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2016年12月第1套英语四级真题答案及解析

一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、To satisfy the curiosity of tourists.

B、To replace two old stone bridges. 

C、To enable tourists to visit Goat Island.

D、To improve utility services in the state.

解析:

News Report One

    New York State plans to shut off the thundering waters of Niagara Falls—again. At least, the American side of the falls. This “once in a lifetime” event actually may take place twice in some folks’ lives. 

    The New York State parks system wants to turn off the falls on the American side sometime in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow(1)pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island. The American side of the falls were shut off in 1969 to study the buildup of rock at the base of the falls. When that happened, people came from all over the world to see the falls turned off. 

    People are curious by nature. They want to see what’s underneath. (2)In fact, those who first came to have a look did see something. They found millions of coins on the bottom.


1.Why does New York State want to turn off Niagara Falls?

解析:B。 该题目为细节题。问题为:为什么纽约州想要关掉尼亚加拉瀑布?根据问题关键词“turn off the fall”定位原文。根据原文“The New York State parks system wants to turn off the falls on the American side sometime in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island”,纽约州立公园系统计划在未来两年到三年,关闭在美国一侧的尼亚加拉大瀑布,因为要更换两座有115年历史的石桥,这两座石桥之前是行人及车辆上岛的通道和停车场所。原文与选项B) To replace two old stone bridges,更换两座古老的石桥,表达一致。采用视听一致和选项关键词再现率原则,可以选出正确答案B。

2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、Countless tree limbs. 

B、A few skeletons. 

C、Lots of wrecked boats and ships.

D、Millions of coins on the bottom.

解析:

News Report One

    New York State plans to shut off the thundering waters of Niagara Falls—again. At least, the American side of the falls. This “once in a lifetime” event actually may take place twice in some folks’ lives. 

    The New York State parks system wants to turn off the falls on the American side sometime in the next two to three years to replace two 115-year-old stone bridges that allow(1)pedestrians, park vehicles and utilities access to Goat Island. The American side of the falls were shut off in 1969 to study the buildup of rock at the base of the falls. When that happened, people came from all over the world to see the falls turned off. 

    People are curious by nature. They want to see what’s underneath. (2)In fact, those who first came to have a look did see something. They found millions of coins on the bottom.


2. What did people find when Niagara Falls were shut off in 1969?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题为:1969年 尼亚加拉瀑布关闭时,人们有什么发现?出题点位置在报道尾端尾句。考点出自原文“They found millions of coins on the bottom”一句,他们发现瀑布底下有数百万枚硬币。选项D) Millions of coins on the bottom,其含义和形式与该内容完全一致。采用视听一致和选项关键词再现率原则,可以选出正确答案D。

3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya. 

B、It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately. 

C、It shut down two border crossings with Libya. 

D、It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.

解析:

News Report Two

    The Tunisian government said on Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya. 

    The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government(3)has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack. 

    The Tunisian military has sent reinforcements and helicopters to the area, and authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large. 

    The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya. Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year. 

    Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come(4)to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system on its border with Libya. 

    Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State.

3. What did the Tunisian government do after the gunmen’s attack?

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题为:枪击事件后,突尼斯政府采取了什么措施?根据问题关键字“Tunisian government”“attack”定位文章出处:The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack. 内政和国防部表示突尼斯政府已经关闭了邻近利比亚的两个过境处。选项C)It shut down two border crossings with Libya,与原文内容含义一致。选项中shut down和 close为同义替换,译为“关闭”。因此正确答案为C。

4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions. 

B、Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.

C、Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.

D、Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.

解析:

News Report Two

    The Tunisian government said on Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya. 

    The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government(3)has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack. 

    The Tunisian military has sent reinforcements and helicopters to the area, and authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large. 

    The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya. Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year. 

    Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come(4)to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system on its border with Libya. 

    Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State.

4. What were German and American security experts expected to do in Tunisia?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题是:德国和美国安全专家会在突尼斯采取什么行动?根据问题关键字“German and American security experts”定位文章出处:Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system on its border with Libya.德国和美国安全专家会来帮助突尼斯在其与利比亚的边境建立一个新的电子视频监控系统。选项D)Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya,与原文内容一致程度最高,其中monitoring 和 video-supervision system 都有监控的意思,两者为同义替换,monitoring是上位词。因此,此题目正确答案为D。

5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、An environment-friendly battery.

B、An energy-saving mobile phone.

C、A plant-powered mobile phone charger.

D、A device to help plants absorb sunlight.

解析:

News Report Three

    Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have(5)developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones. 

    The three engineering students(6)got the idea for the device while sitting in their school’s courtyard. Their invention is a small biological circuit they call E-Kaia. (7)It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis—a process of converting sunlight into energy.

     A plant uses only a small part of the energy produced by that process. The rest goes into the soil. E-Kaia collects that energy. The device plugs into the ground and then into a mobile phone. 

    The E-Kaia solved two problems for the engineering students. They needed an idea for a class project. They also needed an outlet to plug in their phones. 

    One of the student inventors, Camila Rupcich, says the device changes the energy released from the plant into low-level power to charge phones. 

    The E-Kaia is able to fully recharge a mobile phone in less than two hours.

5. What did the three university students invent? 

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题是:三名大学生发明了什么?原句出现在报道首句。根据问题关键词“ university students”定位文章出处:Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones. 三名智利圣地亚哥的大学生已经研发一种植物充电设备来为他们的手机充电。选项C)A plant-powered mobile phone charger,与原文信息一致。因此,此题目正确答案为C。

6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、While sitting in their schools courtyard.

B、While playing games on their phones. 

C、While solving a mathematical problem.

D、While doing a chemical experiment.

解析:

News Report Three

    Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have(5)developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones. 

    The three engineering students(6)got the idea for the device while sitting in their school’s courtyard. Their invention is a small biological circuit they call E-Kaia. (7)It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis—a process of converting sunlight into energy.

     A plant uses only a small part of the energy produced by that process. The rest goes into the soil. E-Kaia collects that energy. The device plugs into the ground and then into a mobile phone. 

    The E-Kaia solved two problems for the engineering students. They needed an idea for a class project. They also needed an outlet to plug in their phones. 

    One of the student inventors, Camila Rupcich, says the device changes the energy released from the plant into low-level power to charge phones. 

    The E-Kaia is able to fully recharge a mobile phone in less than two hours.

6. When did they get the idea for the invention?

解析:A。该题目为细节题。问题是:他们在什么时候萌发了这个创意?根据问题关键词“idea”定位文章出处:The three engineering students got the idea for the device while sitting in their school’s courtyard.他们坐在学校操场上时萌发了用植物给手机充电的创意。选项A)While sitting in their schools courtyard,与原文内容视听一致。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.

A、It increases the applications of mobile phones.

B、It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.

C、It improves the reception of mobile phones. 

D、It collects the energy released by plants.

解析:

News Report Three

    Three university students in Santiago, Chile, have(5)developed a plant-powered device to charge their mobile phones. 

