一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、How college students can handle their psychological problems.
B、Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.
C、Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
D、How college students can improve their sleep habits.
解析：
News Report One
You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech Universityis even offering a class called “Improving Your Sleep Habits”. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, （2）a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, （1）but they did much better after getting a good night’s sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
本道题属于主旨大意题。从原文前半部分我们大概能听出来这是一篇关于睡眠对学生的影响的报道，最后一句话也点出报道主题，想要工作更出色就需要睡眠。文中重点强调的是睡眠的重要性而不是如何改善睡眠习惯，故正确答案为 C。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits.
B、 It is not good for students to play video games.
C、Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
D、Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.
解析：
News Report One
You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech Universityis even offering a class called “Improving Your Sleep Habits”. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, （2）a new study published in the journal Learning and Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, （1）but they did much better after getting a good night’s sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.
2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning and Memory?
本道题属于细节题。考点出自原文“you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test”一句。选项 C）Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping，改变了一些表达方式，但说的还是新的研究结果，即考前睡得好比临阵磨枪更有效，故正确答案为 C。
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.
B、Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
C、Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.
D、Whether more airports should be built around London.
解析：
News Report Two
Long queues, delayed flights and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile there are complaints that poor service in London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving London. （3）The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. The idea is the competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure （4）but a lack of runway and terminal capacity which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.
3. What is the Competition Commission going to investigate?
本题是原文重现，原文中提到竞争委员会将去调查英国机场管理局是否需要廉价出清他们的一些资产，“whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets”对应选项 B，只是 need to 换成了 should， 故正确答案为 B。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Poor ownership structure.
B、 Inefficient management.
C、Lack of innovation and competition.
D、Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
解析：
News Report Two
Long queues, delayed flights and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile there are complaints that poor service in London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving London. （3）The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. The idea is the competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure （4）but a lack of runway and terminal capacity which is addressing through a program of heavy investment.
4. What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority?
本题是原文重现，问题问导致英国机场服务差的原因，原文中有提到不是因为所有制结构而是缺乏跑道和机场客容量，“a lack of runway and terminal capacity”，故正确答案为 D。
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.
B、Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.
C、Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.
D、Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
解析：
News Report Three
（5）Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for this study. Ninety- two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously.（6）The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why. “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every cigarette is 10 higher than it was six years ago,which means that it is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. （7）The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, （6）none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”
5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?
原文中提到在马萨诸塞州的法律规定下，烟草公司必须去检测每种香烟的尼古丁含量并汇报结果，“measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results”，和选项 D）Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes，报告他们香烟的尼古丁含量对应，故正确答案为 D。
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
B、Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.
C、Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.
D、Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking.
解析：
News Report Three
（5）Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for this study. Ninety- two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously.（6）The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why. “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every cigarette is 10 higher than it was six years ago,which means that it is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. （7）The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, （6）none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”
6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?
原文中提到研究结果表明 92 个香烟品牌的尼古丁含量已经比过去六年要高很多，而最受年轻人欢迎的香烟品牌是尼古丁含量增幅最大的那种 ，“The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers”，选项 A 与之对应，只是把 brands 所在的定语从句由“that were popular with young smokers” 同义替换改成了“young smokers like”，故正确答案为 A。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.
B、They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
C、They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.
D、They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.
解析：
News Report Three
（5）Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for this study. Ninety- two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously.（6）The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why. “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every cigarette is 10 higher than it was six years ago,which means that it is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. （7）The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, （6）none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”
7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies?
本题是原文重现，原文提到很多大的烟草公司虽然坦言吸烟有害健康，而且为顾客提供了足够信息，但对于这个研究并没有打算作出评论或者就产品中尼古丁含量进行讨论，选项 B）They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study 与这一内容相对应，故正确答案为 B。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Holland.
B、Indonesia.
C、England.
D、Sweden.
解析：
M: And you know, one thing that I want to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want to at least be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?
W: Yeah, it’s really hard. That’s the real struggle because, right now, （8）I do live in Holland, but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want— all I have to do is turn on the TV.
M: And reading also, right?
