一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、A man was pulled to safety after a building collapse.
B、A beam about ten feet long collapsed to the ground.
C、A rescue worker got trapped in the basement.
D、A deserted 100-year-old building caught fire.
解析：
(1) Rescue crews pulled a man to safety after a collapse at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday. The incident happened on the 400 block of Rutland Road just after 12:30 p.m. The Fire Department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially collapsed. A man described as “a non-worker civilian” was buried up to his waist in the basement. (2) The man was collecting building materials when the first floor collapsed underneath him. He was trapped under a beam about ten feet below the surface for nearly an hour and a half. The man was then taken to hospital. Officials said he is n stable condition with non-life threatening injuries.
The building was reportedly purchased by a neighboring church in 2011. It was the site of a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.
1. What happed at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday?
解析：根据录音开头可知，周二，布鲁克林一处建筑工地发生坍塌事故，事后救援人员将一名男子救到安全地带。A选项中pulled，a man，to safety和collapse为原词复现，符合视听一致原则，故为正确答案。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He suffered a fatal injury in an accident.
B、He once served in a fire department.
C、He was collecting building materials.
D、He moved into his neighbor’s old house.
解析：
(1) Rescue crews pulled a man to safety after a collapse at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday. The incident happened on the 400 block of Rutland Road just after 12:30 p.m. The Fire Department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially collapsed. A man described as “a non-worker civilian” was buried up to his waist in the basement. (2) The man was collecting building materials when the first floor collapsed underneath him. He was trapped under a beam about ten feet below the surface for nearly an hour and a half. The man was then taken to hospital. Officials said he is n stable condition with non-life threatening injuries.
The building was reportedly purchased by a neighboring church in 2011. It was the site of a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.
2. What does the report say about the “non-worker civilian”?
解析：根据录音中间部分可知，一楼坍塌时，该男子正在收集建筑材料。C选项是对录音内容的完全复现，故为正确答案。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Improve the maths skills of high school teachers.
B、Change British people’s negative view of maths.
C、Help British people understand their paychecks.
D、Launch a campaign to promote maths teaching.
解析：
Millions of people are struggling to understand their paychecks or calculate money in shops, campaigners have said. Being bad at maths should no longer be seen as “a badge of honour” or down to genetics, (3) according to National Numeracy, a new organisation which aims to challenge the nation’s negative view of the subject.
Chris Humphries, chairman of the group, said that poor maths skills can affect an individual’s life, leaving them at a higher risk of being excluded from school or out of work. Figures from a government survey, published last year, show that 17 million adults in England have basic math skills that are, at best, the same as an 11-year-old, he said. Speaking at the launch of the National Numeracy, Mr. Humphries said: “That’s a scary figure, because what it means is they often can’t calculate or give change.”
Mike Ellicock, chief executive of National Numeracy, said: “We want to challenge this ‘I can’t do maths’ attitude that is prevalent in the UK”, (4) adding that is vital that all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts, as young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on.
3. What does the organisation National Numeracy aim to do?
解析：根据录音开头部分，该中心旨在挑战民众对数学学科的消极看法。B选项中Change是对原文中的challenge的同义替换，negative view为原词复现，故B为正确答案。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Children take maths courses at an earlier age.
B、The public sees the value of maths in their life.
C、British people know how to do elementary calculations.
D、Primary school teachers understand basic maths concepts.
解析：
Millions of people are struggling to understand their paychecks or calculate money in shops, campaigners have said. Being bad at maths should no longer be seen as “a badge of honour” or down to genetics, (3) according to National Numeracy, a new organisation which aims to challenge the nation’s negative view of the subject.
Chris Humphries, chairman of the group, said that poor maths skills can affect an individual’s life, leaving them at a higher risk of being excluded from school or out of work. Figures from a government survey, published last year, show that 17 million adults in England have basic math skills that are, at best, the same as an 11-year-old, he said. Speaking at the launch of the National Numeracy, Mr. Humphries said: “That’s a scary figure, because what it means is they often can’t calculate or give change.”
Mike Ellicock, chief executive of National Numeracy, said: “We want to challenge this ‘I can’t do maths’ attitude that is prevalent in the UK”, (4) adding that is vital that all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts, as young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on.
4. What is vital according to the chief executive of National Numeracy?
解析：在录音最后，执行长官迈克·艾利考克补充说，所有小学教师对关键的数学概念的理解至关重要。D选项为原文复现，故为正确答案。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He owns a fleet of aircraft.
B、He is learning to be a pilot.
C、He regards his royal duties as a burden.
D、He held a part-time job for over 20 years.
解析：
(5) The Dutch king has revealed that for more than two decades he has held down a part-time second job, alongside his royal duties.
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands said that he recently ended his role as a regular “guest pilot” after 21 years with a national airline’s fleet of now-outdated aircraft.
