一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Her friend Erika.
B、Her little brother.
C、Her grandfather.
D、Her grandmother.
解析：
听力原文：
(1) A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment.
"I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.
(2) That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by, helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!”
1. Who did Addison raise money for?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为：Addison为谁募捐？根据原文“A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July.”，可知Addison是在为她的弟弟（her little brother）募捐，B选项与原文信息一致，根据视听一致原则，为正确答案。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、By taking pictures for passers-by.
B、By working part time at a hospital.
C、By selling lemonade and pictures.
D、By asking for help on social media.
解析：
听力原文：
(1) A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment.
"I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.
(2) That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by, helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!”
2. How did Addison raise money?
解析：C。本题为细节题。问题为：Addison是怎么募捐的？根据原文“That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. ”，可知Addison和她的朋友Erika以及Emily Borden决定以每杯50美分的价格出售柠檬水以及每幅25美分的价格卖画。该句关键点在sell lemonade、sell pictures，正确选项C) By selling lemonade and pictures（通过卖柠檬水和画）与之相一致。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.
B、Generating electric power for passing vehicles.
C、Providing clean energy to five million people.
D、Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.
解析：
听力原文：
(3) Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.
Called “the Wattway” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install.
France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. (4) However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.
3. What was France’s purpose of constructing the Wattway?
解析：C。本题为细节题。问题为：法国建造瓦特路的目的是什么？根据原文“Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.”，可知上周法国宣布未来五年内将在621英里的道路上铺设太阳能板，目的在于为五百万人提供价格低廉、可再生的能源。选项C)Providing clean energy to five million people与原文相一致，可再生能源属于清洁能源。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.
B、They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
C、They are only about half an inch thick.
D、They are made from cheap materials.
解析：
听力原文：
(3) Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.
Called “the Wattway” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install.
France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. (4) However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.
4. What is special about the solar panels used in the Wattway?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为：瓦特路所使用的太阳能板有何特殊之处？根据原文“However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.”，可知这是首次太阳能板被直接铺设在现有道路之上，也是在公路上安装太阳能板的首个工程。选项B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways与原文一致，其中right是对原文中directly的同义替换。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Endless fighting in the region.
B、The hazards from the desert.
C、 Inadequate funding for research.
D、The lack of clues about species.
解析：
听力原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. (5) Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult.
(6) But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “lost lions”.
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. (7) The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.
5. What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts in Sudan and Ethiopia?
解析：A。本题为细节题。问题为：是什么使得在苏丹和埃塞俄比亚偏远地区调查狮子很困难？根据原文“Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult.”，可知该地区的持续战争造成调查困难。选项A) Endless fighting in the region与原文一致，其中endless是对原文中continuous的同义替换。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.
B、To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.
C、To study the habitat of the lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.
D、To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.
解析：
听力原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. (5) Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult.
(6) But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “lost lions”.
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. (7) The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.
6. What was the main purpose of the research?
解析：D。本题为细节题。问题为：研究的主要目的是什么？根据原文“But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “lost lions”.”，可知科学家在周一发布了报告，记录了发现“失踪的狮子”的铁证。该句关键词在于evidence、the discovery of “lost lions”，选项D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”（为了找出“失踪的狮子”存在的证据）与之相一致。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Lions walking.
B、Lions’ tracks.
C、Some camping facilities.
D、Traps set by local hunters.
解析：
听力原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. (5) Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult.
(6) But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of “lost lions”.
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. (7) The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.
7. What did the researchers find in the National Park?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为：研究人员在国家公园发现了什么？根据原文“The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.”，可知研究人员架设了六处相机陷阱，用来捕捉狮子图像，并发现了狮子踪迹。选线B) Lions’ tracks 与原文一致，其他选项干扰性较弱，题目简单。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Her ‘lucky birthday’.
B、A call from her dad.
C、Her wedding anniversary.
D、A special gift from the man.
解析：
听力原文：
M: (8) I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: (8) Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: (8) David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: (8) Oh…yeah that’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I’ve actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. (8) A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. (9) Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s got in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you’d like to share? (10) I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we’re going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he’s been having even more fun keeping the secret from me the past few weeks.
M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! (11)I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.
8. What is the woman looking forward to?
解析：A。本题为细节题。问题为：女士在期待什么？出题点位置在对话的前三个回合。根据原文“M: I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Are you? W: Yes, I am. How did you know? M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up. W: Oh…yeah that’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.”，女士很期待月底的到来，因为是她的特殊生日——golden birthday。之后女士对golden birthday进行介绍时指出“A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date.”，golden birthday或者lucky birthday指的是年龄和出生日期一致时的生日。选项A) Her ‘lucky birthday’ 为正确答案。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Gave her a big model plane.
