一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He was enjoying his holiday.
B、He was recovering in hospital.
C、He was busy writing his essays.
D、He was fighting a throat infection.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Hi, David, I haven’t seen you in class for almost two weeks. (1) [We thought you had disappeared on holiday earlier or something.]
M: Hi Sarah. Well, it’s a bit of a long story, I’m afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasn’t getting any better.
W: Oh, yeah. There’ve been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks.
M: And, (2) [on the way back from the hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell] and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought I’d broken my wrist. Although thankfully it’s not broken. But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks.
W: Oh, that’s too bad. How unfortunate.
M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So, I was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken, too.
W: Now what a complete catastrophe! Is the laptop still under warranty? If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer and they’ll send you a brand-new one for free, surely.
M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to hand them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.
W: Listen, (3) [I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home.] My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. (3) [Let’s go back to my house and we can call the repair shop,] and (4) [you could have some tea and cookies, too.]
M: Wow. Thanks, Sarah. That would be great. Let me just call my mom and let her know I’ll be home a little bit later.
1. What did Sarah think David was doing for the last two weeks? （莎拉认为大卫这两周在做什么？）
解析：A。在录音一开头女士就说，已经快两周没在课堂上见到男士了，还以为男士提前度假或是什么的了（had disappeared on holiday early or something）。A项与此内容相符，enjoying his holiday对应录音中的on holiday earlier，因此选A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的hospital、C项利用录音中的essays、D项利用录音中的a throat infection进行干扰，但这都是录音中男士谈到的细节，故均可排除。做题时一定要注意听清问题，问的是女士认为男士在干什么，并不是男士实际在干什么。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He broke his wrist.
B、He lost his antibiotics.
C、He slipped on ice and fell.
D、He was laughed at by some girls.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Hi, David, I haven’t seen you in class for almost two weeks. (1) [We thought you had disappeared on holiday earlier or something.]
M: Hi Sarah. Well, it’s a bit of a long story, I’m afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasn’t getting any better.
W: Oh, yeah. There’ve been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks.
M: And, (2) [on the way back from the hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell] and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought I’d broken my wrist. Although thankfully it’s not broken. But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks.
W: Oh, that’s too bad. How unfortunate.
M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So, I was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken, too.
W: Now what a complete catastrophe! Is the laptop still under warranty? If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer and they’ll send you a brand-new one for free, surely.
M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to hand them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.
W: Listen, (3) [I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home.] My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. (3) [Let’s go back to my house and we can call the repair shop,] and (4) [you could have some tea and cookies, too.]
M: Wow. Thanks, Sarah. That would be great. Let me just call my mom and let her know I’ll be home a little bit later.
2. What happened to David on his way back from the hospital?（大卫在从医院回来的路上发生了什么？）
解析：C。录音中男士提到，从医院回来的路上，在冰上滑倒了（slipped on some ice and fell）。C项与此内容相符，几乎全部原词复现，因此C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士确实提到，原以为手腕骨折（I basically thought I’d broken my wrist）就去拍了X光片，但后面接着说并没有骨折（it’s not broken），A项与此相悖，故排除。B项利用录音中的antibiotics进行干扰，但录音中是说男士喉咙发炎，不见好转，就去医院拿一些抗生素，并不是他把抗生素弄丢了，故B项排除。D项利用录音中的girls进行干扰，但录音中是说男士在四个九年级女孩面前摔倒，并没有说遭到女孩的嘲笑，故D项排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Turn to her father for help.
B、Call the repair shop to fix it.
C、Ask the manufacturer for repairs.
D、Replace it with a brand-new one.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Hi, David, I haven’t seen you in class for almost two weeks. (1) [We thought you had disappeared on holiday earlier or something.]
M: Hi Sarah. Well, it’s a bit of a long story, I’m afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasn’t getting any better.
W: Oh, yeah. There’ve been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks.
M: And, (2) [on the way back from the hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell] and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought I’d broken my wrist. Although thankfully it’s not broken. But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks.
W: Oh, that’s too bad. How unfortunate.
M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So, I was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken, too.
W: Now what a complete catastrophe! Is the laptop still under warranty? If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer and they’ll send you a brand-new one for free, surely.
M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to hand them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.
W: Listen, (3) [I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home.] My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. (3) [Let’s go back to my house and we can call the repair shop,] and (4) [you could have some tea and cookies, too.]
M: Wow. Thanks, Sarah. That would be great. Let me just call my mom and let her know I’ll be home a little bit later.
3. What does Sarah say they should do with the damaged computer?（莎拉说他们应该怎么处理损坏的电脑？）
解析：B。录音中女士提到，她有一家非常好且价格实惠的电脑修理店的电话，可以去她家，然后打电话给修理店。B项与此内容相符，其中Call the repair shop原词复现，因此选B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中女士提到的my dad进行干扰，但女士说她父亲用过那个人，并不是要向她父亲求助，故A项排除。C、D两项分别利用录音中的manufacturer和a brand-new one进行干扰，但录音中是说如果在保修期的话，可以寄给生产厂家，他们会给换一个新的，但男士说保修期已经过了，故C、D项均可排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Help David retrieve his essays.
B、Introduce David to her parents.
C、Offer David some refreshments.
D、Accompany David to his home.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
W: Hi, David, I haven’t seen you in class for almost two weeks. (1) [We thought you had disappeared on holiday earlier or something.]
M: Hi Sarah. Well, it’s a bit of a long story, I’m afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasn’t getting any better.
W: Oh, yeah. There’ve been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks.
M: And, (2) [on the way back from the hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell] and then had to go to the hospital to get an x-ray because I basically thought I’d broken my wrist. Although thankfully it’s not broken. But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks.
W: Oh, that’s too bad. How unfortunate.
M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So, I was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken, too.
W: Now what a complete catastrophe! Is the laptop still under warranty? If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer and they’ll send you a brand-new one for free, surely.
M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there and I need to hand them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.
W: Listen, (3) [I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home.] My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. (3) [Let’s go back to my house and we can call the repair shop,] and (4) [you could have some tea and cookies, too.]
M: Wow. Thanks, Sarah. That would be great. Let me just call my mom and let her know I’ll be home a little bit later.
4. What does Sarah say she is going to do?（莎拉说她要干什么？）
解析：C。在录音后面莎拉提到，可以去她家，给修理工打个电话，然后喝些茶、吃些饼干。C项符合题意，其中refreshments是对some tea and cookies的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到essays，但女士并没有说要帮男士找回论文，A项的retrieve在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中女士提议男士去她家是打电话给修理工，并不是要把他介绍给父母，故B项排除。录音中男士说打电话给他妈妈说晚点儿回家，并不是女士要陪男士回家，故D项排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She is a critic of works on military affairs.
B、She is an acclaimed hostess of Book Talk.
C、She is a researcher of literary genres.
D、She is a historian of military history.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Welcome to this week’s episode of Book Talk. (5) [With me today is Heidi Brown, a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history.]
W: Thanks for having me, John. I’m so excited to talk about my latest book, which was published last month.
M: So this book is a novel, your first attempt at that genre. And that’s a bit of a departure for you.
W: (6) [I’d say it’s a major departure as it’s not just a work of fiction. It’s set 200 years in the future.]
M: Right. So how did that happen? You spent three decades writing about the past and focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. And now you’re speculating about the future.
W: Well, after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives during battle, I just started wondering about other facets of their lives, especially their personal lives.
M: I can see that. Your novel is about soldiers, but it focuses on their relationships, especially the bonds between sons and mothers, and men and their wives.
W: Yes. (7) [That focus came about when I still intended to write another book of history. I started by researching soldiers’ actual personal lives, studying their letters home.]
M: So how did that history book become a novel?
W: Well, I realized that the historical record was incomplete, so I’d either have to leave a lot of gaps or make a lot more assumptions than a historian should.
M: But why write a novel set in the future, when your credentials are perfect for a historical novel? As a historian, any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility.
W: (8) [I felt too constrained working with the past. Like what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction.] But writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent.
M: Well, having read your book, I’m glad you made that choice to move into fiction.
5. What does the man say about the woman? （关于女士，男士说了什么？）
解析：D。在录音开头男士提到，今天和他一起的是海蒂·布朗，她是一位历史学家（historian），写了五本关于军事史的书（books about military history）。D项与此内容相符，其中的historian和military history原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的military进行干扰，但critic在录音中无依据，故排除。B项利用录音中的acclaimed和Book Talk进行干扰，但由录音可知，男士是Book Talk的主持人，女士是一位历史学家，写了五本广受好评的（acclaimed）书，B项细节拼凑，故排除。C项利用录音中的genre和researching进行干扰，但录音中男士是说那本小说是女士在这一类型（genre）中的第一次尝试，女士提到她对士兵进行过多年研究（researching），C项细节拼凑，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It is about the military history of Europe.
B、It is set in the 18th and 19th centuries.
C、It is her fifth book of military history.
D、It is a war novel set in the future.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Welcome to this week’s episode of Book Talk. (5) [With me today is Heidi Brown, a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history.]
W: Thanks for having me, John. I’m so excited to talk about my latest book, which was published last month.
M: So this book is a novel, your first attempt at that genre. And that’s a bit of a departure for you.
W: (6) [I’d say it’s a major departure as it’s not just a work of fiction. It’s set 200 years in the future.]
M: Right. So how did that happen? You spent three decades writing about the past and focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. And now you’re speculating about the future.
W: Well, after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives during battle, I just started wondering about other facets of their lives, especially their personal lives.
M: I can see that. Your novel is about soldiers, but it focuses on their relationships, especially the bonds between sons and mothers, and men and their wives.
W: Yes. (7) [That focus came about when I still intended to write another book of history. I started by researching soldiers’ actual personal lives, studying their letters home.]
M: So how did that history book become a novel?
W: Well, I realized that the historical record was incomplete, so I’d either have to leave a lot of gaps or make a lot more assumptions than a historian should.
M: But why write a novel set in the future, when your credentials are perfect for a historical novel? As a historian, any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility.
W: (8) [I felt too constrained working with the past. Like what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction.] But writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent.
M: Well, having read your book, I’m glad you made that choice to move into fiction.
