jobs frequently?
解析：A。在录音后半部分，女士表示自己通过做不同的工作，在不同的岗位和行业积累了很多经验，因此A选项符合题意，experience为原词复现。
错项排除：录音中没有提及有关自信的问题，故排除B项。C项利用录音最后出现的Fortune favors the brave作干扰，但录音中表达的是，好运通常青睐那些勇敢的人，并不是在讨论女士换工作的得失问题，故排除。D项利用录音开头出现的opportunity作干扰，但原文说的是女士认为自己在目前的公司没有晋升机会，并不是说通过频繁换工作已经获得了晋升机会，故排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It’s a horrible feeling.
B、It can be a blessing.
C、It’s boring and dangerous.
D、It’s the most comfortable state.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
There is a saying that goes something along the lines of “You must love yourself first before you can love someone else.” Similarly, I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of others. There is a massive difference between being lonely and being alone. Loneliness is a horrible feeling. However, you don’t have to actually be alone to feel that way. Many times, I’ve felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of people. In contrast, (16) [being alone can actually be a blessing], particularly, when you’ve actively chosen it. In my experience, being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of loneliness. (17) [The trick is to be active.] Get outside, stretch your legs, do something cultural, buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to wear. You don’t have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you please. (18) [Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of problems.] And then, when it’s time to be social and meet up with your friends, you will be fully there, because you won’t have too much other stuff floating around in your mind. Having been alone for a bit, you will also appreciate your friends’ company more, and chances are, your time spent together will be more worthwhile.
16. What does the speaker say about being alone?
解析：B。根据选项中出现的代词It和不同形容词可以推测本题是对某种事物性质的提问。录音中提到，相比之下，独处实际上是件好事，特别是当你主动选择独处的时候，因此B选项符合题意，blessing为原词复现。
错项排除：录音前半部分提到，孤独和独处这两个概念有着巨大的差异。孤独是一种很糟糕的感觉，但在独处的时候并不一定会感到孤独。A选项混淆了两个概念，故排除。C选项利用录音中出现的being bored and alone is dangerous作干扰，但录音中说的是，独自一人时无所事事是很危险的，很容易产生孤独感，并不是说独处本身是无聊且危险的，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的comfortable作干扰，但录音中说的是如果你在与别人相处时想要保持真我，就先要在独处时能够开心、自在，并没有说独处是最舒适的状态，故排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To be active.
B、To meet up with your friends.
C、To travel abroad.
D、To seek advice from others.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
There is a saying that goes something along the lines of “You must love yourself first before you can love someone else.” Similarly, I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of others. There is a massive difference between being lonely and being alone. Loneliness is a horrible feeling. However, you don’t have to actually be alone to feel that way. Many times, I’ve felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of people. In contrast, (16) [being alone can actually be a blessing], particularly, when you’ve actively chosen it. In my experience, being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of loneliness. (17) [The trick is to be active.] Get outside, stretch your legs, do something cultural, buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to wear. You don’t have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you please. (18) [Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of problems.] And then, when it’s time to be social and meet up with your friends, you will be fully there, because you won’t have too much other stuff floating around in your mind. Having been alone for a bit, you will also appreciate your friends’ company more, and chances are, your time spent together will be more worthwhile.
17. What does the speaker say how to reduce one’s feeling of loneliness?
解析：A。在录音中间部分，讲话者表示，独自一人无所事事是很危险的，很容易产生孤独感。要避免这种情况发生，就需要保持积极主动。因此A选项符合题意，active为原词复现。
错项排除：B选项利用录音原词meet up with your friends作干扰，但录音中说的是花时间独处还可以提高你处理问题的效率。这样一来，你在社交场合与朋友们见面时就可以全身心投入，并不是说去见朋友可以减轻孤独感，故排除。C项和D项在录音中均未提及，故排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It provides a chance for people to think deeply.
B、It makes us treasure the time.
C、It enables one to identify true friends.