    The three engineering students(6)got the idea for the device while sitting in their school’s courtyard. Their invention is a small biological circuit they call E-Kaia. (7)It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis—a process of converting sunlight into energy.

     A plant uses only a small part of the energy produced by that process. The rest goes into the soil. E-Kaia collects that energy. The device plugs into the ground and then into a mobile phone. 

    The E-Kaia solved two problems for the engineering students. They needed an idea for a class project. They also needed an outlet to plug in their phones. 

    One of the student inventors, Camila Rupcich, says the device changes the energy released from the plant into low-level power to charge phones. 

    The E-Kaia is able to fully recharge a mobile phone in less than two hours.

7. What does the speaker say about the invention?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题是:关于这项发明,叙述者说了什么?根据问题关键词较难定位,故可从选项入手。选项A“增加手机应用数量”和选项C“改善手机信号”并没有在文章中出现,B、D都有原文词“photosynthesis”和“released”。但是B 选项翻译为:加快光合作用进程。D 译为:搜集植物释放的能量。文章出处:It captures the energy which plants produce during photosynthesis—a process of converting sunlight into energy. 捕捉在光合作用中产生的能量。选项B为细节的拼凑,但是翻译出来与原文不符。D选项是原文的改写。其中,capture表示“捕捉”,collect表示“搜集”,两个词是同义替换。因此,此题目正确答案为D。

8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant. 

B、He called the woman and left her a message. 

C、He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines. 

D、He asked a technician to fix the broken production line.

解析:

Conversation One

M: Good morning. What can I do for you?

W: Good morning. Could I talk to Jeffry Harding please?

M: Speaking.

W: Hello, Jeff. It’s Helen.(8)I got your message on the answering machine. What’s the problem?

M: Oh, Helen. Well, it’s the Grimsby plant again, I’m afraid. The(9)robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill.

W: Can’t you replace them with the stand-ins?

M: I’m afraid not. The stand-ins are already in use on Line 6. And the ones from Line 6 are being serviced.

W: When did this happen, Jeff?

M: Well, they’ve been making a low continuous sound for a day or two. But they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon.

W: I see. What did you do? Have you tried the whole plant?

M: Not yet, Helen.(10)I thought I’d better get your OK first.

W: OK. Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight. We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning. Is it a major job to repair our robots?

M: About a week. That’s what the maintenance engineer says.

W: Right. Well, if you can get the ones from Tom, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week.

M: OK. Thank you very much, Helen.

W: You are most welcome.

M: (11)Sorry to spoil your day off.

W: It doesn’t matter.

8. What did the man do before the telephone conversation?

解析:B。该题目为推理题。问题是:这位男士打电话前做了什么?答案在对话开头的第一个话题寒暄和介绍处。“I got your message on the answering machine. Whats the problem? ”,女士表示她在电话留言机上听到了男士的留言。选项B) He called the woman and left her a message,他打电话给女士留言了,与此相符。与新闻听力不同,长对话以听懂对话场景和分话题为核心原则,结合视听一致原则,“message”再现。因此,此题目正确答案为B。

9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、It is the most modern production line. 

B、It assembles super-intelligent robots. 

C、It has stopped working completely.

D、It is going to be upgraded soon.

解析:

Conversation One

M: Good morning. What can I do for you?

W: Good morning. Could I talk to Jeffry Harding please?

M: Speaking.

W: Hello, Jeff. It’s Helen.(8)I got your message on the answering machine. What’s the problem?

M: Oh, Helen. Well, it’s the Grimsby plant again, I’m afraid. The(9)robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill.

W: Can’t you replace them with the stand-ins?

M: I’m afraid not. The stand-ins are already in use on Line 6. And the ones from Line 6 are being serviced.

W: When did this happen, Jeff?

M: Well, they’ve been making a low continuous sound for a day or two. But they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon.

W: I see. What did you do? Have you tried the whole plant?

M: Not yet, Helen.(10)I thought I’d better get your OK first.

W: OK. Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight. We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning. Is it a major job to repair our robots?

M: About a week. That’s what the maintenance engineer says.

W: Right. Well, if you can get the ones from Tom, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week.

M: OK. Thank you very much, Helen.

W: You are most welcome.

M: (11)Sorry to spoil your day off.

W: It doesn’t matter.

9. What does the man say about line 3 in the Grimsby plant?

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题是:关于Grimsby工厂的三号线,男士说了什么?对话中,男士的话是关键点,根据问题关键词“Line 3 in the Grimsby plant”定位原文:Well, it’s the Grimsby plant again, I’m afraid. The robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill. 三号线上机器人出了故障,所以整条线路陷入瘫痪。选项C)It has stopped working completely,三号线路彻底停止工作,与原文信息是同义替换。因此,正确答案为C。

10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、To seek her permission. 

B、To place an order for robots.

C、To request her to return at once.

D、To ask for Tom’s phone number.

解析:

Conversation One

M: Good morning. What can I do for you?

W: Good morning. Could I talk to Jeffry Harding please?

M: Speaking.

W: Hello, Jeff. It’s Helen.(8)I got your message on the answering machine. What’s the problem?

M: Oh, Helen. Well, it’s the Grimsby plant again, I’m afraid. The(9)robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill.

W: Can’t you replace them with the stand-ins?

M: I’m afraid not. The stand-ins are already in use on Line 6. And the ones from Line 6 are being serviced.

W: When did this happen, Jeff?

M: Well, they’ve been making a low continuous sound for a day or two. But they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon.

W: I see. What did you do? Have you tried the whole plant?

M: Not yet, Helen.(10)I thought I’d better get your OK first.

W: OK. Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight. We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning. Is it a major job to repair our robots?

M: About a week. That’s what the maintenance engineer says.

W: Right. Well, if you can get the ones from Tom, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week.

M: OK. Thank you very much, Helen.

W: You are most welcome.

M: (11)Sorry to spoil your day off.

W: It doesn’t matter.

10. What is the man’s purpose in calling the woman?

解析:A。该题目为细节题。问题是:男士给女士打电话的目的是什么?此题目对应原文为:Not yet, Helen. I thought I’d better get your OK first.男士认为他最好先得到女士的同意。与选项A)To seek her permission,寻求女士的同意,与原文内容属于同义替换。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、She is on duty. 

B、She is having her day off. 

C、She is on sick leave.

D、She is abroad on business.

解析:

Conversation One

M: Good morning. What can I do for you?

W: Good morning. Could I talk to Jeffry Harding please?

M: Speaking.

W: Hello, Jeff. It’s Helen.(8)I got your message on the answering machine. What’s the problem?

M: Oh, Helen. Well, it’s the Grimsby plant again, I’m afraid. The(9)robots on Line 3 have gone wrong. And the line is at a standstill.

W: Can’t you replace them with the stand-ins?

M: I’m afraid not. The stand-ins are already in use on Line 6. And the ones from Line 6 are being serviced.

