一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.
B、A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.
C、Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.
D、A wandering cow was captured by the police.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
(1) New York City police captured a cow on the loose in Prospect Park on Tuesday after the animal became an attraction for tourists while walking along the streets and enjoying the park facilities.
The confused creature and camera-holding humans stared at each other through a fence for several minutes.
At other times the cow wandered around the 526-acre park and the artificial grass field normally used for human sporting events.
Officers use soccer goals to fence the animal in. However, the cow then moved through one of the nets, knocking down a police officer in the process.
Police eventually trapped the cow between two vehicles parked on either side of a baseball field’s bench area. An officer then shot an arrow to put it to sleep.
The officers waited for the drug to take effect. After it fell asleep, they loaded the cow into a horse trailer.
(2) It was not clear where the cow came from or how it got lost. Police turned it over to the Animal Control Department after they caught it.
1. What happened in New York’s Prospect Park on Tuesday?
解析：D。根据录音第一句可知，周二，纽约警方在展望公园捕获了一头出逃的奶牛，on the loose意为“在逃”，故正确答案为D。音频中提到了park facilities（公园设施），但并没有说明设施被奶牛毁坏了，故A错误。B项利用knock down设置干扰，但录音中说的是奶牛撞倒了一名警察，并不是撞倒了栅栏，故排除B。C项中的tourists在文中出现，但并没有说游客被奶牛所伤，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It was shot to death by a police officer.
B、It found its way back to the park’s zoo.
C、It became a great attraction for tourists.
D、It was sent to the Animal Control Department.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
(1) New York City police captured a cow on the loose in Prospect Park on Tuesday after the animal became an attraction for tourists while walking along the streets and enjoying the park facilities.
The confused creature and camera-holding humans stared at each other through a fence for several minutes.
At other times the cow wandered around the 526-acre park and the artificial grass field normally used for human sporting events.
Officers use soccer goals to fence the animal in. However, the cow then moved through one of the nets, knocking down a police officer in the process.
Police eventually trapped the cow between two vehicles parked on either side of a baseball field’s bench area. An officer then shot an arrow to put it to sleep.
The officers waited for the drug to take effect. After it fell asleep, they loaded the cow into a horse trailer.
(2) It was not clear where the cow came from or how it got lost. Police turned it over to the Animal Control Department after they caught it.
2. What do we learn about the cow from the end of the news report?
解析：D。根据录音最后一句可知，警察抓住那头奶牛之后，把它交给了动物管理部门。D项中的It was sent to是录音中turned it over to的同义替换，the Animal Control Department为原词复现，故正确答案为D。录音后半部分提到了shot，但原文说的是一名警察朝那头奶牛射了一枪镇定剂，想让它睡着，并不是开枪把它打死，death一词并未在录音中提及，故A项错误。原文没有提及奶牛要回到动物园，故B项可排除。C项利用became…attraction for tourists设置干扰，但录音开头说的是这只出逃的奶牛吸引了许多游客的注意，并不是成为了一个吸引游客的巨大卖点，故C项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It is the largest of its kind.
B、It is going to be expanded.
C、It is displaying more fossil specimens.
D、It is starting an online exhibition.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
(3) Starting April 28 of this year, the National Museum of Natural History will begin renovating its fossil hall. The fossil hall, which displays some of the world’s oldest and largest fossil specimens, receives more than 2 million visitors each year. It’s one of the museum’s most famous attractions. (3) As a result, the museum plans to expand the hall, as well as add to its ancient birds collection. Bird lovers, both young and old, have already responded with excitement at the news. The museum’s social media account has been flooded with messages of support. In the meantime, the current collection will be closed. However, visitors will be compensated during the closure. Museum’s special exhibition area will now be free of charge.
(4) This week, the resident exhibition is a display of ancient wall paintings on loan from Australia. They celebrate the cultural heritage of the country and will be available to view until Sunday. Next week, the exhibition will be taken over by the Wildlife Photographer of the Year Competition. The winner of this year’s competition will be awarded a preview of the new fossil hall, as well as a cash prize.
3. What does the news report say about the fossil hall of the National Museum of Natural History?
解析：B。录音开头部分说到，从今年4月28日开始，国家自然历史博物馆将对其化石馆进行整修，后面接着提到，博物馆计划扩建化石馆（the museum plans to expand the hall），故正确答案为B。录音前面部分提到，化石馆里展示了（displays）一些世界上最古老和最大的（largest）化石标本（fossil specimens），并不是说化石馆是同类展馆中中最大的，也并没有提到化石馆正在展示更多的化石标本，故A、C两项错误。D项中的关键词online在录音中并未提及，故排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A collection of bird fossils from Australia.
B、Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.
C、Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.
D、Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
(3) Starting April 28 of this year, the National Museum of Natural History will begin renovating its fossil hall. The fossil hall, which displays some of the world’s oldest and largest fossil specimens, receives more than 2 million visitors each year. It’s one of the museum’s most famous attractions. (3) As a result, the museum plans to expand the hall, as well as add to its ancient birds collection. Bird lovers, both young and old, have already responded with excitement at the news. The museum’s social media account has been flooded with messages of support. In the meantime, the current collection will be closed. However, visitors will be compensated during the closure. Museum’s special exhibition area will now be free of charge.
(4) This week, the resident exhibition is a display of ancient wall paintings on loan from Australia. They celebrate the cultural heritage of the country and will be available to view until Sunday. Next week, the exhibition will be taken over by the Wildlife Photographer of the Year Competition. The winner of this year’s competition will be awarded a preview of the new fossil hall, as well as a cash prize.
