一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He set a record by swimming to and from an island.
B、He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.
C、He visited a prison located on a faraway island.
D、He swam around an island near San Francisco.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
(1) A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison.
The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. (2) His father said he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to 200 dollars. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than 2 hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.
1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?
解析：A。根据录音前两句可知，美国加利福尼亚州中部一名9岁男孩克服了湍急的水流和冰冷的海水，从旧金山游到了曾经被用作监狱的恶魔岛，然后又游了回来。这名男孩创下了往返恶魔岛的最年轻游泳者的纪录，故正确答案为A。C项利用visited a prison（参观监狱）和island（岛屿）作干扰，但录音中只提到恶魔岛曾经是监狱，并未说他参观了监狱，故C项错误。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He doubled the reward.
B、He cheered him on all the way.
C、He set him an example.
D、He had the event covered on TV.
解析：
News Report One
听力原文
(1) A 9-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back. A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison.
The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy. James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up. (2) His father said he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward; to encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to 200 dollars. James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than 2 hours. Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.
2. What did the father do to encourage his son?
解析：A。根据录音末尾部分可知，男孩的父亲说，他原本许诺给儿子100美元作为奖励，后来为了鼓励苦苦挣扎的儿子，他把奖励翻倍，提高到200美元。doubled为原词复现，故正确答案为A。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、To end the one-child policy.
B、To encourage late marriage.
C、To increase working efficiency.
D、To give people more time to travel.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports.
(3) The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China’s one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says.
In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible, to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. (4) But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax.
3. What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?
解析：B。根据录音可知，年假福利的目的是鼓励年轻人推迟结婚，B项中的encourage为原词复现，late marriage是原文中delay getting married的同义替换，故正确答案为B。A项利用one-child policy和end作干扰，但原文指出，设立年假福利的目的是鼓励年轻人推迟结婚，以响应中国的独生子女政策。但随着独生子女政策的取消，这种假期奖励也没有必要保留，根据录音并不能得出年假福利的目的是为了取消独生子女政策，故A项错误。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They will not be welcomed by young people.
B、They will help to popularize early marriage.
C、They will boost China’s economic growth.
D、They will not come into immediate effect.
解析：
News Report Two
听力原文
On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women, and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports.
(3) The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China’s one-child policy. But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says.
In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible, to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them. In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80. (4) But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time. So people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax.
4. What do we learn about the new regulations?
解析：D。根据录音末尾部分可知，这些新规定仍需要被地方政府采纳，而这个过程需要时间，也就是说这些新规定不会立即生效，故正确答案为D。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.
B、Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.
C、A new company to clean up the mess after parties.
D、Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(6) Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. (5) Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named startup “Morning-After Maids” was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst.
Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends (which is when their service is in most demand anyway.) Besides being flooded with request from across the country, (7) Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.
5. What is the news report mainly about?
解析：C。根据录音开头可知，每次家庭派对后，打扫卫生总是一件令人头疼的事情，然而现在有一家新西兰的创业公司正致力于解决如何让凌乱的屋子回归正常，故正确答案为C。录音中提到两人有高薪的工作，只在周末和晚上做清洁工作，可见两人并未放弃原来的工作，故B选项错误。而gainfully在录音中修饰两人原来的工作，并不是清洁工作，故D选项错误。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It takes a lot of time to prepare.
B、It leaves the house in a mess.
C、It makes party goers exhausted.
D、It creates noise and misconduct.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(6) Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. (5) Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named startup “Morning-After Maids” was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst.
Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends (which is when their service is in most demand anyway.) Besides being flooded with request from across the country, (7) Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.
6. What is a common problem with a house party?
解析：B。根据录音开头可知，每个人都喜欢参加愉快的家庭派对，但是第二天早上的打扫工作就不那么愉快了。后文也提到了bring messy homes…back to normal（把凌乱的家恢复正常），故正确答案为B。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Hire an Australian lawyer.