W: When did this happen, Jeff?

M: Well, they’ve been making a low continuous sound for a day or two. But they finally went dead at 2:30 this afternoon.

W: I see. What did you do? Have you tried the whole plant?

M: Not yet, Helen.(10)I thought I’d better get your OK first.

W: OK. Get on the phone to Tom, and try to get their stand-ins over tonight. We have to be back at full capacity tomorrow morning. Is it a major job to repair our robots?

M: About a week. That’s what the maintenance engineer says.

W: Right. Well, if you can get the ones from Tom, please ask Tom to inform Sheffield that he may need their stand-ins in case of emergency during the next week.

M: OK. Thank you very much, Helen.

W: You are most welcome.

M: (11)Sorry to spoil your day off.

W: It doesn’t matter.

11. Where is the woman at the time of the conversation?

解析:B。该题目为细节题。问题是:打电话时,女士在哪里?原文出现在对话最后,符合考题均匀分布原则。男士表示“Sorry to spoil your day off”,即很抱歉毁了女士的假期。选项B)She is having her day off(她正在休假)与原文意思一致。其中,“day off”是“假期”的含义。此题目采用视听一致可以做出正确选择。因此,此题目正确答案为B。

12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、He saved a baby boy’s life. 

B、He wanted to be a superhero. 

C、He prevented a train crash.

D、He was a witness to an accident.

解析:

Conversation Two

W: This is Kerry Burke from New York Daily News. I’m speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an(13)unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons: (12)He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind.

M: Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero. I’m just an ordinary person, and a father of two. Anybody in that situation would have done what I did.

W: You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right?

M: Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position. I’ve been looking for a job for a year and more. I’m looking for something to support my family.

W: Tell us what happened at the station.

M: (14)There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour. There was a woman with four kids. One was in a pushchair. The wind blew the baby onto the tracks.

W: Witnesses said people were looking on in horror as the child’s mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, (15)stood frozen in shock. In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend, headed into the station. I guess you were not aware of any of these, right?

M: No. I just jumped down and grabbed the baby. The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks. I really wasn’t thinking.

W: What an amazing story. Thank you very much.

12. What did Kerry Burke from New York Daily News say about the man?

解析:A。该题目为细节题。问题是:关于那位男士,《纽约每日新闻》的Kerry Burke说了什么?根据原文“He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind”,他拯救了一个九个月大的男孩。选项A) He saved a baby boy’s life,他拯救了一个九个月大孩子的生命。选项B“他想成为超级英雄”属于过度推理。选项D“他是目击者”,属于无中生有。选项C,“他阻止了一起火车事故的发生”,虽然有“train”,但是属于细节拼凑与原文不符。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、He has a 9-month-old boy.

B、He is currently unemployed. 

C、He enjoys the interview.

D、He commutes by subway.

解析:

Conversation Two

W: This is Kerry Burke from New York Daily News. I’m speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an(13)unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons: (12)He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind.

M: Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero. I’m just an ordinary person, and a father of two. Anybody in that situation would have done what I did.

W: You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right?

M: Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position. I’ve been looking for a job for a year and more. I’m looking for something to support my family.

W: Tell us what happened at the station.

M: (14)There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour. There was a woman with four kids. One was in a pushchair. The wind blew the baby onto the tracks.

W: Witnesses said people were looking on in horror as the child’s mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, (15)stood frozen in shock. In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend, headed into the station. I guess you were not aware of any of these, right?

M: No. I just jumped down and grabbed the baby. The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks. I really wasn’t thinking.

W: What an amazing story. Thank you very much.

13. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

解析:B。该题目为细节题。问题是:从对话中,我们可以知道关于这位男士的什么信息?此题目一反常态,出题点位置先于12题。长对话中,以听懂为核心原则,听懂背景和含义是做对题目的最佳方法。根据原文“I’m speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons”,我正在采访Delroy Simmonds,他是一位失业的布鲁克林男子,因为一个再好不过的原因错失了周二的求职面试。选项B)He is currently unemployed,与原文信息相符。其他选项与听到的不相符,如A选项has a baby译为“有一个孩子”,原文是“救一个孩子”;C选项enjoy the interview译为“享受面试”,原文是“错过面试”。因此,此题目正确答案为B。

14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、A rock on the tracks. 

B、A misplaced pushchair. 

C、A strong wind.

D、A speeding car.

解析:

Conversation Two

W: This is Kerry Burke from New York Daily News. I’m speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an(13)unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons: (12)He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind.

M: Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero. I’m just an ordinary person, and a father of two. Anybody in that situation would have done what I did.

W: You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right?

M: Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position. I’ve been looking for a job for a year and more. I’m looking for something to support my family.

W: Tell us what happened at the station.

M: (14)There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour. There was a woman with four kids. One was in a pushchair. The wind blew the baby onto the tracks.

W: Witnesses said people were looking on in horror as the child’s mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, (15)stood frozen in shock. In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend, headed into the station. I guess you were not aware of any of these, right?

M: No. I just jumped down and grabbed the baby. The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks. I really wasn’t thinking.

W: What an amazing story. Thank you very much.

14. What caused the incident?

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题是:什么引发了此次事故?话题引导者提出了新的小话题:告诉我们在地铁站发生了什么?材料中女士说“Tell us what happened at the station.”,这位男士回答称“There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour”,当时有强风。选项C)A strong wind,与原文信息完全一致。B选项中的pushchair是“婴儿车”,文章中出现了pushchair,但是没有出现“错放”(misplaced),以及 “the wind blow the baby onto the tracks”,风把婴儿吹到了轨道上,再次出现了wind。因此,此题目正确答案为C。

15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.

A、She stood motionless in shock. 

B、She cried bitterly.

C、She called the police at once.

D、She shouted for help.

解析:

Conversation Two

W: This is Kerry Burke from New York Daily News. I’m speaking to Delroy Simmonds, an(13)unemployed Brooklyn man who missed a job interview Tuesday for the best of reasons: (12)He was saving the life of a 9-month-old boy who was blown into the path of an oncoming subway train by a high wind.

M: Everybody is making me out to be some sort of superhero. I’m just an ordinary person, and a father of two. Anybody in that situation would have done what I did.

W: You were going to an interview when the incident occurred, right?

M: Yes, I was on my way to apply for a maintenance position. I’ve been looking for a job for a year and more. I’m looking for something to support my family.

W: Tell us what happened at the station.

M: (14)There was a strong wind. It had to be 30 to 40 miles an hour. There was a woman with four kids. One was in a pushchair. The wind blew the baby onto the tracks.

W: Witnesses said people were looking on in horror as the child’s mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, (15)stood frozen in shock. In the distance, people could see the train rounding a bend, headed into the station. I guess you were not aware of any of these, right?

M: No. I just jumped down and grabbed the baby. The train was coming around the corner as I lifted the baby from the tracks. I really wasn’t thinking.

W: What an amazing story. Thank you very much.