6. What does the woman say about her newly published book?（关于她新出版的书，女士说了什么？）
解析：D。录音中女士说，她的新书背景设定在200年后，后面男士又提到女士的小说是关于士兵的，由此可知小说是一本描述未来的战争小说，D项符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的military history进行干扰，但Europe在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中男士提到，女士花了三十年的时间写过去，主要集中在18和19世纪，并不是说小说背景是18和19世纪，故B项排除。录音中男士说，女士写了五本关于军事史的书，并不是说她的新书就是第五本，故C项排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She visited soldiers’ wives and mothers.
B、She conducted surveys of many soldiers.
C、She met a large number of soldiers in person.
D、She looked into the personal lives of soldiers.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Welcome to this week’s episode of Book Talk. (5) [With me today is Heidi Brown, a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history.]
W: Thanks for having me, John. I’m so excited to talk about my latest book, which was published last month.
M: So this book is a novel, your first attempt at that genre. And that’s a bit of a departure for you.
W: (6) [I’d say it’s a major departure as it’s not just a work of fiction. It’s set 200 years in the future.]
M: Right. So how did that happen? You spent three decades writing about the past and focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. And now you’re speculating about the future.
W: Well, after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives during battle, I just started wondering about other facets of their lives, especially their personal lives.
M: I can see that. Your novel is about soldiers, but it focuses on their relationships, especially the bonds between sons and mothers, and men and their wives.
W: Yes. (7) [That focus came about when I still intended to write another book of history. I started by researching soldiers’ actual personal lives, studying their letters home.]
M: So how did that history book become a novel?
W: Well, I realized that the historical record was incomplete, so I’d either have to leave a lot of gaps or make a lot more assumptions than a historian should.
M: But why write a novel set in the future, when your credentials are perfect for a historical novel? As a historian, any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility.
W: (8) [I felt too constrained working with the past. Like what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction.] But writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent.
M: Well, having read your book, I’m glad you made that choice to move into fiction.
7. What did the woman do before writing her new book? （女士在写新书之前做了什么？）
解析：D。在录音中女士提到，她打算写另一本有感历史的书（another book of history），从调查士兵们的实际生活开始（started by researching soldiers’ actual personal lives），从后面录音可知，女士说的another book of history就是她后来的新书（new book）。D项与此内容相符，其中looked into是录音中researching的同义替换，the personal lives of soldiers是录音中soldiers’ actual personal lives的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的mothers和wives进行干扰，但录音中是说小说主要是关于士兵的关系，尤其是母子关系和夫妻关系，并不是说女士对士兵的母亲和妻子进行了访问，故A项排除。B项的conducted surveys、C项的met a large number of soldiers in person在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She doesn’t have much freedom for imagination.
B、It is not easy to make her readers believe in her.
C、It is difficult to attract young readers.
D、She has to combine fact with fiction.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Welcome to this week’s episode of Book Talk. (5) [With me today is Heidi Brown, a historian who has written five critically acclaimed books about military history.]
W: Thanks for having me, John. I’m so excited to talk about my latest book, which was published last month.
M: So this book is a novel, your first attempt at that genre. And that’s a bit of a departure for you.
W: (6) [I’d say it’s a major departure as it’s not just a work of fiction. It’s set 200 years in the future.]
M: Right. So how did that happen? You spent three decades writing about the past and focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. And now you’re speculating about the future.
W: Well, after years of researching soldiers and chronicling their lives during battle, I just started wondering about other facets of their lives, especially their personal lives.
M: I can see that. Your novel is about soldiers, but it focuses on their relationships, especially the bonds between sons and mothers, and men and their wives.
W: Yes. (7) [That focus came about when I still intended to write another book of history. I started by researching soldiers’ actual personal lives, studying their letters home.]
M: So how did that history book become a novel?
W: Well, I realized that the historical record was incomplete, so I’d either have to leave a lot of gaps or make a lot more assumptions than a historian should.
M: But why write a novel set in the future, when your credentials are perfect for a historical novel? As a historian, any historical novel you write would have a lot of credibility.
W: (8) [I felt too constrained working with the past. Like what I wrote needed to be fact as opposed to fiction.] But writing about the future gave me more freedom to imagine, to invent.
M: Well, having read your book, I’m glad you made that choice to move into fiction.
8. What does the woman say about her writing history books?（关于她写的历史书，女士说了什么？）
解析：A。在录音中女士说到，和过去打交道限制太多，就像她写的东西必须是事实，不能虚构，由此可知，女士的历史书都是基于事实的，没有自由想象的空间，A项符合题意，为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中男士说女士作为历史学家，她写的历史小说有很大的可信度，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项的attract young readers在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中女士说和过去打交道限制太多，就像她写的东西必须是事实，不能虚构，也就是说她之前写的历史书都是事实，没有虚构，D项与此内容相悖，故排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Santa Claus.
B、Cocoa seeds.
C、A polar bear.
D、A glass bottle.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Whether it’s in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus, (9) [there’s one thing you’ll find in nearly all ads for Coca-Cola: the characteristic glass bottle.]
Most Americans don’t drink soda out of the glass bottles seen in Coke’s ads anymore. But this week, the company is celebrating a century of the bottle that’s been sold in more than 200 countries.
Flash back to 1915, when a bottle of Coca-Cola cost just a nickel. (10) [As the soft drink gained in popularity, it faced a growing number of competitors—counterfeits, even trying to copy Coke’s logo. So according to Coca-Cola historian Ted Ryan, the company decided to come up with packaging that couldn’t be duplicated.]
A product request was sent to eight different glass makers. Workers at the Root Glass Company got the request and began flipping through the encyclopedia at the local library, landing on cocoa seed.
Though cocoa seed is not an ingredient of the soda, (11) [they designed their bottle based on the seed’s shape and large middle.] It won over Coke executives in Atlanta and would go on to receive its own trademark, spur collections and earn Coca-Cola an iconic image that made it part of American culture for a century.
It was 100 years ago this week that the bottle earned a patent. By World War II, Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions. Americans mostly consume Coke out of aluminum or plastic today, but the glass bottle remains a symbol of America that’s readily recognized around the world.
9. What does the passage say appears in almost all ads for Coca-Cola?（这篇文章说在可口可乐几乎所有的广告中出现了什么？）
解析：D。录音开头提到，在几乎所有的可口可乐广告中，无论是在卡通北极熊还是圣诞老人的手中，都能发现一样东西：独特的玻璃瓶（glass bottle）。D项与此内容相符，glass bottle原词复现，因此D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A、B、C三项分别利用录音中的Santa Claus、cocoa seeds和polar bears进行干扰，但录音中是说无论是在卡通北极熊还是圣诞老人的手中，都有一个玻璃瓶，后面还提到瓶子的形状是按可可籽的形状设计的，并不是广告中都会有圣诞老人、可可籽和北极熊，故A、B、C三项均可排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、To attract customer attention.
B、To keep up with the times.
C、To combat counterfeits.
D、To promote its sales.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Whether it’s in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus, (9) [there’s one thing you’ll find in nearly all ads for Coca-Cola: the characteristic glass bottle.]
Most Americans don’t drink soda out of the glass bottles seen in Coke’s ads anymore. But this week, the company is celebrating a century of the bottle that’s been sold in more than 200 countries.
Flash back to 1915, when a bottle of Coca-Cola cost just a nickel. (10) [As the soft drink gained in popularity, it faced a growing number of competitors—counterfeits, even trying to copy Coke’s logo. So according to Coca-Cola historian Ted Ryan, the company decided to come up with packaging that couldn’t be duplicated.]
A product request was sent to eight different glass makers. Workers at the Root Glass Company got the request and began flipping through the encyclopedia at the local library, landing on cocoa seed.
Though cocoa seed is not an ingredient of the soda, (11) [they designed their bottle based on the seed’s shape and large middle.] It won over Coke executives in Atlanta and would go on to receive its own trademark, spur collections and earn Coca-Cola an iconic image that made it part of American culture for a century.
It was 100 years ago this week that the bottle earned a patent. By World War II, Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions. Americans mostly consume Coke out of aluminum or plastic today, but the glass bottle remains a symbol of America that’s readily recognized around the world.
10. Why did the Coca-Cola company decide to have special packaging designed?（为什么可口可乐公司决定设计特殊的包装？）
解析：C。录音中提到，可口可乐越来越受欢迎后，面临着越来越多的竞争对手，或者说仿冒品，甚至试图复制可口可乐的标志。而根据可口可乐历史学家泰德·瑞恩的说法，可口可乐公司因此决定推出一种不可复制的包装。也就是说，可口可乐公司设计特殊包装是为了使其他厂家无法仿制，C项与此内容相符，其中combat对应录音中的couldn’t be duplicated，counterfeits原词复现，因此选C。
错项排除：A项的customer attention、B项的keep up with the times和D项的promote its sales在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It resembles a picture in the encyclopedia.
B、It appears in the shape of a cocoa seed.
C、It has the drink’s logo in the middle.
D、It displays the image of Santa Claus.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Whether it’s in the hands of animated polar bears or Santa Claus, (9) [there’s one thing you’ll find in nearly all ads for Coca-Cola: the characteristic glass bottle.]
Most Americans don’t drink soda out of the glass bottles seen in Coke’s ads anymore. But this week, the company is celebrating a century of the bottle that’s been sold in more than 200 countries.
Flash back to 1915, when a bottle of Coca-Cola cost just a nickel. (10) [As the soft drink gained in popularity, it faced a growing number of competitors—counterfeits, even trying to copy Coke’s logo. So according to Coca-Cola historian Ted Ryan, the company decided to come up with packaging that couldn’t be duplicated.]
A product request was sent to eight different glass makers. Workers at the Root Glass Company got the request and began flipping through the encyclopedia at the local library, landing on cocoa seed.
Though cocoa seed is not an ingredient of the soda, (11) [they designed their bottle based on the seed’s shape and large middle.] It won over Coke executives in Atlanta and would go on to receive its own trademark, spur collections and earn Coca-Cola an iconic image that made it part of American culture for a century.
It was 100 years ago this week that the bottle earned a patent. By World War II, Coke bottle sales had ballooned into billions. Americans mostly consume Coke out of aluminum or plastic today, but the glass bottle remains a symbol of America that’s readily recognized around the world.