As a guest flier, the king worked about twice a month, always as co-pilot. He will now retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s as the old planes are being phased out of service. The fifty-year-old father of three and king to 17 million Dutch citizens calls flying a “hobby”. It lets him leave his royal duties on the ground and fully focus on something else.
“You have an aircraft, passengers and crew. You have responsibility for them,” the king said. “You can’t take your problems from the ground into the skies. (6) You can completely change focus and concentrate on something else. That, for me, is the most relaxing part of flying.”
(7) Willem-Alexander said he is rarely recognised by passengers. Very few people pay attention to him as he walks through the airport in his airline uniform and cap.
5. What does the report say about the Dutch king?
解析：录音开头指出，20多年来，除了履行皇室职责外，他还保住了兼职做的第二份工作。D选项的a part-time job为原词复现，20 years是对录音中two decades的同义转述，故D为正确答案。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、He can demonstrate his superior piloting skills.
B、He can change his focus of attention and relax.
C、He can show his difference from other royalty.
D、He can come into closer contact with his people.
解析：
(5) The Dutch king has revealed that for more than two decades he has held down a part-time second job, alongside his royal duties.
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands said that he recently ended his role as a regular “guest pilot” after 21 years with a national airline’s fleet of now-outdated aircraft.
As a guest flier, the king worked about twice a month, always as co-pilot. He will now retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s as the old planes are being phased out of service. The fifty-year-old father of three and king to 17 million Dutch citizens calls flying a “hobby”. It lets him leave his royal duties on the ground and fully focus on something else.
“You have an aircraft, passengers and crew. You have responsibility for them,” the king said. “You can’t take your problems from the ground into the skies. (6) You can completely change focus and concentrate on something else. That, for me, is the most relaxing part of flying.”
(7) Willem-Alexander said he is rarely recognised by passengers. Very few people pay attention to him as he walks through the airport in his airline uniform and cap.
6. Why does the king say he likes flying?
解析：录音后半部分提到，对国王而言，飞行最放松的部分是它可以转移注意力，B选项是对此内容的转述，故为正确答案。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They enjoyed his company.
B、They liked him in his uniform.
C、They rarely recognised him.
D、They were surprised to see him.
解析：
(5) The Dutch king has revealed that for more than two decades he has held down a part-time second job, alongside his royal duties.
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands said that he recently ended his role as a regular “guest pilot” after 21 years with a national airline’s fleet of now-outdated aircraft.
As a guest flier, the king worked about twice a month, always as co-pilot. He will now retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s as the old planes are being phased out of service. The fifty-year-old father of three and king to 17 million Dutch citizens calls flying a “hobby”. It lets him leave his royal duties on the ground and fully focus on something else.
“You have an aircraft, passengers and crew. You have responsibility for them,” the king said. “You can’t take your problems from the ground into the skies. (6) You can completely change focus and concentrate on something else. That, for me, is the most relaxing part of flying.”
(7) Willem-Alexander said he is rarely recognised by passengers. Very few people pay attention to him as he walks through the airport in his airline uniform and cap.
7. What does the king say about passengers at the airport?
解析：录音最后提及，国王称他极少被乘客认出来，C选项与录音信息一致，为正确答案。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They were skilled carpenters themselves.
B、It didn’t need much capital to start with.
C、Wood supply was plentiful in Romania.
D、They saw a business opportunity there.
解析：
M: Morning, Ms. Samino, welcome to our studio.
W: Thanks, my pleasure.
M: OK, then, let me start by asking you how old your company is.
W: My grandparents started the company in 1955.
M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?
W: At the time there was a construction boom. (8) There was a great need of furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity. (9) Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wood furniture. And this goal has never changed.
M: Do you still only work with wood?
W: That’s right. It’s what we know and what we do best. If we started trying different materials, our quality would probably suffer.
M: And all the wood is local?
W: Correct. (10) A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.
M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time? What have been the main challenges and opportunities that you have faced?
W: Well, back in the 50s and 60s, Romania was a lot poorer than it is today. My grandfather and father did not have much capital and our customers didn’t have much money either. So that limited growth. The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union. Suddenly, our market is exploded in size, and (11) we could now sell our products all across the continent. There was also more financial investment and as a result we went from having 20 employees to 200.
M: Which countries are your biggest market?
W: Besides Romania, our biggest market is Germany. There is strong demand there for our traditional style of furniture.
8. Why did Samino’s grandparents start a furniture plant in Bucharest?
解析：对话中提到女士的祖父母开办家具厂是因为当时有一股建设热潮，他们从中看到了商机。D选项的saw a business opportunity为原词复现，符合视听一致原则，故为正确答案。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Provide quality furniture at affordable prices.
B、Attract foreign investment to expand business.
C、Enlarge their company by hiring more workers.
D、Open some more branch companies in Germany.
解析：
M: Morning, Ms. Samino, welcome to our studio.
W: Thanks, my pleasure.
M: OK, then, let me start by asking you how old your company is.
W: My grandparents started the company in 1955.
M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?