15. How did the mother react when the incident occurred?

解析:A。该题目为细节题。问题是:事故发生时妈妈的反应是什么?由选项推测要听描述女士状态的内容。根据关键词“mother”定位原文出处,“as the child’s mother, identified by sources as Maria Zamara, stood frozen in shock”,孩子的妈妈Maria Zamara当时震惊地僵住了。选项A)She stood motionless in shock,与原文意思是同义替换,motionless和frozen均表示“僵住不动”。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings. 

B、She loved the ice-cream business more than teaching primary school. 

C、She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughter’s education. 

D、She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl.

解析:

Passage One

    There’s one sound that gets a big reaction from kids on a hot day, (16)the sound of an ice-cream truck. Maria McCartney has been in the mobile ice-cream business since 2005. “When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday,” McCartney said. During the hot days of summer, Maria and her daughter drive an ice-cream truck through neighborhoods and parks in Billings. It’s not about making money for this former elementary school teacher. Rather, she wants to(17)preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck. “Truly my favorite part is to see the kids jumping up and down and they just get so excited. It’s great to build a memory for them too. There’s not a lot of these ice-cream trucks around anymore. The parents come out barefoot and screaming, ready to buy ice-cream; they remember when they were kids and they saw a truck,” she said. While the treats may be ice cold, Maria has a warm heart for little faces. Her truck features a donation bucket(18)for kids who don’t have money for ice-cream. “When there are three kids and only two of them have money, I always make sure the third one gets something because I can’t drive away and have that third one not have something,” she said.

16. What does the speaker say about Maria McCartney?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题是:关于Maria McCartney叙述者说了什么?出题点在文章开头,根据选项推测问的是女士,并且和冰激凌相关。根据问题关键词“Maria McCartney”定位原文出处为:When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday...“我”小时候看到一辆冰激凌车,就下定决心,总有一天自己也要买一辆。选项D)She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl,与原文内容视听一致。因此,此题目正确选项为D。

17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、To preserve a tradition. 

B、To amuse her daughter. 

C、To help local education.

D、To make some extra money.

解析:

Passage One

    There’s one sound that gets a big reaction from kids on a hot day, (16)the sound of an ice-cream truck. Maria McCartney has been in the mobile ice-cream business since 2005. “When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday,” McCartney said. During the hot days of summer, Maria and her daughter drive an ice-cream truck through neighborhoods and parks in Billings. It’s not about making money for this former elementary school teacher. Rather, she wants to(17)preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck. “Truly my favorite part is to see the kids jumping up and down and they just get so excited. It’s great to build a memory for them too. There’s not a lot of these ice-cream trucks around anymore. The parents come out barefoot and screaming, ready to buy ice-cream; they remember when they were kids and they saw a truck,” she said. While the treats may be ice cold, Maria has a warm heart for little faces. Her truck features a donation bucket(18)for kids who don’t have money for ice-cream. “When there are three kids and only two of them have money, I always make sure the third one gets something because I can’t drive away and have that third one not have something,” she said.

17. Why does Maria go into the mobile ice-cream business?

解析:A。该题目为细节题。问题是:为什么Maria进入了移动冰激凌商业领域?根据选项关键词“money”和“tradition”可以定位原文出处,也可以通过转折处“rather ”预测问题出处。所以根据原文“It’s not about making money for this former elementary school teacher. Rather, she wants to preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck”,她这样做不是为了赚钱,而是为了延续社区冰激凌车传统。选项A)To preserve a tradition,与原文信息完全一致,再现原文。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、To raise money for business expansion. 

B、To make her truck attractive to children.

C、To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too.

D、To teach kids the value of mutual support.

解析:

Passage One

    There’s one sound that gets a big reaction from kids on a hot day, (16)the sound of an ice-cream truck. Maria McCartney has been in the mobile ice-cream business since 2005. “When I was a little girl, I saw an ice-cream truck and knew I wanted to have one someday,” McCartney said. During the hot days of summer, Maria and her daughter drive an ice-cream truck through neighborhoods and parks in Billings. It’s not about making money for this former elementary school teacher. Rather, she wants to(17)preserve the tradition of the neighborhood ice-cream truck. “Truly my favorite part is to see the kids jumping up and down and they just get so excited. It’s great to build a memory for them too. There’s not a lot of these ice-cream trucks around anymore. The parents come out barefoot and screaming, ready to buy ice-cream; they remember when they were kids and they saw a truck,” she said. While the treats may be ice cold, Maria has a warm heart for little faces. Her truck features a donation bucket(18)for kids who don’t have money for ice-cream. “When there are three kids and only two of them have money, I always make sure the third one gets something because I can’t drive away and have that third one not have something,” she said.

18. Why does Maria put a donation bucket in her truck?

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题是:为什么Maria将一个捐款的小桶放到冰激凌车上?问题的关键词为“donation bucket”,定位文章出处为:Her truck features a donation bucket for kids who don’t have money for ice-cream.为了那些没有钱买冰激凌的孩子。选项C)To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too,与原文内容系同义替换,don’t have money 和 poor 均表示“没钱”。因此,此题目正确答案为C。

19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、The reasons for imposing taxes. 

B、The various services money can buy.

C、The various burdens on ordinary citizens.

D、The function of money in the modern world.

解析:

Passage Two

    We know we have to pay for what we get. If we buy food, we have to pay for it. If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills. But there are also public bills to be paid. They are paid by the government. In turn we get the needed services. (19)We pay for these services through taxes. What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed. We would not want to live in such a city. (20)The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Also, a large amount of public funds is spent on roads. Most of the needed funds are raised by taxes. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in the matter. (21)Years ago the government made money by selling public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So, we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.

19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

解析:A。该题目为主旨题。问题是:本文主要讨论什么?主旨题出题位置在首段末尾处。根据选项得出关键词分别为:征税原因、各种的服务、各种负担、金钱作用。第一段首句“We know we have to pay for what we get”指出我们想获得什么都要付钱。尾句“We pay for these services through taxes”指出我们为服务付税。选项A)The reasons for imposing taxes,与原文信息相一致。或者在判断为主旨题时,先放置不做,等听完全文再做出选择,文章后续则讲述了税收的原因。因此,此题目正确答案为A。

20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、Educating and training citizens. 

B、Improving public transportation. 

C、Protecting people’s life and property.

D、Building hospitals and public libraries.

解析:

Passage Two

    We know we have to pay for what we get. If we buy food, we have to pay for it. If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills. But there are also public bills to be paid. They are paid by the government. In turn we get the needed services. (19)We pay for these services through taxes. What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed. We would not want to live in such a city. (20)The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Also, a large amount of public funds is spent on roads. Most of the needed funds are raised by taxes. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in the matter. (21)Years ago the government made money by selling public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So, we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.