B、Bought her a gold necklace.
C、Took her on a trip overseas.
D、Threw her a surprise party.
解析：
听力原文：
M: (8) I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: (8) Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: (8) David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: (8) Oh…yeah that’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I’ve actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. (8) A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. (9) Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s got in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you’d like to share? (10) I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we’re going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he’s been having even more fun keeping the secret from me the past few weeks.
M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! (11)I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.
9. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?
解析：D。本题为细节题。问题为：女士的父母在她妹妹生日时做了什么？出题点位置在对话的中间位置。根据原文“Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.”，可见女士的父母为她妹妹举办了惊喜派对。选项D) Threw her a surprise party与对话内容完全一致。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、The gift her husband has bought.
B、The trip her husband has planned.
C、What has been troubling her husband.
D、What her husband and the man are up to.
解析：
听力原文：
M: (8) I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: (8) Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: (8) David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: (8) Oh…yeah that’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I’ve actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. (8) A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. (9) Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s got in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you’d like to share? (10) I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we’re going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he’s been having even more fun keeping the secret from me the past few weeks.
M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! (11)I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.
10. What is the woman eager to find out about?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为：女士急于知道什么？出题点在对话靠后位置。根据原文“I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we’re going.”，可见女士非常想知道她丈夫计划两人去哪儿旅行。选项B) The trip her husband has planned.与原文信息一致。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.
B、He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.
C、He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.
D、He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.
解析：
听力原文：
M: (8) I bet you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: (8) Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: (8) David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: (8) Oh…yeah that’s right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I’ve actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. (8) A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. (9) Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s got in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you’d like to share? (10) I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we’re going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he’s been having even more fun keeping the secret from me the past few weeks.
M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! (11)I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.
11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
解析：C。本题为细节题。问题为：男士在对话最后说了什么？出题点在对话最后。根据原文“I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.”，可知男士等不及女士夫妇旅行回来再听旅行细节了。也就是说他急于知道这对夫妇的假期过得如何。选项C) He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.与原文信息一致。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
B、They see the importance of making compromises.
C、They know when to adopt a tough attitude.
D、They take the rival’s attitude into account.
解析：
听力原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. (12) They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. (13) They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. (14) Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. (15) Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
12. What does the man say about good negotiators?
解析：A。本题为细节题。问题为：男士说了关于好的谈判者的什么？出题点位置在对话的第一个回合。根据原文“They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation.”，可见好的谈判者对于谈判的动态很敏感。选项A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.与原文完全一致。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They know how to adapt.
B、They know when to stop.
C、They know when to make compromises.
D、They know how to control their emotion.
解析：
听力原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. (12) They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. (13) They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. (14) Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. (15) Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
13. What does the man say may be the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为：男士说对于成功的谈判者而言，最重要的东西是什么？出题点位置依然在对话第一回合。根据原文“They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.”，可知成功的谈判者会营造自信的形象，最重要的是，他们知道什么时候停下。选项B) They know when to stop.与原文完全一致。
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are patient.
B、They are good at expression.
C、They learn quickly.
D、They uphold their principles.
解析：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. (12) They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. (13) They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. (14) Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. (15) Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
解析： C。本题为细节题。问题为：好的谈判者和差的谈判者的区别是什么？出题点位置在对话第二回合。根据原文“Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.”，可知好的谈判者学习很快，差的谈判者保持不变并继续输掉谈判。选项C) They learn quickly.与原文相符，其中quickly是对原文中fast的同义替换。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Make clear one’s intentions.
B、Clarify items of negotiation.
C、Formulate one’s strategy.
D、Get to know the other side.
解析：
听力原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator?
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. (12) They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. (13) They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. (14) Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. (15) Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
15. What is the first stage of negotiation according to the man?
解析：D。本题为细节题。问题为：根据男士所说，谈判的第一阶段是什么？根据原文“Get to know the other side.”，可见谈判第一步是了解对方。选项D) Get to know the other side.与原文完全一致。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard
A、When America’s earliest space program started.
B、When the International Space Station was built.
C、How many space shuttle missions there will be.
D、How space research benefits people on Earth.
解析：
听力原文：
Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. (16) They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called “spin-off technology”. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, (17) scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. (18) For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts’ use in space. The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.
16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?
解析：D。本题为细节题。问题为：关于太空探索，一些人想了解什么？根据原文“They want to know how space research helps people on Earth.”，可见一些人想知道探空研究是如何帮助地球上的人的。选项D) How space research benefits people on Earth.与原文相符，其中benefits是对原文中helps的同义替换。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.
B、They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
C、They tried to meet astronauts’ specific requirements.