D、It helps us take care of problems more efficiently.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
There is a saying that goes something along the lines of “You must love yourself first before you can love someone else.” Similarly, I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of others. There is a massive difference between being lonely and being alone. Loneliness is a horrible feeling. However, you don’t have to actually be alone to feel that way. Many times, I’ve felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of people. In contrast, (16) [being alone can actually be a blessing], particularly, when you’ve actively chosen it. In my experience, being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of loneliness. (17) [The trick is to be active.] Get outside, stretch your legs, do something cultural, buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to wear. You don’t have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you please. (18) [Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of problems.] And then, when it’s time to be social and meet up with your friends, you will be fully there, because you won’t have too much other stuff floating around in your mind. Having been alone for a bit, you will also appreciate your friends’ company more, and chances are, your time spent together will be more worthwhile.
18. What is an advantage of spending one’s time alone?
解析：D。录音最后提到，花时间独处还可以提高你处理问题的效率，因此D选项符合题意，take care of、problems和more efficiently为原词复现。
错项排除：A项和C项在录音中均未提及，故排除。关于时间，录音最后说，在独处一段时间之后，你会更加感恩朋友的陪伴，你们在一起的时间也会变得更有意义，表达的含义是独处能让我们和朋友在一起的时间变得更有意义，并不是说独处会让我们珍惜时间，B项偷换概念，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He is a harsh person.
B、He is mean to others.
C、He is very demanding in his work.
D、He usually works very late.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
When I turned 12, I worked summers at my father’s small brick-cleaning business. I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution, and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick. It was tempting to hurry a job—just to finish. But (19) [anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards, and that included me. If I messed up, he made me stay late until I got it right. My father wasn’t being mean. He demanded the same of himself.] Every brick he cleaned on a house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting. It was his signature.
In 1970, when I was 20, I got married and moved out my parents’ modest place into a housing project. (20) [Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to plague the projects.] Some of my friends went to jail. Some were killed. My wife Verllen was 18, and nobody gave our marriage a chance. But we believed in each other, and our faith made us strong. (21) [When we married, I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super Foods. It was hard, tedious work.] Each Friday night a truck came, with cases of food that had to be unloaded, priced and placed on shelves. Most of stock clerks tried to get Friday night off, but I was always ready to work. By Saturday morning, all the cans and jars in my aisle were placed with labels facing smartly out, like a line of soldiers on review. That was my signature. I took pride in a job nobody wanted.
19. What do we learn about the speaker’s father?
解析：C。录音中讲话者提到，为父亲工作的人都要达到他的标准，他并非刻薄（mean），他对自己的要求同样严格（demanded the same of himself），接着举了一个例子：自己的父亲清理过的房子上，每一块砖都像镶嵌在白墙上的红宝石一样夺目，由此可以看出，父亲在工作上十分严苛，因此C选项符合题意。
错项排除：录音开头虽然提到了harsh，但这里说的是清洗液的味道刺鼻，而且录音中表达的是父亲对待工作很严苛，并不是说他本人是一个严厉的人，故排除A选项。录音中说讲话者的父亲并非待人刻薄，因此B选项错误。录音中提到，如果讲话者把工作搞砸了，父亲会把他留到很晚（made me stay late），并没有说父亲会工作到很晚，故排除D项。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He moved out and divorced.
B、He lived there for 20 years.
C、It was plagued by drugs and gang violence.
D、His parents would move into his new house.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
When I turned 12, I worked summers at my father’s small brick-cleaning business. I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution, and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick. It was tempting to hurry a job—just to finish. But (19) [anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards, and that included me. If I messed up, he made me stay late until I got it right. My father wasn’t being mean. He demanded the same of himself.] Every brick he cleaned on a house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting. It was his signature.
In 1970, when I was 20, I got married and moved out my parents’ modest place into a housing project. (20) [Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to plague the projects.] Some of my friends went to jail. Some were killed. My wife Verllen was 18, and nobody gave our marriage a chance. But we believed in each other, and our faith made us strong. (21) [When we married, I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super Foods. It was hard, tedious work.] Each Friday night a truck came, with cases of food that had to be unloaded, priced and placed on shelves. Most of stock clerks tried to get Friday night off, but I was always ready to work. By Saturday morning, all the cans and jars in my aisle were placed with labels facing smartly out, like a line of soldiers on review. That was my signature. I took pride in a job nobody wanted.