11. What do we learn about the Coca-Cola bottle designed by the Root Glass Company? （对于鲁特玻璃公司设计的可口可乐瓶，我们可以知道什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到，鲁特玻璃公司的员工根据可可籽的形状及其中间大的外形设计了瓶子。B项内容符合题意，其中the shape of a cocoa seed是录音中the seed’s shape的同义替换，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的encyclopedia进行干扰，但录音中是说鲁特玻璃公司的员工去图书馆翻阅百科全书，并不是说可口可乐的瓶子像里面的一张图片，故A项排除。录音中提到，根据可可籽的形状及其中间大（large middle）的外形设计了瓶子，并不是瓶子中间有饮料的标志，故C项排除。D项利用录音中的Santa Claus进行干扰，但录音中是说可口可乐的广告中有圣诞老人，并不是可口可乐的瓶子上有，故D项排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It often occurs among commuters.
B、It promotes mutual understanding.
C、It improves their mood considerably.
D、It takes a great deal of effort to sustain.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [Research shows that a few moments of conversation with a stranger creates a measurable improvement in mood.] But most of us are reluctant to start these conversations because we presume the opposite. In an experiment, commuters who talked to nearby strangers found their commute more enjoyable than those who didn’t. They were asked to predict whether they’d enjoy the commute more if they conversed with other people. Intriguingly, most expected the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable. Why is this? (13) [Social anxiety appears to be the problem. People’s reluctance to start conversations with nearby strangers comes partly from “underestimating others’ interest in connecting”.]
The sad thing is that people presume that a nearby stranger doesn’t want to converse and don’t start a conversation. Only those who forced themselves to chat because it was required by the experiment found out what a pleasant experience it could be. Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the impact of social interactions may not, in some context, be social enough for their own wellbeing. You should be chatting with the strangers you encounter. You may occasionally have a negative encounter that might stick in your memory. (14) [This is because the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events.] But starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection.
It may surprise you that conversing with strangers will make them happier, too. (15) [The pleasure of connection seems contagious.] People who’re talked to have equally positive experiences as those who initiate a conversation.
12. What does research show about a conversation between strangers?（关于陌生人之间的对话，研究表明了什么？）
解析：C。录音开头提到，研究表明，与陌生人交谈几分钟，心情就会明显改善。C项与此内容相符，其中的improves their mood considerably是录音中a measurable improvement in mood的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的commuters进行干扰，但通勤者只是一项实验中的对象，并不是说陌生人之间的对话通常发生在通勤者之中，故A项排除。B项中的mutual understanding在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中虽然提到大多数人都不愿与陌生人交谈，但并不是说维持这样的交谈需要很大的努力，D项语义理解偏差，故排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Social anxiety.
B、Excessive caution.
C、Lack of social skills.
D、Preference for solitude.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [Research shows that a few moments of conversation with a stranger creates a measurable improvement in mood.] But most of us are reluctant to start these conversations because we presume the opposite. In an experiment, commuters who talked to nearby strangers found their commute more enjoyable than those who didn’t. They were asked to predict whether they’d enjoy the commute more if they conversed with other people. Intriguingly, most expected the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable. Why is this? (13) [Social anxiety appears to be the problem. People’s reluctance to start conversations with nearby strangers comes partly from “underestimating others’ interest in connecting”.]
The sad thing is that people presume that a nearby stranger doesn’t want to converse and don’t start a conversation. Only those who forced themselves to chat because it was required by the experiment found out what a pleasant experience it could be. Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the impact of social interactions may not, in some context, be social enough for their own wellbeing. You should be chatting with the strangers you encounter. You may occasionally have a negative encounter that might stick in your memory. (14) [This is because the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events.] But starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection.
It may surprise you that conversing with strangers will make them happier, too. (15) [The pleasure of connection seems contagious.] People who’re talked to have equally positive experiences as those who initiate a conversation.
13. What prevents people from starting a conversation with strangers?（是什么阻止人们开始与陌生人交谈？）
解析：A。录音中提到一个设问句：这（this）是为什么呢？根据前面的录音可知，this指的就是人们不愿意与陌生人交谈这一情况，而后面紧接着给出答案：社交焦虑似乎是问题所在。A项原词复现，符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项Excessive caution、C项的social skills在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中出现的solitary进行干扰，但录音中是针对人们通勤中的体验，大多数人认为越孤独的体验越愉快，并没有说偏好独处会阻止人们与陌生人交谈，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、People usually regard it as an unforgettable lesson.
B、Human brains tend to dwell on negative events.
C、Negative events often hurt people deeply.
D、People generally resent being rejected.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [Research shows that a few moments of conversation with a stranger creates a measurable improvement in mood.] But most of us are reluctant to start these conversations because we presume the opposite. In an experiment, commuters who talked to nearby strangers found their commute more enjoyable than those who didn’t. They were asked to predict whether they’d enjoy the commute more if they conversed with other people. Intriguingly, most expected the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable. Why is this? (13) [Social anxiety appears to be the problem. People’s reluctance to start conversations with nearby strangers comes partly from “underestimating others’ interest in connecting”.]
The sad thing is that people presume that a nearby stranger doesn’t want to converse and don’t start a conversation. Only those who forced themselves to chat because it was required by the experiment found out what a pleasant experience it could be. Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the impact of social interactions may not, in some context, be social enough for their own wellbeing. You should be chatting with the strangers you encounter. You may occasionally have a negative encounter that might stick in your memory. (14) [This is because the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events.] But starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection.
It may surprise you that conversing with strangers will make them happier, too. (15) [The pleasure of connection seems contagious.] People who’re talked to have equally positive experiences as those who initiate a conversation.
14. Why does a negative encounter with strangers stick in one’s memory? （为什么与陌生人的消极邂逅会留在人的记忆中？）
解析：B。录音中提到，遇到的一些消极遭遇可能会留在你的记忆中，这是因为人类大脑偏向于沉溺在负面事件中。B项与此内容相符，其中dwell on negative events原词复现，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的unforgettable lesson和C项的hurt people deeply在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的rejection进行干扰，但录音中是说与陌生人开始交谈即使被拒绝，仍然值得冒这个风险，并不是人们对于被拒绝心怀不满，故D项排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Contagious.
B、Temporary.
C、Unpredictable.
D、Measurable.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [Research shows that a few moments of conversation with a stranger creates a measurable improvement in mood.] But most of us are reluctant to start these conversations because we presume the opposite. In an experiment, commuters who talked to nearby strangers found their commute more enjoyable than those who didn’t. They were asked to predict whether they’d enjoy the commute more if they conversed with other people. Intriguingly, most expected the more solitary experience to be more pleasurable. Why is this? (13) [Social anxiety appears to be the problem. People’s reluctance to start conversations with nearby strangers comes partly from “underestimating others’ interest in connecting”.]
The sad thing is that people presume that a nearby stranger doesn’t want to converse and don’t start a conversation. Only those who forced themselves to chat because it was required by the experiment found out what a pleasant experience it could be. Human beings are social animals. Those who misunderstand the impact of social interactions may not, in some context, be social enough for their own wellbeing. You should be chatting with the strangers you encounter. You may occasionally have a negative encounter that might stick in your memory. (14) [This is because the human brain is biased to dwell on negative events.] But starting conversations with strangers is still well worth the risk of rejection.
It may surprise you that conversing with strangers will make them happier, too. (15) [The pleasure of connection seems contagious.] People who’re talked to have equally positive experiences as those who initiate a conversation.
15. What does the passage say the pleasure of connection seems to be?（这篇文章说联系的乐趣看起来如何？）
解析：A。录音中提到，与人链接的快乐（The pleasure of connection）似乎具有传染性。A项原词复现，为正确答案。
错项排除：B、C项在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的measurable进行干扰，但录音说的是与陌生人交谈心情就会明显改善，并不是与人链接的乐趣很明显，故D项排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It depends heavily on tourism.
B、It is flourishing in foreign trade.
C、It is mainly based on agriculture.
D、It relies chiefly on mineral export.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
The Caribbean islands are divided into two worlds, a rich one, and a poor one. (16) [This tropical region’s economy is based mainly on farming.] Farmers are of two types. One is the plantation owner who may have hundreds of thousands of acres. In contrast, this small cultivator is working only a few acres of land.
Most visitors to the Caribbean are rich. Like the plantation owner, they do not realize or do not want to realize that many farm families barely managed to get by on what they grow. The Caribbean produces many things. (17) [Sugar is the main product.] Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas, spices, and citrus fruits, such as orange, lemon or grapefruit.
From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch and many forest products. Jamaica’s aluminum ore supplies are the world’s largest. Oil comes from Trinidad, Aruba and Curacao, but for many of the smaller islands, sugar is the only export.
Rum, a strong alcoholic drink, which is distilled from sugar cane, is also an export. The world’s best rum comes from this area. Local kinds vary from the light rums of Puerto Rico to the heavier, darker rums of Barbados and Jamaica. American tourists enjoy stocking up on inexpensive high-quality Caribbean rum while they’re on vacation. In Curacao, the well-known liquor of that name is made from the thick, outer skin of a native orange.
Ever since America’s colonial days, the Caribbean islands have been favorite places to visit. Since World War II, tourism has increased rapidly because great numbers of people go there. The islanders have built elaborate resorts, developed harbors and airfields, improved beaches and have expanded sea and air routes. Everything is at the resort—hotel, beach, shopping and recreation. The vacationer never has any reason to explore the island.
As in most places, those who have money live well, indeed; those who don’t have money live at various levels of poverty. But here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy. A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses at the seaside or in the countryside. Their servants might include a cook, a maid and a nurse for the children.
(18) [Most of the people live well below the poverty level.] In towns, they live crowded together in tiny houses. Islanders make the best they can of what they have. Their homes are quite shabby. Sadly, most tourists never see the side of the Caribbean.
16. What does the speaker say about the economy of the Caribbean islands? （关于加勒比群岛的经济，讲话者说了什么？）
解析：C。录音开头说到，这个热带地区的经济主要以农业为基础（based mainly on farming）。C项符合题意，其中agriculture是farming的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到了二战后，加勒比群岛旅游业迅速发展，但并没有说其经济主要依赖旅游业，故A项排除。录音中虽然提到了加勒比群岛的出口产品，但B项的flourishing在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中的mineral和export进行干扰，但录音中并没有说经济主要依靠矿物出口，故D项排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Tobacco.
B、Bananas.
C、Coffee.
D、Sugar.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
The Caribbean islands are divided into two worlds, a rich one, and a poor one. (16) [This tropical region’s economy is based mainly on farming.] Farmers are of two types. One is the plantation owner who may have hundreds of thousands of acres. In contrast, this small cultivator is working only a few acres of land.
Most visitors to the Caribbean are rich. Like the plantation owner, they do not realize or do not want to realize that many farm families barely managed to get by on what they grow. The Caribbean produces many things. (17) [Sugar is the main product.] Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas, spices, and citrus fruits, such as orange, lemon or grapefruit.