4. What is on display this week in the museum’s resident exhibition hall?
解析：C。录音后半部分说到，本周的驻地展览是一场从澳大利亚借来的古代壁画展。C项中的ancient wall paintings from Australia是原词复现，故正确答案为C。录音中间提到bird fossils，但鸟类化石藏品并不是来自澳大利亚的，来自澳大利亚的是壁画展，A项属于细节拼凑，故排除。录音中提到Photographer，B项中有对应词Photographs，但录音中说的是年度野生动物摄影师大赛（Wildlife Photographer of the Year Competition），不是稀有化石展览的照片，B项属于细节拼凑，故排除。录音结尾提到“野生动物摄影比赛”和“获胜者”，但获胜者的奖励是提前参观新化石馆的机会和现金奖励，而不是照片集，故D项排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Pick up trash.
B、Amuse visitors.
C、Deliver messages.
D、Play with children.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(5) Six birds have just been trained to pick up rubbish at a French historical theme park.
According to the park’s manager, Mr. Villiers, the goal is not just to clear up the park. He says visitors are already good at keeping things clean. Instead, he wants to show that “nature itself can teach us to take care of the environment”.
(6) He says that rooks, the chosen birds, are considered to be particularly intelligent. In the right circumstances, they even “like to communicate with humans and establish a relationship through play”.
The birds will be encouraged to clean the park through the use of a small box that delivers a small amount of bird food each time the rook deposits a cigarette end or a small piece of rubbish.
So far, visitors to the theme park have been excited to see the birds in action. (7) However, some parents are concerned that it encourages their children to drop litter so they can watch the birds to pick it up. Villiers is not concerned about this criticism. He maintains most of the feedback he has received has been overwhelmingly positive. He hopes now to train more birds.
5. What have six birds been trained to do at a French historical theme park?
解析：A。录音开始说到，在法国的一家历史主题公园，有六只鸟接受了捡垃圾的训练。A项的Pick up trash是对原文中pick up rubbish的同义替换，故正确答案为A。录音中间部分说到，白嘴鸦在适当的情况下，会喜欢与人类接触，并和人类玩耍来建立关系。但这并不是它们被训练的目的，故B、D两项错误。录音中没有提及白嘴鸦有传递信息的用途，故C项排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They are especially intelligent.
B、They are children’s favorite.
C、They are quite easy to tame.
D、They are clean and pretty.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(5) Six birds have just been trained to pick up rubbish at a French historical theme park.
According to the park’s manager, Mr. Villiers, the goal is not just to clear up the park. He says visitors are already good at keeping things clean. Instead, he wants to show that “nature itself can teach us to take care of the environment”.
(6) He says that rooks, the chosen birds, are considered to be particularly intelligent. In the right circumstances, they even “like to communicate with humans and establish a relationship through play”.
The birds will be encouraged to clean the park through the use of a small box that delivers a small amount of bird food each time the rook deposits a cigarette end or a small piece of rubbish.
So far, visitors to the theme park have been excited to see the birds in action. (7) However, some parents are concerned that it encourages their children to drop litter so they can watch the birds to pick it up. Villiers is not concerned about this criticism. He maintains most of the feedback he has received has been overwhelmingly positive. He hopes now to train more birds.
6. Why were rooks chosen by the park manager?
解析：A。录音中间部分说到，公园经理说人们认为白嘴鸦是特别聪明的，所以选中了这种鸟类，故正确答案为A。录音中提到B项的关键词children，但说的是一些家长担心这样会导致他们的孩子为了看到鸟儿捡垃圾而乱扔垃圾，没有提到白嘴鸦是孩子们的最爱，故B项错误。C项的关键词easy to tame和D项的关键词clean and pretty在文中都没有提及，故均可排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Children may be harmed by the rooks.
B、Children may be tempted to drop litter.
C、Children may contract bird diseases.
D、Children may overfeed the rooks.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(5) Six birds have just been trained to pick up rubbish at a French historical theme park.
According to the park’s manager, Mr. Villiers, the goal is not just to clear up the park. He says visitors are already good at keeping things clean. Instead, he wants to show that “nature itself can teach us to take care of the environment”.
(6) He says that rooks, the chosen birds, are considered to be particularly intelligent. In the right circumstances, they even “like to communicate with humans and establish a relationship through play”.
The birds will be encouraged to clean the park through the use of a small box that delivers a small amount of bird food each time the rook deposits a cigarette end or a small piece of rubbish.
So far, visitors to the theme park have been excited to see the birds in action. (7) However, some parents are concerned that it encourages their children to drop litter so they can watch the birds to pick it up. Villiers is not concerned about this criticism. He maintains most of the feedback he has received has been overwhelmingly positive. He hopes now to train more birds.
7. What is the concern of some parents?
解析：B。录音后半部分说到，一些家长担心这样会导致他们的孩子乱扔垃圾，因为这样他们就可以看到鸟儿捡垃圾了。B项中的drop litter为原词复现，表述与录音完全一致，故正确答案为B。A项中的关键词harmed、C项中的关键词bird diseases在录音中没有提及，故A、C两项排除。录音中虽然提到bird food，但录音的意思是训练鸟儿捡垃圾的过程包括食物奖励，并不是说孩子们会过量喂食白嘴鸦，故D项错误。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It will be produced at Harvard University.
B、It will be hosted by famous professors.
C、It will cover different areas of science.
D、It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: The name of the TV show we wish to produce is Science Nation.
M: Please tell us more. What will Science Nation be about?
W: (8) It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know. The show will have one host only, and this will be Professor Susan Paul from Harvard University. She’s a great public speaker.
M: So, just to be clear, will the show’s format be like that of the documentary?
W: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. (9) However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren’t so much. Please keep in mind, this will be a new TV show, like nothing ever done before.
M: (10) Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?
W: That’s correct, yes.
M: Right, thank you. So, I think we’re more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now, what exactly you want from us?
W: (11) Yes, of course. Basically, what we need from you is financial support. In order to go ahead with this idea, we need 2 million dollars. This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year. If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.