W: Yeah, reading. （10）There is plenty I can get to read and listen to, but for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. （9）So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, （10）probably try to find a club ? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles, well, it’s not..（11）it’s like a course. But really, you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and guide and to help out, and you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.
8. Where does the woman live right now?
这道题为地点题，四个选项为不同的地点，所以听原文中提到相关信息时要做好标记。原文中提到女士确实住在荷兰，只是不和荷兰人交往， 确认本题是问当前女士住在什么地方，故正确答案为 A。
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch.
B、Getting a coach who can offer real help.
C、Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize.
D、Learning a language where it is not spoken.
解析：
M: And you know, one thing that I want to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want to at least be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?
W: Yeah, it’s really hard. That’s the real struggle because, right now, （8）I do live in Holland, but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want— all I have to do is turn on the TV.
M: And reading also, right?
W: Yeah, reading. （10）There is plenty I can get to read and listen to, but for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. （9）So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, （10）probably try to find a club ? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles, well, it’s not..（11）it’s like a course. But really, you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and guide and to help out, and you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.
9. What does the woman say is the real challenge?
原文中女士提到，生活的国家不讲自己的目标语言，“who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken”，对她来说是一个真正的挑战， 对应选项 D）Learning a language where it is not spoken（所学语言在当地不使用），故正确答案为 D。
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Practicing reading aloud as often as possible.
B、Listening to language programs on the radio.
C、Trying to speak it as much as one can.
D、Making friends with native speakers.
解析：
M: And you know, one thing that I want to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want to at least be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?
W: Yeah, it’s really hard. That’s the real struggle because, right now, （8）I do live in Holland, but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want— all I have to do is turn on the TV.
M: And reading also, right?
W: Yeah, reading. （10）There is plenty I can get to read and listen to, but for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. （9）So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, （10）probably try to find a club ? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles, well, it’s not..（11）it’s like a course. But really, you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and guide and to help out, and you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.
10. What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language?
原文中女士提到读和听的资源都很多，唯有说没有替代方式。她表示自己可能会去一个俱乐部来找机会增加说的练习，对应选项 C）Trying to speak it as much as one can（尽可能多地去说），故正确答案为 C。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It provides opportunities for language practice.
B、It trains young people’s leadership abilities.
C、It offers various courses with credit points.
D、It creates an environment for socializing.
解析：
M: And you know, one thing that I want to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want to at least be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?
W: Yeah, it’s really hard. That’s the real struggle because, right now, （8）I do live in Holland, but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is as much listening exposure as I want— all I have to do is turn on the TV.
M: And reading also, right?
W: Yeah, reading. （10）There is plenty I can get to read and listen to, but for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. （9）So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, （10）probably try to find a club ? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles, well, it’s not..（11）it’s like a course. But really, you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and guide and to help out, and you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.
11. What does the woman say about the study circles in Sweden?
注意选项中的动宾结构，原文中女士说瑞典有一个很有意思的学习圈，类似课程，但没有评分，只有一个在旁边提供帮助的教练，结合上句话女士提到的语言学习，可推理出这个课程可以给语言学习者提供练习机会，“It provides opportunities for language practice”，故正确答案为 A。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A sense of freedom driving gives.
B、Rules and regulations for driving.
C、The role policemen play in traffic
D、The impact of engine design on road safety.
解析：
Conversation Two
W: Okay, Nelson. （12）So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you’d like to change?
M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump traffic lights, I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It’s very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W: （13）Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go, like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M: （14）Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?
W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive within their ability range. When you got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.
M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W: Possibly. They also have very good cars.
M: Right.
W: If you got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that. M: But still, with care.
W: So I think it’s the restrictions that create the dangers sometimes.
M: Okay.
W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.
M: Speed bumps.
W: Yes, speed bumps. Those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are good ideas.
M:（15）So you don’t think fining people is useful?
W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
原文中女士第一句话就交代了要讲的主要内容是关于“driving”（驾驶）以及相关规则的内容，然后下文也是就此展开，对应选项 B）“Rules and regulations for driving”（驾驶规则），故正确答案为 B。
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Make cars with automatic control.
B、Make cars with higher standards.
C、Make cars that are less powerful.
D、Make cars that have better brakes.