B、Visit the U.S. and Canada.
C、Settle a legal dispute.
D、Expand their business.
解析：
News Report Three
听力原文
(6) Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn’t as enjoyable. (5) Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes—and even splitting headaches—back to normal. The properly-named startup “Morning-After Maids” was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst.
Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers. Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends (which is when their service is in most demand anyway.) Besides being flooded with request from across the country, (7) Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.S. and Canada to provide services there. They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.
7. What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?
解析：D。根据录音末尾部分可知，福利和阿舍斯特正在与律师会面，商讨如何最好地推动业务发展，故正确答案为D。B项利用the U.S. and Canada作干扰，但原文说的是，福利和阿舍斯特也收到了来自美国和加拿大的邀请，想让她们在那里提供服务，并不代表她们打算访问美国和加拿大，故B项错误。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He had a driving lesson.
B、He got his driver’s license.
C、He took the driver’s theory exam.
D、He passed the driver’s road test.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: (8) Karl, how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?
M: (8) Yes. I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit and that was just what I needed. Then after the exam they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.
W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it. (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people made that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?
M: Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So, I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session, (10) although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what? 600 to 800 pounds! (11) So, this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully I’ll be successful the first time.
W: Well, good luck!
8. What did the man do yesterday?
解析：C。根据录音开头，女士问男士：你的驾驶理论考试考得怎么样？你是昨天考的，对吧？之后男士给出了肯定的回答，由此可知，男士昨天参加了驾驶理论考试，C项中的driver’s theory exam为原词复现，故正确答案为C。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He was not well prepared.
B、He did not get to the exam in time.
C、He was not used to the test format.
D、He did not follow the test procedure.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: (8) Karl, how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?
M: (8) Yes. I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit and that was just what I needed. Then after the exam they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.
W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it. (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people made that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?
M: Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So, I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session, (10) although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what? 600 to 800 pounds! (11) So, this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully I’ll be successful the first time.
W: Well, good luck!
9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?
解析：A。根据录音，对话第二回合中女士对男士说，我想你第一次考试时低估了考试的难度，我听说很多人都犯了这样的错误，没有准备好就去考试了。A项中的not well prepared对应原文中的underprepared，故A为正确答案。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are tough.
B、They are costly.
C、They are helpful.
D、They are too short.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: (8) Karl, how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?
M: (8) Yes. I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit and that was just what I needed. Then after the exam they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.
W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it. (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people made that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?
M: Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So, I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session, (10) although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what? 600 to 800 pounds! (11) So, this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully I’ll be successful the first time.
W: Well, good luck!
10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?
解析：B。根据录音，男士后来说到，驾驶课相当昂贵，B选项的costly是对录音中expensive的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Pass his road test the first time.
B、Test-drive a few times on highways.
C、Find an experienced driving instructor.
D、Earn enough money for driving lessons.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: (8) Karl, how did your driver’s theory exam go? It was yesterday, right?
M: (8) Yes. I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try. The people who worked at the test center were very kind though. We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit and that was just what I needed. Then after the exam they printed out my result. But I was afraid to open it until I was outside. It was such a relief to pass.
W: Congratulations! I knew you could do it. (9) I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn’t you? I hear a lot of people made that mistake and go in underprepared. But good job in passing the second time. I’m so proud of you. Now, all you have to do next is your road test. Have you had any lessons yet?
M: Yes, thanks. I’m so happy to be actually on the road now. I’ve only had two driving lessons so far and my instructor is very understanding. So, I’m really enjoying it and I can’t wait for my next session, (10) although the lessons are rather expensive. 20 pounds an hour and the instructor says I’ll need about 30 to 40 lessons in total. That’s what? 600 to 800 pounds! (11) So, this time I’ll need to make a lot more effort and hopefully I’ll be successful the first time.
W: Well, good luck!