D、They tried to make best use of the latest technology.
解析：
听力原文：
Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. (16) They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called “spin-off technology”. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, (17) scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. (18) For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts’ use in space. The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.
17. What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
解析：B。本题为细节题。问题为： 科学家们为航天飞行任务做了什么？根据原文“scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space.”，可见科学家们为宇航员开发了在月球和太空中使用的物品。选项B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.与原文相符，其中in outer space是对on the moon and in space的概括。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are extremely accurate.
B、They are expensive to make.
C、They were first made in space.
D、They were invented in the 1970s.
解析：
听力原文：
Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. (16) They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called “spin-off technology”. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, (17) scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. (18) For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts’ use in space. The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.
18. What does the speaker say about Quartz crystal clocks and watches?
解析：A。本题为细节题。问题为：作者关于石英钟和石英表说了什么？根据原文“For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year.”，可知石英钟和石英表精确度达到每年误差不超过1分钟。选项A) They are extremely accurate.与原文相符。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was when her ancestors came to America.
B、People had plenty of land to cultivate then.
C、It marked the beginning of something new.
D、Everything was natural and genuine then.
解析：
听力原文：
Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New England, where one of my ancestors lived, (19) because it was the beginning of something.
By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher, traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New York wasn’t that far away. I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, (20) but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness in community and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing that may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world. But I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world. (21) And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.
19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
解析：C。本题为细节题。问题为：为什么作者说她想要回到过去，生活在18世纪的美国？根据原文“because it was the beginning of something.”，可见原因在于那是新事物的开端。选项C) It marked the beginning of something new.与原文信息一致。虽然录音中提到ancestor，但原文中说的是“我的祖先之一曾今住过那里”，选项A) It was when her ancestors came to America.（那是她祖先来到美国的时候）与原文不符。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They believed in working for goals.
B、They enjoyed living a life of ease.
C、They had all kinds of entertainment.
D、They were known to be creative.
解析：
听力原文：
Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New England, where one of my ancestors lived, (19) because it was the beginning of something.
By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher, traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New York wasn’t that far away. I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, (20) but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness in community and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing that may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world. But I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world. (21) And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.
20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
解析：A。本题为细节题。问题为：作者关于清教徒说了什么？根据原文“but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.”，可见清教徒信奉为目标努力。选项A) They believed working for goals.与原文完全一致。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Chatting with her ancestors.
B、Furnishing her country house.
C、Polishing all the silver work.
D、Doing needlework by the fire.
解析：
听力原文：
Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New England, where one of my ancestors lived, (19) because it was the beginning of something.
By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher, traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New York wasn’t that far away. I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, (20) but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness in community and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing that may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world. But I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world. (21) And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.
21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
解析：D。本题为细节题。问题为：如果说话人能回到过去，她想要做什么？根据原文“And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.”，可见说话人想要坐在火炉旁的小椅上做针线活。选项D) Doing needlework by the fire.与原文一致。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Use a map to identify your location.
B、Call your family or friends for help.
C、Sit down and try to calm yourself.
D、Try to follow your footprints back.
解析：
听力原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. (22) When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. (23) Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. (24) Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. (25) Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return. Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?
解析：C。本题为细节题。问题为：如果你在森林迷了路，作者建议你做的第一件事是什么？根据原文“When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control.”，当你认为自己迷了路时，坐在一根原木或者一块岩石上，或者靠在一棵树上，背诵曾经记忆过的东西，使头脑保持在可控的范围内。选项C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.（坐下并努力保持冷静）是对原文的概括总结。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、You may find a way out without your knowing it.
B、You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
C、You may get drowned in a sudden flood.
D、You may end up entering a wonderland.
解析：
听力原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. (22) When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. (23) Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. (24) Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. (25) Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return. Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?
答案: B。本题为细节题。问题为：如果你沿着森林中的未知溪流行走会发生什么？根据原文“Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards.”，可知尽管溪边有更多可食用的植物，那里可能也有野兽、毒蛇和其他危险。据此可推断溪边会有未知危险。选项B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.（可能会使自己置身于未知危险）与原文相符。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Look for food.
B、Wait patiently.
C、Start a fire.
D、Walk uphill.
解析：
听力原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. (22) When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. (23) Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. (24) Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. (25) Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return. Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you are lost in the woods?
答案：D。本题为细节题。问题为：很多专家认为如果你在森林里迷路，做什么最明智？根据原文“Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill.”，可见很多专家认为往山上走是最明智的。选项D) Walk uphill.与原文完全一致。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Inform somebody of your plan.
B、Prepare enough food and drink.
C、Check the local weather.
D、Find a map and a compass.