解析：
Conversation Two
W: Okay, Nelson. （12）So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you’d like to change?
M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump traffic lights, I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It’s very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W: （13）Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go, like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M: （14）Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?
W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive within their ability range. When you got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.
M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W: Possibly. They also have very good cars.
M: Right.
W: If you got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that. M: But still, with care.
W: So I think it’s the restrictions that create the dangers sometimes.
M: Okay.
W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.
M: Speed bumps.
W: Yes, speed bumps. Those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are good ideas.
M:（15）So you don’t think fining people is useful?
W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.
13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do?
原文中女士提到汽车生厂商应该对限制汽车引擎的功率负责， “limiting the power of their engines”，对应选项 C 的说法
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They follow traffic rules closely.
B、They keep within speed limits.
C、They like to go at high speed.
D、They tend to drive responsibly.
解析：
Conversation Two
W: Okay, Nelson. （12）So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you’d like to change?
M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump traffic lights, I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It’s very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W: （13）Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go, like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M: （14）Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?
W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive within their ability range. When you got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.
M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W: Possibly. They also have very good cars.
M: Right.
W: If you got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that. M: But still, with care.
W: So I think it’s the restrictions that create the dangers sometimes.
M: Okay.
W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.
M: Speed bumps.
W: Yes, speed bumps. Those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are good ideas.
M:（15）So you don’t think fining people is useful?
W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.
14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?
原文中提到尽管德国没有速度限制，但人们开车仍然很负责任， “People there do drive responsibly”，对应选项 D 中的“They tend to drive responsibly”（他们往往很负责地开车），故正确答案为 D。
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is a bad idea.
B、It is as effective as speed bumps.
C、It is not useful.
D、It should be combined with education.
解析：
Conversation Two
W: Okay, Nelson. （12）So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you’d like to change?
M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump traffic lights, I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It’s very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W: （13）Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go, like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M: （14）Right, but do you know there are no speed limits in Germany?
W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive within their ability range. When you got speed limits, this creates situations that actually present dangers on the road.
M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W: Possibly. They also have very good cars.
M: Right.
W: If you got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that. M: But still, with care.
W: So I think it’s the restrictions that create the dangers sometimes.
M: Okay.
W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.
M: Speed bumps.
W: Yes, speed bumps. Those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are good ideas.
M:（15）So you don’t think fining people is useful?
W: Not really, because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.
15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers?
原文中男士问女士是不是认为罚款没意义，女士说确实没太大意义，警察也没有那么多时间去监督每一个人，对应选项 C 中的“It is not useful”（没什么用），故正确答案为 C。
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The card got damaged.
B、The card was found invalid.
C、The card reader broke down unexpectedly.
D、The card reader failed to do the scanning.
解析：
Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. （16）The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic stripe. Azar tried again, and again. No luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.（17）He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success! The sale was completed. “I don’t know how it works. It just does.” said Mr. Azar who learned the trick from another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store’s card reader would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. （18）But it’s one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered, often out of desperation, and shared. “Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. In postwar Japan, the economy wasn’t doing so great, so you couldn’t get everyday-use items like household cleaners,” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for “clever lifestyle tips and tricks.” So people look for ways to do with what they had. Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some, like Mr.Azar’s plastic bag, are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.
16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?
原文中提到当 Sam 去刷他的卡的时候，店里的刷卡机未能读取卡的磁条，“card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic strip”，对应选项中的 D）The card reader failed to do the scanning（读卡机无法扫描），故正确答案为 D。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
B、By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
C、By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
D、By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
解析：
Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. （16）The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic stripe. Azar tried again, and again. No luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.（17）He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success! The sale was completed. “I don’t know how it works. It just does.” said Mr. Azar who learned the trick from another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store’s card reader would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. （18）But it’s one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered, often out of desperation, and shared. “Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. In postwar Japan, the economy wasn’t doing so great, so you couldn’t get everyday-use items like household cleaners,” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for “clever lifestyle tips and tricks.” So people look for ways to do with what they had. Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some, like Mr.Azar’s plastic bag, are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.
17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete the sale?