From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch and many forest products. Jamaica’s aluminum ore supplies are the world’s largest. Oil comes from Trinidad, Aruba and Curacao, but for many of the smaller islands, sugar is the only export.
Rum, a strong alcoholic drink, which is distilled from sugar cane, is also an export. The world’s best rum comes from this area. Local kinds vary from the light rums of Puerto Rico to the heavier, darker rums of Barbados and Jamaica. American tourists enjoy stocking up on inexpensive high-quality Caribbean rum while they’re on vacation. In Curacao, the well-known liquor of that name is made from the thick, outer skin of a native orange.
Ever since America’s colonial days, the Caribbean islands have been favorite places to visit. Since World War II, tourism has increased rapidly because great numbers of people go there. The islanders have built elaborate resorts, developed harbors and airfields, improved beaches and have expanded sea and air routes. Everything is at the resort—hotel, beach, shopping and recreation. The vacationer never has any reason to explore the island.
As in most places, those who have money live well, indeed; those who don’t have money live at various levels of poverty. But here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy. A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses at the seaside or in the countryside. Their servants might include a cook, a maid and a nurse for the children.
(18) [Most of the people live well below the poverty level.] In towns, they live crowded together in tiny houses. Islanders make the best they can of what they have. Their homes are quite shabby. Sadly, most tourists never see the side of the Caribbean.
17. What is the main product of the Caribbean islands? （加勒比群岛的主要产品是什么？）
解析：D。录音中提到，糖是主要产品（Sugar is the main product）。因此D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到，其他作物还包括烟草、咖啡、香蕉等，但这些都不是主要产品，故A、B、C三项均可排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They toil on farms.
B、They live a poor life.
C、They live in Spanish-style houses.
D、They hire people to do housework.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
The Caribbean islands are divided into two worlds, a rich one, and a poor one. (16) [This tropical region’s economy is based mainly on farming.] Farmers are of two types. One is the plantation owner who may have hundreds of thousands of acres. In contrast, this small cultivator is working only a few acres of land.
Most visitors to the Caribbean are rich. Like the plantation owner, they do not realize or do not want to realize that many farm families barely managed to get by on what they grow. The Caribbean produces many things. (17) [Sugar is the main product.] Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas, spices, and citrus fruits, such as orange, lemon or grapefruit.
From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch and many forest products. Jamaica’s aluminum ore supplies are the world’s largest. Oil comes from Trinidad, Aruba and Curacao, but for many of the smaller islands, sugar is the only export.
Rum, a strong alcoholic drink, which is distilled from sugar cane, is also an export. The world’s best rum comes from this area. Local kinds vary from the light rums of Puerto Rico to the heavier, darker rums of Barbados and Jamaica. American tourists enjoy stocking up on inexpensive high-quality Caribbean rum while they’re on vacation. In Curacao, the well-known liquor of that name is made from the thick, outer skin of a native orange.
Ever since America’s colonial days, the Caribbean islands have been favorite places to visit. Since World War II, tourism has increased rapidly because great numbers of people go there. The islanders have built elaborate resorts, developed harbors and airfields, improved beaches and have expanded sea and air routes. Everything is at the resort—hotel, beach, shopping and recreation. The vacationer never has any reason to explore the island.
As in most places, those who have money live well, indeed; those who don’t have money live at various levels of poverty. But here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy. A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses at the seaside or in the countryside. Their servants might include a cook, a maid and a nurse for the children.
(18) [Most of the people live well below the poverty level.] In towns, they live crowded together in tiny houses. Islanders make the best they can of what they have. Their homes are quite shabby. Sadly, most tourists never see the side of the Caribbean.
18. What do we learn about the majority of people in the Caribbean islands?（关于加勒比群岛上的大多数人，我们了解到什么？）
解析：B。录音最后提到，大多数人（Most of the people）生活在贫困线以下，题干中的the majority of people对应录音中的Most of the people。B项中的live a poor life对应录音中的live well below the poverty level，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到许多农民家庭只是靠自己种植的作物勉强度日，但并不等于大多数人都在农场辛勤劳作，A项语义理解偏差，故排除。录音中提到住在西班牙式住宅里，仆人可能包括一名厨师、一名女佣和一名照顾孩子的保姆，但这说的是富人，而穷人的数量远远超过富人（the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy），这说明岛上多数人并不是富人，故C、D项排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They will be more demanding of their next generation.
B、They will end up lonely, dependent and dissatisfied.
C、They will experience more setbacks than successes.
D、They will find it difficult to get along with others.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Talk to anyone who is a generation of too older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days. No one wants to have, or be around, demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brewed when they’re not given everything they want immediately.
Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy. In the short term, perhaps they are right. But in the longer term, (19) [such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who tried so hard to please them.] Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable rather than spoiled and miserable.
(20) [One factor hindering this is that parents can’t or don’t spend enough quality time with their kids,] and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets, and the like. Rather than getting material things, children need parents’ devoted attention. The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they’d like to have. This teaches them to value their effort as well as what it achieves.
Allow them to enjoy anticipation. Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life. One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children. They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie, immediately. Or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two. Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.
(21) [If they failed, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result. This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment,] which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships.
And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own. This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others—qualities sure to take them a long way in life.
19. What will happen to children if they always get immediate satisfaction? （如果孩子总是能够立即得到满足，他们会怎么样？）
解析：B。录音中提到，从长远来看，这些孩子（such children）最终会变得孤独，依赖他人，长期不满，并对尽力取悦他们的父母心怀怨恨，从录音前面可知such children指的就是想要什么父母就会立即满足的小孩。B项与此内容相符，其中的end up lonely, dependent和dissatisfied原词复现，故为正确选项。
错项排除：录音中并没有提到小孩对他们的下一代如何，A项无依据，故排除。C项利用录音中的success进行干扰，但录音中是说学会等待的孩子在以后的生活中更有可能在许多方面取得成功，并没有说立即得到满足的孩子会经历更多的挫折，C项过度引申，故错误。D项的difficult to get along with others在录音中无依据，故排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Failure to pay due attention to their behavior.
B、Unwillingness to allow them to play with toys.
C、Unwillingness to satisfy their wishes immediately.
D、Failure to spend sufficient quality time with them.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Talk to anyone who is a generation of too older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days. No one wants to have, or be around, demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brewed when they’re not given everything they want immediately.
Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy. In the short term, perhaps they are right. But in the longer term, (19) [such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who tried so hard to please them.] Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable rather than spoiled and miserable.
(20) [One factor hindering this is that parents can’t or don’t spend enough quality time with their kids,] and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets, and the like. Rather than getting material things, children need parents’ devoted attention. The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they’d like to have. This teaches them to value their effort as well as what it achieves.
Allow them to enjoy anticipation. Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life. One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children. They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie, immediately. Or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two. Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.
(21) [If they failed, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result. This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment,] which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships.
And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own. This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others—qualities sure to take them a long way in life.
20. What may prevent parents from raising confident and capable children? （是什么阻碍了父母培养自信和有能力的孩子？）
解析：D。录音中提到，对此（this）造成阻碍（hindering）的一个因素是，父母不能或没有花足够的时间和孩子共度美好时光，其中this指的是前面提到的培养出自信、有能力、讨人喜欢的快乐孩子（raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable）。D项Failure对应录音中的can’t or don’t，sufficient是对录音中enough的同义替换，quality time原词复现，意为“（关爱子女，增进感情的）黄金时光、美好时光，天伦之乐”，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的due attention to their behaviour在录音中无依据，故排除。录音中提到父母用玩具、游戏、小玩意等来替代陪伴不足，B项与此相悖，故排除。录音中提到父母不应该立即满足他们的愿望，而应该（Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should）帮助他们制定一个计划来获得他们想要的东西，并没有说不愿意（Unwilling），故D项排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It will enable them to learn from mistakes.
B、It will help them to handle disappointment.
C、It will do much good to their mental health.
D、It will build their ability to endure hardships.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Talk to anyone who is a generation of too older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days. No one wants to have, or be around, demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brewed when they’re not given everything they want immediately.
Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy. In the short term, perhaps they are right. But in the longer term, (19) [such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who tried so hard to please them.] Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable, and likable rather than spoiled and miserable.
(20) [One factor hindering this is that parents can’t or don’t spend enough quality time with their kids,] and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets, and the like. Rather than getting material things, children need parents’ devoted attention. The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they’d like to have. This teaches them to value their effort as well as what it achieves.
Allow them to enjoy anticipation. Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life. One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children. They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie, immediately. Or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two. Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.
(21) [If they failed, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result. This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment,] which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships.
And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view, as well as their own. This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others—qualities sure to take them a long way in life.
21. Why should children be encouraged to keep trying when they fail? （为什么要鼓励孩子在失败后继续尝试？）
解析：B。录音中提到，如果孩子失败了，应该鼓励他们继续努力，如果他们真的想得到想要的结果就不应该放弃。这教会他们如何应对失望的情况并从中恢复过来。B项与此内容相符，其中的handle和disappointment原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项的learn from mistakes、C项的mental health、D项的endure hardships在录音中无依据，故均可排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Failing to make sufficient preparations.
B、Looking away from the hiring manager.
C、Saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.
D、Making a wrong judgment of the interview.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
It’s not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager, answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment. (22) [And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.]
(23) [The most obvious thing not to do is complain.] Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage, or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. Don’t say that you’ve moved around in jobs because you haven’t found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. An interviewer may well think: why would this role be any different for you？ You will probably leave here in six months.
It also begs the question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesn’t sound like you had open communication with him or her. (24) [Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative,] who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized. Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for.
Lastly, have a good idea of what your role will be, and try and convey the idea that you’re flexible. Asking what your role will be suggest you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you. In reality, your role is whatever you make of it. (25) [This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued.] And this is equally important, if you’re just starting out. Entry level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skills in most interviews. It’s important to have a wide skill set. As many startups and small companies are moving really fast, employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.
22. What does the speaker say can easily prevent an interviewee from getting a job? （讲话者说什么容易使得面试者得不到工作？）
解析：C。录音中提到，如果在错误的时间说了错误的话，从更慎重考虑的层面看，得到这份工作的几率就会迅速下降。C项与原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用常识进行干扰，但make sufficient preparations在录音中无依据，故排除。B项利用录音中的hiring manager进行干扰，但Looking away在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中的judgment和interview进行干扰，但Making a wrong judgment在录音中无依据，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Complaining about their previous job.