11. What does the man hope to do next?
解析：A。根据录音，男士最后说到，这次要更加努力，希望第一次就能成功。男士在之前提到，他在学习路考课程，所以这里指的是希望能一次通过路考，故正确答案为A。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Where the woman studies.
B、The acceptance rate at Leeds.
C、Leeds’ tuition for international students.
D、How to apply for studies at a university.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Emma, I’ve got accepted to the University of Leeds. (12) Since you are going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?
W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.
M: OK. So that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I’m only going to be there for a year, doing my Master’s. So it’s pretty good. If I stay in the US, it takes 2 years and costs at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which will be pretty awesome—a benefit of being a music genius.
W: Yeah, (14) I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a postgraduate degree now? I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.
M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.
W: You’d be surprised. (15) I’m still going to be a teacher, but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class. And I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.
12. What does the man want to know?
解析：C。男士在录音开头说到他被利兹大学录取了，问女士是否知道留学生在那里学习要花多少钱。C项中的tuition表示“学费”，与原文中的how much相对应，故正确答案为C。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Apply to an American university.
B、Do research on higher education.
C、Perform in a famous musical.
D、Pursue postgraduate studies.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Emma, I’ve got accepted to the University of Leeds. (12) Since you are going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?
W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.
M: OK. So that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I’m only going to be there for a year, doing my Master’s. So it’s pretty good. If I stay in the US, it takes 2 years and costs at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which will be pretty awesome—a benefit of being a music genius.
W: Yeah, (14) I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a postgraduate degree now? I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.
M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.
W: You’d be surprised. (15) I’m still going to be a teacher, but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class. And I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.
13. What is the man going to do?
解析：D。录音中男士说到，他只打算在英国待一年，攻读硕士学位。D项中的postgraduate studies是原文中master’s的同义替换，故正确答案为D。A项利用American作干扰，但原文中男士说到，如果他留在美国攻读硕士学位，需要两年的时间，光是学费就至少要5万美元。由此可知，他并没有打算申请美国的大学，故A项错误。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、His favorable recommendations.
B、His outstanding musical talent.
C、His academic excellence.
D、His unique experience.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Emma, I’ve got accepted to the University of Leeds. (12) Since you are going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?
W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.
M: OK. So that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I’m only going to be there for a year, doing my Master’s. So it’s pretty good. If I stay in the US, it takes 2 years and costs at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which will be pretty awesome—a benefit of being a music genius.
W: Yeah, (14) I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a postgraduate degree now? I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.
M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.
W: You’d be surprised. (15) I’m still going to be a teacher, but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class. And I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.
14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?
解析：B。录音中男士说到，他很有可能获得利兹大学的奖学金，因为他是个音乐天才。女士对此也表示了肯定，说男士有弹钢琴的天赋，故正确答案为B。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Do a master’s degree.
B、Settle down in England.
C、Travel widely.
D、Teach overseas.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Emma, I’ve got accepted to the University of Leeds. (12) Since you are going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?
W: Congratulations! Yes, I believe for international students you’ll have to pay around 13,000 pounds a year. It’s just a bit more than the local students.
M: OK. So that’s about 17,000 dollars for the tuition and fees. (13) Anyway, I’m only going to be there for a year, doing my Master’s. So it’s pretty good. If I stay in the US, it takes 2 years and costs at least 50,000 dollars in tuition alone. (14) Also, I have a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds which will be pretty awesome—a benefit of being a music genius.
W: Yeah, (14) I heard you are a talented piano player. So you are doing a postgraduate degree now? I’m still in my last year, graduating next June. Finally, I’ll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.
M: Are you still planning on being a teacher? No money in that job then.
W: You’d be surprised. (15) I’m still going to be a teacher, but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England. It’s better paid and I get to travel, which reminds me I’m late for my class. And I’ve got some documents I need to print out first. I’d better run.
15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?