W: At the time there was a construction boom. (8) There was a great need of furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity. (9) Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wood furniture. And this goal has never changed.
M: Do you still only work with wood?
W: That’s right. It’s what we know and what we do best. If we started trying different materials, our quality would probably suffer.
M: And all the wood is local?
W: Correct. (10) A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.
M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time? What have been the main challenges and opportunities that you have faced?
W: Well, back in the 50s and 60s, Romania was a lot poorer than it is today. My grandfather and father did not have much capital and our customers didn’t have much money either. So that limited growth. The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union. Suddenly, our market is exploded in size, and (11) we could now sell our products all across the continent. There was also more financial investment and as a result we went from having 20 employees to 200.
M: Which countries are your biggest market?
W: Besides Romania, our biggest market is Germany. There is strong demand there for our traditional style of furniture.
9. What was Samino’s grandfather trying to do?
解析：对话中提到，女士的祖父母试图提供物美价廉的木质家具，A选项与对话信息一致，故为正确答案。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are from her hometown.
B、They are imported from Germany.
C、They all come from Romania.
D、They come from all over the continent.
解析：
M: Morning, Ms. Samino, welcome to our studio.
W: Thanks, my pleasure.
M: OK, then, let me start by asking you how old your company is.
W: My grandparents started the company in 1955.
M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?
W: At the time there was a construction boom. (8) There was a great need of furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity. (9) Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wood furniture. And this goal has never changed.
M: Do you still only work with wood?
W: That’s right. It’s what we know and what we do best. If we started trying different materials, our quality would probably suffer.
M: And all the wood is local?
W: Correct. (10) A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.
M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time? What have been the main challenges and opportunities that you have faced?
W: Well, back in the 50s and 60s, Romania was a lot poorer than it is today. My grandfather and father did not have much capital and our customers didn’t have much money either. So that limited growth. The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union. Suddenly, our market is exploded in size, and (11) we could now sell our products all across the continent. There was also more financial investment and as a result we went from having 20 employees to 200.
M: Which countries are your biggest market?
W: Besides Romania, our biggest market is Germany. There is strong demand there for our traditional style of furniture.
10. What does Samino say about her company’s raw materials?
解析：对话中女士提到，原材料百分之百产自罗马尼亚。C选项的all是对录音中A hundred percent的同义转述，因此C为正确答案。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、All across Europe.
B、Throughout the world.
C、Mostly in Bucharest.
D、In Romania only.
解析：
M: Morning, Ms. Samino, welcome to our studio.
W: Thanks, my pleasure.
M: OK, then, let me start by asking you how old your company is.
W: My grandparents started the company in 1955.
M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?
W: At the time there was a construction boom. (8) There was a great need of furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity. (9) Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wood furniture. And this goal has never changed.
M: Do you still only work with wood?
W: That’s right. It’s what we know and what we do best. If we started trying different materials, our quality would probably suffer.
M: And all the wood is local?
W: Correct. (10) A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.
M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time? What have been the main challenges and opportunities that you have faced?
W: Well, back in the 50s and 60s, Romania was a lot poorer than it is today. My grandfather and father did not have much capital and our customers didn’t have much money either. So that limited growth. The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union. Suddenly, our market is exploded in size, and (11) we could now sell our products all across the continent. There was also more financial investment and as a result we went from having 20 employees to 200.
M: Which countries are your biggest market?
W: Besides Romania, our biggest market is Germany. There is strong demand there for our traditional style of furniture.
11. Where does Samino’s company sell their products?
解析：对话中女士指出，现在可以将产品销往整个欧洲，A选项的Europe的对原文中the continent的同义替换，故为正确答案。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Go to a concert with him and his girlfriend.
B、Try out a new restaurant together in town.
C、Go with him to choose a pearl for Susan.
D、Attend the opening of a local restaurant.
解析：
M: Have you heard about the new restaurant, the Pearl? (12) Susan and I are going to try it out this weekend. We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o’clock. I can call to add two more to the table if you’d like.
W: That sounds great! We’d love to join you. You always seem to know the best place to go. Where do you hear about these things?
M: I have a habit of reading (614) Magazine. (13) It has all the information on local events within the (614) column code area.
W: That’s a clever name for the magazine then. Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?
M: They have other information, too. Things like concerts, festivals and small shops. I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting, though. Each year, they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week.
W: Restaurant Week? What’s that?
M: Oh, it’s wonderful. All the stylish restaurants participate. They have special set menus for the week, usually in spring at a number of different price points. (14) Susan and I go to at least 3 different places during the event. It’s a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price and try something new. That’s how we found the Pearl actually.
W: Wow, that’s an event I would be interested in. When will it be happening this year?
M: You’re in luck. (15) Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May. Let’s make sure they set a double date during the event. Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.
W: OK, I will.