B、Inquiring about their salary to be paid.
C、Exaggerating their academic background.
D、Understanding their previous achievements.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
It’s not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager, answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment. (22) [And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.]
(23) [The most obvious thing not to do is complain.] Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage, or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. Don’t say that you’ve moved around in jobs because you haven’t found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. An interviewer may well think: why would this role be any different for you？ You will probably leave here in six months.
It also begs the question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesn’t sound like you had open communication with him or her. (24) [Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative,] who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized. Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for.
Lastly, have a good idea of what your role will be, and try and convey the idea that you’re flexible. Asking what your role will be suggest you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you. In reality, your role is whatever you make of it. (25) [This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued.] And this is equally important, if you’re just starting out. Entry level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skills in most interviews. It’s important to have a wide skill set. As many startups and small companies are moving really fast, employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.
23. What should the interviewee avoid doing in an interview? （面试者在面试中应该避免做什么？）
解析：A。录音中提到，最明显不能做的事就是抱怨，题干中的avoid doing对应录音中的thing not to do。A项符合题意，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项的Inquiring about their salary和C项的academic background在录音中都无依据，故均可排除。D项利用录音中的achievements进行干扰，但录音中是说在讨论时千万不要把所有成就都归功于自己，并非理解以前的成就，故D项排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Those who have both skill and experience.
B、Those who get along well with colleagues.
C、Those who take initiative in their work.
D、Those who are loyal to their managers.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
It’s not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager, answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment. (22) [And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.]
(23) [The most obvious thing not to do is complain.] Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage, or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. Don’t say that you’ve moved around in jobs because you haven’t found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. An interviewer may well think: why would this role be any different for you？ You will probably leave here in six months.
It also begs the question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesn’t sound like you had open communication with him or her. (24) [Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative,] who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized. Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for.
Lastly, have a good idea of what your role will be, and try and convey the idea that you’re flexible. Asking what your role will be suggest you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you. In reality, your role is whatever you make of it. (25) [This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued.] And this is equally important, if you’re just starting out. Entry level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skills in most interviews. It’s important to have a wide skill set. As many startups and small companies are moving really fast, employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.
24. What kind of employees do companies like to recruit? （公司喜欢招聘什么样的员工？）
解析：C。录音中提到，管理者通常喜欢那些通过采取主动（taking initiative）能够自给自足并促进自我成长的人。C项的take initiative原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的skill进行干扰，但experience在录音中无依据，故排除。B项get along well with colleagues和D项的loyal to their managers在录音中无依据，故均可排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Ability to shoulder new responsibilities.
B、Experience of performing multiple roles.
C、Readiness to work to flexible schedules.
D、Skills to communicate with colleagues.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
It’s not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager, answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment. (22) [And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.]
(23) [The most obvious thing not to do is complain.] Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage, or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. Don’t say that you’ve moved around in jobs because you haven’t found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. An interviewer may well think: why would this role be any different for you？ You will probably leave here in six months.
It also begs the question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesn’t sound like you had open communication with him or her. (24) [Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative,] who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized. Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for.
Lastly, have a good idea of what your role will be, and try and convey the idea that you’re flexible. Asking what your role will be suggest you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you. In reality, your role is whatever you make of it. (25) [This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued.] And this is equally important, if you’re just starting out. Entry level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skills in most interviews. It’s important to have a wide skill set. As many startups and small companies are moving really fast, employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.
25. What is especially important for those working in a small company?（对于那些在小公司工作的人来说，什么特别重要？）
解析：A。录音中提到，尤其在小公司里，适应和承担新责任的能力受到高度重视。A项与题意相符，其中Ability原词复现，shoulder new responsibilities是录音中take on new responsibilities的同义替换，故为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的role进行干扰，但录音中的role指的是工作角色，并不是担任多个角色，故B项排除。C项利用录音中的flexible进行干扰，但schedules在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中的skills进行干扰，但录音中是说在面试中展示广泛的技能，并不是与同事沟通的技能，故D项错误。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
According to psychologist Sharon Draper, our clothing choices can absolutely affect our wellbeing. When we wear ill-fitting clothes, or feel over- or under-dressed for an event, it’s natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed. Conversely, she says, opting for clothes that fit well and (26) _____ with your sense of style can improve your confidence.
But can you improve your health through your (27) _____ clothing, without having to dash out and buy a whole new (28) _____? “Absolutely,” says Draper. If your goal is to improve your thinking, she recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness, so, avoid bows, ties and unnecessary (29) _____. It also helps to opt for clothes you (30) _____ as tying in with your goals, so, if you want to perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional. Draper says this fits in with the concept of behavioral activation, whereby (31) _____ in a behavior (in this case, selecting clothes) can set you on the path to then achieving your goals (working harder).
Another way to improve your (32) _____ of mind is to mix things up. Draper says we often feel stuck in a rut (常规) if we wear the same clothes—even if they’re our favorites—thus opting for an item you don’t wear often, or adding something different to an outfit, such as a hat, can (33) _____ shift your mood. On days when you’re really (34) _____ to brave the world, Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing, such as ones you wore on a special day, or given to you by a loved one, as clothes with (35) _____ associations can help you tap into constructive emotions.
26、(1)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：
名词
accessories (-s) 附件；配饰
current 潮流；电流
frame 框架；构架
locations (-s) 地点；准确位置
profile 侧面轮廓；简介
showcase 玻璃柜台；展示场合
wardrobe 衣柜；衣橱
动词
align 排整齐；使一致
engaging (-ing)从事；使加入
frame给……做框；诬陷
perceive 感知到；认为
profile 概述；写简介
prospering (-ing)繁荣；兴旺
showcase展示
形容词
current 当前的；流行的
engaging迷人的；有趣的
fond喜爱的；慈爱的
reluctant不情愿的；勉强的
副词
concurrently 同时地；并存地
positively 绝对地；积极地
试题解析
26. align
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分为that引导的定语从句，空格前为and，空格后为with，因此空格处应填入动词与with搭配，和and前面的fit well构成并列关系。上一句说到，当我们穿着不合身的衣服，或者参加活动时感觉穿得过于正式或不够正式时，我们很自然会感到局促不安，甚至有压力，接着用Conversely表示相反的情况：选择合身且____自己风格的衣服可以增强自信。动词备选项中只有align填入空格能与with搭配构成合理语义，表示“使一致；符合”，符合逻辑。
27. current
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为your，空格后为clothing，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰clothing。根据空格所在句意，你能通过____衣服来改善你的健康，而不必冲出去买新……？根据后面的new，可知前面说的是现有的旧衣服，形容词备选项中只有current代入空格符合题意，表示“现有的衣服”。
28. wardrobe
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为a new，空格后为问号，因此空格处应填入可数名词单数做buy的宾语。根据前面clothing可知，这句话问的是有关“新衣服”的情况，名词备选项中与clothing相关的只有wardrobe，代入空格a whole new wardrobe表示“一整柜的新衣服”，符合题意。
29. accessories
解析：名词辨析题。空格前面为unnecessary，空格后面为句号，因此空格处应填入名词，与and前面的bows和ties并列。空格所在句意为，避免戴蝴蝶结、领带和不必要的____，根据bows和ties可知，句子要表达的是避免“装饰品、配饰”之类的东西，名词备选项中只有accessories填入空格符合题意，表示“不必要的配饰”。
30. perceive
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，分析句子成分可知，空格所在部分you ____ as tying in with your goals为省略引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词clothes。空格所在句意为，选择你____与目标相匹配的服装也会有帮助，名词备选项中代入空格能和as搭配构成合理语义的只有perceive，表示“将……视为；认为”，符合题意。
31. engaging
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在部分主语成分不完整，空格前为whereby，空格后为in a behavior，因此空格处应填入动词分词形式，与in a behavior共同构成主语。根据句意，____一种行为（在本例中，选择衣服）可以让你走上实现目标的道路（更加努力地工作）。动词备选项中只有engaging代入空格能构成合理语义，engage in表示“从事，参加”。本题有一定干扰性的是prospering，但其无法与in构成合理搭配，故排除。
32. frame
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为your，空格后of mind，因此空格处应填入名词。空格所在句意为，另一种改善你____心的方法是混搭，根据后面提到的mood可知本段是讲衣服对心情的影响，名词备选项中只有frame代入空格符合题意，frame of mind为固定搭配，表示“心情，心态”。
33. positively
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为can，空格后为shift，因此空格处应填入副词作状语。空格所在句意为，选择一件你不常穿的衣服，或者添加一些不同的东西，比如帽子，____能够改变你的情绪，副词备选项中只有positively代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“绝对能够”，符合题意。
34. reluctant
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在部分为when引导的定语从句，从句谓语成分不完整，空格前为are really，空格后为to，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。空格所在句意为，在你真的____勇敢面对这个世界的时候，德雷珀建议选择一些有情感意义的衣服，根据后面句子中的积极色彩可知，空格所在句说的是一种消极情况，备选项中只有reluctant代入空格符合语义，表示“不愿意勇敢面对这个世界的时候”。
35. fond
解析：形容词辨析题。空格所在句为as引导的原因状语从句，句子主干成分完整，空格所在部分with 35 associations为介词短语作后置定语，修饰clothes，空格前为with，空格后为associations，因此空格处应填入形容词，用来说明associations。空格前面提到在特殊日子穿的衣服，爱人所送的衣服，说的都是有情感意义能引起美好回忆的衣服，因此空格应填入与此相关的形容词，形容词备选项中填入空格能构成合理语义的只有fond，表示“有着美好联想的衣服”，符合题意。
27、(2)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、current
B、locations
C、engaging
D、showcase
E、frame
F、profile
G、concurrently
H、reluctant
I、perceive
J、align
K、accessories
L、prospering
M、positively
N、fond
O、wardrobe
解析：见上一题！
No one in fashion is surprised that Burberry burnt £28 million of stock
【A】Last week, Burberry’s annual report revealed that £28.6 million worth of stock was burnt last year. The news has left investors and consumers outraged but comes as little surprise to those in the fashion industry.
【B】The practice of destroying unsold stock, and even rolls of unused fabric, is commonplace for luxury labels. Becoming too widely available at a cheaper price through discount stores discourages full-price sales. Sending products for recycling leaves them vulnerable to being stolen and sold on the black market. Jasmine Bina, CEO of brand strategy agency Concept Bureau explains, “Typically, luxury brands rally around exclusivity to protect their business interests, namely intellectual property and preservation of brand equity (资产).” She stated she had heard rumors of stock burning but not specific cases until this week.
