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编辑人: 青衫烟雨

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2018年6月第1套英语四级真题答案及解析

一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、 A)The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter. 

B、 B) A New Hampshire man’s joke with friends on his wife. 

C、C)A father’s message for his daughter.

D、D)The history of a century-old motel.

解析:

(1)A message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1,500 miles away and has been returned to his daughter. The long lost message was discovered by Clint Buffington of Utah while he was vacationing. Buffington says he found a soda bottle half-buried in the sand that looked like it had been there since the beginning of time. The note inside the bottle said, “Return to 419 Ocean Street and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina Pierce, owners of the Beachcomber motel.” The motel was owned by the parents of Paula Pierce in 1960. Her father had written the note as a joke and had thrown it into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New Hampshire to deliver the message to Paula Pierce. (2)She held up to her father’s promise giving Buffington that reward, but the biggest reward is the message in a bottle finding its way back home. 

1. What is the news report mainly about?

解析:A。根据录音开头可知,一位新罕布什尔州男子五十多年前扔到海里的瓶子里的信息,在1500英里外被发现并已归还给女儿。因此选择A项。

2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、A)She wanted to show gratitude for his kindness.

B、 B)She wanted to honor her father’s promise.

C、C)She had been asked by her father to do so. 

D、D)She was excited to see her father’s handwriting. 

解析:

(1)A message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1,500 miles away and has been returned to his daughter. The long lost message was discovered by Clint Buffington of Utah while he was vacationing. Buffington says he found a soda bottle half-buried in the sand that looked like it had been there since the beginning of time. The note inside the bottle said, “Return to 419 Ocean Street and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina Pierce, owners of the Beachcomber motel.” The motel was owned by the parents of Paula Pierce in 1960. Her father had written the note as a joke and had thrown it into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New Hampshire to deliver the message to Paula Pierce. (2)She held up to her father’s promise giving Buffington that reward, but the biggest reward is the message in a bottle finding its way back home. 

2. Why did Paula Pierce give Clint Buffinton the reward?

解析:B。根据新闻结尾可知,Paula Pierce此举是为了信守父亲许下的承诺。B项中的 honor her father’s promise是对原文中held up to her father’s promise的同义转述。

3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、A)People were concerned about the number of bees.

B、B)Several cases of Zika disease had been identified.

C、C)Two million bees were infected with disease.

D、D)Zika virus had destroyed some bee farms.

解析:

        Millions of bees have died in South Carolina during aerial insects spraying operations that were carried out to combat the Zika virus. (3)The insects spraying over the weekend left more than 2 million bees dead on the spot in Dorchester County, South Carolina, where four travel-related cases of Zika disease have been confirmed in the area. Most of the death came from Flowertown Bee Farm, a company in Summerville that sells bees and honey products. Juanita Stanley, who owns the company, said the farm “looks like it's been destroyed.” (4)The farm lost about 2.5 million bees. Dorchester County officials apologized for the accidental mass killing of bees. “Dorchester County is aware that some beekeepers in the area that was sprayed on Sunday lost their bee colonies,” County manager Jason Ward said in a statement. “I am not pleased that so many bees were killed.”

3. Why were spraying operations carried out in Dorchester County?

解析:B。根据原文可知,进行喷洒是为了应对寨卡病毒,随后提到Dorchester County已经确诊了4起与旅行有关的寨卡病毒案例。由此可知,在该县的喷洒行动,是因为有确诊病例。

4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、 A)It apologized to its customers.

B、B)It was forced to kill its bees.

C、 C)It lost a huge stock of bees.

D、D)It lost 2.5 million dollars.

解析:

      Millions of bees have died in South Carolina during aerial insects spraying operations that were carried out to combat the Zika virus. (3)The insects spraying over the weekend left more than 2 million bees dead on the spot in Dorchester County, South Carolina, where four travel-related cases of Zika disease have been confirmed in the area. Most of the death came from Flowertown Bee Farm, a company in Summerville that sells bees and honey products. Juanita Stanley, who owns the company, said the farm “looks like it's been destroyed.” (4)The farm lost about 2.5 million bees. Dorchester County officials apologized for the accidental mass killing of bees. “Dorchester County is aware that some beekeepers in the area that was sprayed on Sunday lost their bee colonies,” County manager Jason Ward said in a statement. “I am not pleased that so many bees were killed.”

4. What does the news report say about Flowertown Bee Farm?

解析:C。根据原文可知,大部分的蜜蜂出自Flowertown养蜂场,该养蜂场损失了大约250万只蜜蜂,与C项相符,故正确。

5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、A)It stayed in the air for about two hours. 

B、 B)It took off and landed on a football field.

C、C) It proved to be of high commercial value.

D、D)It made a series of sharp turns in the sky. 

解析:

       The world’s largest aircraft has taken to the skies for the first time. (5)The Airlander 10 spent nearly two hours in the air, having taken off from Cardington Airfield in Bedfordshire. During its flight, it reached 3,000 feet and performed a series of gentle turns all over a safe area. The aircraft is massive—as long as a football field and as tall as six double decker buses and capable of flying for up to five days. (6) It was first developed for the US government as a long-range spy aircraft but was abandoned following budget cutbacks. (7)The aircraft cost 25 million pounds and can carry heavier loads than huge jet planes while also producing less noise and emitting less pollution. The makers believe it’s the future of aircraft, and one day we’ll be using them to go places. But there’s still a long way to go. The Airlander will need to have 200 hours’ flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration. If it passes though, we can hope we’ll all get some extra leg room. 

5. What do we learn about the first flight of the Airlander 10?

解析: A。根据文章开头可知,Airlander 10 在空中停留了近两个小时,与A项一致。

6、uestion 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、A)Engineering problems.

B、B)The air pollution it produced.

C、C)Inadequate funding. 

D、D)The opposition from the military.  