20. What is most of the government money used for?

解析:C。该题目为细节题。问题是:政府大部分的钱都用来做什么?原文中关键词“chief”为出题点。根据原文“The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose”,可见政府的首要职责是保护公民和财产,此项开支占到政府开支的四分之三。选项C)Protecting people’s life and property,与原文信息视听一致,再现原文。此题目正确答案为C。

21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、By asking for donations.

B、By selling public lands.

C、By selling government bonds.

D、By exploiting natural resources.

解析:

Passage Two

    We know we have to pay for what we get. If we buy food, we have to pay for it. If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills. But there are also public bills to be paid. They are paid by the government. In turn we get the needed services. (19)We pay for these services through taxes. What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes? The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed. We would not want to live in such a city. (20)The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property. More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose. The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens. Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries. Also, a large amount of public funds is spent on roads. Most of the needed funds are raised by taxes. The law orders us to pay taxes. We have no choice in the matter. (21)Years ago the government made money by selling public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold. There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources. They could be sold, but we want to save them for future years. So, we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.

21. How did the government raise money to pay public bills in the past?

解析:B。该题目为细节题。问题是:过去,政府如何筹集资金支付公共费用?出题点在时间对比处和转折处。根据原文“Years ago the government made money by selling public lands. But most of the best public lands have now been sold”,过去政府通过出售公共土地筹集资金,但是现在大部分优质公共土地都已经出售了。选项B)By selling public lands,与原文内容视听一致,再现原文。因此,此题目正确答案为B。

22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、It is located at the center of the European continent. 

B、It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues. 

C、It contains less than a square mile of land.

D、It is surrounded by France on three sides.

解析:

Passage Three

    Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, (25)Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land. Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy. Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade, and customs. One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco.(22)It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides. (23)Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly. Rainier’s family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297. The land has been independent for over three hundred years. Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco. This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other. Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. (24)One of the products it exports is clothing. Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations. Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German. Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s. Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here. The country makes and exports a lot of machinery. (25)Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well.

22. What does the speaker say about Monaco?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题是:本文是如何描述摩纳哥的?此题按照视听一致原则,边听边选,文章出处位于两次提到“Monaco”处,第二次用代词it指代摩纳哥。原文出处:It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides.选项D)It is surrounded by France on three sides,与原文内容完全视听一致。因此,此题目正确答案为D。

23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media. 

B、Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress. 

C、It is where many American movies are shot. 

D、It is a favorite place Americans like to visit.

解析:

Passage Three

    Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, (25)Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land. Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy. Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade, and customs. One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco.(22)It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides. (23)Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly. Rainier’s family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297. The land has been independent for over three hundred years. Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco. This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other. Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. (24)One of the products it exports is clothing. Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations. Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German. Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s. Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here. The country makes and exports a lot of machinery. (25)Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well.

23. Why did Monaco become familiar to Americans according to the speaker?

解析:B。该题目为细节题。问题是:根据描述者的话,摩纳哥为美国人熟知的原因是什么?本题考点出处紧挨着第22题考点出处:Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly.摩纳哥之所以被美国人熟知是因为国家元首Prince Rainier和美国演员Grace Kelly结婚了。选项B)Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress,与原文内容完全视听一致。因此,此题目正确答案为B。

24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、Tobacco. 

B、Potatoes.

C、Machinery.

D、Clothing.

解析:

Passage Three

    Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, (25)Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land. Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy. Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade, and customs. One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco.(22)It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides. (23)Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly. Rainier’s family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297. The land has been independent for over three hundred years. Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco. This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other. Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. (24)One of the products it exports is clothing. Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations. Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German. Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s. Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here. The country makes and exports a lot of machinery. (25)Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well.

​​​​​​​24. What is one of the products Andorra exports?

解析:D。该题目为细节题。问题是:安道尔出口产品之一是什么?根据原文“One of the products it exports is clothing”,服装是其出口产品之一。选项D) Clothing,与原文内容相匹配。因此,此题目正确答案为D。

25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.

A、European history. 

B、European geography.

C、Small countries in Europe. 

D、Tourist attractions in Europe. 

解析:

Passage Three

    Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, (25)Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries? One of these countries contains less than a square mile of land. Another is surrounded on all sides by Italy. Yet each is an independent land, with its own government, trade, and customs. One of the best known of these small countries is Monaco.(22)It is situated on the Mediterranean Sea and surrounded by France on three sides. (23)Monaco became familiar to Americans when its ruler, Prince Rainier, married the American actress Grace Kelly. Rainier’s family has ruled Monaco almost continuously since 1297. The land has been independent for over three hundred years. Andorra, with an area of some 200 square miles, is considerably larger than Monaco. This country is located in the Pyrenees Mountains, with France on one side and Spain on the other. Potatoes and tobacco are grown in Andorra’s steep mountain valleys. (24)One of the products it exports is clothing. Andorra is also known for its excellent skiing locations. Within the Alps in Central Europe is Liechtenstein, a tiny country of about 30,000 people who speak mostly German. Liechtenstein uses the same money as its neighbor Switzerland, but it has been an independent country since the 1860s. Taxes are low, so many businesses have their headquarters here. The country makes and exports a lot of machinery. (25)Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well.


25. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

解析:C。该题目为主旨题。问题是:本文主要说了什么?可以根据全文讲述的脉络——对摩纳哥、安道尔和列支敦士登的介绍,以及文章尾句“Other small, independent states in Europe are San Marino and Luxembourg. Each of these has unique qualities as well”(欧洲还有许多独立的小国,比如圣马力诺和卢森堡,这些国家都有自己的特色),作出判断。选项C) Small countries in Europe,与原文叙述相一致。因此,此题目正确答案为C。

二、Part III Reading Comprehension

The ocean is heating up. That’s the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth’s oceans now  26_____  heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to  27_____   to coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea  28_____  . While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are more difficult to  29_____  . The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get a better  30_____   of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century  31 _____  of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources,  32_____   with computer simulations (计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel  33_____  .About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a  34_____   of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they’re  35_____   whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea’s surface.

26、(1)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:

26. A)absorb 

解析:动词辨析题。空格前主语为oceans,now为时间状语,空格后为heat,符合公式“n/代+v+n/代”,因此空格处应填入动词,且为一般现在时,主语是oceans,那么进而推断填入动词原形,备选词有A)absorb(吸收)、C)contribute (贡献)、G)explore (探索)、M)picture (想象,描写)。而文章第一句讲到海洋正在升温,因此应填入A)absorb ,表示“吸收热量”。

27. C)contribute

解析:动词辨析题。空格前是be known to,此处的to是不定式to,符合公式不定式“to+v”,而空格后依然是to,此时应填入一个动词原形并且能与介词to搭配,备选词只有C)contribute (贡献),符合判断,contribute to表示“促成,有助于”。

28. K)levels

解析:名词辨析题。空格前是raising sea,空格在句尾,故应填入名词。原文意为“海平面上升”,应填入K)levels。

29. G)explore

解析:动词辨析题。空格前是difficult to,此处的to是不定式to,符合公式不定式“to+v”,应填入动词原形。备选词有G)explore (探索)、M) picture (想象,描写)。在while引导的从句中出现了“top is studied”,while此处表示“尽管”,那么后半句应该与从句意思相反,后半句出现的depths与top形成对比,空格处应填入study的近义词。原文意为“表层海面虽然研究深入,但是深海更难以探索”,因此应填入G)explore。