【C】Another reason for the commonplace practice is a financial incentive for brands exporting goods to America. United States Customs states that if imported merchandise is unused and destroyed under their supervision, 99% of the duties, taxes or fees paid on the merchandise may be recovered. It is incredibly difficult to calculate how much dead stock currently goes to waste. While there are incentives to do it, there’s no legal obligation to report it.
【D】A source, who chose to remain anonymous, shared her experience working in a Burberry store in New York in October 2016. “My job was to toss items in boxes so they could be sent to be burned. It was killing me inside because all that leather and fur went to waste and animals had died for nothing. I couldn’t stay there any longer, their business practices threw me off the roof.” In May this year, Burberry announced it was taking fur out of its catwalk shows and reviewing its use elsewhere in the business. “Even though we asked the management, they refused to give us detailed answers as to why they would do this with their collection,” continued the source, who left her role within two weeks. She has since worked with another high-profile, luxury label.
【E】In an online forum post, which asked if it’s true that Louis Vuitton burned its bags, Ahmed Bouchfaa, who claimed to work for Louis Vuitton, responded that the brand holds sales of old stock for staff members twice a year. Items which have still not sold after several sales are destroyed. “Louis Vuitton doesn’t have public sales. They either sell a product at a given price or discontinue it. This is to make sure that everybody pays the same price for an item,” he says. He goes on to disclose the strict guidelines around the employee sales: “You may buy gifts for someone, but they track each item, and if your gift ends up online they know who to ask.” One investor commenting on the Burberry figures was reportedly outraged that the unsold goods were not even offered to investors before they were destroyed.
【F】Richemont, who owns several luxury brands, hit the headlines in May for taking back £437 million of watches for destruction in the last two years to avoid marked-down prices. It’s not just luxury brands either. In October last year, a Danish TV show exposed H&M for burning 12 tonnes of unsold clothing since 2013. In a statement, the high street retailer defended itself by saying that the burnt clothing had failed safety tests: “The products to which the media are referring have been tested in external laboratories. The test results show that one of the products is mold infested and the other product contains levels of lead that are too high. Those products have rightly been stopped in accordance with our safety routines.” In March, a report revealed that H&M was struggling with $4.3 billion worth of unsold stock. The brand told The New York Times that the plan was to reduce prices to move the stock, arguably encouraging consumers to buy and throw away with little thought.
【G】Over-production is perhaps the biggest concern for Burberry. While there has been much outrage at the elitist connotation of burning goods rather than making them affordable, executives at the British fashion house are no doubt struggling to defend how they miscalculated production. The waste has been put down to burning old cosmetic stock to make way for their new beauty range. However, while the value of destroyed stock is up from £26.9 million last year, it’s an even more significant increase from 2016’s figure of £18.8 million, highlighting that this is an ongoing issue.
【H】In September 2016, Burberry switched to a “see now, buy now” catwalk show format. The move was a switch to leverage on the coverage of their fashion week show to make stock available immediately to consumers. This is opposed to the traditional format of presenting to the industry, taking orders for production and becoming available in six months’ time. While Burberry announced “record-breaking” online reach and engagement, there has been little evidence to suggest that the strategy has had a significant effect on sales, particularly as the hype (炒作) slows across the season. In February they made adjustments to the format, dropping some catwalk items immediately and promising that others would launch in the coming months.
【I】In a statement, Burberry denied that switching to “see now, buy now” has had an impact on waste. A Burberry spokesperson further said, “On the occasions when disposal of products is necessary, we do so in a responsible manner. We are always seeking ways to reduce and revalue our waste. This is a core part of our strategy and we have forged partnerships and committed support to innovative organizations to help reach this goal.”
【J】One such partnership is with Elvis & Kresse, an accessories brand working with reclaimed materials. Co-founder Kresse Wesling said, “Late last year we launched an ambitious five-year partnership with the Burberry Foundation. The main aim of this is to scale our leather rescue project, starting with off-cuts from the production of Burberry leather goods. We are working tirelessly to expand our solutions and would love to welcome anyone to our workshop to come and see what we are doing.” At the moment, the partnership only addresses waste at the production stage and not unsold goods.
【K】While these are honorable schemes, it makes it harder for Burberry to defend these latest figures. Fifteen years ago, Burberry was at crisis point as their signature check pattern was widely imitated by cheap, imitation brands. It deterred luxury consumers who found their expensive clothing more closely associated with working-class youth culture than a prestigious heritage fashion house. In the year 2004, at the height of over-exposure of the Burberry check, the brand’s turnover was £715.5 million. Under Christopher Bailey as creative director they turned the brand around and this past year revenue hit £2.73 billion.
【L】Bina believes that brands need to readdress their exclusivity tactic. “Exclusivity is starting to be challenged,” she says. “I think that goes hand in hand with how luxury itself is being challenged. Access to fashion, and the brands who police it, are becoming less and less relevant. Things like health, enlightenment, and social and environmental responsibility are the new luxuries. These all come from within, not without. That’s the challenge that traditional luxury brands will have to contend with in the mid- to long-term future.”
36、36. Burberry’s executives are trying hard to attribute their practice of destroying old products to miscalculated production.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：36. 巴宝莉的高管正努力将他们销毁旧产品的做法归结于对产量的错误判断。
解析：G。根据题干中的Burberry’s executives、destroying old products和miscalculated production可定位至G段第二句。该句说到，尽管人们对焚烧商品而不是让商品变得买得起的精英主义内涵感到愤怒，但这家英国时装公司的高管无疑正在努力为产量判断错误进行辩护。题干中的executives和miscalculated production原词复现，destroying old products是第二句中burning goods的同义替换，are trying hard to attribute...to对应句中的struggling to defend，故题干是对G段第二句部分内容的近义转述。
37. 打折销售产品对奢侈品牌的伤害比毁掉它们更大。
解析：B。根据题干中的Selling products、discount、greater harm、luxury brands和destroying可定位至B段第一、二句。这两句主要是说，销毁未售出的库存，甚至销毁未使用过的成卷布料的做法，对于奢侈品品牌来说是司空见惯的。通过折扣店以更便宜的价格购得商品会阻碍全价销售。题干中的at a discount是第二句中at a cheaper price的同义替换、luxury brands是第一句中luxury labels的同义替换，do greater harm对应第二句中的discourages full-price sales，destroying原词复现，故题干是对B段前两句的近义概括。
38. 仿冒的巴宝莉产品使奢侈品消费者不愿意购买正品。
解析：K。根据题干中的Imitated Burberry products、discouraged luxury consumers和genuine products可定位至K段第二、三句。这两句提到，15年前，巴宝莉处于一场危机之中，因为他们标志性的格子图案被廉价的仿制品牌大量模仿。这打消了奢侈品消费者的购买的欲望，他们发现，自己花大价钱买的衣服让人联想到的是工薪阶层青年文化，而非久负盛名的传统时装品牌。题干中的Imitated Burberry products对应第二句中was widely imitated by cheap, imitation brands，discouraged是第三句中deterred的近义替换，luxury consumers原词复现，genuine products对应第三句的expensive clothing，故题干是对K段第二、三句的部分内容的同义改写。
39. 某奢侈品牌的职员可以以更低的价格购买旧库存，但不允许转售。
解析：E。根据题干中的Staff members、old stock和not allowed to resell them可定位至E段。该段第一句提到路易威登每年针对员工举行两次旧库存销售活动，倒数第二句又提到有关员工销售的严格指导原则：可以买来给某人当礼物，但他们会跟踪每一件物品，如果你的礼物最终出现在网上，他们知道该找谁。言下之意是卖给员工的产品如果出现在网上出售，会追究责任，也就是不允许转售。题干中的Staff members和old stock原词复现、a luxury brand对应该段的Louis Vuitton、not allowed to resell them对应倒数第二句中if your gift ends up online they know who to ask，故题干是对E段部分内容的近义改写。本题有一定干扰性的是B段，B段中出现了luxury labels、at a cheaper price和stock，但本段主要是说对销毁库存的看法，并没有对内部员工销售的相关内容，故排除。
40. 在未来，传统奢侈品牌将不得不调整他们的经营策略，以适应不断变化的奢侈品概念。
解析：L。根据题干中的In future、traditional luxury brands、adapt、business strategies和concepts of luxury可定位至L段。该段第一句提到，比娜认为，品牌需要重新制定其排他性策略。在最后三句又提到，健康、觉悟、社会和环境责任等都是新的奢侈品。这些概念都自带共享性，而非排他性。这是传统奢侈品牌在未来中长期内须应对的挑战。题干中的In future对应最后一句中的in the mid- to long-term future，traditional luxury brands原词复现，adapt their business strategies对应第一句的readdress their exclusivity tactic，the changing concepts of luxury是对倒数第三句的近义概括，故题干是对L段部分内容的同义转述。
41. 一家奢侈品牌的员工辞职了，因为看到未售出的产品被销毁，她觉得无法忍受。
解析：D。根据题干中的employee、quit her job和destruction of unsold products可定位至D段第二、三、四句引号内容。该部分主要是引自一位在巴宝莉工作的员工的话，她说工作就是把东西扔进箱子里，然后被烧掉，她看到所有的皮革和毛皮都被浪费了，动物也白死了，觉得很难受，无法再待在那里了，于是离开了店里。题干中的One luxury brand employee对应第一段的working in a Burberry store，destruction of unsold products对应burned，quit her job是句中threw me off the roof的同义替换，题干是对原文D段第二、三、四句的同义概括。
42. 销毁旧库存不仅是奢侈品牌的做法，也是不太知名的时尚品牌的做法。
解析：F。根据题干中的Destroying old stock、practice、luxury brands和less prestigious fashion brands可定位至F段前三句。这几句提到，历峰拥有多个奢侈品牌，为了避免降价销售，在过去两年内收回价值4.37亿英镑的手表进行销毁，这在5月份登上头条。不仅仅奢侈品牌会这样。去年10月，丹麦一档电视节目曝光H&M自2013年以来焚烧了12吨未售出的衣服。题干中Destroying old stock对应第一句中的destruction和第三句中的burning 12 tonnes of unsold clothing，luxury brands原词复现，less prestigious fashion brands对应第二句中的It’s not just luxury brands either，故题干是对原文F段前三句的同义概述。本题有一定干扰性的是B段，该段中出现了practice、destroying unsold stock和luxury labels等题干中的关键词，但并没有提到不太知名的时尚品牌，故排除。
43. 巴宝莉正在与一家合作伙伴合作，充分利用皮革材料来减少浪费。
解析：J。根据题干中的partner、leather materials和reduce waste可定位至J段前三句。该段开头承接上一段，指出巴宝莉其中一个合作伙伴埃尔维斯&克雷斯，是一家使用再生材料的配件品牌。接着通过联合创始人说出“去年年底，我们与巴宝莉基金会展开了一项耗资巨大的五年合作，主要目的是扩大我们的皮革救援项目，从巴宝莉皮革制品生产的边角料开始。”题干中的working with a partner对应第一句中的One such partnership，leather materials对应reclaimed materials和leather rescue project，reduce waste对应第三句的off-cuts，题干是对原文J段前三句的近义改写。
44. 巴宝莉销毁价值数百万美元的未售出产品的计划，引起了公愤。
解析：A。根据题干中的destroy、unsold products、millions of dollars和public indignation可定位至A段。该段提到，上周，巴宝莉的年度报告显示，去年烧掉了价值2860万英镑的库存，这一消息让投资者和消费者感到愤怒。题干中的destroy对应第一句中的burnt，unsold products对应第一句中的stock，millions of dollars是£28.6 million的近义替换，public indignation对应第二句中consumers outraged，故题干是对A段部分内容的同义转述。