解析:

     The world’s largest aircraft has taken to the skies for the first time. (5)The Airlander 10 spent nearly two hours in the air, having taken off from Cardington Airfield in Bedfordshire. During its flight, it reached 3,000 feet and performed a series of gentle turns all over a safe area. The aircraft is massive—as long as a football field and as tall as six double decker buses and capable of flying for up to five days. (6) It was first developed for the US government as a long-range spy aircraft but was abandoned following budget cutbacks. (7)The aircraft cost 25 million pounds and can carry heavier loads than huge jet planes while also producing less noise and emitting less pollution. The makers believe it’s the future of aircraft, and one day we’ll be using them to go places. But there’s still a long way to go. The Airlander will need to have 200 hours’ flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration. If it passes though, we can hope we’ll all get some extra leg room. 

6. What caused the US government to abandon the Airlander 10 as a spy aircraft?

解析:C。根据新闻中段可知, Airlander 10最初是为美国政府研发的远程间谍机,但是预算消减后就被放弃了。因此C项为正确答案。

7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、A)It uses the latest aviation technology.

B、B)It flies faster than a commercial jet. 

C、C)It is a safer means of transportation. 

D、D)It is more environmentally friendly. 

解析:

      The world’s largest aircraft has taken to the skies for the first time. (5)The Airlander 10 spent nearly two hours in the air, having taken off from Cardington Airfield in Bedfordshire. During its flight, it reached 3,000 feet and performed a series of gentle turns all over a safe area. The aircraft is massive—as long as a football field and as tall as six double decker buses and capable of flying for up to five days. (6) It was first developed for the US government as a long-range spy aircraft but was abandoned following budget cutbacks. (7)The aircraft cost 25 million pounds and can carry heavier loads than huge jet planes while also producing less noise and emitting less pollution. The makers believe it’s the future of aircraft, and one day we’ll be using them to go places. But there’s still a long way to go. The Airlander will need to have 200 hours’ flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration. If it passes though, we can hope we’ll all get some extra leg room. 

7. What is the advantage of the Airlander 10 over huge jet planes?

解析:D。根据文章可知,Airlander 10与大型喷气式飞机相比更能承重、产生的噪音更少、污染更少。D项是对后两种特点的改写。因此选择D项。

8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、It seems a depressing topic.

B、It sounds quite alarming. 

C、It has little impact on our daily life.

D、It is getting more serious these days.

解析:

M: Do you feel like going out tonight?

W: Yeah, why not? We haven't been out for ages. What's on?

M: Well. There is a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?

W: Oh, not really. It doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about, just climate change?

M: I think it is about how climate change affects everyday life. I wonder how they make it entertaining.

W: Well, it sounds really awful. It’s an important subject, I agree. (8)But I’m not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?

M: There is a Spanish dance festival.

W: Oh, I Iove dance. That sounds really interesting. 

M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper: Anna Gomez leads in an exciting production of the great Spanish love story— Carmen. 

W: OK. Then what time is it on?

M: At 7:30. 

W: Well, that’s no good. (9)We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?

M: There is a comedy special on.

W: Where is it on?

M: It's at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. (10)The critic in the local paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here: Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances. 

W: Um, I’m not keen on him. He is not very funny.

M: Are you sure you fancy going out tonight? You are not very enthusiastic. 

W: Perhaps you’re right. (11)OK, let’s go see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.

M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.

8. What does the woman think of climate change?

解析:A。根据开头部分可知,男士和女士介绍说有一部关于气候变化的电影,问女士的意见。女士明确表明对此不感兴趣并表明气候变化时很重要的话题,但是她目前没有心情做任何沮丧的事情。由此可以得出女士对气候变化的看法。因此选择A项。

9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、The man dosesn't understand Spanish. 

B、The woman doesn't really like dancing.

C、They don't want something too noisy.

D、They can't make it to the theater in time. 

解析:

M: Do you feel like going out tonight?

W: Yeah, why not? We haven't been out for ages. What's on?

M: Well. There is a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?

W: Oh, not really. It doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about, just climate change?

M: I think it is about how climate change affects everyday life. I wonder how they make it entertaining.

W: Well, it sounds really awful. It’s an important subject, I agree. (8)But I’m not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?

M: There is a Spanish dance festival.

W: Oh, I Iove dance. That sounds really interesting. 

M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper: Anna Gomez leads in an exciting production of the great Spanish love story— Carmen.

 W: OK. Then what time is it on?

M: At 7:30. 

W: Well, that’s no good. (9)We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?

M: There is a comedy special on.

W: Where is it on?

M: It's at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. (10)The critic in the local paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here: Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances. 

W: Um, I’m not keen on him. He is not very funny.

M: Are you sure you fancy going out tonight? You are not very enthusiastic. 

W: Perhaps you’re right. (11)OK, let’s go see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.

​​​​​​​M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.

9. Why do the speaker give up going to the Spannish dance festival tonight?

解析:D。根据录音可知,在得知舞蹈节在7:30开始后,女士说他们没有时间赶到那里,只能考虑其他活动。因此D项符合题意。

10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、It would be more fun without Mr. Whitehead hosting.

B、It has too many acts to hold the audience's attention.

C、It is the most amusing show he has ever watched. 

D、It is a show inappropriate for a night of charity. 

解析:

M: Do you feel like going out tonight?

W: Yeah, why not? We haven't been out for ages. What's on?

M: Well. There is a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?

W: Oh, not really. It doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about, just climate change?

M: I think it is about how climate change affects everyday life. I wonder how they make it entertaining.

W: Well, it sounds really awful. It’s an important subject, I agree. (8)But I’m not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?

M: There is a Spanish dance festival.

W: Oh, I Iove dance. That sounds really interesting. 

M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper: Anna Gomez leads in an exciting production of the great Spanish love story— Carmen. 

W: OK. Then what time is it on?

M: At 7:30.

 W: Well, that’s no good. (9)We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?

M: There is a comedy special on.

W: Where is it on?

M: It's at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. (10)The critic in the local paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here: Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances. 

W: Um, I’m not keen on him. He is not very funny.