12. What does the man invite the woman to do this weekend?
解析：男士在对话一开头就提到自己和苏珊要去尝试新开的餐厅，并表示女士想去的话，可以在预订的桌子上加位子，可见男士邀请女士一起去尝试新开的餐厅，故B选项为正确答案。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is sponsored by local restaurants.
B、 It specializes in food advertising.
C、It is especially popular with the young.
D、It provides information on local events.
解析：
M: Have you heard about the new restaurant, the Pearl? (12) Susan and I are going to try it out this weekend. We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o’clock. I can call to add two more to the table if you’d like.
W: That sounds great! We’d love to join you. You always seem to know the best place to go. Where do you hear about these things?
M: I have a habit of reading (614) Magazine. (13) It has all the information on local events within the (614) column code area.
W: That’s a clever name for the magazine then. Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?
M: They have other information, too. Things like concerts, festivals and small shops. I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting, though. Each year, they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week.
W: Restaurant Week? What’s that?
M: Oh, it’s wonderful. All the stylish restaurants participate. They have special set menus for the week, usually in spring at a number of different price points. (14) Susan and I go to at least 3 different places during the event. It’s a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price and try something new. That’s how we found the Pearl actually.
W: Wow, that’s an event I would be interested in. When will it be happening this year?
M: You’re in luck. (15) Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May. Let’s make sure they set a double date during the event. Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.
W: OK, I will.
13. What does the man say about (614) Magazine?
解析：对话中男士提到，《（614）杂志》提供有关当地活动的所有信息，D选项中information on local events为录音信息的原词复现，故为正确答案。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They design a special set of menus for themselves.
B、They treat themselves to various entertainments.
C、They go to eat at different stylish restaurants.
D、They participate in a variety of social events.
解析：
M: Have you heard about the new restaurant, the Pearl? (12) Susan and I are going to try it out this weekend. We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o’clock. I can call to add two more to the table if you’d like.
W: That sounds great! We’d love to join you. You always seem to know the best place to go. Where do you hear about these things?
M: I have a habit of reading (614) Magazine. (13) It has all the information on local events within the (614) column code area.
W: That’s a clever name for the magazine then. Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?
M: They have other information, too. Things like concerts, festivals and small shops. I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting, though. Each year, they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week.
W: Restaurant Week? What’s that?
M: Oh, it’s wonderful. All the stylish restaurants participate. They have special set menus for the week, usually in spring at a number of different price points. (14) Susan and I go to at least 3 different places during the event. It’s a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price and try something new. That’s how we found the Pearl actually.
W: Wow, that’s an event I would be interested in. When will it be happening this year?
M: You’re in luck. (15) Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May. Let’s make sure they set a double date during the event. Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.
W: OK, I will.
14. What does the man usually do with Susan during Restaurant Week?
解析：对话中男士表示，自己和苏珊在“餐厅周”期间至少会去三家不同的餐厅，故C选项为正确答案。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、More restaurants will join Restaurant Week.
B、This year’s Restaurant Week will start soon.
C、Bigger discounts will be offered this Restaurant Week.
D、More types of food will be served this Restaurant Week.
解析：
M: Have you heard about the new restaurant, the Pearl? (12) Susan and I are going to try it out this weekend. We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o’clock. I can call to add two more to the table if you’d like.
W: That sounds great! We’d love to join you. You always seem to know the best place to go. Where do you hear about these things?
M: I have a habit of reading (614) Magazine. (13) It has all the information on local events within the (614) column code area.
W: That’s a clever name for the magazine then. Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?
M: They have other information, too. Things like concerts, festivals and small shops. I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting, though. Each year, they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week.
W: Restaurant Week? What’s that?
M: Oh, it’s wonderful. All the stylish restaurants participate. They have special set menus for the week, usually in spring at a number of different price points. (14) Susan and I go to at least 3 different places during the event. It’s a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price and try something new. That’s how we found the Pearl actually.
W: Wow, that’s an event I would be interested in. When will it be happening this year?
M: You’re in luck. (15) Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May. Let’s make sure they set a double date during the event. Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.
W: OK, I will.
15. Why does the man say the woman is in luck?
解析：对话最后男士表示女士很幸运，因为今年的“餐厅周”将在几天后举办，in just a few days与soon为同义转述，故B选项为正确答案。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Rewarding them for eating vegetables.
B、Exposing them to vegetables repeatedly.
C、Improving the taste of vegetable dishes for them.
D、Explaining the benefits of eating vegetables to them.
解析：
All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. (16) The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it.
Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children. They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat: mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages. (17) The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After eight minutes they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious”, “just OK” or “disgusting”. The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after eight weeks.
Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. (18) After the trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.
16. What is the best way to get children to eat vegetables according to a recent study?
解析：录音开头指出，让孩子吃不喜欢的食物的最佳方式是让他们反复接触这些食物，故B选项为正确答案。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They were disliked most by children.
B、They were considered most nutritious.
C、They were least used in Belgian cooking.
D、They were essential to children’s health.
解析：
All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. (16) The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it.
Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children. They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat: mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages. (17) The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After eight minutes they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious”, “just OK” or “disgusting”. The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after eight weeks.
Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. (18) After the trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.
17. What did the researchers find about carrots?
解析：录音中间指出，口味测试表明，胡萝卜是最不受青少年喜欢的蔬菜。A选项中disliked most是对录音中least liked的同义转述，故A为正确答案。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Vegetables differ in their nutritional value.
B、Children’s eating habits can be changed.
C、Parents watch closely what children eat.
D、Children’s choices of food vary greatly.
解析：
All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. (16) The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it.
Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children. They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat: mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages. (17) The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After eight minutes they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious”, “just OK” or “disgusting”. The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after eight weeks.
Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. (18) After the trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.
18. What does the result of this research show?
解析：录音最后的实验结果表明，原来不喜欢胡萝卜的孩子可以通过不同措施变得喜欢胡萝卜，故B选项为正确答案。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Space exploration has serious consequences.
B、India has many space exploration programs.
C、There is quite a lot to learn about the moon.
D、A lot of garbage has been left on the moon.
解析：
(19) One thing about the moon many people don’t know is that it has a lot of garbage on its surface, leftover from human space exploration. But how much garbage exactly have humans left on the moon? It’s hard to be accurate, but the trash likely weighs more than 181,000 kilograms on Earth. Much of it was left by American astronauts, who landed on the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972 during NASA’s Apollo Missions. The other rubbish comes from missions that did not have human crews. These missions were conducted by various space exploring agencies, including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India and Europe. Many of the older pieces are equipment sent to learn about the moon. The equipment stayed there after its mission ended. The moon is also home to lunar orbiters that mapped the moon before they crashed into its surface, adding to the garbage heap. The objects left by the Apollo astronauts included the equipment that was no longer needed. (20) Bringing back unneeded equipment would have used up precious resources such as fuel. But, as the saying goes, “one person’s trash is another’s treasure”, (21) researchers can study the garbage left on the moon to see how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space overtime. Moreover, some of the objects on the moon are still being used, including a laser-range reflector left by the Apollo 11 crew.
19. What does the passage say maybe unknown to many people?
解析：录音开头指出，很多人不知道月球表面有很多垃圾。D选项中A lot of garbage为原词复现，为正确答案。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is costly to bring back.
B、It is risky to destroy.
C、It is of no use on Earth.
D、It is damaged by radiation.
解析：
(19) One thing about the moon many people don’t know is that it has a lot of garbage on its surface, leftover from human space exploration. But how much garbage exactly have humans left on the moon? It’s hard to be accurate, but the trash likely weighs more than 181,000 kilograms on Earth. Much of it was left by American astronauts, who landed on the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972 during NASA’s Apollo Missions. The other rubbish comes from missions that did not have human crews. These missions were conducted by various space exploring agencies, including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India and Europe. Many of the older pieces are equipment sent to learn about the moon. The equipment stayed there after its mission ended. The moon is also home to lunar orbiters that mapped the moon before they crashed into its surface, adding to the garbage heap. The objects left by the Apollo astronauts included the equipment that was no longer needed. (20) Bringing back unneeded equipment would have used up precious resources such as fuel. But, as the saying goes, “one person’s trash is another’s treasure”, (21) researchers can study the garbage left on the moon to see how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space overtime. Moreover, some of the objects on the moon are still being used, including a laser-range reflector left by the Apollo 11 crew.
20. Why has a lot of equipment being left on the moon?
解析：录音后半部分指出，带回不需要的设备会消耗宝贵的资源，例如燃料。也就是说，带回它们的成本很高，故A选项为正确答案。C选项为强干扰项，录音中提到这些设备是无用的，但并未说明在地球上没有用处，故C选项错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Record details of space exploration.
B、Monitor the change of lunar weather.
C、Study the effect of radiation and vacuum on its materials.
D、Explore the possibility of human settlement on the moon.
解析：
(19) One thing about the moon many people don’t know is that it has a lot of garbage on its surface, leftover from human space exploration. But how much garbage exactly have humans left on the moon? It’s hard to be accurate, but the trash likely weighs more than 181,000 kilograms on Earth. Much of it was left by American astronauts, who landed on the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972 during NASA’s Apollo Missions. The other rubbish comes from missions that did not have human crews. These missions were conducted by various space exploring agencies, including those from the US, Russia, Japan, India and Europe. Many of the older pieces are equipment sent to learn about the moon. The equipment stayed there after its mission ended. The moon is also home to lunar orbiters that mapped the moon before they crashed into its surface, adding to the garbage heap. The objects left by the Apollo astronauts included the equipment that was no longer needed. (20) Bringing back unneeded equipment would have used up precious resources such as fuel. But, as the saying goes, “one person’s trash is another’s treasure”, (21) researchers can study the garbage left on the moon to see how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space overtime. Moreover, some of the objects on the moon are still being used, including a laser-range reflector left by the Apollo 11 crew.