45. 巴宝莉让消费者在时装秀上看到就能买到的营销策略的改变，并没有预期的那么有效。
解析：H。根据题干中的change of marketing strategy、product available as soon as consumers see it和not...as effective as expected可定位至H段。该段主要介绍了巴宝莉向“现在看，现在买”的时装秀形式的转变。题干中的change of marketing strategy对应第一句中的switched to a “see now, buy now” catwalk show format，product available as soon as consumers see it对应第二句中的make stock available immediately to consumers，not...as effective as expected对应第四句中的been little evidence to suggest that the strategy has had a significant effect on sales，故题干是对原文H段部分内容的同义转述。
37、37. Selling products at a discount will do greater harm to luxury brands than destroying them.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
38、38. Imitated Burberry products discouraged luxury consumers from buying its genuine products.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
39、39. Staff members of a luxury brand may buy its old stock at cheaper prices, but they are not allowed to resell them.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
40、40. In future traditional luxury brands will have to adapt their business strategies to the changing concepts of luxury.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
41、41. One luxury brand employee quit her job because she simply couldn’t bear to see the destruction of unsold products.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
42、42. Destroying old stock is a practice not just of luxury brands but of less prestigious fashion brands.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
43、43. Burberry is working with a partner to make full use of leather materials to reduce waste.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
44、44. Burberry’s plan to destroy its unsold products worth millions of dollars aroused public indignation.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Burberry’s change of marketing strategy to make a product available as soon as consumers see it on the fashion show did not turn out to be as effective as expected.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
Social media is absolutely everywhere. Billions of people use social media on a daily basis to create, share, and exchange ideas, messages, and information. Both individuals and businesses post regularly to engage and interact with people from around the world. It is a powerful communication medium that simultaneously provides immediate, frequent, permanent, and wide-reaching information across the globe.
People post their lives on social media for the world to see. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and countless other social channels provide a quick and simple way to glimpse into a job candidate’s personal life—both the positive and negative sides of it. Social media screening is tempting to use as part of the hiring process, but should employers make use of it when researching a potential candidate’s background?
Incorporating the use of social media to screen job candidates is not an uncommon practice. A 2018 survey found that almost 70% of employers use social media to screen candidates before hiring them. But there are consequences and potential legal risks involved too. When done inappropriately, social media screening can be considered unethical or even illegal.
Social media screening is essentially scrutinising a job candidate’s private life. It can reveal information about protected characteristics like age, race, nationality, disability, gender, religion, etc. and that could bias a hiring decision. Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin a perfectly good candidate’s chances of getting hired. This process could potentially give an unfair advantage to one candidate over another. It creates an unequal playing field and potentially provides hiring managers with information that can impact their hiring decision in a negative way.
It’s hard to ignore social media as a screening tool. While there are things that you shouldn’t see, there are some things that can be lawfully considered—making it a valuable source of relevant information too. Using social media screening appropriately can help ensure that you don’t hire a toxic employee who will cost you money or stain your company’s reputation. Consider the lawful side of this process and you may be able to hire the best employee ever. There is a delicate balance.
Screening job candidates on social media must be done professionally and responsibly. Companies should stipulate that they will never ask for passwords, be consistent, document decisions, consider the source used and be aware that other laws may apply. In light of this it is probably best to look later in the process and ask human resources for help in navigating it. Social media is here to stay. But before using social media to screen job candidates, consulting with management and legal teams beforehand is essential in order to comply with all laws.
46、46. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A、The advantage of using social media in screening job candidates.
B、The potentially invasive nature of social media in everyday life.
C、Whether the benefits of social media outweigh the drawbacks.
D、Whether social media should be used to screen job candidates.
解析：
解析：D。本题为主旨题，可以快速浏览文章，提取关键词与选项进行匹配，根据题文同序原则可以重点定位第一、二段。通过快速浏览可知，文章主要是关于社交媒体（Social media）和招聘、求职（hiring、candidate），第一段主要是说社交媒体的广泛应用，第二段最后一句提出一个问题，雇主是否应该应用社交媒体对潜在应聘者进行背景调查，后面几段都是围绕这一问题展开，因此文章主要是讨论是否应该用社交媒体筛选求职者，D项与此相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第四段倒数第二句中的advantage进行干扰，但文章说的是筛选过程可能会给另外的求职者带来不公平优势（unfair advantage），并不是用社交媒体筛选求职者的优势，故A项排除。B、C项只是提到社交媒体，并没有涉及文中大量出现的求职、招聘等信息，故均可排除。
47、47. What might happen when social media is used to screen job candidates?
A、Moral or legal issues might arise.
B、Company reputation might suffer.
C、Sensational information might surface.
D、Hiring decisions might be complicated.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的social media和screen job candidates可定位至文章第三段第二句。该句提到，2018年的一项调查发现，近70%的雇主在雇用候选人之前使用社交媒体筛选候选人，接着在最后两句提到这样做的后果：存在一定后果和潜在的法律风险。如果操作不当，社交媒体筛查可能被视为不道德甚至非法。A项与此内容相符，其中的Moral or legal issues对应最后一句中的unethical or even illegal，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用第五段倒数第二句中的company’s reputation进行干扰，但文章中是说适当地使用社交媒体筛选有助于确保雇用的不是一个会让你损失金钱或玷污公司声誉的“有毒”职员，并不是用社交媒体筛选会使公司声誉受损，故B项排除。C项的Sensational information在文章中无依据，故排除。D项利用文中多次出现的Hiring和decisions进行拼凑，但complicated在文中无依据，故排除。
48、48. When could online personal information be detrimental to candidates?
A、When it is separated from context.
B、When it is scrutinised by an employer.
C、When it is magnified to a ruinous degree.
D、When it is revealed to the human resources.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的personal information和detrimental可定位至原文第四段第三句，题干中的personal information对应该句的Pictures or comments on a private page，detrimental对应该句的ruin a perfectly good candidate’s chances。该句指出，私人页面上断章取义的照片或评论可能会毁掉一个非常好的求职者被录用的机会。由此可知，当信息被断章取义拿出来时会对求职者不利，A项与此内容相符，其中separated from context是该句中taken out of context的同义替换，故正确。
错项排除：文中虽然提到了scrutinising，但说的是社交媒体筛选本质上是审查求职者的私人生活，并没有说这对求职者不利，故B项排除。C项的magnified和ruinous degree在文章中无依据，故排除。D项利用第四段第二句的reveal和最后一段第三句的human resources进行拼凑，故排除。
49、49. How can employers use social media information to their advantage while avoiding unnecessary risks?
A、By tipping the delicate balance.
B、By using it in a legitimate way.
C、By keeping personal information on record.
D、By separating relevant from irrelevant data.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的use social media information和avoiding unnecessary risks可定位至原文第五段第三、四句，题干中的use social media information to their advantage对应第三句的Using social media screening appropriately can help ensure that you don’t hire a toxic employee。这两句提到，适当地使用社交媒体筛选有助于确保你雇用的不是一个会让你损失金钱或玷污公司声誉的“有毒”员工。考虑这一过程的合法性，你也许可以雇用到最优秀的员工。由此可知Consider the lawful side of this process是避免风险（avoiding unnecessary risks）的方法，B项与此内容相符，其中a legitimate way对应该句中the lawful side，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：第五段最后一句中提到微妙的平衡（a delicate balance），并不是要打破平衡，A项与此相悖，故排除。C项的keeping personal information、D项的relevant information和irrelevant information在文中都无依据，故均可排除。
50、50. What does the author suggest doing before screening job candidates on social media?
A、Hiring professionals to navigate the whole process.
B、Anticipating potential risks involved in the process.
C、Seeking advice from management and legal experts.
D、Stipulating a set of rules for asking specific questions.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的before screening job candidates on social media可定位至最后一段最后一句。该句提到，在使用社交媒体筛选求职者之前，为了合乎所有法律，事先咨询管理层和法律团队至关重要。C项符合题意，其中Seeking advice是对该句consulting的同义替换，management and legal experts对应该句的management and legal teams，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文中多次出现的hiring和最后一段中的professionally进行拼凑，但navigate the whole process在文中无依据，故A项错误。B项利用第三段第三句中的potential legal risks进行干扰，但Anticipating在原文中无依据，故排除。D项利用最后一段第二句中的stipulate进行干扰，但asking specific questions在文中无依据，故D项排除。
In recent years, the food industry has increased its use of labels. Whether the labels say ‘non-GMO (非转基因的)’ or ‘no sugar’, or ‘zero carbohydrates’, consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what’s in their food. One report found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are responding to the report with new labels to meet that demand, and they’re doing so with an eye towards giving their products an advantage over the competition, and bolstering profits.
This strategy makes intuitive sense. If consumers say they want transparency, tell them exactly what is in your product. That is simply supplying a certain demand. But the marketing strategy in response to this consumer demand has gone beyond articulating what is in a product, to labeling what is NOT in the food. These labels are known as “absence claims” labels, and they represent an emerging labeling trend that is detrimental both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them.
For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its canned crushed tomatoes a few years ago—despite the fact that at the time there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Some dairy companies are using the “non-GMO” label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food.