M: Are you sure you fancy going out tonight? You are not very enthusiastic. 

W: Perhaps you’re right. (11)OK, let’s go see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.

M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.

10. Why does the critic say about the comedy performed at the city theater?

解析:C。根据原文可知,当地报纸的评论家表示,那是他看过的最有趣的喜剧。与C项一致,故正确。

11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Watch a comedy.

B、Go and see the dance. 

C、Book the tickets online. 

D、See a film with the man. 

解析:

M: Do you feel like going out tonight?

W: Yeah, why not? We haven't been out for ages. What's on?

M: Well. There is a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?

W: Oh, not really. It doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about, just climate change?

M: I think it is about how climate change affects everyday life. I wonder how they make it entertaining.

W: Well, it sounds really awful. It’s an important subject, I agree. (8)But I’m not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?

M: There is a Spanish dance festival.

W: Oh, I Iove dance. That sounds really interesting. 

M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper: Anna Gomez leads in an exciting production of the great Spanish love story— Carmen. 

W: OK. Then what time is it on?

M: At 7:30.

 W: Well, that’s no good. (9)We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?

M: There is a comedy special on.

W: Where is it on?

M: It's at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. (10)The critic in the local paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here: Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances. 

W: Um, I’m not keen on him. He is not very funny.

M: Are you sure you fancy going out tonight? You are not very enthusiastic. 

W: Perhaps you’re right. (11)OK, let’s go see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.

M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.

11. What does the woman decide to do tomorrow?

解析:B。根据原文可知,男士指出你不是对今晚的外出不感兴趣,于是提议明晚去看舞蹈表演。因此B项正确。

12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Most of her schoolmates are younger than she is. 

B、She simply has no idea what school to tranfer to. 

C、There are too many activities for her to cope with.

D、She worries she won't fit in as a transfer student. 

解析:

W: Good morning, Mr. Lee. May I have a minute of your time?

M: Sure, Catherine. What can I do for you?

W:(12) I’m quite anxious about transferring over to your college. I’m afraid I won’t fit in.

M: Don’t worry, Catherine. It's completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools. This happens to many transfer students.

W: Yes, I know. But I’m younger than most of the students in my year and that worries me a lot.

M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year. But you know, (13)we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in. And so, this way, you'll be able to meet new friends of different age groups. 

W: That’s nice. I love games and hobby groups.

M: I’m sure you do. So you’ll be just fine. Don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here. Also, (14)remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.

W: Thanks so much. I definitely feel better now. As a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who’d be living in the same house with me. And she seems really nice. I guess living on campus I’ll have a chance to have a close circle of friends since we’ll be living together.

M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who'd be living with you in your flat. OK, there are Hanna, Kelly and Bree. (15)Bree is also a new student here like you. I’m sure you two will have more to share with each other.

12. Why does Catherine feel anxious?

解析:D。本题目为细节题。根据原文可知,女士对于转到男士所在的学校感到焦虑,担心自己不能适应。因此选择D项。

13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Seek advice from senior students.

B、Pick up some meaningful hobbies.

C、Participate in after-school activities.

D、Look into what the school offers. 

解析:

W: Good morning, Mr. Lee. May I have a minute of your time?

M: Sure, Catherine. What can I do for you?

W:(12) I’m quite anxious about transferring over to your college. I’m afraid I won’t fit in.

M: Don’t worry, Catherine. It's completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools. This happens to many transfer students.

W: Yes, I know. But I’m younger than most of the students in my year and that worries me a lot.

M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year. But you know, (13)we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in. And so, this way, you'll be able to meet new friends of different age groups. 

W: That’s nice. I love games and hobby groups.

M: I’m sure you do. So you’ll be just fine. Don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here. Also, (14)remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.

W: Thanks so much. I definitely feel better now. As a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who’d be living in the same house with me. And she seems really nice. I guess living on campus I’ll have a chance to have a close circle of friends since we’ll be living together.

M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who'd be living with you in your flat. OK, there are Hanna, Kelly and Bree. (15)Bree is also a new student here like you. I’m sure you two will have more to share with each other.

13. What does Mr. Lee encourage Catherine to do?

解析:C。根据录音可知,Mr. Lee指出学校有很多课外活动可以参加,通过参加课外活动,Catherine能结交不同年龄的朋友,因此C项正确。

14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、Give her help whenever she needs it. 

B、Accept her as a transfer student. 

C、Find her accommodation on campus. 

D、Introduce her to her roommates. 

解析:

W: Good morning, Mr. Lee. May I have a minute of your time?

M: Sure, Catherine. What can I do for you?

W:(12) I’m quite anxious about transferring over to your college. I’m afraid I won’t fit in.

M: Don’t worry, Catherine. It's completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools. This happens to many transfer students.

W: Yes, I know. But I’m younger than most of the students in my year and that worries me a lot.

M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year. But you know, (13)we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in. And so, this way, you'll be able to meet new friends of different age groups. 

W: That’s nice. I love games and hobby groups.

M: I’m sure you do. So you’ll be just fine. Don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here. Also, (14)remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.

W: Thanks so much. I definitely feel better now. As a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who’d be living in the same house with me. And she seems really nice. I guess living on campus I’ll have a chance to have a close circle of friends since we’ll be living together.

M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who'd be living with you in your flat. OK, there are Hanna, Kelly and Bree. (15)Bree is also a new student here like you. I’m sure you two will have more to share with each other.

14.  What does Mr. Lee promise to do for Catherine?

解析:A。本题目为细节题。根据对话可知,Mr. Lee告诉Catherine,如果需要帮忙,随时都可以去找他。A项正确。

15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、She has interests similar to Mr. Lee's.

B、She has become friends with Catherine. 

C、She has chosen the major Catherine has. 

D、She has just transferred to the college. 

解析:

W: Good morning, Mr. Lee. May I have a minute of your time?

M: Sure, Catherine. What can I do for you?