20. What does the speak say about the housing project?
解析：C。录音中提到，那时候，毒品和黑帮势力刚刚开始在这个住宅区肆虐横行，因此C选项符合题意，drugs and gang violence及动词plague均为原词复现，C项为录音中同一句话的被动表述。
错项排除：录音中提到讲话者在20岁的时候结了婚并从父母的小房子里搬到了政府资助的贫民住宅区，但没有提到从这里搬出去或者离婚，故排除A选项。录音中说的是20岁的时候搬进去，并非是住了20年，因此B选项错误。D选项利用录音中出现过的parents和moved...into进行细节拼凑，但D项整体的意思与录音内容不符，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He was only responsible for unloading food.
B、He had to sign his name on every label.
C、It was a hard and tedious job.
D、He was required to work on Friday night.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
When I turned 12, I worked summers at my father’s small brick-cleaning business. I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution, and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick. It was tempting to hurry a job—just to finish. But (19) [anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards, and that included me. If I messed up, he made me stay late until I got it right. My father wasn’t being mean. He demanded the same of himself.] Every brick he cleaned on a house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting. It was his signature.
In 1970, when I was 20, I got married and moved out my parents’ modest place into a housing project. (20) [Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to plague the projects.] Some of my friends went to jail. Some were killed. My wife Verllen was 18, and nobody gave our marriage a chance. But we believed in each other, and our faith made us strong. (21) [When we married, I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super Foods. It was hard, tedious work.] Each Friday night a truck came, with cases of food that had to be unloaded, priced and placed on shelves. Most of stock clerks tried to get Friday night off, but I was always ready to work. By Saturday morning, all the cans and jars in my aisle were placed with labels facing smartly out, like a line of soldiers on review. That was my signature. I took pride in a job nobody wanted.
21. What do we learn about the speaker as a stock clerk?
解析：C。录音后半部分提到，结婚以后，讲话者在西南食品超市担任仓库管理员，这份工作又辛苦又枯燥。因此C选项符合题意，hard and tedious为原词复现。
错项排除：录音中提到，讲话者需要将一箱箱食物卸货、贴上价签并摆上货架，因此所做工作并非只有卸货，A选项错误。录音中提到了两次signature，一处是描述父亲的工作成果，一处是描述自己的工作成果，但这里的signature并不表示“签名”，而是指讲话者的“标志”，故排除B选项。录音最后提到，大多数仓库管理员想尽办法在周五晚上请假，但讲话者从来都保持着准备工作的状态，因此讲话者是愿意在周五晚上工作的，而不是被要求的，故排除D选项。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、By recording the time people spend on TV.
B、By tracking people’s living habits.
C、By using memory and fluency tests.
D、By scanning people’s brains.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
Watching more than 3 hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults suggests. (22) [Scientists at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people 6 years apart.] They found that those who watched on average less than 3 hours’ television a day showed a decline of around 4 to 5 percent, while those who tended to watch more than 3 hours a day declined by an average of 8 to 10 percent. (23) [The research team say they believe the “alert-but-passive” nature of television watching may be creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory decline.]
Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities known to preserve mental functioning, such as reading, or interactive screen-based pursuits such as using the Internet or playing video games. (24) [The researchers say that television viewing may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but more research is needed to establish a link.]
While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, (25) [the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.] If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should limit the amount of TV you watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.
22. By what means does scientists at University College London measure memory loss?
解析：C。根据选项中反复出现的By以及选项内容推测本题考查做某事的方式方法。录音中表示，伦敦大学学院的科学家对同一批人进行了两次记忆力和流利度测试来测量记忆力减退的程度，因此C选项符合题意，memory and fluency tests为原词复现。
错项排除：录音中虽然多次提到人们看电视的时间，但它并不是衡量记忆力减退程度的方法，故排除A项。B和D两项在录音中均未提及，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Watching television for hours.