解析：D。录音中女士在最后说到，她还是要当老师。但她的计划是在英国工作一年左右，然后到国外的一所国际学校工作，故正确答案为D。C项利用travel设置干扰，但能够旅行是去海外的国际学校任教顺带好处，并非女士自己的目的，故C项错误。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They help farmers keep diseases in check.
B、Many species remain unknown to scientists.
C、Only a few species cause trouble to humans.
D、They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(16) Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. (16) A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. (17) Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home’s structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? (18) Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur, and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.
16. What does the passage say about ants?
解析：C。根据录音开头可知，科学家们已经在世界各地发现了数千种已知的蚂蚁，但其中只有少数会烦扰人类。随后指出，只有一小部分蚂蚁对人类有害，故正确答案为C。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are larger than many other species.
B、They can cause damage to people’s homes.
C、They can survive a long time without water.
D、They like to form colonies in electrical units.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(16) Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. (16) A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. (17) Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home’s structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? (18) Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur, and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.
17. What does the passage say about ants?
解析：B。根据录音中间部分可知，有些蚂蚁（如木蚁）会破坏房屋结构，而另一些则会干扰电器。故正确答案为B。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Deny them access to any food.
B、Keep doors and windows shut.
C、Destroy their colonies close by.
D、Refrain from eating sugary food.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
(16) Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world—and only a few of them bug humans. Most ants live in the woods or out in nature. There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground. (16) A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans. But those are incredibly challenging to control. They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly. That makes them good at getting in, and hard to kick out. Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home. In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage. (17) Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home’s structure, while others interfere with electrical units. Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants, because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water and shelter. So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes? (18) Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth. We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur, and store food in airtight containers. Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.
18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?
解析：A。录音后半部分提到，我们的家对蚂蚁非常有吸引力，因为它们提供了蚁群生存所需的一切，比如食物、水和住所。要阻止蚂蚁进入我们家中，最重要的是，不要让蚂蚁有机会接触到任何食物，故正确答案为A。D项利用sugary food（含糖食物）作干扰，但录音中说的是，我们不要给蚂蚁留下任何食物，尤其是含糖食物，因为蚂蚁喜欢吃含糖的食物，并非指我们不能吃含糖的食物，故D项错误。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The function of the human immune system.
B、The cause of various auto-immune diseases.
C、The viruses that may infect the human immune system.
D、The change in people’s immune system as they get older.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections, so older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls; so we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called “The 1,000 Elders”. These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. (20) They come to the University to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research. (21) The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we’re living much longer; life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. (21) We want people to be healthy even when they are old.
19. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?
解析：D。根据录音开头可知，讲话者的研究重点是：随着我们年龄的增长，我们的免疫系统会发生什么变化，故正确答案为D。A项的function在录音中对应job，但根据中心句可知，本文并非在阐释免疫系统的功能，A项错误。而B项利用auto-immune diseases设置干扰，但录音中只是说免疫系统保护身体不受这类疾病侵害，并未说明疾病产生的原因，故排除B项。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Report their illnesses.
B、Offer blood samples.
C、Act as research assistants.
D、Help to interview patients.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections, so older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls; so we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called “The 1,000 Elders”. These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. (20) They come to the University to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research. (21) The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we’re living much longer; life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. (21) We want people to be healthy even when they are old.
20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?
解析：B。根据录音中间部分可知，志愿者来这所大学是为了给我们提供血液样本，并帮助我们进行一系列的研究。故正确答案为B。录音中谈到志愿者会to be interviewed（受到采访），但并不是说会帮着采访病人，因此D项排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.
B、Better understanding patients’ immune system.
C、Helping improve old people’s health conditions.
D、Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(19) My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age. So the job of the immune system is to fight infections. It also protects us from viruses and from auto-immune diseases. We know that as we get older, it’s easier for us to get infections, so older adults have more chances of falling ill. This is evidence that our immune system really doesn’t function so well when we age. In most of our work when we’re looking at older adults who’ve got an illness, we always have to have health controls; so we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called “The 1,000 Elders”. These volunteers are all 65 or over but in good health. (20) They come to the University to provide us with blood samples, to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research. (21) The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age. At the moment, we’re living much longer; life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade. That means an extra five hours a day. I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age and that they’re not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak. (21) We want people to be healthy even when they are old.