W:(12) I’m quite anxious about transferring over to your college. I’m afraid I won’t fit in.

M: Don’t worry, Catherine. It's completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools. This happens to many transfer students.

W: Yes, I know. But I’m younger than most of the students in my year and that worries me a lot.

M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year. But you know, (13)we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in. And so, this way, you'll be able to meet new friends of different age groups. 

W: That’s nice. I love games and hobby groups.

M: I’m sure you do. So you’ll be just fine. Don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here. Also, (14)remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.

W: Thanks so much. I definitely feel better now. As a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who’d be living in the same house with me. And she seems really nice. I guess living on campus I’ll have a chance to have a close circle of friends since we’ll be living together.

M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who'd be living with you in your flat. OK, there are Hanna, Kelly and Bree. (15)Bree is also a new student here like you. I’m sure you two will have more to share with each other.

15.  What do we learn about Catherine's schoolmate Bree?

解析:D。根据对话可知,Bree和Catherine一样,也是刚转过来的学生。与D项表达一致,故正确。

16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)To investigate how being overweight impacts on health. 

B、B)To find out which physical drive is the most powerful.

C、C)To discover what most mice like to eat. 

D、D)To determine what feeling mice have. 

解析:

       Have you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger? A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force.    

     (16) In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs. To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food, the researchers found. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the study.     

      In the second experiment meant to pit the mice’s hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer (in other words, not like an animal that could eat them) but also had food. It turned out that, (17)when the mice hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered “safe”.       

     Hunger also outweighed the mice’s social needs, the researchers found. (18)Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice, according to the study. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to go get food.

16. What is teh researchers' purpise in carring out the series of experiments with mice?

解析:B。本题目为细节题。根据原文可知,饥饿领先于其他生理需求,包括恐惧、口渴和社交等。为了研究哪种感觉会胜出,研究人员作出了一系列实验。因此选择B项。

17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard

A、A)When they are hungry. 

B、B)When they are thirsty. 

C、C)When they smell food. 

D、D)When they want company.

解析:

       Have you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger? A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force.    

     (16) In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs. To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food, the researchers found. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the study.     

       In the second experiment meant to pit the mice’s hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer (in other words, not like an animal that could eat them) but also had food. It turned out that, (17)when the mice hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered “safe”.     

       Hunger also outweighed the mice’s social needs, the researchers found. (18)Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice, according to the study. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to go get food.

17. In what circumstances do mice venture into unsafe areas?

解析:A。本题目为细节题。根据原文可知,当老鼠饥饿时,它们会冒险进入不安全的领域去寻找食物,因此A项与录音内容相符,故正确。

18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)They search for food in groups. 

B、 B)They are overweight when food is plenty.

C、C)They prefer to be with other mice.

D、D)They enjoy the company of other animals.

解析:

       Have you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger? A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force.    

      (16) In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs. To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food, the researchers found. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the study.     

        In the second experiment meant to pit the mice’s hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer (in other words, not like an animal that could eat them) but also had food. It turned out that, (17)when the mice hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered “safe”.     

        Hunger also outweighed the mice’s social needs, the researchers found. (18)Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice, according to the study. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to go get food.

18. What is said about mice at the end of the passage?

解析:C。根据原文可知,老鼠是群居动物,喜欢和其他老鼠一起。因此C项正确。

19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、 A)Its construction started before World War I.

B、 B)Its construction cost more than $40 billion. 

C、C)It is efficiency used for transport. 

D、 D)It is one of the best in the world.

解析:

   (19)The United States has one of the best highway systems in the world. Interstate Highways connect just about every large and midsized city in the country.

      Did you ever wonder why such a complete system of excellent roads exists. For an answer, you would have to go back to the early 1920s.(19)/(20) In those years, just after World War I, the military wanted to build an American highway system for national defense. Such a system could, if necessary, move troops quickly from one area to another. It could also get people out of cities in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of national importance were designated but they were mostly small country roads.

      In 1944, Congress passed a bill to upgrade the system but did not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s, the plan began to become a reality. Over 25 billion dollars was appropriated by Congress and construction began on about 40,000 miles of new roads. The idea was to connect the new system to existing expressways and freeways. And though the system was built mostly to make car travel easier, defense was not forgotten. For instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough to allow trailers carrying military missiles to pass under them. (21)By 1974, the system was mostly completed. A few additional roads would come later. Quick and easy travel between all parts of the country was now possible.

19. What does the speaker say about the American highway system?

解析:D。根据文章可知,美国拥有世界上最好的公路系统之一,与D项一致,故选择D项。

20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)To improve transportation in the countryside. 

B、B)To move troops quickly from place to place.

C、C)To enable people to travel at a higher speed. 

D、 D)To speed up the transportation of goods. 

解析:

    (19)The United States has one of the best highway systems in the world. Interstate Highways connect just about every large and midsized city in the country.

      Did you ever wonder why such a complete system of excellent roads exists. For an answer, you would have to go back to the early 1920s.(19)/(20) In those years, just after World War I, the military wanted to build an American highway system for national defense. Such a system could, if necessary, move troops quickly from one area to another. It could also get people out of cities in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of national importance were designated but they were mostly small country roads.

    In 1944, Congress passed a bill to upgrade the system but did not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s, the plan began to become a reality. Over 25 billion dollars was appropriated by Congress and construction began on about 40,000 miles of new roads. The idea was to connect the new system to existing expressways and freeways. And though the system was built mostly to make car travel easier, defense was not forgotten. For instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough to allow trailers carrying military missiles to pass under them. (21)By 1974, the system was mostly completed. A few additional roads would come later. Quick and easy travel between all parts of the country was now possible.

20. What was the original purpose of building a highway system?

解析:B。根据录音可知,军方想修建公路系统用于国防,在必要时,公路系统会迅速将部队从一个地方转移到另外一个地方,因此B项符合题意。

21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard

A、In the 1970s.

B、In the 1960s. 

C、In the 1950s. 