8. What do we learn about the TV show Science Nation?
解析：C。录音开始部分女士说到，这个电视节目是关于科学的——各种各样的科学，每一集都将聚焦于不同的科学领域。C项中的different areas of science是对音频中all sorts of science的同义替换，故正确答案为C。 女士随后说到，节目的主持人是来自哈佛大学的苏珊·保罗教授，她是一位出色的演说家。A项虽然有Harvard University原词复现，但录音中说的是主持人来自哈佛大学，而不是在哈佛大学拍摄节目，故A项排除。B项中的professors为复数，而录音中说将只有一名主持人，故B项错误。不同的科学领域并不能等同于科学发现，因此最新的科学发现并不是《科学国度》这档节目的关注重点，故D项错误。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It will be more futuristic.
B、 It will be more systematic.
C、It will be more entertaining.
D、It will be easier to understand.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: The name of the TV show we wish to produce is Science Nation.
M: Please tell us more. What will Science Nation be about?
W: (8) It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know. The show will have one host only, and this will be Professor Susan Paul from Harvard University. She’s a great public speaker.
M: So, just to be clear, will the show’s format be like that of the documentary?
W: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. (9) However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren’t so much. Please keep in mind, this will be a new TV show, like nothing ever done before.
M: (10) Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?
W: That’s correct, yes.
M: Right, thank you. So, I think we’re more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now, what exactly you want from us?
W: (11) Yes, of course. Basically, what we need from you is financial support. In order to go ahead with this idea, we need 2 million dollars. This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year. If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.
9. In what way will the TV show Science Nation differ from traditional documentaries?
解析：C。对话中间部分男士问道：电视节目的形式会和纪录片一样吗？女士回答：从某种意义上说，它会像一部纪录片，但他们的想法是让这档电视节目同时也具有趣味性和娱乐性，这是传统纪录片里不多见的。entertaining是原词复现，故C项为正确答案。其余三项的关键词futuristic、systematic和easier to understand在音频中均未提及，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、People interested in science.
B、Youngsters eager to explore.
C、Children in their early teens.
D、Students majoring in science.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: The name of the TV show we wish to produce is Science Nation.
M: Please tell us more. What will Science Nation be about?
W: (8) It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know. The show will have one host only, and this will be Professor Susan Paul from Harvard University. She’s a great public speaker.
M: So, just to be clear, will the show’s format be like that of the documentary?
W: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. (9) However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren’t so much. Please keep in mind, this will be a new TV show, like nothing ever done before.
M: (10) Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?
W: That’s correct, yes.
M: Right, thank you. So, I think we’re more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now, what exactly you want from us?
W: (11) Yes, of course. Basically, what we need from you is financial support. In order to go ahead with this idea, we need 2 million dollars. This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year. If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.
10. Who will be the intended audience of the TV show Science Nation?
解析：A。在录音后半部分，男士说到：那么电视节目的观众将会是任何对科学感兴趣的人，对吗？女士回答：没错。A项中的interested in science在录音中原词复现，故正确答案为A。其余三项中的关键词Youngsters、Children和Students在录音中并未提及，故均可排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Offer professional advice.
B、Provide financial support.
C、Help promote it on the Internet.
D、Make episodes for its first season.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: The name of the TV show we wish to produce is Science Nation.
M: Please tell us more. What will Science Nation be about?
W: (8) It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don’t know. The show will have one host only, and this will be Professor Susan Paul from Harvard University. She’s a great public speaker.
M: So, just to be clear, will the show’s format be like that of the documentary?
W: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. (9) However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren’t so much. Please keep in mind, this will be a new TV show, like nothing ever done before.
M: (10) Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?
W: That’s correct, yes.
M: Right, thank you. So, I think we’re more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now, what exactly you want from us?
W: (11) Yes, of course. Basically, what we need from you is financial support. In order to go ahead with this idea, we need 2 million dollars. This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year. If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.
11. What does the woman want the man to do for the TV show?
解析：B。根据录音末尾部分，男士问女士想要获取什么帮助，女士回答希望男士可以提供资金支持，以进行后期的演出。B项中的financial support为原词复现，故正确答案为B。女士并没有提到需要男士提供专业的建议或互联网宣传，故A、C两项排除。D项利用first season设置干扰，但录音最后女士说到，男士提供的资金会用于第一季所有的演出花费，并没有说到希望男士为第一季制作剧集，故D项错误。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Unsure.
B、Helpless.
C、Concerned.
D、Dissatisfied.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: What’s up with you? You don’t look very happy.
M (12) I feel like I’m a failure. I can’t seem to do anything very well.
W: I wouldn’t say that. You do very well in a lot of things. That presentation you gave last week was excellent.
M: Yes, but I have this urge to strive for perfection. I really want to push harder and progress further.
W: (13) Well, that’s very admirable, but be careful, over concern with being perfect can damage our confidence if we never achieve it.
M: Yes, I know. I feel awful whenever I make a mistake in whatever I’m trying to do.W: Well, think about it. You can’t make progress without making mistakes and learning from them. Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, once said: “I’ve not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
M: You may well be right. I guess I should recognize my mistakes and learn the lesson they teach me and move forward.
W: Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration. You need to recognize each step of progress you take towards achieving your goals. And no matter how tiny it is, it’s still good news.
M: (14) I always feel down when I see others accomplishing things and I feel miserable about my own achievements. I’m always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there.
W: Listen, if you always compare yourself with others, you’ll never feel good enough. (15) You’re the only person you should be comparing yourself with. When you compare your current status with the starting point, you’ll find you’ve made progress, right? That’s good enough.
M: That’s great advice. Thank you. I’m feeling better already.
12. How does the man feel about himself?
解析：D。根据录音开头部分，女士问男士为什么不开心，男士回答道：我觉得我是个失败者。我好像什么事都做不好。由此可推知，男士对自己很不满意，故正确答案为D。整篇录音中男士一直在向女士说自己无法把事情做到完美，并因此而感到懊恼，其余三种情绪在录音中均未体现，故排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He is too concerned with being perfect.