21. What is the focus of the speaker’s research?
解析：C。根据录音可知，讲话者的研究真正产生影响的领域是老年人健康。录音最后也提到，讲话者希望人们即使老了也能保持健康，所以讲话者认为，他的研究的影响是帮助改善老年人的健康状况，故正确答案为C。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、His students had trouble getting on with each other.
B、A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.
C、His students were struggling to follow his lessons.
D、A group of kids were playing chess after school.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22) He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. (23) And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. (24) The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. (25) Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25) Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.
22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Killip Elementary?
解析：D。录音开头部分提及，泰德·科马达有一天放学后注意到一群孩子聚在一起下国际象棋，故正确答案为D。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Visit a chess team in Nashville.
B、Join the school’s chess team.
C、Participate in a national chess competition.
D、Receive training for a chess competition.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22) He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. (23) And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. (24) The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. (25) Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25) Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.
23. What are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week?
解析：C。根据录音中间部分可知，本周，几十名学生准备前往田纳西州的纳什维尔，与大约5000名年轻人在国际象棋超级联赛中进行比赛，故正确答案为C。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Most of them come from low-income families.
B、Many have become national chess champions.
C、A couple of them have got involved in crimes.
D、Many became chess coaches after graduation.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22) He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. (23) And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. (24) The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. (25) Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25) Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.
24. What do we learn about the students of Killip Elementary?
解析：A。根据录音可知，这所学校里来自低收入家庭的孩子最多，A项中的low-income families为原词复现，故正确答案为A。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Actions speak louder than words.
B、Think twice before taking action.
C、Translate their words into action.
D、Take action before it gets too late.
解析：
Passage Three
听力原文
When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn’t know how to manage a classroom and was struggling to connect with students. (22) He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess. “I know how to play chess. Let me go and show these kids how to do it,” he said. Now, Komada coaches the school’s chess team. The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school. (23) And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the SuperNationals of chess. The competition only happens every four years and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation. Komada says chess gives him, and his students, control. (24) The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families. Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago, a young man was shot just down the street. (25) Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it. The lessons proved valuable outside the classroom as well. Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world. (25) Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.
25. What have the students learned from Komada?
解析：B。根据录音末尾部分可知，科马达喜欢教导他的学生在行动之前考虑他们的行动是否得当。学生们也会更多地去思考他们的行为，看看这些行为是否会造成麻烦，B项与原文表达意义一致，故正确答案为B。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has (26)_____ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.
In a (27)_____ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan, lawmakers have introduced (28)_____ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road.
“Michigan’s (29)_____ in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to (30)_____ our leadership in transportation. We can’t let that happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead (31)_____ of four bills recently introduced.
If all four bills pass as written, they would (32)_____ a substantial update of Michigan’s 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand (33)_____ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.
Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In (34)_____, California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more (35)_____ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.