D、In the 1940s. 

解析:

   (19)The United States has one of the best highway systems in the world. Interstate Highways connect just about every large and midsized city in the country.

      Did you ever wonder why such a complete system of excellent roads exists. For an answer, you would have to go back to the early 1920s.(19)/(20) In those years, just after World War I, the military wanted to build an American highway system for national defense. Such a system could, if necessary, move troops quickly from one area to another. It could also get people out of cities in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of national importance were designated but they were mostly small country roads.

     In 1944, Congress passed a bill to upgrade the system but did not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s, the plan began to become a reality. Over 25 billion dollars was appropriated by Congress and construction began on about 40,000 miles of new roads. The idea was to connect the new system to existing expressways and freeways. And though the system was built mostly to make car travel easier, defense was not forgotten. For instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough to allow trailers carrying military missiles to pass under them. (21)By 1974, the system was mostly completed. A few additional roads would come later. Quick and easy travel between all parts of the country was now possible.

21. When was the Interstate Highway System mostly completed?

解析:A。本题目为细节题。根据文章结尾可知,截止到1974年,该系统基本完工。因此选择A项。

22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)Chatting while driving.

B、B)Messaging while driving. 

C、C)Driving under age. 

D、D)Speeding on highways. 

解析:

     (22)Texting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. 

      This sounds like a widespread decease—but it’s one that technology may now help to cure. T.J. Everts, a 20-year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice. 

     (23)It’s called Smart Wheel, and it is designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. (24)Everts’ invention warns the drivers with a light and a sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only. But as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what’s called “close-by hands” where both hands are close to near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time.

      (25)All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app, so any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’ driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that’s reported as well. 

22. What is a major cause of road deaths among young Amercans?

解析:B。根据原文可知,边开车边发短信是美国年轻人交通事故死亡的主要原因,因此选择B项。

23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)A gadget to hold a phone on the steering wheel. 

B、B)A gadget to charge the phone in a car. 

C、C)A device to control the speed of a vehicle. 

D、 D)A device to ensure people drive with both hands. 

解析:

     (22)Texting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger.

       This sounds like a widespread decease—but it’s one that technology may now help to cure. T.J. Everts, a 20-year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice. 

     (23)It’s called Smart Wheel, and it is designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. (24)Everts’ invention warns the drivers with a light and a sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only. But as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what’s called “close-by hands” where both hands are close to near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time.

      (25)All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app, so any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’ driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that’s reported as well. 

23. What is Smart Wheel?

解析:D。根据录音可知,Smart Wheel是一种设计适用于大部分标准交通工具方向盘的装置,目的是追踪司机在行车过程中是否一直把手放在方向盘上。D项正确。

24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)The car keeps flashing its headlights. 

B、B)The car slows down gradually to a halt. 

C、 C)They  are alerted with a light and a sound. 

D、D)They get a warning on their smart phone. 

解析:

      (22)Texting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. 

       This sounds like a widespread decease—but it’s one that technology may now help to cure. T.J. Everts, a 20-year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice. 

      (23)It’s called Smart Wheel, and it is designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. (24)Everts’ invention warns the drivers with a light and a sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only. But as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what’s called “close-by hands” where both hands are close to near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time.

     (25)All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app, so any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’ driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that’s reported as well. 

24. What happened if the driver has one hand on the wheel?

解析:C。本题目为细节题。根据原文可知,当司机只有一只手在方向盘上时,装置会亮灯并发出警报声提醒司机。与C项相符。

25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、A)Installing a camera. 

B、B)Using a connected app. 

C、C)Checking their emails. 

D、 D)Keeping a daily record. 

解析:

     (22)Texting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. 

      This sounds like a widespread decease—but it’s one that technology may now help to cure. T.J. Everts, a 20-year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice.

      (23)It’s called Smart Wheel, and it is designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. (24)Everts’ invention warns the drivers with a light and a sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only. But as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what’s called “close-by hands” where both hands are close to near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time.

     (25)All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app, so any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’ driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that’s reported as well. 

25. How do parents keep track of their teens' driving habits?

解析:B。本题目为细节题。根据原文可知,Smart Wheel收集的数据会发送到一个相连接的应用程序上,因此安装Smart Wheel的父母能追踪青少年子女的驾驶习惯。故选择B项。

二、Part III Reading Comprehension

An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first (26)_____ in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was (27)_____ . During this renovation the building’s owner, CIS,   (28)_____   the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe’s largest (29)_____of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large (30)_____has never been repeated since.

      Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the “10 best green energy projects”. For a long time after this renovation project it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was   (31)_____  overtaken by the Millbank Tower.

      Green buildings like this aren’t   (32)_____  cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy   (33)_____   through fossil fuels. As solar panels get   (34)_____  , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn’t a race of   (35)_____  , but rather one to collect the most solar energy. 

26、(1)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:

名词:

collection采集,收集; dimension维度,方面;height高度,顶点;production产品,生产; range一系列,幅度;scale规模,等级,刻度

动词:

competed竞争,比赛;constructed建造,构思; consulted咨询,商议;discovered    发现;range变动,涉及;scale攀登,翻越;undertaken承担,着手做

形容词:

cheaper更便宜的; cleaner更干净的

副词:

 eventually最终;necessarily必然地

26. constructed

解析:动词辨析题。空格前为副词first“最初”和系动词was,因此空格处可填入实义动词,构成被动语态。再根据空格后的时间状语in1962以及后半句的内容可知,本句描述的是大厦刚建造时的样子。 constructed意为“建造”,与was构成被动语态,符合文意,故选E项。

27. undertaken

解析:动词辨析题。空格前为系动词was,until引导的时间状语从句的主语是 renovation“整修”,可知空格处应填入形容词或动词的过去分词构成被动语态。再结合下文内容:他们一致赞同用太阳能电池板对大厦进行全覆盖可知,此处说的是对大厦进行整修。undertaken“着手做”符合要求,故选O项。