B、He loses heart when facing with setbacks.
C、He is too ambitious in achieving goals.
D、He takes on projects beyond his ability.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: What’s up with you? You don’t look very happy.
M (12) I feel like I’m a failure. I can’t seem to do anything very well.
W: I wouldn’t say that. You do very well in a lot of things. That presentation you gave last week was excellent.
M: Yes, but I have this urge to strive for perfection. I really want to push harder and progress further.
W: (13) Well, that’s very admirable, but be careful, over concern with being perfect can damage our confidence if we never achieve it.
M: Yes, I know. I feel awful whenever I make a mistake in whatever I’m trying to do.
W: Well, think about it. You can’t make progress without making mistakes and learning from them. Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, once said: “I’ve not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
M: You may well be right. I guess I should recognize my mistakes and learn the lesson they teach me and move forward.
W: Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration. You need to recognize each step of progress you take towards achieving your goals. And no matter how tiny it is, it’s still good news.
M: (14) I always feel down when I see others accomplishing things and I feel miserable about my own achievements. I’m always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there.
W: Listen, if you always compare yourself with others, you’ll never feel good enough. (15) You’re the only person you should be comparing yourself with. When you compare your current status with the starting point, you’ll find you’ve made progress, right? That’s good enough.
M: That’s great advice. Thank you. I’m feeling better already.
13. What does the woman think is the man’s problem?
解析：A。录音中男士说到他对追求完美有着强烈的欲望，随后女士提醒男士，如果我们过分追求完美而又无法达到尽善尽美，这就会损害我们的自信心。由此可推知，女士认为男士太过于注重追求完美了，故正确答案为A。女士在录音中提到，过分追求完美会损害我们的信心，并不是说男士在面对挫折时会失去信心，故B项错误。录音中提到了achieving goals，但录音中说的是你需要认识到你为实现目标（achieving your goals）所做出的每一步努力，并没有表明男士在实现目标方面野心太大，故C项错误。录音中并没有提到男士承担超出他能力的项目，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Embarrassed.
B、Unconcerned.
C、Miserable.
D、Resentful.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: What’s up with you? You don’t look very happy.
M (12) I feel like I’m a failure. I can’t seem to do anything very well.
W: I wouldn’t say that. You do very well in a lot of things. That presentation you gave last week was excellent.
M: Yes, but I have this urge to strive for perfection. I really want to push harder and progress further.
W: (13) Well, that’s very admirable, but be careful, over concern with being perfect can damage our confidence if we never achieve it.
M: Yes, I know. I feel awful whenever I make a mistake in whatever I’m trying to do.
W: Well, think about it. You can’t make progress without making mistakes and learning from them. Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, once said: “I’ve not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
M: You may well be right. I guess I should recognize my mistakes and learn the lesson they teach me and move forward.
W: Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration. You need to recognize each step of progress you take towards achieving your goals. And no matter how tiny it is, it’s still good news.
M: (14) I always feel down when I see others accomplishing things and I feel miserable about my own achievements. I’m always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there.
W: Listen, if you always compare yourself with others, you’ll never feel good enough. (15) You’re the only person you should be comparing yourself with. When you compare your current status with the starting point, you’ll find you’ve made progress, right? That’s good enough.
M: That’s great advice. Thank you. I’m feeling better already.
14. How does the man feel when he sees others accomplishing things?
解析：C。根据录音后半部分可知，男士说到：每当我看到别人取得成功的时候，我总是感到很沮丧；而对自己的成就我也感到很痛苦。Miserable为原词复现，故正确答案为C。其余三项在录音中均未体现，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Try to be optimistic whatever happens.
B、Compare his present with his past only.
C、Always learn from others’ achievements.
D、Treat others the way he would be treated.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: What’s up with you? You don’t look very happy.
M (12) I feel like I’m a failure. I can’t seem to do anything very well.
W: I wouldn’t say that. You do very well in a lot of things. That presentation you gave last week was excellent.
M: Yes, but I have this urge to strive for perfection. I really want to push harder and progress further.
W: (13) Well, that’s very admirable, but be careful, over concern with being perfect can damage our confidence if we never achieve it.
M: Yes, I know. I feel awful whenever I make a mistake in whatever I’m trying to do.
W: Well, think about it. You can’t make progress without making mistakes and learning from them. Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, once said: “I’ve not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”
M: You may well be right. I guess I should recognize my mistakes and learn the lesson they teach me and move forward.
W: Also, remember a successful ending is not the only thing worthy of a celebration. You need to recognize each step of progress you take towards achieving your goals. And no matter how tiny it is, it’s still good news.
M: (14) I always feel down when I see others accomplishing things and I feel miserable about my own achievements. I’m always trying to be as good as others, but I never seem to get there.
W: Listen, if you always compare yourself with others, you’ll never feel good enough. (15) You’re the only person you should be comparing yourself with. When you compare your current status with the starting point, you’ll find you’ve made progress, right? That’s good enough.
M: That’s great advice. Thank you. I’m feeling better already.
15. What does the woman suggest the man do?
解析：B。根据录音末尾部分可知，女士对男士说到：如果你总是拿自己和别人比较，那你就永远都不会感到满足。你唯一应该比较的人是你自己。当你把你现在的状态和原来的状态进行比较时，你会发现你已经取得了进步。B项是录音中compare your current status with the starting point的同义替换，故正确答案为B。录音中说的是要从自己的错误中吸取教训，并不是从别人的成就中学习，故C项错误。录音中并没有提及要保持乐观或“己所不欲，勿施于人”，故A、D两项排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
B、They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.
C、They are more likely to become engineers.
