一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、The International Labor Organization’s key objective.
B、The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
C、Rising unemployment worldwide.
D、Global economic recovery.
解析：
（1）The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. （2）The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.
However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs’ agreement to deal with unemployment. Its key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
解析：第一道题是主旨大意题，新闻题开头部分一般会直接给出新闻概要，而本道题第一句话就给出了这篇新闻的主旨。这句话重点在从句部分， the number of people without jobs is increasing 失业人数增加，对应选项中C项的 Rising unemployment，而这个国际组织international也暗示了是世界范围的失业人数。所以答案选C。
2、Question 2 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.
B、Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.
C、Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.
D、Many countries need support to improve their people’s livelihood.
解析：
2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?
解析：此题目为细节题，国际劳工组织总干事Juan Somavia说了什么？出题位置在文章转折处,原文:（2）The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have not done so.翻译为： 国际劳工组织总干事Juan Somavia指出：一些国家开始采取应对全球经济危机的措施，他也指出，然而很多国家并没有这么做。选项A：many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.许多国家并没有采取措施创造更多的就业机会。选项是原文的同义替换。本题目可以根据视听一致原则作出判断，选项A中关键词与原文出题句一致程度最高。因此，此题目正确选项为：A.
3、Question 3 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Serve standardized food nationwide.
B、Put calorie information on the menu.
C、Increase protein content in the food.
D、Offer convenient food to customers.
解析：
（3）Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first of its kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, we wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide.（4） Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.
3. What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule?
解析:本道题比较简单，属于原文重现，原文中提到 post calorie counts right on the menu，对应了选项中的B) Put calorie information on the menu，将卡路里信息写在菜单上。故答案为B。
4、Question 4 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、They will be fined.
B、They will be closed.
C、They will get a warning.
D、They will lose customers.
解析：
4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?
解析：看四个选项提到了they,那么问题很有可能和原文中多次提到的快餐连锁有关，原文最后一句话提到快餐连锁如不公布热量信息将会被处以2000美元的罚金，对应选项中的be fined“被罚款”这个信息，答案为A) They will be fined.
5、Question 5 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Inability to implement their business plans.
B、Inability to keep turning out novel products.
C、Lack of a successful business model of their own.
D、Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
解析：
（5） Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.
A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn’t mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. （6）The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that. It’s an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.
（7）The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.
5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?
解析： 本文中一直提到的词是innovation”创新”,文中第一句话就提到not many are able to integrate innovation into their business，没有多少公司能够将创新整合进自己的商业模式上，原文重现对应到我们的选项D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
6、Question 6 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、It is the secret to business success.
B、It is the creation of something new.
C、It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.
D、It is an essential part of business culture.
解析：
6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?
解析：原文中借article之口提出很多人对创新的看法是innovation just means creating something new 创新就是创造新东西，接着又提到说创新远不止这些。而题干问题是大部分人的观点，故选择和原文同义替换的一个表达B) It is the creation of something new. 作为正确答案。
7、Question 7 is based on the news report you have just heard.
A、Its hardworking employees.
B、Its flexible promotion strategy.
C、Its innovation culture.
D、Its willingness to make investments.
解析：
7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?
解析：本题作为一个举例信息在原文中被提到，原文直接说到一个名词叫做innovation culture创新文化，接着说use it as a primary tool for success 把它作为走向成功的主要方式。由此可知问题的答案应为C) Its innovation culture.
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He’s got addicted to technology.
B、He is not very good at socializing.
C、He is crazy about text-messaging.
D、He does not talk long on the phone.
解析：
M: So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?
W: Yeah, I text message a lot.
M: I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.
W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don’t really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so it’s much easier for me just to text message.（9） If I call them, I’ll have to have a long conversation.
M: Yeah, I can see what you mean.（8） But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I’m not a big talker.
W: Yeah, that’s true. You don’t talk a lot.
M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?
W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now I’m pretty fast. What about you?
M: Actually I have the opposite problem. （10）When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much, I've got slower actually.
W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what you have to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said?
M: What?
W: He said he’d never text message.（11）He thinks it’s very childish and unprofessional to text message.
M: Yeah, I can see what he means. It’s considered pretty informal to text message to someone.
8: What does the man say about himself?
解析：看选项中提到的选项是关于“he”的，所以重点去听关于男士的信息和选项对应的内容。原文中提到他不爱发短信，打电话也会很快挂掉电话，可知答案应选择一个同义替换的表达D)He does not talk long on the phone.
9、Question 9 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Talk big.
B、Talk at length.
C、Gossip a lot.
D、Forget herself.
解析：
9: What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?
解析：原文中提到女士说的一句话If I call them, I’ll have to have a long conversation. 由此可知，女士打电话的时间是很长的，故答案选择B) talk at length.
10、Question 10 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He thought it was cool.
B、He needed the practice.