28. consulted

解析:动词辨析题。空格前后都为名词,由此可知句子缺少谓语,故空格处需填入动词,时态应为一般过去时。由关键词 During this renovation和They agreed to cover可推测,整修并安装太阳能电池板需要找相关公司商议或咨询, consulted符合文意,故选F项。

29. collection

解析:名词辨析题。空格前为形容词最高级 largest,空格后为介词of,因此空格处应填入名词。结合下文 on such a large____has never been repeated since可知,本句讲的是CIS大厦垂直太阳能电池板的数量之多。名词 collection指 a group of things“一堆,一群(东西)”,填入后意为“最大的垂直太阳能电池板集群”,符合文意。故选C项。

30. scale

解析:名词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词a和形容词 large,故空格处需填入名词;on such a large作后置定语修饰 vertical solar project,填入空格处的名词应能与介词on搭配。on such a large scale意为“如此大的规模”,故选N项。

31. eventually

解析:副词辨析题。空格前后的 was overtaken构成被动语态“被超越”,空格处可填入副词修饰动词。句意为:CIS大厦最后被米尔班克大厦超越, eventually符合此处语义,故选I项。

32.  necessarily

解析:副词辨析题。空格前为系动词 aren't,空格后为形容词 cost-efficient“合算的”,因此空格处可填入副词修饰形容词cost-efficient。根据句意:对投资商来说,这种绿色建筑并不合算,但确实能减少污染。因此选择K项。

33. production

解析:名词辨析题。空格前的that指代 pollution,此处比较了矿物燃料与绿色建筑产生的污染。 by energy指出污染的来源,结合介词短语 through fossil fuels“通过矿物燃料”,可推知使用矿物燃料是为了生产能源,production“生产,制造”可与 energy搭配,意为“能源生产”,符合语义,故选L项。

34. cheaper

解析:形容词辨析题,空格前为系动词get“变得”,空格处可填人形容词。作者此处在谈论成本代价,而非太阳能是否“更清洁的”,故排除 cleaner,选A项。

35. height

解析:名词辨析题。空格前为 a race of“关于……的竞赛”,空格处应填入名词。空格后的 but rather 表明前后是对比关系,后面比较的是哪座高楼大厦采集的太阳能最多,由空格前面的关键词 tallest可知,前面比较的是“高度”,故选 height“高度”。

27、(2)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

28、(3)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

29、(4)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

30、(5)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

31、(6)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

32、(7)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

33、(8)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

34、(9)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

35、(10)

A、cheaper

B、eventually

C、range

D、production

E、constructed

F、height

G、necessarily

H、scale

I、competed

J、undertaken

K、consulted

L、cleaner

M、discovered

N、collection

O、dimension

解析:见上一题!

                         Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework

【A】Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that’s replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.

【B】 The codes—which typically range in price from $80 to $155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.


【C】 But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos(观念)of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of. While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.


【D】"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly(垄断), a new way to lock students around this system, ” said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U. S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. “Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $120,” said Senack. "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out.”


【E】 Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework. She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their grades. But the code to access the program cost $120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching. 


【F】She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. “It's a balancing act," she said. "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn’t hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.


【G】 The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future. McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. The company said that 45% of its $140 million revenue in 2015 “was derived from digital products.”


【H】A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment” that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn’t respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that “in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now over.”


【I】 The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. “These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features,” David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. “It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments.”


【J】David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access codes. But he doesn’t require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own curriculum. “The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students most.”


【K】 A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $500-$600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn’t require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in homework. This year she said she spent $900 on access codes to books and programs. "That’s two months of rent,” she said. “You can’t sell any of it back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $30-$50 and that helps to pay for your new semesters books. With an access code, you're out of that money.”


【L】Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that “it’s ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our homework.” Many of the access codes he’s purchased have been required simply to complete homework or quizzes. “Often it’s only 10% of your grade in class,” he said. “You’re paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn’t have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a B or C.” Wolverton said he spent $500 on access codes for digital books and programs this semester.


【M】Harper, a poultry(家禽)science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $120 and $85.


【N】 She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high prices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy,” she said. “If you miss it, you just miss it. I just got zeros on a couple of first assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun.”

36、 A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:36. [K] 【译文】学生一年在访问码上的花费可能相当于他们两个月的房租。

解析:根据 yearly expenses和 rent for two months定位至K段。该段提到一名女学生为购买教科书和学习程序的访问码一共花费了900美元,相当于她两个月的房租。题目中的yearly expenses与原文中 This year...she spent意思一致,故现在K项。

37. [D] 【译文】也许可以将在线访问码看作将学生套牢在数字系统上的把戏。

解析:根据 seen as a way和 tie the students to定位至D段第1句。根据伊桑·塞内克的说法,他们将访问码视作另一种教科书垄断形式,是一个用系统套牢学生的新把戏。其中 tie the students to the digital system是对原文 lock students around this system的同义转换。故选择D项。

38.[M]【译文】如果学生重修一门课程,他们也许要重新购买访问码来提交作业。

解析:根据 takes a course again和 buy a new access code可定位至M段。该句提到,哈珀今年要重修化学,需要买一个新的访问码来提交作业。由此可知,其他重修的学生也可能需要重新购买访问码来提交作业。submit their assignments是对原文 hand in her homework的同义替换。故选择M项。

39. [G]【译文】麦格劳·希尔公司掌握着超过五分之一的大学教材市场份额。   

 解析:根据 McGraw Hill和 accounts for over one-fifth可定位至G段第2句。该句前半部分提到,麦格劳·希尔公司掌控着21%的高等教育市场份额。题目的 accounts for是对原文 controls的同义替换,over one-fifth和 the market share of college textbooks分别对应原文中的21%和 the higher education market对应。故选择G项。

