一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Weird.
B、Efficient.
C、Tolerant.
D、Toxic.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
1. How does the woman describe her previous company’s culture?（女士如何描述她上一家公司的文化？）
解析：D。录音前面部分女士说到，上一家公司崇尚直截了当，这创造了一种极其有害的文化，toxic为原词复现，它除了表示“有毒的”，还有“极其有害的”之意，因此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：A选项在录音中未提及，故排除。B项利用录音开头出现的efficiency作干扰，但录音中女士说的是有关她上一家公司上级的情况，并不是在评价公司文化，故B项错误。录音中男士说自己所在公司的管理层往往通融友善，因此C项形容的是男士所在公司的管理者，并非女士上一家公司的文化，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are arrogant.
B、They are ignorant.
C、They are ambitious.
D、They are accommodating.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
2. What does the man say about his company’s managers?（关于所在公司的管理层，男士说了什么？）
解析：D。录音中男士表示，他所在公司的管理层都比较通融友善，他们常常忽略掉错误和问题，以免伤感情。D项中的关键词accommodating为原词复现，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项和C项的关键词arrogant和ambitious在录音中未提及，故排除。B项利用录音中出现的ignored作干扰，但录音中说的是男士所在公司的管理层常忽略掉错误和问题，以免伤感情，在问题引发危机前，一直是被忽略的（ignored）的状态，并不是说他们很无知。此处的ignored为动词ignore（忽略）的过去式，与形容词ignorant（无知的）表示不同的含义，故B项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can think big.
B、They can air their views.
C、They can break conventions.
D、They can work flexible hours.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
3. What does the woman say the employees in her new company can do?（女士说她新入职公司的员工能做什么？）
解析：B。录音中女士表示，在她新入职的公司，员工有发言权，可以提供反馈、提出异议并实时讨论问题。由此可知，该公司的员工可以发表自己的观点。B项中的air their views是对录音中have the power to speak up的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：A、C、D三个选项中的关键词think big、break conventions和work flexible hours在录音中均未提及，故排除这三项。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It can alter people’s mindsets.
B、It can lead to new discoveries.
C、It enables people to learn and grow.
D、It is conducive to critical thinking.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
4. What does the man say about constructive feedback?（关于建设性的反馈，男士说了什么？）
解析：C。录音后面部分男士表示，建设性的反馈是学习和成长的方式。C项中的learn and grow为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中女士表示，有时候人们需要改变他们接受反馈的思维方式，即以正确的心态看待人们的反馈，而不是建设性的反馈会改变人们的思维方式，故A项错误。B项的new discoveries和D项中的critical thinking在录音中未提及，故排除这两项。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He kept looking for the best place to stay.
B、He met many tourists from other countries.
C、He had a great time sightseeing and relaxing.
D、He managed to visit a different city each day.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
5. What does the man say about his holiday? （关于他的假期，男士说了什么？）
解析：A。录音开头男士表示，发现自己不停地搬来搬去，试图找到一个完美的住所。由此可知，假期里男士一直在找最完美的住处，A项中的looking for the best place to stay是对录音中trying to find the perfect place的同义替换，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项利用录音开头出现的tourists作干扰，但录音中说的是男士度假的地方游客不多，并没有说男士遇到了许多来自其他国家的游客，故B项错误。C项利用录音中的relaxing作干扰，录音中说的是男士在假期里没有放松，而是一直在找最完美的住所。因此C项与录音内容相悖，故排除。D项在录音中没有提及，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Prioritize what is essential to their best advantage.
B、Stretch out the process in search of the optimal.
C、Deliberate the consequences that may occur.
D、Take all relevant factors into consideration.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
6. What does the woman say people tend to do when making decisions?（女士说人们在做决定时倾向于做什么？）
解析：B。录音中女士表示，人们有一种不断延长决策过程的倾向，因为优化是人类的天性。由此可知人们在做决定时往往会延长寻找最佳方案的过程，B项中的Stretch out和process为原词复现，the optimal对应录音中的optimise，故B项正确。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的Essentially和best进行细节拼凑，故排除。C、D两项中的关键词Deliberate the consequences和all relevant factors在录音中均未提及，故排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Time pressure.
B、Tight budget.
C、Modern technology.