30. M)picture

解析:名词辨析题。空格前是形容词better,空格后是介词of,所以空格处应填入名词,符合公式“adj.+n”以及“A of B”的名词结构,备选词有D)depth(深度)、E)emissions(发射)、F)excursion(远足)、H)floor (地面,楼层)、H)heights(高度)、M)picture (照片,图画)以及O)voyage (航行)。原文意为“研究者搜集了150年的海洋温度数据,目的是要更清晰地了解现在与过去的变化趋势”。 需要做图来进行比对,因此填入M)picture。

31. O)voyage

解析:名词辨析题。空格前是a 19th century,有冠词a,符合公式“a+n”,应填入可数名词单数,下文出现了“naval ships”,填入的名词应跟航海相关,因此填入O)voyage。

32. B)combined

解析:动词辨析题。空格位于插入语中,插入语在句子中做状语,此时应填入动词分词形式,备选词有B)combined(使联合)、L)mixed(混合)。但同时要与介词with搭配,故填入B)combined,表示“与……相结合”。

33. E)emissions

解析:名词辨析题。空格位于并列结构中,根据and结构前后来判断,空格处缺少名词复数,备选词有E)emissions(发射,散发,喷射)、H)heights(高度)。and之前出现了volcanic outbreaks(火山爆发),空格处应填入一个词表示“燃料的释放”,因此填入E)emissions。

34. D)depth

解析:名词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a,空格后是介词of,符合公式“a+n+of”,空格处应填入可数名词单数,备选词有D)depth(深度)、F)excursion(远足)、H)floor (地面,楼层),结合后面出现的“700 meters”,空格处应填入D)depth。

35. N)unsure

解析:形容词辨析题。空格前是主系结构,空格后是whether引导的宾语从句,此处应填入一个形容词,且可以锁定 N)unsure(不确定的),因为whether表示“是否”,说明这些人并没有一个肯定的态度,注意sure和unsure的宾语从句的引导词是不同的, sure的宾语从句引导词为that, unsure的宾语从句的引导词为whether, 类似的词语还有doubt,大家需要多多注意!

27、(2)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

28、(3)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

29、(4)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

30、(5)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

31、(6)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

32、(7)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

33、(8)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

34、(9)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

35、(10)

A、combined

B、contribute

C、excursion

D、mixed

E、depth

F、voyage

G、levels

H、floor

I、emissions

J、unsure

K、indifferent

L、absorb

M、heights

N、picture

O、explore

解析:见上一题!

The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

【A】  I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation—and how people persevere after setbacks—as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.
【B】 People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people’s beliefs about why they had failed. 
【C】 In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.
【D】 Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners—helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that’s that. I call this a “fixed mind-set(思维模式).” Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were  destined (注定) for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.
【E】 We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students’ mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as “Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can’t really change.” We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.
【F】As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.
【G】Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester—and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.
【H】 A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.
【I】 How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.
【J】  In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.
【K】 Research is converging (汇 聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment  and even genius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift.

36、The author’s experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:36. The author’s experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

[F] The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.

解析:完成此题需要理解整篇文章,难度最大。由fixed mind-set定位至文章D段,D—H段介绍了两种类型学生——无助型学生和以掌握为导向的学生,同时二者对应两种思维模式,即固定思维模式以及成长型思维模式,此外,根据介词短语indication of low ability定位至文章F段中间,sign对应indication。

37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

[C] These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.解析:定位段尾,符合正常的阅读顺序。介词短语Focusing on effort以及并列结构overcome frustration and achieve success作为关键词,由此定位至C段最后一句。overcome frustration and achieve success是resolve helplessness and generate success的同义替换。

38. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

[I] How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work.

解析:定位段首问句处,符合正常阅读顺序以及出题原则。由fixed mind-set定位至文章F段之后,同时结合介词短语by telling success stories定位至文章I段开头的问号处。

39. Students’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.

[B] Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people’s beliefs about why they had failed.

解析:定位段尾问句处,介词短语the cause of their failure对应B段原文的why they had failed,attitude对应原文中的give up,同时toward setbacks对应原文中的encounter difficulty。

40. In the author’s experiment, student with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

[G] At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence.

解析:定位段中转折处,由fixed mind-set定位至文章F段之后,同时根据math problems定位至文章G段以及之后,最后通过比较级定位至G段,greater perseverance对应原文G段中的greater persistence。

41. The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students’ mind-sets on math learning.

[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades.

解析:定位至段首数字之后,experiment对应文章中的study, 介词短语influence of students’ mind-sets on math learning对应原文E段中的how their mind-sets might affect their math grades,41题整句话是对E段开头的概述。

42. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

[A] Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control.

解析:根据animal精准定位,即可定位至文章A段。

43. Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.

解析:关注段首段尾处,总结概括,数字加以辅证。结合介词about以及as,找到短语brain as a learning machine,对应J段开头的mind as a learning machine,再结合不定式to以及介词for,锁定定位词enhance their motivation,对应J段结尾数字描述“motivational changes in 27%”。

44. People with a fixed mind-set believe that one’s intelligence is unchangeable.

[D] The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that’s that. I call this a “fixed mind-set.”

解析:关注段中引语处,由fixed mind-set定位至文章D段之后,同时通过长难词intelligence 以及unchangeable定位至文章D段引语处,unchangeable对应该段的fixed characteristic。

45. In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.

[H] Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.

解析:通过workplace及managers精准定位,直接定位至文章H段。

37、Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

38、We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

39、Students’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

40、In the author’s experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

41、The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students’ mind-sets on math learning.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

42、After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

43、Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

44、People with a fixed mind-set believe that one’s intelligence is unchangeable.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

45、In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.

A、A

B、B

C、C

D、D

E、E

F、F

G、G

H、H

I、I

J、J

K、K

解析:见上一题!

    “Sugar, alcohol and tobacco,” economist Adam Smith once wrote, “are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.”

    Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

    Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico’s taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.

    The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

    Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

    Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

    While reformulating recipes ( 配 方 ) is one way to improve public health, it  should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches—including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes—will be needed. There is no silver bullet.

46、What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco?

A、They were profitable to manufacture.

B、They were in ever-increasing demand.

C、They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

D、They were no longer considered necessities of life.

解析:

46. C)They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

解析:细节推断题。根据题干中的Adam Smith定位至文章第一段。文中指出,糖、酒精和烟草是世界性的消费品,也是最广泛的征税对象。由此可知,本题答案出现在并列的定语从句中。A项“生产它们可以带来利润”以及B项“人们对它们的需求一直在上升”,这两个选项在原文中无对应信息。原文只是说不论在哪儿这些都不是生活的必需品,并且已经变成了全球消费品。C选项是对原文的同义改写。were subject to taxation 对应原文subjects of taxation , almost everywhere对应原文extremely popular。D项“它们不再是生活必需品”与原文背道而驰。

47、Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

A、They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.