解析：
听力原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. (22) When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. (23) Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. (24) Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill. At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. (25) Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return. Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some (26)_____skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.
Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban (27)_____, but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the (28)_____ of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive (29)_____ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.
Rats are often (30)_____ with spreading disease rather than (31)_____ it, but this long-tailed animal is highly (32)_____. Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors（嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect (33)_____ smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to (34)_____ a sample is infected.
Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to (35)_____, but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate—the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.
26、(1)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：
名词：nuisance 令人讨厌的人或事；peak 顶峰； tip 小费，尖端
动词： associated (-ed) 联系； examine 检查； indicate 表明，暗示； peak 使达到顶点；preventing (-ing) 阻止，预防；prohibiting (-ing) 禁止； specify 明确要求； treated (-ed) 治疗，对待
形容词：associated 关联的；sensitive 敏感的，灵敏的；slight 轻微的，细微的；superior 优越的；suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的；visual 视觉的
26. superior
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是形容词some，空格后是名词skills，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有associated（关联的）、sensitive（敏感的，灵敏的）、slight（轻微的，细微的）、superior（优越的）、 suspicious（可疑的，怀疑的）、 visual（视觉的）。根据后面定语从句，这些本领有助于人类疾病的治疗，可知superior符合题意。
27. nuisance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词+形容词an urban，空格处应填入名词。备选项有nuisance（令人讨厌的人或事）、 peak（顶峰）、 tip（小费，尖端）。and前后语义一致，根据前面的dirty birds，可知此处应该填入带有相同感情色彩的词，故本空应填入 nuisance。
28. tip
解析：名词辨析题。空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，空格处应填入名词。备选项有peak（顶峰）、tip（小费，尖端）。根据语义，鸽子的大脑还没有你的食指尖大，故本空应填入tip。
29. visual
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是形容词impressive，空格后是名词memory，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有associated（关联的）、sensitive（敏感的，灵敏的）、slight（轻微的，细微的）、suspicious（可疑的，怀疑的）、 visual（视觉的）。下文指出，最近证实，经过训练，鸽子在检测乳腺癌影像方面可以做到像人类一样准确。可知，鸽子的视觉记忆很惊人，故本空应填入visual。
30. associated
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是系动词are，空格后是介词with，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有associated（关联的）、sensitive（敏感的，灵敏的）、slight（轻微的，细微的）、suspicious（可疑的，怀疑的）。根据搭配原则，应填入associated，表示“和……有关”。
31. preventing
解析：动词辩词题。空格前是介词than，空格后是代词it，空格处应填入动名词。备选项有preventing（阻止，预防）、prohibiting（禁止）。根据语义，老鼠经常和传播疾病有关，而不是预防疾病，故本空应填入preventing。
32. sensitive
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是副词highly，空格处应填入形容词并且做句子的表语成分。备选项有sensitive（敏感的，灵敏的）、slight（轻微的，细微的）、suspicious（可疑的，怀疑的）。下文指出，老鼠鼻内有多达1000种不同种类的嗅觉感受器。可知老鼠嗅觉灵敏，故填入sensitive。
33.slight
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是动词detect，空格后是名词smells，空格处应填入形容词。备选项有slight（轻微的，细微的）、suspicious（可疑的，怀疑的）。根据文意，老鼠鼻内有多达1000种不同种类的嗅觉感受器，因而可以检测到细微的气味，故填入slight。
34. indicate
解析：动词辨析题。空格前是不定式标志词to，空格后是完整句子，空格处应填入动词构成不定式。备选项有examine（检查）、indicate（表明，暗示）、peak（使达到顶点）、specify（明确要求）。根据语义，当老鼠检测到气味时，它们会停下来并磨蹭腿以表明该样品已被感染。故应该填入indicate。
35. examine
解析：动词辨析题。本句使用了固定结构take sb.+时间+不定式，空格处应该填入动词原形构成不定式。备选项有examine（检查）、peak（使达到顶点）、specify（明确要求）。根据语义，实验室技术员要花费超过两天时间来检验一百份样品，而老鼠只需要不到20分钟。故填入examine。
27、(2)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、sensitive
B、associated
C、examine
D、tip
E、treated
F、preventing
G、visual
H、prohibiting
I、superior
J、peak
K、specify
L、nuisance
M、suspicious
N、indicate
O、slight
解析：见上一题！
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?
Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
【A】 I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
【B】Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.
【C】 As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”
【D】 He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction to Congress”. Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
【E】Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-home exams. “Students risk health and well-being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”
【F】 Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.
【G】Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”
【H】 How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.
【I】 Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation(等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”
【J】 If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.
【K】 Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be a piece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.
36、36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