40. [B] 【译文】当许多传统教材印刷商开始提供在线数字产品,他们相信数字产品将是出版业的未来。     

解析:根据 textbook publishers, offering online digital products和 the future of the publishing business定位至B段最后一句。该句指出,这些公司是长期以来赚取巨额利润的教科书出版商,他们计划推出新的在线产品,并夸口说这些产品将代表教科书行业的未来。因此选择B项。

41. [L] 【译文】有一位学生抱怨他们现在除了要交高额的学费之外,还得买访问码。

解析:根据 pay for access codes和 in addition to the high tuition可定位至L段第1句。该句提到一位学生说,在交了好几万美元学费之后,还得买访问码才能做作业,这种情况很可笑。题干中 complained对应原文中的 ridiculous,  in addition to the high tuition是对原文 after paying tens of thousands in tuition的同义替换。故选择L项。

42. [H] 【译文】根据一位出版商的说法,学生只需要花不到传统印刷教材一半的价钱,就能买到数字教材。       

解析:根据 cost students less than half和 traditional printed books可定位至H段第2句。该句提到, Pearson集团补充道,与传统印刷式教科书相比,数字教材可为学生节约高达60%的花费。因此H项符合题意。

43. [F] 【译文】有一位学生决定拿到兼职工资之后再购买访问码。

解析:根据 until she received the pay for可定位至F段。该句提到一位学生决定等下一次的勤工助学工资发下来后再买访问码。题干中的 decide not to buy...until是对原文的 decide to wait...to pay for同义替换。因此选择F项。

44. [J] 【译文】在线系统可能会剥夺老师充分发挥专业知识使学生受益的机会。

解析:根据deprive teachers of opportunities和 expertise可定位至J段。主要介绍了一位副教授对 online systems的看法。这位副教授认为,在线系统使他感觉失去控制力;只有通过讨论,他的专业知识才最能使学生获益。由此可知,用在线系统提交作业意味着剥夺老师充分发挥专业知识使学生受益的机会。因此选择J项。

45. [C] 【译文】数字访问码因其与教科书行业一样都受利益驱使而受到抨击。

解析:根据 criticized和 profit-driven just like the textbook business可定位至C段第1句。该句提到,批评人士称,这些数字访问码体现了与教科书行业相同的逐利观。题干中的 are profit-riven是对原文profit-seeking 的同义转换。因此选择C项。

37、The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

38、If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their assignments.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

39、McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college textbooks.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

40、Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing business.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

41、One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high tuition.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

42、Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a publisher.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

43、One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

44、Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their students.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

45、Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

L、L

M、M

N、N

解析:见上一题!

         For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.       

         Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand thematerial, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.   

        But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.             Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questionscompel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.     

         Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feelupset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment. 

46、What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?   

A、A)Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.

B、B)Better learners will become better teachers. 

C、C)Human intelligence tends to grow with age. 

D、D)Philosophical thinking improves instruction.

解析:

A)Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.

解析:A。根据第二段首句可知,研究人员已发现,那些报名担任助教的学生会更努力理解材料,也能更准确地回忆材料,并能更有效地学以致用。由此可见,教授别人是可以促进学习的,这与罗马哲学家塞内卡的学说 While we teach, we learn一致,因此选择A项。文章强调的时教授他人学习对自身的促进作用,因此B项表述错误;C项是对原文的曲解;D项在文章中未提及。

47、What do we learn about Betty’s Brain?

A、A)It is a character in a popular animation. 

B、B)It is a teaching tool under development.

C、C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.

D、D)It is a tutor for computer science students.

解析:

B)It is a teaching tool under development.

解析:B。根据文章可知,正在开发的最尖端工具是“机器人学生”。再根据下文可知,计算机科学家创造了 Betty's Brain这个动画人物,由此可知,它是正在开发的尖端工具,因此选择B项。A、C项在文中未提及,故排除;D项,根据原文可知Betty’s Brain是被教授的对象,并非D项所述,故排除D项。

48、 How does teaching others benefit student tutors?      

A、A)It makes them aware of what they are strong at.

B、B)It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.

C、C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

D、D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.

解析:

C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.

解析:C。根据第三段最后两句话提到,在备课时,他们理清知识并提升自己的理解。当他们向它讲解时,就会发现自己想法中存在的间题。C项是对此处的概括总结,故为答案。根据文章可知,讲解时,他们会发现自己想法中存在的问题,因此A项错误;B项,根据原文可知,机器人学生的问题会迫使学生助教采用不同的方法解释材料,但并不等同于采取了新的教学方法,因此表述错误。D项在文章中未提及,故排除。

49、What do students do to teach their teachable agents?

A、A)They motivate them to think independently. 

B、B)They ask them to design their own questions. 

C、C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback. 

D、D)They use various ways to explain the materials. 

解析:

D)They use various ways to explain the materials. 

解析:D。根据文章第四段可知,这些“机器人”的问题迫使学生助教思考,并用不同的方式解释材料,D项中的 various ways是对原文 in different ways的同义改写,故为正确。A、C项在文章中未提及,故排除;B项与原文表述不符,故错误。

50、What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning?

A、A)Their sense of responsibility. 

B、B)Their emotional involvement. 

C、C)The learning strategy acquired. 

D、D)The teaching experience gained. 

解析:

B)Their emotional involvement. 

解析:B。根据最后一段可知,通过强调句型说明正是在教学中感受到的情感促进了学习,B项为原文 the emotions one experiences的同义改写,故为答案。原文并未提到“责任感”、“学习策略”以及“教学经验”,故排除A、C和D项。

        A new batch of young women—members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的) generation—has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they are better educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been—or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe that women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it’s easier for men to get top executive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, it will be even harder for them to advance in their careers.     

       While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with 57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.     

         As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about work as their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they place relatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they’re not interested in becoming a boss or top manager, only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is even wider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that go with work and motherhood.     

        These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2,002 adults, including 810 Millennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recent decades, young women view this as a man’s world—just as middle-aged and older women do.

51、What do we learn from the first paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?

A、A)They can get ahead only by striving harder.

B、B)They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.

C、C)They are generally quite optimistic about their future.