D、They have greater potential to be leaders.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Single-sex education can have enormous benefits for female students. Numerous studies have shown that women who attend single-sex schools tend to have stronger self-confidence, better study habits and more ambitious career goals than women who attend coeducational schools. (16) Girls who graduate from single-sex schools are three times more likely to become engineers than those who attend coeducational schools. The reason is that all-girls schools encourage women to enter fields traditionally dominated by men, such as science, technology and engineering. In coeducational schools, girls are often expected to succeed only in humanities or the arts. (17) Research has also shown that in coeducational settings, teachers are more likely to praise and give in-depth responses to boys’ comments in class. In contrast, they might only respond to a girl’s comments with a nod. They are also more likely to encourage boys to work through problems on their own, while they tend to step in and help girls who struggle with a problem. In an all-girls setting, girls are more likely to speak up frequently and make significant contributions to class than in a coeducational setting. Girls studying in a single-sex setting also earn higher scores on their College Board and advanced placement exams than girls who study in coeducational settings. (18) All girls schools tend to be smaller than coeducational schools, which means teachers will be able to tailor the materials to girl students’ personal learning styles and interest.
16. What advantage does the speaker say girls from single-sex schools have over those from coeducational schools?
解析：C。录音前面部分提到，从女校毕业的女孩成为工程师的可能性是男女同校女生的三倍。C项中的more likely to become engineers为原词复现，故正确答案为C。A项的关键词social responsibility和D项的关键词potential to be leaders在录音中并未提及，故排除A、D两项。录音中间部分出现了succeed in the humanities，但原文说在男女同校的学校里，人们通常只会希望女生在人文学科或艺术方面有所成就。这不等同于“女校的女生更有可能在人文学科上取得优异成绩”，故B项错误。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.
B、Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.
C、Insist that boys and girls work together more.
D、Respond more positively to boy’s comments.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Single-sex education can have enormous benefits for female students. Numerous studies have shown that women who attend single-sex schools tend to have stronger self-confidence, better study habits and more ambitious career goals than women who attend coeducational schools. (16) Girls who graduate from single-sex schools are three times more likely to become engineers than those who attend coeducational schools. The reason is that all-girls schools encourage women to enter fields traditionally dominated by men, such as science, technology and engineering. In coeducational schools, girls are often expected to succeed only in humanities or the arts. (17) Research has also shown that in coeducational settings, teachers are more likely to praise and give in-depth responses to boys’ comments in class. In contrast, they might only respond to a girl’s comments with a nod. They are also more likely to encourage boys to work through problems on their own, while they tend to step in and help girls who struggle with a problem. In an all-girls setting, girls are more likely to speak up frequently and make significant contributions to class than in a coeducational setting. Girls studying in a single-sex setting also earn higher scores on their College Board and advanced placement exams than girls who study in coeducational settings. (18) All girls schools tend to be smaller than coeducational schools, which means teachers will be able to tailor the materials to girl students’ personal learning styles and interest.
17. What do teachers tend to do in coeducational settings?
解析：D。根据录音中间部分，研究还表明，在男女同校的情况下，老师更有可能在课堂上表扬男生，并对男生的发言给予有深度的回应。D项的boy’s comments为原词复现，positively是录音中praise and give in-depth responses的近义替换，故正确答案为D。录音中提到，老师对女生的发言可能只是会点头回应而已，而A项说老师倾向于表扬喜欢发言的女生，与录音内容相悖，故排除。录音中说而且他们还更倾向于鼓励男生（boys）自己解决一些问题，而往往会主动向遇到困难的女生提供帮助，B项与录音内容相悖，故排除。录音中并未提及男生和女生应该多在一起学习，故C项排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Offer personalized teaching materials.
B、Provide a variety of optional courses.
C、Place great emphasis on test scores.
D、Pay extra attention to top students.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Single-sex education can have enormous benefits for female students. Numerous studies have shown that women who attend single-sex schools tend to have stronger self-confidence, better study habits and more ambitious career goals than women who attend coeducational schools. (16) Girls who graduate from single-sex schools are three times more likely to become engineers than those who attend coeducational schools. The reason is that all-girls schools encourage women to enter fields traditionally dominated by men, such as science, technology and engineering. In coeducational schools, girls are often expected to succeed only in humanities or the arts. (17) Research has also shown that in coeducational settings, teachers are more likely to praise and give in-depth responses to boys’ comments in class. In contrast, they might only respond to a girl’s comments with a nod. They are also more likely to encourage boys to work through problems on their own, while they tend to step in and help girls who struggle with a problem. In an all-girls setting, girls are more likely to speak up frequently and make significant contributions to class than in a coeducational setting. Girls studying in a single-sex setting also earn higher scores on their College Board and advanced placement exams than girls who study in coeducational settings. (18) All girls schools tend to be smaller than coeducational schools, which means teachers will be able to tailor the materials to girl students’ personal learning styles and interest.
18. What are teachers more likely to do in an all-girls’ school?
解析：A。根据录音最后可知，所有女校的规模都比男女同校的规模要小，这意味着老师可以根据女生的学习风格和兴趣来对教材进行调整。A项内容是对录音中tailor the materials to girl students’ personal learning styles and interest的同义转述，故正确答案为A。录音结尾提到这意味着老师可以根据女生的个人学习风格和兴趣来对教学材料进行调整（tailor），但这并不代表女校提供了选修课，只是根据学生的能力进行个性化调整，故B项排除。录音中只是说女校的学生的女生在大学理事会和大学预修课程考试中的成绩也比在男女同校学习的女生高，这并不等于女校的老师重视考试成绩，故C项错误。录音中没有提及女校中的老师是否重视优等生，故D项排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It often rains cats and dogs.
B、It seldom rains in summer time.
C、It does not rain as much as people think.