21. What can researchers do with the garbage on the moon?
解析：录音最后指出，研究人员可以研究留在月球上的垃圾，看看其材料是如何经受住长时间太空辐射和真空的。C选项是对原文信息的同义转述，故为正确答案。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is likely to remain a means of business communication.
B、It is likely to be a competitor of various messaging apps.
C、It will gradually be replaced by social media.
D、It will have to be governed by specific rules.
解析：
In my line of work, I receive a lot of e-mails. I also send a lot of e-mails. Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from e-mail as a form of communication, (22) e-mail is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future. Surprisingly, though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for e-mailing. As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my own rules for e-mailing.
(23) If someone sends you an e-mail, reply to them, acknowledging the email. A simple “thank you” lets the sender know that their e-mail has arrived safely, that it has not been lost among what could be fifty other emails that have arrived in your e-mail inbox that day. (24) It is not necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients. These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action. (23) But it’s common politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it.
It’s also important to use proper English. Just because e-mails are a quick form of communication doesn’t mean e-mails, especially business e-mails, should be written using informal, shortened forms of words. Think of e-mail as a letter. Spelling, grammar and punctuation should not be overlooked. (25) And never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an e-mail. It’s the same as yelling.
22. What does the passage say about e-mail?
解析：录音开头指出，邮件在未来的商务交流中可能仍将扮演重要的角色，故A选项为正确答案。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Save the message in their file.
B、Make a timely response.
C、Examine the information carefully.
D、See if any action needs to be taken.
解析：
In my line of work, I receive a lot of e-mails. I also send a lot of e-mails. Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from e-mail as a form of communication, (22) e-mail is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future. Surprisingly, though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for e-mailing. As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my own rules for e-mailing.
(23) If someone sends you an e-mail, reply to them, acknowledging the email. A simple “thank you” lets the sender know that their e-mail has arrived safely, that it has not been lost among what could be fifty other emails that have arrived in your e-mail inbox that day. (24) It is not necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients. These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action. (23) But it’s common politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it.
It’s also important to use proper English. Just because e-mails are a quick form of communication doesn’t mean e-mails, especially business e-mails, should be written using informal, shortened forms of words. Think of e-mail as a letter. Spelling, grammar and punctuation should not be overlooked. (25) And never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an e-mail. It’s the same as yelling.
23. What should one do upon receiving personalized e-mail?
解析：录音中间指出，收到电子邮件要回复、确认邮件，并且后面的录音也指出，收到私人信息后回复是基本礼貌，且最好在24小时内回复，故B选项为正确答案。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is to be passed on.
B、It is mostly junk.
C、It requires no reply.
D、It causes no concern.
解析：
In my line of work, I receive a lot of e-mails. I also send a lot of e-mails. Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from e-mail as a form of communication, (22) e-mail is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future. Surprisingly, though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for e-mailing. As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my own rules for e-mailing.
(23) If someone sends you an e-mail, reply to them, acknowledging the email. A simple “thank you” lets the sender know that their e-mail has arrived safely, that it has not been lost among what could be fifty other emails that have arrived in your e-mail inbox that day. (24) It is not necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients. These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action. (23) But it’s common politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it.
It’s also important to use proper English. Just because e-mails are a quick form of communication doesn’t mean e-mails, especially business e-mails, should be written using informal, shortened forms of words. Think of e-mail as a letter. Spelling, grammar and punctuation should not be overlooked. (25) And never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an e-mail. It’s the same as yelling.
24. What does the passage say about a mass e-mail?
解析：录音中间部分指出，群发邮件通常是通知性的，而不是需要回复的私人邮件，可知群发邮件是不需要回复的，故C选项为正确答案。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Make it as short as possible.
B、Use simple and clear language.
C、Adopt an informal style of writing.
D、Avoid using capitals for emphasis.
解析：
In my line of work, I receive a lot of e-mails. I also send a lot of e-mails. Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from e-mail as a form of communication, (22) e-mail is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future. Surprisingly, though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for e-mailing. As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my own rules for e-mailing.
(23) If someone sends you an e-mail, reply to them, acknowledging the email. A simple “thank you” lets the sender know that their e-mail has arrived safely, that it has not been lost among what could be fifty other emails that have arrived in your e-mail inbox that day. (24) It is not necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients. These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action. (23) But it’s common politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it.
It’s also important to use proper English. Just because e-mails are a quick form of communication doesn’t mean e-mails, especially business e-mails, should be written using informal, shortened forms of words. Think of e-mail as a letter. Spelling, grammar and punctuation should not be overlooked. (25) And never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an e-mail. It’s the same as yelling.
25. What should one do when writing a business e-mail?
解析：录音最后指出，在商务邮件中，不要使用大写字母来强调一个或多个词，故D选项为正确答案。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague? Delivered a (26)_____ to a subordinate（下属）with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for (27)_____ and productivity—and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best— (28)_____ when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient? We’ve (29)_____ business communication consultants and etiquette（礼仪）experts to come up with the following guidelines for (30)_____ using the alternative ways of delivering difficult messages.