B、Playing video games.
C、Reading books and magazines.
D、Surfing the Internet.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
Watching more than 3 hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults suggests. (22) [Scientists at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people 6 years apart.] They found that those who watched on average less than 3 hours’ television a day showed a decline of around 4 to 5 percent, while those who tended to watch more than 3 hours a day declined by an average of 8 to 10 percent. (23) [The research team say they believe the “alert-but-passive” nature of television watching may be creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory decline.]
Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities known to preserve mental functioning, such as reading, or interactive screen-based pursuits such as using the Internet or playing video games. (24) [The researchers say that television viewing may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but more research is needed to establish a link.]
While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, (25) [the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.] If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should limit the amount of TV you watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.
23. What contributed to memory decline in the participants?
解析：A。在录音中，研究团队称，他们认为人在看电视时虽然思维活跃，但是属于被动思考，这可能会给大脑造成压力，从而导致记忆力减退。因此A选项符合题意。
错项排除：B项和D项利用录音中出现的using the Internet or playing video games作干扰，C项利用录音中出现的reading作干扰，但录音中说的是上了年纪的人如果花很长时间看电视，就更难进行可以维持大脑机能的活动，比如阅读或面对屏幕的互动行为（如上网或玩电子游戏），并未说阅读、上网或玩电子游戏等行为会导致记忆力减退，故排除B、C、D三项。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Television viewing may be a potential factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
B、Alzheimer’s patients tend to watch television more than 3 hours a day.
C、Some research has confirmed the link between them.
D、Television watching is beneficial to Alzheimer’s patients.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
Watching more than 3 hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults suggests. (22) [Scientists at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people 6 years apart.] They found that those who watched on average less than 3 hours’ television a day showed a decline of around 4 to 5 percent, while those who tended to watch more than 3 hours a day declined by an average of 8 to 10 percent. (23) [The research team say they believe the “alert-but-passive” nature of television watching may be creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory decline.]
Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities known to preserve mental functioning, such as reading, or interactive screen-based pursuits such as using the Internet or playing video games. (24) [The researchers say that television viewing may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but more research is needed to establish a link.]
While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, (25) [the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.] If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should limit the amount of TV you watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.
24. What did the researchers say about their finding concerning the link between TV viewing and Alzheimer’s disease?
解析：A。根据选项中多次出现的television viewing和Alzheimer’s disease，推测本题可能考查看电视与阿尔茨海默症之间的联系。在录音中，研究者称，看电视可能是导致阿尔茨海默症的一个风险因素（a risk factor），但还需要进行更多研究来证明两者之间存在联系。因此A选项符合题意，a potential factor是对a risk factor的同义转述。
错项排除：B项利用录音中提到的三小时看电视时间作干扰，但录音中说的是每天看三个小时以上电视的人平均记忆力衰退程度为8%至10%，并未说阿尔茨海默症患者往往一天看电视超过三小时，故排除B项。录音中提到，还需要进行更多研究来证明两者之间存在联系，并未说两者之间的联系已经得到证实，因此C项排除。录音中表示看电视可能是导致阿尔茨海默症的一个风险因素，说明看电视不会对阿尔茨海默症患者有益处，故D选项错误。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Watch television no more than 3 hours each day.
B、Balance television viewing with other contrasting activities.
C、Watch some educational TV programs.
D、Take more physical exercise.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
Watching more than 3 hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults suggests. (22) [Scientists at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people 6 years apart.] They found that those who watched on average less than 3 hours’ television a day showed a decline of around 4 to 5 percent, while those who tended to watch more than 3 hours a day declined by an average of 8 to 10 percent. (23) [The research team say they believe the “alert-but-passive” nature of television watching may be creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory decline.]
Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities known to preserve mental functioning, such as reading, or interactive screen-based pursuits such as using the Internet or playing video games. (24) [The researchers say that television viewing may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, but more research is needed to establish a link.]
While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, (25) [the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.] If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should limit the amount of TV you watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.