B、They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

C、They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.

D、The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

解析:

47. B)They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

解析:细节题。根据题干中的started to consider taxing sugar定位至第二段第二句。该段第二句指出,由于世界肥胖人数的增加对公共健康造成了压力,各国政府都开始考虑对糖征收税费。可以得出,是由于肥胖导致了健康问题,所以才要对糖征收税费。选项B是对原文的同义改写。而A项提到的国家预算压力,原文中未出现。C项“征收烟草和酒精税,受欢迎而且好处又多”以及D项“糖果行业的利润超过了酒精和烟草行业”,这些都没提到。

48、What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?

A、It did not work out as well as was expected.

B、It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.

C、It could not succeed without German cooperation.

D、It met with firm opposition from the food industry.​​​​​​​

解析:

48. A)It did not work out as well as was expected.

解析:细节推断题。根据题干中的Danish taxation on fat-rich foods定位至文章第三段第三句。第三句表明,丹麦对高脂肪食物的征税一年之后就取消,这是因为消费者为了避税跑到德国买低价的高脂肪食物。此举并未实现提高税费,阻止人们去购买高脂肪食物的目标,因此A项是对原文信息的概括。B项以及C项中分别出现了border以及German,但这是很明显的曲解原意选项,再次证明看到原词重现反而要多加注意。D项“遭到食品行业抵制”在原文中未出现。

49、What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?

A、Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

B、Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.

C、Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers’ needs.

D、Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

解析:

49. D) Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

解析:细节题。根据题干中的the more recent effort by food companies定位至文章第六段倒数第二句。在该句冒号后的adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell(调整所售食物的基本成分)对公司近期所做出的努力进行了解释说明。D项Adjusting the physical composition of their products则是对定位句的同义改写,故D项为正确答案。

50、What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, “There is no silver bullet”(Line 4, Para. 7)?

A、There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.

B、There is no hope of success without public cooperation.

C、There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.

D、There is no effective way to reduce people’s sugar consumption.

解析:

50. A)There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.

解析:语义题。直接定位至文章第七段,文中指出,改变配方是改善公共健康的方法之一,此外还需要多种解决方法。结合silver bullet字面含义,子弹的速度是很快的,因此,原文想表达的是不存在快速解决肥胖的办法,结合原文not just one solution,A项“不存在快速且单一的解决问题的方法”与原文内容一致。

    You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

    Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model’s body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.

    The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16—low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization’s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

    “Especially girls and teens”, says Record. “Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines.” That’s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia (厌食症) results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

    It’s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

    Record’s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

    In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model’s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won’t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. “A designer can’t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week”, she says, adding, “Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week.”

51、What do Record and Austin say about fashion models’ body mass?

A、It has caused needless controversy.

B、It is but a matter of personal taste.

C、It is the focus of the modeling business.

D、It affects models’ health and safety.

解析:

51. D) It affects models’ health and safety.

解析:细节推断题。由Record and Austin以及fashion models’ body mass定位至文章第二段第一句,该句指出,两位研究人员指出,模特的体重应该是职场健康和安全问题,选项中D项是对这句话的同义转述。而A项中虽然出现了原文的词汇controversy,但是选项A的意思为“过度瘦的模特引发的争议”,并不是两位研究人员的观点。B项、C项未提及。

52、What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?

A、A change in the public’s view of female beauty.

B、Government legislation about models’ weight.

C、Elimination of forced weight loss by models.

D、Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.

解析:

52. B) Government legislation about models’ weight.

解析:细节题。根据题干中的Record and Austin以及Monday editorial定位至文章第二段第二句。该句指出:两位研究人员指出,政府该对时尚界进行监管,B项是对这句话的同义转述,故正确。government legislation对应原文的government regulation。

53、Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?

A、It contributes to many mental illnesses.

B、It defines the future of the fashion industry.

C、It has great influence on numerous girls and women.

D、It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway.

解析:

53. C) It has great influence on numerous girls and women.

解析:细节题。由Record and Austin worried定位至第三段第二句。该句指出,Record和Austin担心的不仅仅是这些模特自身,更担心这些模特的形象对女孩和妇女的影响。此时问题的答案出现在转折词“but”之后,因此C项才是原文侧重表达的。

54、What do we learn about France’s fashion industry?

A、It has difficulty hiring models.

B、It has now a new law to follow.

C、It allows girls under 18 on the runway.

D、It has overtaken that of the United States.

解析:

54. B) It has now a new law to follow.

解析:细节推断题。由France定位至文章第七段第一句。该句翻译为:法国在四月份通过了一项模特最低体重限定法案。B项是对该句话的概括描述,故正确。A项以及D项在原文中未提到。C项中利用数字18作为干扰,但是文中出现的18并非年龄,而是BMI指数,属于曲解原意。

55、What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?

A、It will create a completely new set of rules.

B、It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.

C、It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.

D、It will have models with a higher BMI.

解析:

55. D) It will have models with a higher BMI.

解析:细节题。根据题干中的New York Fashion Week定位至第七段最后一句。文中Record的话指出,一个设计师无法参加法国时装周就无法在业内生存,之于纽约时装周也同理。上文中提出无法参加时装周的原因是雇用体重指数低于18的模特,这样不仅会被罚款而且还有牢狱之灾。因此法国出台新法律之后,有了新的规章,为了参加时装周,模特不能过于消瘦,也就必须要增加体重指数,因此D项符合文意。A项提出the new rules是法国的不是美国的,为干扰项,曲解原意。B项以及C项将两个时装周对比,但是文中并未提及。

三、Part IV Translation

56、随着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而,在中国传统文化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住,白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样,礼金也不能装在白色的信封里,而要装在红色的信封里。

参考答案:

全文普通版:With the development of reform and opening-up, quite a number of young people in China now like western weddings. A bride usually wears white wedding dress at wedding ceremony, for white is regarded as a symbol of purity. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often seen in funerals. So please remember not to give flowers to the one who is in recovery, especially not to seniors or critical patients. Also, the cash gift should be put into red envelopes instead of white ones.

全文高配版:With the introduction of reform and opening-up, a great many of youngsters nowadays are fond of western-style weddings, where a bride usually wears white wedding dress, for white is regarded as a symbol of purity. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is a color that is often used in funerals. That’s why it’s necessary to keep in mind that white flowers must not be gifts for patients who is in recovery, especially not for the elders or critically ill patients. Similarly, the cash gift shouldn’t be packed in white envelopes, but in red ones instead.

解析:

第一句:随着中国的改革开放,如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。

普通版:主谓宾结构。主语“年轻人”,谓语“喜欢”,宾语“婚礼”。而“随着中国的改革开放”是时间状语,抓取句子主干时应排除在外。“改革开放”可以用“reform and opening-up”来表示,这句话可译为:With the development of reform and opening-up, quite a number of young people in China now like western weddings.