D、It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) Today I found out that Seattle doesn’t really get that much rain compared with most US cities. In fact, Seattle ranks 44th among major US cities in average annual rainfall. Cities that get more rainfall than Seattle include Huston, Memphis, Nashville, and pretty much every major city on the eastern coast, such as New York, Boston, and Miami. So, why does everyone think of Seattle as a rainy city? The primary root of this misconception lies in that Seattle has a relatively large number of days per year with rainfall, compared with New York and Boston, which get an average of about 16% more rain per year than Seattle, but also average between them about 36 fewer days a year of rainfall. So it rains a lot less in Seattle. And the rain is spread out over more days than those cities. (20) This is why few locals in Seattle carry an umbrella generally. When it does rain, it tends to be a very light rain that isn’t troublesome. It almost never really rains as most people think. On top of that, it never really storms in Seattle, either. Seattle gets an average of a mere 7 days a year with thunder. (21) So in short, if you like sunny but not too hot summers, mild winters but with lots of cloudy days, Seattle’s the place to be. Anyway, if you visit Seattle, don’t bring an umbrella. People will look at you, thinking you are funny.
19. What does the speaker find out about Seattle?
解析：C。在录音开头，讲话者说到，与美国大多数城市相比，西雅图的降雨量并没有那么多，故正确答案为C。录音中间提到，西雅图下雨的时候，一般是很小的雨，也从来没有过真正的暴风雨，A项与录音内容相悖，故排除。录音结尾处说到，如果你喜欢晴朗又不那么热的夏天，还有温和而多云的冬天，西雅图是个合适的地方，但并没有说到那里夏天很少下雨，故B项错误。录音开头说到，西雅图的年平均降雨量在美国主要城市中排名第44位，也就是说它不是美国降雨最多的城市之一，故D项错误。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They drive most of the time.
B、The rain is usually very light.
C、They have got used to the rain.
D、The rain comes mostly at night.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) Today I found out that Seattle doesn’t really get that much rain compared with most US cities. In fact, Seattle ranks 44th among major US cities in average annual rainfall. Cities that get more rainfall than Seattle include Huston, Memphis, Nashville, and pretty much every major city on the eastern coast, such as New York, Boston, and Miami. So, why does everyone think of Seattle as a rainy city? The primary root of this misconception lies in that Seattle has a relatively large number of days per year with rainfall, compared with New York and Boston, which get an average of about 16% more rain per year than Seattle, but also average between them about 36 fewer days a year of rainfall. So it rains a lot less in Seattle. And the rain is spread out over more days than those cities. (20) This is why few locals in Seattle carry an umbrella generally. When it does rain, it tends to be a very light rain that isn’t troublesome. It almost never really rains as most people think. On top of that, it never really storms in Seattle, either. Seattle gets an average of a mere 7 days a year with thunder. (21) So in short, if you like sunny but not too hot summers, mild winters but with lots of cloudy days, Seattle’s the place to be. Anyway, if you visit Seattle, don’t bring an umbrella. People will look at you, thinking you are funny.
20. Why do local people in Seattle seldom carry an umbrella?
解析：B。录音中间部分提到，西雅图很少有当地人随身携带雨伞，因为下雨的时候，一般是很小的雨（a very light rain），并不会造成什么麻烦，故正确答案为B。录音中没有提到过西雅图的人大部分时间在开车，A项为无中生有，故错误。录音中虽然提到西雅图下雨的时候，一般是下很小的雨，并不会造成什么麻烦，但这不等同于当地人习惯了下雨，故C项排除。录音中也没有提及D项关键词at night，故D项为无中生有，排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It has a lot of places for entertainment.
B、It has never seen thunder and lightning.
C、It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.
D、It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) Today I found out that Seattle doesn’t really get that much rain compared with most US cities. In fact, Seattle ranks 44th among major US cities in average annual rainfall. Cities that get more rainfall than Seattle include Huston, Memphis, Nashville, and pretty much every major city on the eastern coast, such as New York, Boston, and Miami. So, why does everyone think of Seattle as a rainy city? The primary root of this misconception lies in that Seattle has a relatively large number of days per year with rainfall, compared with New York and Boston, which get an average of about 16% more rain per year than Seattle, but also average between them about 36 fewer days a year of rainfall. So it rains a lot less in Seattle. And the rain is spread out over more days than those cities. (20) This is why few locals in Seattle carry an umbrella generally. When it does rain, it tends to be a very light rain that isn’t troublesome. It almost never really rains as most people think. On top of that, it never really storms in Seattle, either. Seattle gets an average of a mere 7 days a year with thunder. (21) So in short, if you like sunny but not too hot summers, mild winters but with lots of cloudy days, Seattle’s the place to be. Anyway, if you visit Seattle, don’t bring an umbrella. People will look at you, thinking you are funny.
21. Why does the speaker say Seattle is a good place to be?
解析：D。录音末尾部分提到，如果你喜欢晴朗但又不那么热的夏天（summer）、温和（mild）而多云的冬天（winter），西雅图是个合适的地方，故正确答案为D。A项的关键词places for entertainment在录音中并未提及，故排除。B项的thunder在录音的后半部分提到过，但原文说的是，西雅图从来没有过真正的暴风雨，那里平均每年只有7天会打雷，并不等于从未出现过雷电，故B项错误。录音中间部分提到，西雅图降雨的天数要比另一些城市更多，由此可推断，西雅图阴天的时候应该也很多，而在录音末尾又说到西雅图的冬季阴天也很多，故C项内容与录音文意不符，可排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.
B、It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.
C、It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.
D、It comes from straining one’s muscles in an unusual way.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
After a tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it’s common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from? (22) According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way. For example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride because you haven’t ridden in a long time. Soreness occurs since your leg muscles aren’t used to that movement. When muscles perform an activity, they aren’t regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart. As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn’t happen immediately. (23) First, the body must realize the muscles are damaged. When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments. Healing can take place after this. It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles. That’s why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness. (24) Repair of damaged cells takes about two days, and afterwards the soreness disappears. (25) Unfortunately, there is little that can be done to relieve muscle soreness. Pain relieving creams don’t work, but a hot shower, or warm bath can provide some relief.