D、D)They are better educated than their male counterparts. 

解析:

D)They are better educated than their male counterparts. 

解析:D。根据题干中的 starting their careers对应第一段中的 At the starting line of their careers,or后对比了千禧一代男女性的差别。D项表述正确,故为答案。A项,根据文章可知,女性有孩子之后,在职场上取得进步会更难,因此A项错误;B项在文章中未提及,故排除;C项与文章意思不符,因此错误。

52、How do most Millennial woman feel about their treatment in the workplace?

A、A)They are the target of discrimination. 

B、B)They find it satisfactory on the whole. 

C、C)They think it needs further improving. 

D、D)They find their complaints ignored.

解析:

C)They think it needs further improving. 

解析:C。题干中的 most Millennial women与第二段中的 Among Millennial women,75%...对应。根据文章可知,在千禧一代的女性中,75%的人表示国家需要继续变革以实现职场的性别平等,C项中的needs further improving是第二段中needs to continue making changes的同义表达,故选C。根据第二段最后一句可知,只有15%的年轻女性表示自己在职场中受到性别歧视,由此可见,大部分千禧一代女性并不认为自己受到歧视,故排除A项。根据第二段可知,75%的女性认为国家需要继续变革以实现职场的性别平等,可见她们对现状并不满意,因此B项错误。D项在文章中未提及,故排除。

53、What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?

A、A)A sense of accomplishment. 

B、B)Job stability and flexibility. 

C、C)Rewards and promotions.

D、D)Joy derived from work. 

解析:

B)Job stability and flexibility. 

解析:B。根据第三段第一句可知,千禧一代的女性成熟后,她们中很多有关职场的观点和价值取向与同龄男性一致。再根据下文可知,她们希望得到安稳、灵活的工作。因此B项正确。原文并未提到“成就感”和“来自工作的喜悦”,可首先排除A、D。根据第三段第二句可知,她们不看重高薪,故排除C项。

54、What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?

A、A)The welfare of their children.

B、B)The narrowing of the gender gap.

C、C)The fulfillment of their dreams in life. 

D、D)The balance between work and family. 

解析:

D)The balance between work and family. 

解析:D。根据第三段最后一句可知,三四十岁的职场中人在这个问题上的性别分歧更大再根据后文的work and motherhood可知,三四十岁的职场女性面临工作与为人母的平衡。因此D项符合题意。A、C在文章中未提及。B项表述错误,故排除。

55、What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?

A、A)They still view this world as one dominted by males.

B、B)They account for half the workforce in the job market.

C、C)They see the world differently from older generations.

D、D)They do better in work than their male counterparts.

解析:

A)They still view this world as one dominted by males.

解析:A。根据最后一段首句可知,2013年的调查的基本情况,再根据该段的第二句可知,调查的结论:尽管近几十年间女性在受教育水平和劳动参与方面取得了显著的进步,但年轻女性与中老年女性持相同观点,都认为这个世界由男性主导”。A项与此相符,故为答案。B、C项表述错误,故排除。文章并未对比男女性在职场中的表现,故排除D项。

三、Part IV Translation

56、公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来,由于私家车数量的不断增多,城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行,一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新,车速也有了显著提高。然而,公共车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在,在大多数城市,许多当地的老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。

参考答案:

The bus has once been a major means of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, the traffic in cities gets more and more serious due to the increasing number of private cars. Many cities are struggling to improve the quality of bus service in order to encourage more citizens to take buses. With the continuous innovation of vehicle facilities, the speed is increased dramatically as well. However, the bus ticket is still fairly cheap. Nowadays, many local old people are allowed to take buses freely in most cities.

解析:

词汇难点

1. 私家车:private cars

2. 车辆的设施:vehicle facilities

表达难点

1. 第二句中,“由于……不断增多”既可用作主语the constant growth of the private cars makes...,也可以将这一原因后置,用due to引导,即due to the increasing number of private cars。 

2. 第四句中,可将前后两个句子用and连接,也可以用高级一点的表达方式:With the continuous innovation of vehicle facilities, the speed is increased dramatically as well.

四、Part I Writing

57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

参考答案:

参考范文

As the most efficient and direct way to obtain knowledge and information,reading is a very essential skill for our English learners. However, we usually pay little attention to it. It is imperative for us to change this thought and here are some tips to improve our reading ability.

First and foremost, it is important for us to memorize words, because words are the basis of reading. Secondly, we should set a timeline when we read a book. Thus,we will read a book more effectively. Thirdly, after reading, we can try to write some reviews. In this way, we can reflect the book and improve our reading skills.

All in all, though it is not easy to have a great ability in reading in one go, we must keep on practising. As long as we follow the good ways and have strong minds,we can do that and thus be an excellent English learner.

参考译文

作为最有效和直接获取知识和信息的方式,阅读对于我们英语学习者来说是一项非常重要的技能。然而,我们常常忽视它。我们很有必要改变这一想法,下面是提高阅读能力的一些技巧。

首先,记单词很重要,因为单词是阅读的基础。其次,我们读书时应该制定一个时间表。这样我们就能更有效地读完一本书了。最后,读完书之后,我们可以试着写一下评论。在写的过程中,我们会回顾这本书,提高我们的阅读技巧。

总之,虽然阅读能力的提高不能立竿见影,但是我们必须坚持读下去。只有我们遵循好的方法和拥有清晰的思维,我们就能提高阅读能力,成为一个优秀的英语学习者。

解析:

写作指南

从题目所给内容可以看出,这次四级考试的作文属于论述类文章,要求就阅读能力的重要性以及如何提高阅读能力展开论述。考生可以通过举例来论证自己的观点。在写作时需注意文章的逻辑严谨性以及用语准确性。

文章大纲

第一段:引出话题,说明阅读能力的重要性。

第二段:举例说明阅读能力的重要性,并给出提高阅读能力的方法。

第三段:简要总结,再次强调阅读能力的重要性。

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本文链接:2018年6月第1套英语四级真题答案及解析

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