26、(1)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：
名词
bid 出价；投标；努力
contrast 差异；差别
deputy 代理人，副手，副职
dominance 优势，显要，突出
fleets (-s) 车队；船队
knots (-s)（线、绳等打成的）结
legislation 法规，法律
reward 回报；报酬；奖赏
sponsor 赞助者，赞助商
动词
bid 出价；投标；叫牌
contrast 形成对照，形成对比
knots (-s) 打结；交缠
migrated (-ed) 迁徙；移居
replace 接替；取代；替换
represent 代表
reward 酬谢，报答，奖赏
sponsor 赞助，资助
transmitted (-ed) 传输，发送，传送
形容词
restrictive 限制的，约束的
significant 重要的，重大的
26. migrated
解析：空格前为has，空格后为介词from，空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。备选项有migrated和transmitted，migrate from…to…表示“从……转移到……”，transmit from...to...表示“从……传输到……”。根据语义，在过去的十年里，美国汽车创新的中心已经搬到了2000英里之外——从底特律____到了硅谷，可知答案为migrated。
27. bid
解析：空格前为不定冠词a，空格处应填入可数名词单数形式。此处考查固定搭配，in a bid to do sth.表示“为了/试图做某事”，代入原文意为：为了让汽车生产回到底特律……，语义合理。其他名词备选项代入空中均无法构成合理语义，故答案为bid。
28. legislation
解析：空格前为have introduced，可知空格处应填入名词，本空所在句主语为lawmakers（立法者），由此可知，空格处应填入和“立法”含义相关的名词，故本空应填入legislation，表示“法规，法律”。代入原文意为：密歇根州的立法官员们提出要制订一些法规。
29. dominance
解析：空格前为所有格形式Michigan’s，可知空格处应填入名词。空格所在句大意为：密歇根州在汽车研发方面的____受到了几个州和其他国家的威胁……。空格处填入的名词应和本句末尾的leadership in transportation呼应，dominance表示“统治、支配”，代入原文指“密歇根州的主导地位”，与句意相符，故答案为dominance。
30. replace
解析：空格前为desire to，空格处应填入动词原形。根据前文分析，密歇根州在汽车研发方面的主导地位受到了几个州和国家的威胁，这些州和国家希望____我们在运输领域的领导地位。由前文的attack（攻击）可知，空格处应填入和“威胁”相呼应的动词。replace表示“取代，代替”，代入原文意为：取代我们在运输领域的领导地位，符合文意，故答案为replace。
31. sponsor
解析：空格前为人名Senator Mike Kowall，the lead在此处表示“首席”，空格后为介词of，空格处应填入和职位或身份相关的名词。sponsor表示“倡议人；发起人”，能与four bills搭配，代入原文意为：参议员麦克·科沃尔是最近提出的四项法案的主要发起人，故答案为sponsor。
32. represent
解析：空格前为情态动词would，空格处应填入动词原形。根据句意，如果这四项法案都能以书面形式通过，这将____对密歇根州2013年法案的一次重大更新，该法案允许在有限条件下测试自动驾驶汽车。represent表示“代表”，代入原文符合句意，故答案为represent。
33. fleets
解析：空格后为介词of，空格处应填入名词。前半句出现了groups of self-driving cars（自动驾驶车队），后半句的and even表示递进，空格后同样出现了of self-driving cars。由此可知，空格处应填入和groups相近的名词，fleets表示“车队；船队”，代入文中与groups呼应，故答案为fleets。
34. contrast
解析：此处考查固定搭配，根据句意：密歇根州的立法官员们显然想让该州为商用自动驾驶技术做好准备。____，加利福尼亚州要求人类司机做好掌控方向盘的准备，并禁止自动驾驶技术商用。由此可知，密歇根州和加利福尼亚州的政策是相反的。in contrast为固定搭配，表示“相反的是；相比之下”，故空格处应填入contrast。
35. restrictive
解析：空格后为名词rules，空格处应填入形容词。根据前文分析，加利福尼亚州是想禁止自动驾驶技术商用，所以对此提出的规定应该是更加有限制性的，restrictive表示“限制的，约束的”，代入原文符合句意，故答案为restrictive。
27、(2)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、restrictive
B、dominance
C、reward
D、contrast
E、legislation
F、fleets
G、significant
H、transmitted
I、deputy
J、sponsor
K、represent
L、bid
M、migrated
N、knots
O、replace
解析：见上一题！
How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100
【A】Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.
【B】Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.
【C】Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.
【D】But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.
【E】 While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.
【F】Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.
【G】And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.
【H】The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.
【I】It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide foundation for building a wide variety of skills.
【J】 Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.
【K】A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.
【L】These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.
【M】With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.
【N】 Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.
36、An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
解析：36. 未来寿命的延长将使人的职业比现在更多。