While creating labels that play on consumer fears and misconceptions about their food may give a company a temporary marketing advantage over competing products on the grocery aisle, in the long term this strategy will have just the opposite effect: by injecting fear into the discourse about our food, we run the risk of eroding consumer trust in not just a single product, but the entire food business.
Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers’ minds: Were these foods ever safe? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to my family or the planet? For food manufacturers, it will mean damaged consumer trust and lower sales for everyone. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study found that absence claims labels can create a stigma around foods even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm.
It’s clear that food manufacturers must tread carefully when it comes to using absence claims. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, this verbal trick sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and ultimately more costly food products. If we allow this kind of labeling to continue, we will all lose.
51、51. What trend has been observed in a report?
A、Food manufacturers’ rising awareness of product safety.
B、Food manufacturers’ changing strategies to bolster profits.
C、Consumers’ growing demand for eye-catching food labels.
D、Consumers’ increasing desire for clear product information.
解析：
解析：D。根据a report可定位至第一段第三句。该句提到，一份报告发现，39%的消费者会从目前购买的品牌，转而购买能够提供更清晰、更准确产品信息的其他品牌，这是对前面一句话“消费者对于知晓食物中成分信息的需求日益增长”的例证，因此报告中得出的趋势就是consumers are increasingly demanding more information about what’s in their food，D项是对此内容的同义转述，故正确。
错项排除：原文第一段最后提到食品生产商使用新标签来满足这一需求，但他们这样做是想让自己的产品在竞争中占据优势，提高利润，并不是说他们的食品安全意识提高了，故A项排除。B项利用第一段最后一句的Food manufacturers和bolstering profits进行干扰，但原文是说这是针对报告做出的反应，并非报告中观察到的趋势，故B项排除。C项利用第一段第二句的consumers are increasingly demanding进行干扰，但eye-catching food labels在文中无依据，故C项排除。
52、52. What does the author say is manufacturers’ new marketing strategy?
A、Stressing the absence of certain elements in their products.
B、Articulating the unique nutritional value of their products.
C、Supplying detailed information of their products.
D、Designing transparent labels for their products.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的marketing strategy可定位至原文第二段。该段第二句提到，如果消费者说他们想要透明，告诉他们产品中到底有什么，根据前面一句说的这种策略具有直观的意义可知，这是“旧”的营销策略，而第四句中说到，针对这种消费者需求的营销策略已经超越了明确说明产品中含有什么，而是标明食品中不含什么，根据But可知前后是两种策略的对比，后面一种是“新”的营销策略。也就是说新营销策略标明食品中不含什么（what is NOT in the food），A项与此内容相符，其中的the absence of certain elements对应该句的what is NOT in the food，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用第二段第四句中的articulating进行干扰，但原文是说“标明产品中含有什么”，并不是说产品的独特营养价值，故B项排除。C项说的是“旧”的营销策略，故排除。D项利用第二段第二句的transparency进行干扰，但原文表达的是消费者想要信息透明，而非透明的标签，D项语义理解偏差，故排除。
53、53. What point does the author make about non-GMO labels?
A、They are increasingly attracting customers’ attention.
B、They create lots of trouble for GMO food producers.
C、They should be used more for vegetables and milk.
D、They cause anxiety about food among consumers.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的non-GMO labels可定位至原文第三段。该段主要是讲“非转基因”标签，举了汉斯品牌和一些奶制品的例子，接着又指出，这是造成对食品不必要恐惧的另一个标签，由此可知这种“非转基因”标签造成了人们对食物不必要的恐惧。D项与此内容相符，其中的anxiety对应第三段最后一句中的unnecessary fear，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第一段第二句中的increasingly进行干扰，但attracting customers’ attention在文中无依据，故A项错误。B项中的GMO food producers在文中无依据，故排除。C项利用第三段中的tomatoes和milk进行干扰，但这是作为“非转基因”标签的反面例子，并不是说这一标签应该更多地应用在蔬菜和牛奶上，故C项排除。
54、54. What does the author say absence claims labels will do to food manufacturers?
A、Cause changes in their marketing strategies.
B、Help remove stigma around their products.
C、Erode consumer trust and reduce sales.
D、Decrease support from food scientists.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的absence claims和food manufacturers可定位至原文第五段。需要注意absence claims在第二段首次出现，接着在第三、四、五段具体描述了其危害性。第五段第三句指出，对于食品制造商来说，这意味着消费者信任受损，销售额下降（lower sales）。C项是对此内容的同义转述，其中Erode consumer trust对应该句的damaged consumer trust，reduce sales是对lower sales的同义替换，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：文章中提到引起营销策略改变的主要是一份研究报告，而不是“不含声明”的标签，A项张冠李戴，故排除。第五段最后一句提到“不含声明”标签会给食物带来污名，B项与此相悖，故排除。D项的support from food scientists在文中无依据，故排除。
55、55. What does the author suggest food manufacturers do?
A、Take measures to lower the cost of food products.
B、Exercise caution about the use of absence claims.
C、Welcome new innovations in food processing.
D、Promote efficiency and increase food variety.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的food manufacturers和题文同序原则可定位至原文最后一段。该段第一句指出，食品制造商（food manufacturers）在使用“不含声明”标签时必须小心谨慎。B项与此内容相符，其中的Exercise caution是该句中tread carefully的同义替换，the use of absence claims是句中when it comes to using absence claims的同义改写，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：文章最后一段提到，使用“不含声明”这种文字游戏还传递了一个信息，即农业和食品加工方面的创新（innovations）是不受欢迎的，结果会导致效率降低（less efficiency），消费者的选择减少，最终导致食品价格上涨（more costly food products）。A项的cost of food products，C项的new innovations，D项的Promote efficiency是针对最后一段中“不含声明”的负面影响展开的，并不是作者的建议，属于主观臆测，故均可排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”。1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里，开展了艰苦卓绝的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围（besiege）城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。井冈山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要基地。
参考答案：
参考译文
Located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, Jinggangshan is known as the “Red Cradle of Chinese Revolution” because of its brilliant revolutionary history. In October 1927, the older generation of revolutionaries, such as Mao Zedong and Zhu De, led the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army to come to the place, where they launched an arduous struggle, created the first rural revolutionary base, ignited the spark of the Chinese revolution, and opened up a revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics to “besiege the cities from the countryside and seize the power with military force”. The Chinese revolution has marched to victory form here. Currently with more than 100 revolutionary sites, Jinggangshan has become a “revolutionary history museum without walls” and an important base for patriotism and revolutionary tradition education.
解析：
词汇难点
交界 border; boundary
辉煌的 splendid; glorious
中国革命红色摇篮 Red Cradle of Chinese Revolution
老一辈革命家 the older generation of revolutionaries; veteran revolutionaries
中国工农红军 the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army
艰苦卓绝 arduous
革命根据地 revolutionary base
点燃 light; ignite
武装夺取政权 seize the power with military force
革命旧址 revolutionary sites
爱国主义 patriotism
表达难点
第一句：本句有两个分句，可将第二个分句作为主句，第一个分句“井冈山地处……”作为地点状语，译为Located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces。第二个分句添加主语“井冈山”，将“因其辉煌的革命历史”作为原因状语，译为because of its brilliant revolutionary history。
第二句：本句较长，动词较多，可以根据主语将这一部分译为两句。第一句主语为“毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家”，谓语为“率领中国工农红军来到这里”，后面并列动词短语部分可添加主语they处理为非限制性定语从句，“开展”“创建”“点燃”和“开辟”作为并列谓语，译为where they launched an arduous struggle, created the first rural revolutionary base, ignited the spark of the Chinese revolution, and opened up a revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics，需要注意“农村包围城市，武装夺取政权”是对“这一具有中国特色的”的说明，可以译为后置定语，用to “besiege the cities from the countryside and seize the power with military force”表示。第二句较为简单，主语为“中国革命”，谓语为“迈向胜利”，顺序直译即可。
第三句：本句较长，翻译时可将“井冈山现有100多处革命旧址”作为伴随状语，译为Currently with more than 100 revolutionary sites。其余部分翻译时添加主语“井冈山”，谓语为“成为”，需要注意本句说明其意义，需用现在完成时。
四、Part I Writing
57、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to address the issue. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Some parents in China are overprotective of their children. They plan everything for their children, make all the decisions for them, and do not allow them to explore on their own in case they make mistakes or get hurt.
参考答案：
参考范文
In China, there is a prevalent phenomenon that some parents are overprotective of their children. Such phenomenon may cause substantial negative impact on children’s life in the long run. In my opinion, we should take the following measures to cope with this situation.
To start with, parents should believe in their children and encourage them to overcome difficulties by themselves. It is inevitable that young people are prone to make mistakes or get hurt in the face of difficulties. At the same time, however, they are bound to grow up to be independent and unlock their self-improvement power. Moreover, it is always wise for parents to set examples rather than plan everything for their children. For example, parents can instruct and influence their children by words and deeds, which will inspire young people to follow suit and make proper decisions.
From what I have discussed above, we may conclude that overprotection from parents may pose a potential threat to their children. Only when parents take effective measures can they cultivate independent children.
参考译文
在中国，有一种普遍的现象，即一些父母过度保护他们的孩子。从长远来看，这种现象可能会对孩子们的生活造成严重的负面影响。在我看来，我们应该采取以下措施来应对这种情况。
首先，父母应该相信孩子，鼓励他们自己克服困难。年轻人在困难面前难免会犯错或受伤。然而，他们同时也一定会独立成长，提升自我。此外，对于父母来说，明智的做法是以身作则而不是为孩子计划一切。例如，父母可以通过言行来教育和影响孩子，这能激励年轻人效仿、学习并做出正确的决定。
综上所述，我们可以得出结论，父母的过度保护可能会对他们的孩子构成潜在威胁。只有父母采取有效措施才能培养出独立的孩子。
解析：
写作指南
从题干内容可以看出，本次六级考试的作文给出了一段参考材料，内容主要是关于中国父母对孩子的过度保护现象。要求考生对此现象进行评论，并针对这个问题的解决给出建议。考生可以采用“三段式”结构，第一段描述现象，提出看法；第二段给出建议；第三段总结，重申观点。
文章大纲
第一段：描述现象，提出自己的看法：父母过度保护孩子会对其造成负面影响。
第二段：给出相应的建议：父母应该相信、鼓励孩子，并以身作则。
第三段：进行观点总结：只有采取有效措施才能培养出独立的孩子。
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