D、Fierce competition.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
7. What has made decision-making increasingly difficult?（是什么让做决定变得越来越困难？）
解析：C。录音中男士表示，由于技术，人们可以更容易地进行比较，有更多的选择和定制机会。但正是由于技术提供了多种选择，做出选择的过程才更困难了，正如女士在录音后面部分所说，这是一种“富贵病”。你必须先有很多选择，才会产生错过更好选择的担忧。由此可知，现代科技让做决定变得越来越困难，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中女士表示，人们有不断延长决策过程的倾向，并不是说时间压力让人们难以抉择，故A项错误。B、D项在录音中未提及，故排除。
8、 Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Research as many different options as possible.
B、Avoid going over the same options repeatedly.
C、Focus on what is practical.
D、Trust their gut instinct.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
8. According to the woman, what should people do when making important decisions?（根据女士的说法，人们在做重要决定时应该做什么？）
解析：B。录音最后女士表示，当你有30多个选择时，相信自己的直觉是不现实的，需要投入时间去研究并尽可能多地删除一些选项。决策过程中最有害的部分就是一遍又一遍地重复同样的选择。由此可知，做重要决定时应该避免重复同样的选择，B项中的going over the same options为原词复现，repeatedly是对录音中time and time again的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：录音最后女士表示，决策过程中要尽可能多地删除一些选项，而不是尽可能多地研究不同的选择，故A项错误。录音最后女士表示，当有30多个选择时，相信自己的直觉是不现实的，但并没有说应该专注于实际的事情，故C项错误。D选项与“相信自己的直觉是不现实的”这一内容相悖，故错误。
9、 Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is beneficial to poor as well as rich communities.
B、It is conducive to children’s future development.
C、It is welcome to parents but not to children.
D、It is not of much help to younger children.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
9. What did the 2006 research find about homework?（关于家庭作业，2006年的研究发现了什么？）
解析：D。录音开头表示，一篇2006年的研究论文指出，中学生的家庭作业量与未来的学业成绩之间存在一定的相关性，而这种相关性在年龄更小的孩子身上表现较弱。由此可知，家庭作业对年龄较小的孩子帮助不大，D选项中的not of much help to younger children是对录音中not so much for younger kids的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，斯坦福大学2014年的一项研究表明，加州富裕社区学生的情况与2006年的研究结果一致，而2006年的研究并没有比较家庭作业对富裕和贫穷社区不同学生的影响，故A项错误。该研究表明中学生的家庭作业量与未来的学业成绩之间存在一定的相关性，但并不代表家庭作业有利于孩子未来的发展，B项属于过度引申，故错误。录音中虽然提到了父母对家庭作业的态度，但这并非2006年研究的内容，故C项错误。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may put some students in remote areas at a disadvantage.
B、It gives the majority of students ready access to their teachers.
C、It effectively improves the learning quality of students in rural areas.
D、It can bridge the learning gap between kids of different backgrounds.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
10. What do experts think of homework requiring Internet access?（专家对需要上网的作业有什么看法？）
解析：A。录音中表示，在偏远地区，网络状况不佳或没有网络可能使学生处于不利地位，A项与此内容相符，其中的put some students、in remote areas和at a disadvantage为原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音表示，专家认为，需要上网才能完成的家庭作业是不公平的。因此专家对作业需要上网这件事的看法是负面的，B、C、D三项均为对作业需要上网的积极看法，故排除这三项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Diligent students tend to do their homework independently.
B、The focus of homework should always be on school subjects.
C、Doing homework exerts a positive effect on kids’ personality development.
D、The benefits of doing homework vary widely from individual to individual.
解析：
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
11. What conclusion could be drawn from the study in Germany?（从德国的研究中可以得出什么结论？）
解析：C。录音中表示，家庭作业可能会对学生的性格产生影响，这表明做家庭作业可能有助于孩子成为更认真、更独立的学习者。由此可知家庭作业对孩子性格的影响是积极的，故C项正确。
错项排除：德国的研究发现家庭作业对孩子的影响是在性格方面，录音中并没有提到其他研究结论，A、B、D三项利用录音中出现的independent、focusing和benefits进行干扰，故均可排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was something he apologized for later.
B、It was ridiculed by the New York Times.
C、It was a forty-nine-year plan.