22. What does the German professor say about muscle soreness?
解析：D。录音前面提到，根据一位德国教授的说法，这种疼痛来自于肌肉拉伤，这种拉伤是一种不寻常的运动方式造成的，D项中的straining one’s muscles in an unusual way是录音中straining your muscles in an uncommon way的同义替换，故正确答案为D。A项的repetitive activity在录音中并未提及，故排除。B项内容在录音中并未提及，故排除。C项利用uncommon设置干扰，但录音说的是这种疼痛是由于运动方式与以往不同（uncommon way）造成的，并非是因为人们从事不寻常的活动（uncommon activity），故C项错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.
B、Body movements in the affected area become difficult.
C、They begin to make repairs immediately.
D、They gradually become fragmented.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
After a tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it’s common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from? (22) According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way. For example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride because you haven’t ridden in a long time. Soreness occurs since your leg muscles aren’t used to that movement. When muscles perform an activity, they aren’t regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart. As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn’t happen immediately. (23) First, the body must realize the muscles are damaged. When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments. Healing can take place after this. It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles. That’s why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness. (24) Repair of damaged cells takes about two days, and afterwards the soreness disappears. (25) Unfortunately, there is little that can be done to relieve muscle soreness. Pain relieving creams don’t work, but a hot shower, or warm bath can provide some relief.
23. What happens when muscles are damaged according to the passage?
解析：A。录音中间部分提到，当身体意识到肌肉受伤时，作出的反应是增加该部位的血流量，体温会随之升高。A项中的blood flow、body heat和increase均为原词复现，表述与录音内容一致，故为正确答案。B项中的关键词Body movements和difficult在录音中并未提及，故排除。C项利用immediately作干扰，但文章说的是修复不会立即发生。C项与此内容相悖，故排除。录音后半部分出现了fragments，但录音说的是身体会输送专门用来分解大块肌肉纤维碎片的细胞，并不是说肌肉受损时会变得支离破碎，故D项错误。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、About one week.
B、About two days.
C、About ten days.
D、About four weeks.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
After a tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it’s common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from? (22) According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way. For example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride because you haven’t ridden in a long time. Soreness occurs since your leg muscles aren’t used to that movement. When muscles perform an activity, they aren’t regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart. As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn’t happen immediately. (23) First, the body must realize the muscles are damaged. When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments. Healing can take place after this. It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles. That’s why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness. (24) Repair of damaged cells takes about two days, and afterwards the soreness disappears. (25) Unfortunately, there is little that can be done to relieve muscle soreness. Pain relieving creams don’t work, but a hot shower, or warm bath can provide some relief.
24. How long does it take for damaged cells to heal?
解析：B。录音末尾部分提到，受损细胞的修复大约需要两天，about two days为原词复现，题目中的heal对应录音中的Repair，故正确答案为B。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Apply muscle creams.
B、Drink plenty of water.
C、Have a hot shower.
D、Take pain-killers.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
After a tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it’s common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from? (22) According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way. For example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride because you haven’t ridden in a long time. Soreness occurs since your leg muscles aren’t used to that movement. When muscles perform an activity, they aren’t regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart. As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn’t happen immediately. (23) First, the body must realize the muscles are damaged. When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments. Healing can take place after this. It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles. That’s why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness. (24) Repair of damaged cells takes about two days, and afterwards the soreness disappears. (25) Unfortunately, there is little that can be done to relieve muscle soreness. Pain relieving creams don’t work, but a hot shower, or warm bath can provide some relief.
25. What does the speaker suggest one do to relieve muscle soreness?
解析：C。录音最后一句提到，止痛药膏并不会起作用，但热水淋浴或泡澡可以帮助缓解疼痛，故正确答案为C。A项利用creams设置干扰，但录音中提到的creams指的是止痛药膏，且涂抹止痛药膏也并不会起作用，故A项错误。B项中的water和D项中的pain-killer在录音中均未提及，故排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you’re planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the (26)_____ feeling air travel often leaves you with.
Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is (27)_____ to prevent altitude sickness, you could still (28)_____ sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is (29)_____ to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain (30)_____ . To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.
Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you (31)_____ thought. The air you breath in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active again by drinking water. A dry mouth may (32)_____ taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by drinking fluids.
Although in-flight infections (33)_____ in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air (34)_____ used. Unless you’re sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn’t worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands (35)_____.