原文中提到多次尝试刷卡没有成功后，Sam 拿一层塑料裹在卡上试了一下就成功了，“wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card”，该内容和选项 B）By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic（用一层塑料覆盖信用卡），属于同义替换，故正确答案为 B。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.
B、Give birth to many new technological inventions.
C、Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
D、Affect the sales of high-tech appliances.
解析：
Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. （16）The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic stripe. Azar tried again, and again. No luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.（17）He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success! The sale was completed. “I don’t know how it works. It just does.” said Mr. Azar who learned the trick from another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store’s card reader would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. （18）But it’s one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered, often out of desperation, and shared. “Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. In postwar Japan, the economy wasn’t doing so great, so you couldn’t get everyday-use items like household cleaners,” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for “clever lifestyle tips and tricks.” So people look for ways to do with what they had. Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some, like Mr.Azar’s plastic bag, are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.
18. What is today’s shaky economy likely to do?
原文中提到当前的不稳定经济催生了更多这样的诀窍，“produce many more such tricks”，诀窍指上句话出现的“many low-tech fixes for high- tech failures”，即一些对于高科技故障的低技术含量的修复方法，对应选项A） Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures（发明更多低技术含量的修复方法），故正确答案为 A。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They vary among different departments.
B、They leave much room for improvement.
C、They are determined by the advising board.
D、They are set by the dean of the graduate school.
解析：
If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you‘re a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. （19）Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer.（20）In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. （21）Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you are near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.
19. What does the speaker say about the procedures for assigning academic advisers?
原文中提到不同的系分配导师给学生的程序都不一样，“Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students”，对应选项 A）They vary among different departments，故正确答案为 A。
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、By consulting the examining committee.
B、By reading the Bulletin of Information.
C、By visiting the university’s website.
D、By contacting the departmental office.
解析：
If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you‘re a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. （19）Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer.（20）In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. （21）Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you are near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.
20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisers are?
原文中提到研究生新生可以通过直接拜访或邮件方式到系办公室了解自己的导师的相关信息，“by visiting or emailing the departmental office”，对应选项D）By contacting the departmental office，两者属于同义替换， 故正确答案为 D。
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.
B、They specify the number of credits students must earn.
C、They have to be approved by the examining committee.
D、They are the same among various divisions of the university.
解析：
If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you‘re a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. （19）Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer.（20）In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. （21）Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you are near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.
21. What does the speaker say about graduation requirements?
本题为原文重现，上面一道题目的答案找到后，紧接着下一句就是这道题的答案，毕业要求详细说明了学生必须要获得的学生学分数，原文“Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn,” B选项内容和原文基本一致，故正确答案为 B。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Ph.D. candidates in dieting.
B、Students majoring in nutrition.
C、Students in health classes.
D、Middle and high school teachers.
解析：
Jody Harbert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. （22）She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. （23）Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only eight years old. Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. （24）She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. （25）Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.
22. Who does Jody Harbert primarily speak to?
原文中前面两句话提到 Jody Harbert 是一个营养饮食专家，她主要和健康课上的学生交谈，“speaks to students in health classes”，选项 C 的内容属于原文重现，故正确答案为 C。
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Its overemphasis on thinness.
B、Its changing criteria for beauty.
C、 Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
D、Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
解析：
Jody Harbert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. （22）She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. （23）Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only eight years old. Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. （24）She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. （25）Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.
23. What is Jody Harbert’s biggest concern about American culture?
原文中提到 Jody 的最大关注点在美国文化中对纤瘦的强调以及带来的负面影响，“the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today”，选项 A 属于对原文的重现，故正确答案为 A。
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
B、To explain how computer images can be misleading.
C、To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
D、To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
解析：
Jody Harbert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. （22）She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. （23）Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only eight years old. Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. （24）She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. （25）Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.
24. Why does Jody Harbert show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?
原文中提到 Jody 把图片展示给大家，并解释电脑把他们修得比现实生活中更瘦更漂亮，选项 B 为该内容的同义替换，be misleading 说明电脑修图误导大家，故正确答案为 B。
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
B、To establish an emotional connection with students.
C、To promote her own concept of beauty.
D、To persuade girls to stop dieting.
解析：
Jody Harbert is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. （22）She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. （23）Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways this affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only eight years old. Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. （24）She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. （25）Sometimes, Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.