D、It was considered visionary.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
12. What do we learn about Goddard’s idea of using rockets for space exploration?（关于戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：B。录音中表示，1920年1月，《纽约时报》嘲笑戈达德的火箭可以用于太空探索的理论。由此可知戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法曾遭到《纽约时报》的嘲笑，B项中的ridiculed和New York Times为原词复现，故B项正确。
错项排除：录音中说1920年1月，《纽约时报》嘲笑戈达德的火箭可以用于太空探索的理论。49年后，阿波罗11号抵达月球，《纽约时报》发表了对戈达德的道歉。因此道歉指的是《纽约时报》后来的道歉，并非戈达德道歉，A项错误。49指的是49年后，阿波罗11号抵达月球，并不是说戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法是一个为期49年的计划，因此C项错误。D项利用录音中出现的visionaries进行干扰，但录音说戈达德像很多有远见的人一样受到人们怀疑，D项与此相悖，故排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was of great significance to rocket science.
B、It was completed in the state of New Mexico.
C、It was somehow delayed about 12 minutes.
D、It failed due to a sudden change of weather.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
13. What does the passage say about Goddard’s first rocket launch? （关于戈达德的第一次火箭发射，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。录音中表示，戈达德的第一次火箭飞行是火箭科学的一个里程碑。由此可知，戈达德的第一次火箭发射对火箭科学具有重大意义，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，1926年3月，戈达德在家乡马萨诸塞州一位阿姨的农场发射了他的第一枚火箭，因此B项错误。录音中的12指的是火箭只飞了12米高，因此C项错误。录音中提到戈达德咨询了气象专家（weather expert），认为新墨西哥州的气候（climate）全年都适合发射火箭。虽然气候是火箭发射的一个重要条件，但录音中并未说第一次火箭发射失败是由于天气原因，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A laboratory and test range was already set up there.
B、Its climate was ideal for year-round rocket launching.
C、A weather expert invited him to go there for his mission.
D、Its remote valleys were appealing to him and his family.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
14. Why did Goddard move to New Mexico?（为什么戈达德要搬到新墨西哥州？）
解析：B。录音中表示，新墨西哥州的气候全年都满足火箭发射的理想条件（ideal for year-round rocket launches），B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，戈达德在搬到新墨西哥州之后建立了实验室和试验场，并非因为那里有实验室和试验场才搬过去的，故A项错误。录音中表示，戈达德后来咨询了气象专家，确定新墨西哥州的气候全年都满足火箭发射的理想条件，并非气象专家邀请他去新墨西哥州，故C项错误。录音中只说到戈达德和他的家人迁到一个偏远的山谷，并没有说他们是否被所吸引，故D项错误。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He won an award from the US government for his work.
B、He gained recognition from rocket scientists worldwide.
C、He was granted over 200 patents in rocket technology.
D、He boosted the military strength of the United States.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
15. What does the passage say about Goddard’s achievements?（关于戈达德的成就，这篇文章说了些什么？）
解析：C。录音中表示，戈达德一直从事火箭技术的开拓性工作，并获得了200多项专利，C项中的over 200 patents和rocket technology为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，这位雄心勃勃的科学家得到的政府支持却微乎其微（negligible support），故A项错误。录音开始提到，戈达德被公认为是世界上第一位火箭科学家，并非说他的成就被火箭科学家认可，B项利用个别单词的相关性进行干扰，故排除。录音中表示，尽管戈达德取得了许多成功，但他始终未能引起美国军方对火箭推进武器的兴趣，故D项错误。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It requires entrepreneurial experience.
B、It is usually financially rewarding.
C、It can be quite frustrating.
D、It can be rather risky.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
16. What does the speaker say about working for a new venture? （关于在一家新公司工作，讲话者说了些什么？）
解析：D。录音开头说到，在一家新企业工作存在很多风险：不稳定、责任不明确以及对各方面都要通晓。D项的rather risky是对录音中comes with a lot of risks的同义替换，故D项正确。
错项排除：录音中只提到在一家新企业工作存在很多风险，并没有说是否需要创业经验或是能获得令人满意的收入，也没有提及这是否令人沮丧，故排除其余三项。
17、 Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It contributes to rapid business expansion.
B、It inspires willingness to make sacrifices.
C、It reduces conflict among team members.