C、He wanted to stay connected with them.
D、He had an urgent message to send.
解析：
10: Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?
解析：看选项重点去听男士的话，当听到 I thought it was so cool to text message 的时候就可以猜测问题是关于男士开始使用手机时的，可选出A) He thought it was cool.他认为发信息很酷。
11、Question 11 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It poses a challenge to seniors.
B、It saves both time and money.
C、It is childish and unprofessional.
D、It is cool and convenient.
解析：
11. What does the woman’s father think of text messaging?
解析： 本题原文重现，提到女士的父亲对发信息的观点，He thinks it’s very childish and unprofessional to text message.很幼稚和不专业，和选项C) It is childish and unprofessional.对应，最终确认问题选择C项。
12、Question 12 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He wants to change his job assignment.
B、He is unhappy with his department manager.
C、He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.
D、He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
解析：
Conversation Two
W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?
（12）M: Well, I’d like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.
W: What seems to be the problem?
（13）M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I’ve been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.
W: I'm sorry to hear that.
（13）M: And, on top of that, I’d specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I’d finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.
（14）W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don’t have such a lot of work to do.
（12）W: So you feel he’s really making unrealistic demands on you?
M: Yes, absolutely.
W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?
M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.
W:（15） Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that you’ve tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further. Make it clear that you’re just not a complainer. Why don’t you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?
M: Hmm, I’ve been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I’ll send him an email to request a meeting, and I’ll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.
W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.
12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
解析：对话第一个回合就提到男士要说关于他们经理的事情，也提到经理分配给他很多任务，由此可知其对他们经理有些不满意，故答案选B)He is unhappy with his department manager.
13、Question 13 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、His workload was much too heavy.
B、His immediate boss did not trust him.
C、His colleagues often refused to cooperate.
D、His salary was too low for his responsibility.
解析：
13. What is the man’s chief complaint?
解析：原文中也多次提到了男士关于其工作量的描述，全部是关于工作量太大的抱怨，所以可以总结出答案应该为A) His workload was much too heavy.
14、Question 14 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He never knows how to refuse.
B、He is always ready to help others.
C、His boss has a lot of trust in him.
D、His boss has no sense of fairness.
解析：
14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?
解析： 原文中关于男士对其工作量大的抱怨，回应说是出于信任，Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you. 原文内容和选项直接对应，故答案选C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.
15、Question 15 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Put all his complaints in writing.
B、Wait and see what happens next.
C、Learn to say no when necessary.
D、Talk to his boss in person first.
解析：
15. What did the woman advise the man to do?
解析：原文中关于男士的抱怨，女士提到一个表示建议的内容，Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. 这句话中的approached him directly 对应选项中的Talk to his boss in person，属于同义替换，故答案选D) Talk to his boss in person first.
16、Question 16 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
B、Reasons for Americans’ decline in sleep.
C、Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.
D、Diseases associated with lack of sleep.
解析：
（17）The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? （17）No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger.（16）New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights. “The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer.” says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. （18）People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.（16）Sleeping better may help fight off illness. “When people are sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function.” says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say good night sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.
16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
解析：主旨大意题，根据原文内容可以知道文章主讲的是睡眠的重要性。故答案选A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life。
17、Question 17 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They are more health-conscious.
B、They are changing their living habits.
C、They get less and less sleep.
D、They know the dangers of lack of sleep.
解析：
17. What do we learn from the talk about today’s Americans?
解析:文章开头部分提到了关于睡眠时间减少的趋势，接着说很多美国人的健康等受到了威胁，原文中的内容The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly对应选项中的They get less and less sleep, 故答案选C)。
18、Question 18 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Their weight will go down.
B、Their mind function will deteriorate.
C、Their work efficiency will decrease.
D、Their blood pressure will rise.
解析：
18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?
解析：原文中重现了选项中的信息，即缺少睡眠会使人血压升高，确认问题后可判断答案选D) Their blood pressure will rise。
19、Question 19 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、How much you can afford to pay.
B、What course you are going to choose.
C、Which university you are going to apply to.
D、When you are going to submit your application.
解析：
Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university. But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.（19）The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.（20）The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples. Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. （21） They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.
Q19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?
解析：第一道题直接原文重现，The first decision is your choice of course，和选项中的同义替换的表达对应，即答案B) What course you are going to choose
20、Question 20 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The list of courses studied.
B、The full record of scores.
C、The references from teachers.
D、The personal statement.
解析：
20. What is the most important part of the application?
解析：听力中的最高级的表达也要注意下，原文中提到申请最重要的部分是personal statement，故答案选D) The personal statement
21、Question 21 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Specify what they would like to do after graduation.
B、Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.
C、Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.
D、Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.
解析：
21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?
解析：本题选项中的C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject在原文中有重现They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject，原文中提到关于个人陈述的要求和注意事项。由此可以得出申请者在个人陈述中必须要做的事情是他们对于这个科目的想法和反思。
22、Question 22 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was equipped with rubber tyres.