First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most (31)_____. Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most (32)_____ is email. Some of these may change order according to the (33)_____ situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice-mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My (34)_____ concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message?” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a handwritten note next. Apologizing by email is something I now totally (35)_____.
26、(1)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：
名词：
convenience 方便，便利设施； escape 逃离，逃避； intimate 知己，密友，至交； reward 回报；报酬；奖赏；
warning 警告，警示；告诫
动词：
avoid 避免，避开；escape 逃走，避免，泄露；intimate 暗示，提示；prompt 促使，激励，推动；reward 报答，奖赏；surveyed (-ed) 调查，测量，勘测；warning (-ing) 警告；提醒； witnessed (-ed) 见证，目睹
形容词：
intimate 亲近的，密切的；primary 首要的，主要的；prompt 迅速的；立刻的；silent 安静的；无声的；specific 具体的，特定的；unfriendly 不友好的
副词：
effectively 有效地，实际上；particularly 尤其，特别
26. warning
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的a可知，空格处应填入可数名词单数。根据首段第一句中的apologize（道歉）和倒数第二句when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient（特别是要传递的消息对收件人来说是坏消息或不受欢迎的消息时）可知，空格处应指不太好的消息，故warning（警告，警示；告诫）符合题意。
27. convenience
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格后的and productivity可知，空格处应填入与productivity相对应的名词。根据句意可知，如今，各种通讯工具触手可及，它们带来____、高效的同时，也带来了麻烦。空格处应填入与“高效”意思相近的词汇，备选项中只有convenience（方便）符合题意。
28. particularly
解析：副词辨析题。空格后为when引导的状语从句，空格处应填入副词修饰该状语从句。根据句意可知，现在有很多交流的方式，____是要传递的消息对收件人来说是坏消息或不受欢迎的消息时，管理者该如何选择最佳的方式呢？空格处应填入表示强调某种情况的词汇，备选项中只有particularly（尤其，特别）符合题意。
29. surveyed
解析：动词辨析题。根据空格前的We’ve可知，空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。句意为：我们已经____了很多商务沟通顾问和礼仪方面的专家，让他们提出一些参考建议，能运用替代方式来传达不受欢迎的消息。 surveyed（调查）代入空格符合题意。
30. effectively
解析：副词辨析题。句子不缺少主干成分，故空处考虑填入副词。备选项中 effectively（有效地）代入空格则意为，能有效地运用替代方式来传达有困难的消息，符合题意，故正确。
31. intimate
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的the most最高级可知，空格处应填入形容词，构成形容词最高级。根据前后句意可知，首先，选择你想要的亲密程度。面对面交流是最____的。其他选择按亲密程度降序排列，依次为：实时电话、语音邮件、手写便条、打印信件。根据常识可知，面对面交流是几种列举的方式中亲密度最高的， intimate（亲密的）符合题意。
32. unfriendly
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前后的the most和is可知，空格处应填入形容词，构成最高级。句意为：其他选择按亲密程度降序排列，依次为：实时电话、语音邮件、手写便条、打印信件，其中最____的方式是电子邮件。按照降序排列，写邮件排在最后面，由此可知，邮件是最不亲近的交流方式，故 unfriendly（不友好的，不友善的；冷漠的）符合题意。
33. specific
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的the和其后的situation可判断空格处应填入形容词，修饰situation。根据下文的例子，手写便条可能比语音邮件更加亲密。而按照上文的亲密程度排列，手写便条的亲密程度在语音邮件之后，由此可知，交流方式可能会根据特定的情况和自身的偏好而改变。因此空格处应填入specific（特定的）。
34. primary
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的My和后面的concern可知，空格处应填入修饰concern的形容词。下文提到礼仪专家黛娜·卡斯博森的道歉方式首先选择亲自道歉，其次是电话沟通，最后是手写便条。由此可知，黛娜·卡斯博森首要考虑的是如何让信息变得委婉、文明。primary（首要的，主要的）代入原文，符合题意。
35. avoid
解析：动词辨析题。空格处为定语从句中的谓语，主语为I，空格处应填入动词的原形。根据上文可知，礼仪专家黛娜·卡斯博森首先考虑的是如何让信息变得委婉、文明。在道歉时，她通常会选择亲自道歉，或者把电话沟通当作的首选，其次会选择手写便条，并且____写邮件道歉。上文提到最不亲近的方式是电子邮件，由此可知，礼仪专家黛娜·卡斯博森会避免写邮件道歉。选项avoid（避免）符合文意。
27、(2)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、primary
B、specific
C、avoid
D、reward
E、particularly
F、surveyed
G、intimate
H、silent
I、escape
J、effectively
K、unfriendly
L、prompt
M、convenience
N、witnessed
O、warning
解析：见上一题！
How a Poor, Abandoned Parisian Boy Became a Top Chef?