高配版:“随着中国的改革开放”可理解为“随着改革开放的引进”,那么此处可译为“with the introduction of reform and opening-up”,“喜欢”可以用“be fond of”或“be keen on”,那么整句话就译为:With the introduction of reform and opening-up, a great many of youngsters nowadays are fond of western-style weddings.

第二句:新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱,因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。

普通版:主谓宾结构,主语“新娘”是“bride”,谓语动词“穿”是“wear”,宾语“婚纱”是“wedding dress”,句子主干就找好了;那么后半句则是对主句的解释说明,“被认为”是“be regarded as”,“象征”是“symbol”,“纯洁”是“purity”,介词for可接原因状语从句,因此这句话可译为:A bride usually wears white wedding dress at wedding ceremony, for white is regarded as a symbol of purity.  

高配版:前两句话都出现了“婚礼”一词,那么就可以用定语从句把两句话合并。两句话共有的名词是“婚礼”,那么婚礼就是定语从句的先行词。第二句话中“婚礼”并没有作为主语或宾语,而是作为地点状语,那么就应该使用关系副词where进行连接,因此两句话可以合译为:With the introduction of reform and opening-up, a great many of youngsters nowadays are fond of western-style weddings, where a bride usually wears white wedding dress, for white is regarded as a symbol of purity.  

第三句:然而,在中国传统文化中,白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。

普通版:并不是所有带有“是”的句子一定要译为主系表结构,此句用“白色”作为主语,依旧可以用主谓宾的结构表达相同的意思。此时谓语动词可用see,用被动结构加地点状语的结构翻译,那么整句话可译为:However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often seen in funerals.

高配版:如果用主系表的结构分析,句子主语是“白色”,谓语是“是”,宾语是“颜色”,时间状语是“在中国传统文化中”。如果用白色作为句子主语,那么整句话应该使用定语从句,并将 “在葬礼上被使用的”的作为从句部分来修饰先行词“白色”,因此整句话可以译为:However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is a color that is often used in funerals.

第四句:因此务必记住,白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物,尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。

普通版:“务必记住”带有祈使句含义,因此用祈使句进行翻译。“记得做某事”使用“remember to do”的结构,“用作祝人康复的礼物”可以转化为定语从句,表达“送礼物给正处于康复中的人”的意思,那么句子译为:So please remember not to give flowers to the one who is in recovery, especially not to seniors or critical patients.

高配版:“务必记住”可用“it’s necessary to keep in mind that”的结构来表达,因此整句话可译为:That’s why it’s necessary to keep in mind that white flowers must not be gifts for patients who is in recovery, especially not for the elders or critically ill patients.

第五句:同样,礼金也不能装在白色的信封里,而要装在红色的信封里。

普通版:主谓宾的被动结构,主语“礼金”是“cash”,谓语“装在”是“put”,宾语“信封”是“envelope”,英文中“不是……而是”可以用“instead of”的短语表达,翻译时应将中文的两个选择进行顺序调换并使用肯定表达,那么整句话可译为:Also, the cash gift should be put into red envelopes instead of white ones.

高配版:如果使用否定表达则应在后半句加入连接词,连词but与前边的连接词形成对比,表示“不……而”的意思,同时“装”也可以用“pack”来表达,因此整句话可译为:Similarly, the cash gift shouldn’t be packed in white envelopes, but in red ones instead.

四、Part I Writing

57、Directions:  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: One is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

参考答案:

【范文】

With a great vision for future, many college students have never ceased to think what kind of work they shall take up upon graduation. In fact as the graduation approaches, all college students will be in a dilemma between finding a job or starting their own business. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some students hold that they should give the former priority to finding a job, yet the others disagree with it.

As to myself, I prefer to start a business of my own as my lifelong rather than find a job. My positions are based on following. It is widely acknowledged that nowadays job hunting of college students has become a pressing issue. All the information that the media conveys leaves us the impression that finding a decent job is becoming more and more difficult, which forces the students to set up their own business. Therefore when my peers are anxious to find a satisfied and decent job, I am already the boss of my own. More importantly, running my own business means freedom and independence. Besides I am an ambitious college student, starting a undertaking of my own means that I am free to use my own creative ideas and make my own decisions, so I have confidence to run my business smoothly. Meanwhile the government encourages this practice and provides many preferential policies for college students. This phenomenon has aroused great concern from the whole society. Last but not least, I like starting my own business in that it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more competition between colleagues.

In conclusion, I think it is a good choice for college students to start their own undertakings. Maybe it is very difficult for us, but if we have firm determination, clear mind, and a feasible project, we will obtain a great achievement.


【译文】

怀着对未来的美好憧憬,几乎每个大学生都思考过他们毕业后会从事何种职业,事实上,随着毕业季的来临,所有大学生面对找工作或是自己创业等问题,都会陷入进退两难的境地,不同的学生对此持不同意见。一些人认为,于他们而言他们会优先选择找工作,而其他人则不认同。

于我而言,我会把创业作为我一生要追求的事业而非找工作。我的选择主要是基于以下几种原因。人们都普遍认为目前对于大学生来说,找工作已经变成了一件紧迫的事情,媒体传递的所有的信息也都让我们更坚定地认为找一份体面的工作越来越难。所有的这一切都迫使大学生自己去创业。因此当我的同龄人都在为找一份满意而得体的工作而焦虑不已时,我已经成了自己的老板。更重要的是自己创业意味着有更多的独立和自由。除此之外,我是一个有雄心壮志的大学生,自己创业的话,我就可以把自己创造性的想法和决策运用到我的事业当中,因此我有决心经营好自己的事业。与此同时政府也非常鼓励大学生创业并且也出台了很多优惠政策给予支持,这些都已经引起了整个社会的关注。最重要的是,自己创业能让自己拥有平和的心态,不用匆忙地去赶早班车,不用挖空心思去讨好老板,也不用去管同事间的激烈竞争。

总而言之,我认为创业对大学生来说是一个不错的选择。或许刚开始步履维艰,但是如果我们有坚定的信念、清醒的头脑以及可行的方案,我们肯定能取得非凡的成就。

解析:

从题目中给出的内容可以看出,这次四级考试的作文话题和大学生紧密相关,也就是大学毕业后你要如何抉择:是选择找工作,还是更愿意自己创业。这是每个大学毕业生都必须要做出的选择,因为话题和自己以及自己的未来息息相关,相信大家更能畅所欲言。

【文章大纲】

第一段:话题描述

第二段:表明观点+阐述原因

第三段:观点结论

【万能引导句】

1. Some students hold that..., yet the others disagree with it. “有的学生认为……但是其他学生并不认同”,此句型可以用来阐述双方,这里的students也可以换成其他词,比如people。

2. In conclusion, I think it is a good...   “总的来说,我认为……是好的”,这个句型可以用在最后一段开头,从而对主题思想进行概括。good后面可以接way、phenomenon之类的词。

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