25. What do the researchers suggest older people do?
解析：B。在录音中，研究者建议50岁以上的人应当尝试并确保可以平衡看电视和进行其他不同活动的时间。因此B选项符合题意，其中television viewing和other contrasting activities属于原词复现。
错项排除：A项利用录音中提到的三小时看电视时间作干扰，但录音中说的是每天看三个小时以上电视的人平均记忆力衰退程度为8%至10%，并未说研究人员建议老年人一天看电视超过三小时，故排除。录音后半部分提到了educational，但这里说的是看电视虽然有些教育意义，但研究者仍建议老年人要平衡看电视和进行其他活动的时间，故排除C项。D项在录音中未提及，故排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
“Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated.” Those were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be (26)_____ to all.
As a woman working in the first half of the 20th century, Franklin’s contributions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time including the structure of DNA—were sadly (27)_____ in her lifetime.
More than 60 years after Franklin’s death, we are (28)_____ living in a different world, where women play an important part in every echelon (阶层) of our society—not least in science, innovation, higher education and research. UK universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and (29)_____ gender equality.
In the past decade, we have seen a (30)_____ increase in England in the number of women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science, technology, engineering and maths (Stem subjects). And in the last academic year, women (31)_____ for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK universities.
Data shows us the (32)_____ to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go. Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities, just under half of academic staff are female. At (33)_____ levels, only a quarter of professors are women, and black women make up less than 2% of all female academic staff.
There are also stark differences in pay across grades. The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in 2016-2017 was 13.7%, (34)_____ there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid (35)_____.
26、(1)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：
名词
adaptation 适应；改编
ladder 梯子；途径
nomination 提名；任命
senior上司；年长者
submission 屈服；提交
动词
accounted (-ed) 认为是
misread 误解；误读
overlooked (-ed) 忽略；俯视
promoting (-ing) 促进；提升
suggesting (-ing) 说明；暗示
形容词
accessible可接近的；可使用的
considerable 相当大的；相当多的
effective 有效的
senior级别高的
副词
appropriately 恰当地
thankfully 万幸地
26. accessible
解析：空格所在句为非限制性定语从句who firmly believed...中that引导的宾语从句，其中the pursuit of science为主语，空格前为should be，空格后为表示范围的介词词组to all，据此推测，空格处可填入形容词、动词分词形式或名词。第一段开头提到，富兰克林认为“科学和日常生活不能也不应该被分开”，言下之意是科学不应该脱离日常生活，每个人都需要接触到科学。由此可知空格处应填入与“接触”含义类似的词，在备选项中，只有accessible（可接近的）填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“每个人都应该有追求科学的权利”，故空格处应填入accessible。
27. overlooked
解析：通过分析句子结构可知，空格所在句的主语为Franklin’s contributions，空格前为were sadly，空格后为表示时间的介词短语in her lifetime，推测空格处可填入形容词或过去分词。根据sadly词义可知，空格中所填单词应该与其所表达的“遗憾”感情色彩一致。空格所在句提到，令人遗憾的是，富兰克林的这些贡献在她的有生之年里一直被____。在第三段中提到，在富兰克林去世60多年以后，世界与之前有所不同，女性开始在各个阶层发挥重要作用，可知空格处填入的词与60多年后的现状形成对比。在备选项中，misread（被误解了的）和overlooked（被忽略的了）填入空格都可能构成合理语义，但原文中并没有说富兰克林是如何被误解的，而是在说富兰克林作为女性没有受到重视，故空格处应填入overlooked。
28. thankfully
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主谓结构完整，由此可知空格处应填入副词作状语，修饰are living。根据空格所在句和上文可知，富兰克林作为女性很不幸，她的贡献曾一度被人们所忽视，而在她去世60多年以后的今天，我们生活在一个不同的世界，女性发挥着重要的作用。副词备选项中只有thankfully（万幸地）填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“我们有幸生活在一个不同的世界”，故空格处应填入thankfully。
29. promoting