B、It was built in the late 19th century.
C、It was purchased by the Royal family.
D、It was designed by an English engineer.
解析：
（22）It is usually agreed that a German Karl Benz built the first motor car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. （23）There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubber tires and number plates.（24） Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the motor car act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935. Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way – the Preston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not even the laborers who were building it. （25）The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and the legend of the transport cafe was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether it’s an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.
22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?
解析：原文开头提到了德国人卡尔·本茨在1885年制造了第一辆汽车，可知B项为正确答案。即B) It was built in the late 19th century.
23、Question 23 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They consumed lots of petrol.
B、They took two passengers only.
C、They were difficult to drive.
D、They often broke down.
解析：
23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?
解析：由原文可知，早期的汽车大多是容易坏的，所以每个人都要会修理车子。故答案选择D) They often broke down.
24、Question 24 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They were produced on the assembly line.
B、They were built with less costly materials.
C、They were modeled after British cars.
D、They were made for ordinary use.
解析：
24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?
解析：本题有原文重现的信息，Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. cheaper对应了问题中的cost less，made on 和 produced on 对应，故答案选A) They were produced on the assembly line.
25、Question 25 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It made news all over the world.
B、It was built for the Royal family.
C、It marked a new era in motor travel.
D、It attracted large numbers of motorists.
解析：
25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?
解析：原文中提到Preston Bypass是第一条高速路，开创了汽车出行的新时代，The bypass held a new era in motor travel， 与选项C)完全对应，属于原文重现的信息，故答案选C) It marked a new era in motor travel.
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, (26)_____ to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a (27)_____ of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic (28)_____, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, (29)_____ in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to (30)_____ on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. (31)_____ in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be (32)_____ exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood (33)_____ to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are (34)_____ to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve (35)_____ and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
26、(1)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：
attendance出席
consequently因此
current现在的，通用的
depressing压抑的
dropping落下（-ing）
essential基本的，必要的
feasible可行的
flow流动
mood情绪，心情
mutually互相地
particularly特别地
performance性能，表演
review复习，回顾
survive幸存，生还
tend趋向，倾向
26. tend动词辨析题。空格前是插入语，句子真正主语是children，空格后是介词to，此处缺少谓语动词，主语是children，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词应为原形，同时与to搭配，选tend，倾向于做某事。本句大意研究表明锻炼更多的孩子倾向于有获得更高的GPA,并且在考试中获得更高的分数。
27. review名词辨析题。空格前是不定冠词a，空格后是介词of，此处缺少名词。备选项中，只有review代入可以使句子通顺，在对14项研究的回顾中，译为回顾。
28. performance名词辨析题。空格前是and并列结构，and之前是一个名词短语physical activity，因此空格后缺少名词，可以跟academic搭配同时跟physical activity形成并列结构，带有“活动”之意，选 performance。
29. particularly副词辨析题。句子成分完整，缺少副词，研究者发现孩子们动的越多，在学校里取得的分数就越好，特别是在数学，英语，阅读这些基础学科方面。故填入particularly。
30. survive动词辨析题。空格前是to，struggle to do sth.，尽力做某事。对于体育活动的数据研究刺激了正在进行的争论：是否要由于学校徐需要减少预算以维持正常活动而取消体育课。选动词原形，备选项中，survive符合文章意思。survive on靠…生存。
31. dropping动词辨析题。with引导一个伴随状语，成分中缺少一个非谓语动词，选E。随着近年来美国标准化测试分数的降低，一些行政人员认为学生应该花更多时间在教室里而不是操场上。
32. mutually副词辨析题。空格位于系动词和形容词之间，应填入副词修饰形容词，前面是exercise和academics，运动和学习不应该是互相独立的。因此应为互相地。
33. flow动词辨析题。体育活动可以促进血液流到大脑，增强记忆力，注意力和创造力，故填入流动flow。
34. essential形容词辨析题。空格前是系动词are，空格后是to learning，此处缺少形容词，对学习是必要的，选essential。
35. mood名词辨析题。动词后缺少名词，空格后是减轻压力，并且由and连接，空格前应与压力有并列关系，因此选mood。活动可以释放能够改善情绪和缓解压力的荷尔蒙，这些也可以帮助学习。
27、(2)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、depressing
B、tend
C、performance
D、particularly
E、essential
F、consequently
G、mutually
H、current
I、feasible
J、survive
K、attendance
L、review
M、flow
N、dropping
O、mood
解析：见上一题！
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
【A】When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
【B】Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
【C】I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
【D】The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
【E】“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?
【F】In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
【G】But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
【H】An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
【I】Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.
【J】As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
【K】Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”
【L】Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
【M】We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
【N】The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36、36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
解析：36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.