25. What is Jody Harbert’s main purpose in giving her speeches?
解析：D。原文中提到Jody有时觉得自己成功劝服女生停止节食，有时又失败了，说明她的主要目的就在于劝女生不要节食，故正确答案为D。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children (26)_____ every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the “good old days”, and most older people do not feel (27)_____.
About 80 of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90 of them have (28)_____ contact with their children. About 75 of elderly parents who don’t go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.
However, (29)_____ having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be (30)_____, however, as ill health often makes older people more (31)_____ and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, (32)_____ spirits.
Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious (33)_____, they are likely to enjoy each other’s company. Disagreements on such matters can (34)_____ cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter’s divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, (35)_____ are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.
26、(1)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：
名词 chances（-s ）机会，可能 commitment承诺，委托 fulfillment履行，实行
动词 abandoned（-ed）抛弃 advanced（-ed）前进 dampens（-s）抑制 grant授予，准许 provide提供
形容词 biased有偏见的 distant遥远的 frequent频繁的 dependent依赖的 abandoned被抛弃的 advanced 高级的
副词 merely仅仅，只不过 understandably可理解地 unrealistically不现实地
26. provide
解析： 动词辨析题。空格前后都是名词，此处缺少谓语动词，主语是children，应填入动词原形。备选项有grant 和provide，而grant 是“授予、准许”，不合逻辑，所以选 provide。provide sth. for sb. 表示提供给某人某物，也可以说 provide sb. with sth.。很多成人子女像过去一样尽可能为父母提供关怀和支持。
27. abandoned
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是 feel，此处应填入表语成分的词，备选项有advanced、biased、abandoned、dependent、distant、frequent。因为很多孩子给予父母关怀和支持，老人不和孩子生活在一起并不觉得被抛弃被遗弃，选abandoned。
28. frequent
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前是have，空格后是名词contact，此处缺少形容词， 备选项有 advanced、biased、dependent、distant、frequent。填入 frequent， 老人和孩子保持频繁的联系。
29. merely
解析：副词辨析题。句子主干成分完整，不缺少成分，应填入副词，备选项有 merely、understandably、unrealistically。结合上下文语义，此处是说仅仅跟孩子保持联系不能保证晚年幸福，因此选 merely。
30. biased
解析：形容词辨析题，空格在系动词 be 之后，应填入形容词，备选项有advanced、biased、 dependent、distant。这项研究是片面的，因此选 biased。
31. dependent
解析： 形容词辨析题。 空格前是比较级， 应填入形容词， 备选项有advanced、 dependent、distant。根据上下文可知，疾病使得老人更加有依赖性从而使其与家庭成员的联系更频繁，因此选 dependent。
32. dampens
解析：动词辨析题。此处缺少谓语动词，主语是 poor health，应该用第三人称单数形式，备选项有 dampens。此句表示，不仅仅是家庭成员间的投入， 很有可能是不良的健康状况抑制情绪。同时联系上文，此处与上一句中 have the lowest spirits 意思相同，因此选 dampens。
33. commitment
解析： 名词辨析题。空格前是形容词，此处缺乏名词。备选项有chances、commitment、fulfillment。根据语义， 能够与 religious 搭配的是commitment，意为“宗教信仰”，因此选 commitment。
34. understandably
解析： 副词辨析题。句子主干成分完整， 缺少副词。 备选项有understandably、unrealistically。从语义来看，对于这些事情的分歧会引发父母与子女之间的问题，这也是可以理解的，因此选 understandably。
35. chances
解析： 名词辨析题。句子缺少主语，名词做主语。备选项有 chances、fulfillment。chances are that 是固定搭配，意思是“……是有可能的”，因此选 chances。
27、(2)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、grant
B、frequent
C、dampens
D、understandably
E、chances
F、merely
G、dependent
H、commitment
I、distant
J、abandoned
K、unrealistically
L、fulfillment
M、advanced
N、biased
O、provide
解析：见上一题！
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
intensive meat products, and the massive diversion ( 转 向) of U.S. grain to the
production of bio-fuel.
grain producers—China, India and the U.S.
36、36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
解析：36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