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为when引导的时间状语从句，使用了“when it comes to...（在……方面）”句式，空格后面为名词性短语gender equality。and连接了advancing和空格，由此可推测，空格处应填入与advancing并列的的现在分词，后面接宾语gender equality。备选项中符合此条件的只有promoting（促进；提升）和suggesting（建议；暗示）。空格所在句的意思为，英国的大学在促进和____性别平等方面处于世界领先地位。其中promoting与advancing意思相近，可合译为“促进，发展”，填入空格符合上下文语义，故promoting为正确答案。
30. considerable
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的不定冠词a和空格后的increase可知，空格处应填入与增长幅度有关的形容词。空格所在句提到，在过去的十年里，我们看到，在英国攻读STEM学科全日制本科学位的女性人数出现了____增长。在形容词备选项中，considerable（相当多的；相当大的）和effective（有效的）填入空格可构成合理语义，但因为空格前为a而不是an，可排除effective，故正确答案为considerable。
31. accounted
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句缺少谓语动词，且句子开头有表示过去的时间状语in the last academic year，由此可知空格处应填入动词的过去式。空格所在句的意思为，在上一学年，在英国超过半数的STEM学科研究生中，女性____一半以上。account for为固定搭配，表示“占……比例”，accounted填入空格符合语境，misread和overlooked均不能与for搭配，故accounted为正确答案。
32. ladder
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句为Data shows us...中省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句缺少主语，结合空格前的the可知，空格处应填入名词。空格所在句的意思为，数据显示，对于女性来说，通往成功的____越往上就越难攀登。名词备选项中，只有ladder（梯子）填入空格符合句义，climb a ladder为比喻义，表示“攀登阶梯”，故ladder为正确答案。
33. senior
解析：形容词辨析题。空格处于一个介词短语中，根据空格前的At和空格后的levels可知，空格处应填入形容词修饰levels。空格所在段的第一、二句提到，数据显示，对于女性来说，通往成功的阶梯越往上就越难攀登。虽然女性在英国大学本科生中占大多数，但在学术人员中女性人数不到一半。空格所在句的意思为，在____层面，只有四分之一的教授是女性，而黑人女性在女性学术人员中所占比例不足2%。由此可知，本段结合数据重点分析了女性在英国大学里的学习和任职情况，即由下至上，女性占比不断减少。在形容词备选项中，只有senior（级别高的）填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“在高层”，故senior为正确答案。
34. suggesting
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句的前后各有一个主谓结构完整的分句，中间用逗号隔开，由此可知空格处应填入起连接作用的词语。由于备选项中只包含名、动、形、副四类词性，推测空格处可填入现在分词形式，和后面的分句共同构成前面主句的伴随状语。空格所在句的意思为，2016年至2017年，全行业工资中位数的性别薪酬差距为13.7%，____如果要确保女性晋升到更高级别的职位并且获得报酬，仍然任重道远。在两个符合条件的备选项suggesting（说明；暗示）和promoting（促进；提升）中，suggesting填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“这说明……”，故suggesting为正确答案。
35. appropriately
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句包含两个分句，其中后一个分句为there be句型，women are...为省略了that的宾语从句，作ensure的宾语。宾语从句的主干为women are rising...and being paid ____.由于宾语从句主谓结构完整，可知空格处应填入副词作状语修饰being paid。空格所在分句的意思为，如果想要确保女性晋升到更高级别的职位并____获得报酬，仍然任重道远。在两个副词备选项thankfully（万幸地）和appropriately（恰当地）中，appropriately填入空格符合上下文语义，表示“获得合理的报酬”，故appropriately为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、overlooked
B、accessible
C、submission
D、senior
E、considerable
F、misread
G、accounted
H、appropriately
I、ladder
J、promoting
K、thankfully
L、nomination
M、adaptation
N、suggesting
O、effective
解析：见上一题！
Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?
【A】Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.
【B】The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.
【C】One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?
【D】Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.
【E】Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they are looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we are talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.
【F】Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert (推送警报). From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.
【G】SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.
【H】We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly form system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.
【I】Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?
【J】Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.
【K】At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.
36、36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 如果有必要的设备和技能，窃贼有可能会发动干扰袭击。