26、(1)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：
名词
channels (-s) 途径；渠道；电视台
equivalent 相等的东西；等量
experience 经验；实践；阅历
filters (-s) 过滤器
individuals (-s) 个人
particular 细节；详情
动词
adjusted (-ed) 调整；适应；习惯
channels (-s) 引导；输送
experience 经历；感受；体会
filters (-s) 过滤；筛选；渗入
reduce 减少；缩小
renovated (-d) 修复；翻新
smooth 使平整；使平坦
thrive 繁荣；兴旺
形容词
adjusted 调整过的
equivalent 相等的；相同的
particular 特指的；不寻常的
smooth 平整的；平坦的
unpleasant 不舒服的；不愉快的
副词
frequently 频繁地；经常
originally 原来；起初
primarily 主要地；根本地
26. unpleasant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词feeling，空格处应填入形容词，修饰feeling。空格所在句意为，每天都有数百万人乘飞机旅行。如果你最近也打算乘坐飞机出行，你一定想要避免乘坐飞机经常会有的____的感觉。通过前文的not be looking forward to可推断出，想要避免的感觉应该是一种不好的感觉，形容词备选项中只有unpleasant填入空格中符合题意，表示“一种不舒适的感觉”，故空格处应填入unpleasant。
27. adjusted
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为Although引导的让步状语从句，句子中谓语动词不完整。空格前为is，空格后为to prevent altitude sickness作目的状语，再根据空格在所在句大意，虽然机舱的压力已经为了防止高原反应而进行了____，可以得知“机舱压力”与谓语动词之间应该是被动关系，因此空格处应填入过去分词，与is一起构成被动语态。选项中符合条件的有renovated和adjusted，renovated（修复；翻新）无法和pressure（机舱压力）构成合理语义，故renovated错误。adjusted表示“调整；适应”，代入原文意为：机舱的压力是为了防止高原反应而进行过调整的，符合文章语义，故空格处应填入adjusted。
28. experience
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句缺少谓语，空格前为情态动词could，因此空格处应填入动词原形。根据空格所在句大意，虽然机舱的压力是为了防止高原反应而进行过调整的，但你仍可能会____困倦或头痛。而困倦或头痛是在坐飞机的过程中可能会感受或经历到的，故空格处应填入experience，表示“感受；感觉到”。
29. equivalent
解析：空格所在句主语为The lower oxygen pressure，空格前为is，空格后为to，其后的that指代的是oxygen pressure。空格所在句大意为，机舱内的低氧压____海拔6000-8000英尺高度处的氧压。因此空格处应填入能与be ____ to sth.构成合理搭配的词，形容词备选项只有equivalent代入空格构成固定搭配be equivalent to，表示“相当于”，符合文意，故空格处应填入equivalent。
30. individuals
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为in certain，可推断出空格处应填入名词，certain修饰该名词。根据语义，气压下降会导致某些____感到头痛。感到头痛的主体应该是人，其中certain individuals在语境中表示“会有一部分人会感到头痛”，故空格处应填入individuals。
31. originally
解析：副词辨析题。空格前为人称代词you，空格后为动词过去式thought，主谓结构完整，故空格处应填入副词修饰thought。根据空格所在句大意，飞机餐可能不像你____想象的那么难吃。分析选项中的三个副词，只有将originally（原来；起初）代入空格可以构成合理语义，表示“不像你原来想的那么难吃”，故空格处应填入originally。
32. reduce
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为情态动词may，空格后为名词短语taste sensitivity，空格处应填入动词原形构成主系表结构。空格所在句意为，在类似的飞行环境中，人们对甜味和咸味食物的感知会下降近30%。不过，你可以通过喝水来使你的味蕾再次活跃起来。口干可能会____味觉的敏感度，但可以通过喝水来恢复味觉。由于空格所在句前一句指出机舱内的空气容易使人感到口干舌燥，从而对甜味和咸味食物的感知会下降，可推断出，空格所在句说的应该是口干可能会“降低”味觉的敏感度，故空格处应填入reduce。
33. thrive
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句为Although引导的让步状语从句，空格前为主语in-flight infections，空格后为状语in dry environments，句子缺少谓语成分，故空格处应填入动词。结合语义，虽然在飞机这类干燥的环境中，感染很容易____。由于前后两个分句存在让步转折关系，所以空格处填入的单词应与后面分句中的actually low形成对比。后半句说到，在飞机上生病的风险实际上是很低的，由此可推知，前半句说的应该是感染很容易扩散并导致生病，故空格处应填入thrive，表示“蔓延；滋生”。
34. filters
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为air，空格后为过去分词used作后置定语表示“所使用的”，空格处应填入名词。空格句所在大意为，虽然在飞机这类干燥的环境中，感染很容易蔓延，但由于飞机上会使用空气____，你在飞机上生病的风险实际上是很低的。由此可知，在飞机上所使用的东西应该可以帮助减缓病毒蔓延，filters在语境中作名词，表示“过滤器”，代入原文符合语义，故选filters。
35. frequently
解析：副词辨析题。空格前为动词短语wash your hands，空格处应填入副词，修饰前面的wash短语。根据语义，研究表明，细菌确实能够存活在机舱表面上，所以要____地洗手。只有frequently代入空格符合语义，表示“勤洗手”。
27、(2)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、individuals
B、adjusted
C、thrive
D、channels
E、particular
F、primarily
G、unpleasant
H、equivalent
I、filters
J、smooth
K、renovated
L、originally
M、frequently
N、reduce
O、experience
解析：见上一题！
Is Breakfast Really the Important Meal of the Day?
【A】Along with old classics like “carrots give you night vision” and “Santa doesn’t bring toys to misbehaving children”, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of Americans.
【B】“The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,” explains diet specialist Sarah Elder. “Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.” But there’s widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the hierarchy (等级) of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry’s involvement in pro-breakfast research—and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.
【C】What’s the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic by cereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why there’s a relationship between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie intake, improve the quality of our diet—since breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients.
【D】But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause—or if breakfast-slippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over that day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.
【E】If breakfast alone isn’t a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. “There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking,” she says.
【F】A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is “limited evidence” supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.
【G】Researchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be breakfast’s nutritional value—partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with vitamins. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the US.
【H】Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improve memory, though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the review’s researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is“reasonable” evidence breakfast does improve concentration—there just needs to be more research. “Looking at studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,” she says. “And no studies found that eating breakfast was bad for concentration.”
【I】What’s most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of ‘adult’ breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.
【J】But some research suggests if we’re going to eat sugary foods, it’s best to do it early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didn’t. Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds more—however, the study was unable to show the long-term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and concluded that type of breakfast doesn’t matter as much as simply eating something.
【K】While there’s no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating and when, the consensus is what we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we’re hungry. “Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,” Johnstone says. “Each body starts the day differently—and those individual differences need to be researched more closely,” Spitznagel says. “A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder. “Breakfast isn’t the only meal we should be getting right.”
36、36. According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 据一位教授所说，肥胖症与缺乏基本的营养及健康意识有关。