【A】The busy streets in Paris were uneven and caked in thick mud, but there was always a breathtaking sight to see in the shop windows of Patisserie de la Rue de la Paix. By 1814, people crowded outside the bakery, straining for a glimpse of the latest sweet food created by the young chef who worked inside.
【B】 His name was Marie-Antoine Carême, and he had appeared, one day, almost out of nowhere. But in his short lifetime, which ended exactly 184 years ago today, he would forever revolutionize French gourmet food（美食）, write best-selling cook books and think up magical dishes for royals and other important people.
【C】Carême’s childhood was one part tragedy, equal part mystery. Born the 16th child to poor parents in Paris in either 1783 or 1784, a young Carême was suddenly abandoned at the height of the French Revolution. At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in Paris in exchange for room and board. By age 15, he had become an apprentice（学徒）to Sylvain Bailly, a well-known dessert chef with a successful bakery in one of Paris’s most fashionable neighborhoods.
【D】Carême was quick at learning in the kitchen. Bailly encouraged his young apprentice to learn to read and write. Carême would often spend his free afternoons at the nearby National Library reading books on art and architecture. In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.
【E】In his teenage years, Carême fashioned eatable copies of the late 18th century’s most famous buildings—cookies in the shape of ruins of ancient Athens and pies in the shape of ancient Chinese palaces and temples. Sylvain Bailly, his master, displayed these luxuriant creations— often as large as 4 feet tall—in his bakery windows.
【F】 Carême creations soon captured the discriminating eye of a French diplomat, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord. Around 1804, Talleyrand challenged Carême to produce a full menu for his personal castle, instructing the young baker to use local, seasonal fruits and vegetables and to avoid repeating main dishes over the course of an entire year. The experiment was a grand success and Talleyrand’s association with French nobility would prove a profitable connection for Carême.
【G】 French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was known to be unimpressed by the declining taste of early 18th century cooking, but under pressure to entertain Paris’ high society, he too called Carême to his kitchen at Tuileries Palace. In 1810, Carême designed the extraordinary cake for the wedding of Napoleon and his second bride, Marie-Louise of Austria. He became one of the first modern chefs to focus on the appearance of his table, not just the flavor of his dishes. “I want order and taste. A well-displayed meal is enhanced one hundred percent in my eyes,” he later wrote in one of his cook books.
【H】In 1816, Carême began a culinary（烹饪的）journey which would forever mark his place as history’s first top chef. He voyaged to England to cook in the modern Great Kitchen of the prince regent（摄政王）, George IV, and crossed continents to prepare grand banquets for the tables of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Never afraid to talk up his own accomplishments, a boastful Carême made a fortune as wealthy families with social ambitions invited him to their kitchens. Later, in his cook books, he would often include a sketch of himself, so that people on the street would be able to recognize—and admire—him.
【I】Carême’s cooking displays became the symbol of fine French dining; they were plentiful, beautiful and imposing. Guests would fall silent in wonder as servants carried Carême’s fancy creations into the dining hall. For a banquet celebrating the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia’s visit to George IV’s Brighton Pavillion on Jan. 18, 1817, the menu featured 120 different dishes, highlighting eight different soups, 40 main courses, and 32 desserts.
【J】As he traveled through the homes of early 19th century nobility, Carême forged the new art of French gourmet food. Locked in hot kitchens, Carême created his four “mother sauces.” These sauces—béchamel, velouté, espagnole and allemande—formed the central building blocks for many French main courses. He also perfected the soufflé—a baked egg dish, and introduced the standard chef’s uniform—the same double-breasted white coat and tall white hat still worn by many chefs today. The white clothing conveyed an image of cleanliness, according to Carême—and in his realm, appearance was everything.
【K】Between meals, Carême wrote cook books that would be used in European kitchens for the next century. His manuals, including The Royal Parisian Baker and the massive five-volume Art of French Cooking Series (1833-1847, completed after his death) first systematized many basic principles of cooking, complete with drawings and step-by-step directions. Long before television cooking shows, Carême walked readers through common kitchen tasks, instructing them to “try this for yourself, at home” as famous American Chef Julia Child might do, many years later.
【L】In the end, however, it was the kitchen that did Carême in. Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh air (to ensure his dishes would not get cold) had fatally damaged his lungs. On Jan. 12, 1833, Carême died just before he turned 50.
【M】But in his lifetime, Carême, ever confident, could see beyond his short domination in the kitchen. He wanted to “set the standard for beauty in classical and modern cooking, and prove to the distant future that the French chefs of the 19th century were the most famous in the world,” as he wrote in his papers.
【N】Decades later, Auguste Escoffier would build upon Carême’s concept of French cuisine（烹饪）. But in the very beginning, there was just Carême, the top chef who elevated dining into art.
36、Carême was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
解析：36. 卡莱姆是最早同时关注菜肴美观和味道的厨师之一。