D、It encourages creation and innovation.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
17. What has science demonstrated regarding the positive culture of a new venture?（关于一个新企业的积极文化，科学证明了什么？）
解析：C。录音中提到，科学证明了积极的企业文化能够带来的结果，其中就包括了减少冲突，C项中的reduces conflict对应录音中的reduced conflict，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，积极的企业文化所带来的结果包括更好的流程、更强的团队凝聚力、更少的冲突和更敏锐的警觉性。A、B、D三项利用录音中出现的相关词developing the business、willingness和invention进行干扰，但这几处指的并不是业务迅速扩张、激发牺牲意愿和鼓励创新，故均可排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have unrealistic expectations.
B、They often work without any pay.
C、Few can find willing investors.
D、Many are idealistic dreamers.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
18. What does the speaker say about entrepreneurs at the initial stage of a new venture?（关于创业初期的创业者，讲话者说了些什么？）
解析：B。录音结尾提到，多数情况下，企业家表示，最初为了支付员工工资和公司开支，自己根本没有工资。由此可知，企业家在创业初期往往没有工资，B项中的often work without any pay是对录音中not paying themselves a wage at all的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：关于创业初期的情况，录音中只提到企业家在创业初期往往没有工资，并没有说到他们是否不切实际或理想主义，也没有提到是否有人愿意投资，故排除其余三项。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have better dietary habits.
B、They bear fewer social responsibilities.
C、They are born with a stronger ability to socialize.
D、They are better able to survive or handle disease.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
19. What do we learn about the possible reason why women tend to live longer?（关于女性更长寿可能的原因，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：D。录音中表示，尽管人们已经围绕着女性比男性更有能力生存或应对疾病的想法展开猜测，没有人能够真正确定这其中的原因。由此可知，女性更有能力生存或应对疾病可能是其长寿的原因，D项中的are better able to survive or handle disease是对录音中are more capable of surviving or handling disease的同义替换，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项在录音中未提及，故排除。录音中说人们猜测女性更有能力生存或应对疾病可能是其长寿的原因，倾向于将发展社会关系（social connections）放在首位有益于她们的免疫系统，B项的social responsibilities和C项的a stronger ability to socialize皆是利用录音中的social connections进行干扰，但都与录音内容不符，故均可排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have a limited reproductive ability.
B、They depend on adequate sleep to thrive.
C、They keep dividing throughout one’s life.
D、They strengthen with regular exercise.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
20. What is the recent discovery about human cells? （关于人类细胞的最新发现是什么？）
解析：A。录音中明确表示，人类细胞的繁殖能力有限。A项中的have a limited reproductive ability为原词复现，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项的sleep和D项的exercise在录音中均有提及，但录音中是说通过锻炼和良好的睡眠可以推迟细胞分裂的终止时间，并不是说可令其thrive或strengthen，故B、D项均可排除。录音中表示，只有癌细胞才能永远分裂，C项张冠李戴，故错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The process of ageing can ultimately be brought under control.
B、Improved health care for the elderly will contribute to longevity.
C、Prevention of heart disease and stroke will increase life expectancy.
D、The resolution of age related diseases will solve the mystery of ageing.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
21. What do many public health policymakers believe?（许多公共卫生决策者相信什么？）
解析：D。录音中表示，许多公共卫生政策制定者认为，解决与年龄有关的疾病将告诉我们老龄化过程的一些基本情况，即他们认为解决与年龄有关的疾病将解开衰老之谜，D项中的resolution of age related disease是对录音中resolution of age-associated disease的同义替换，solve the mystery of ageing对应录音中的tell us something fundamental about the ageing process，故D项正确。
错项排除：录音中明确提到，我们无法阻止衰老过程（cannot stop the ageing process），A项与此内容相悖，故排除。B项的关键词Improved health care在录音中并未提及，故排除。C项利用录音中出现的heart disease、stroke和life expectancy进行拼凑，但这是录音中顶尖科学家（some top scientists）的观点，并非公共卫生决策者的观点，故C项排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are reluctant to follow instructions.
B、They fail to answer emails promptly.
C、They cannot understand directives.
D、They do not show due respect.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
22. Why are managers often frustrated with their employees? （为什么管理者经常对其员工感到沮丧？）
解析：A。录音开头说到，令管理者非常沮丧的是，他们往往难以让员工遵守命令，哪怕是简单的指示。由此可知，管理者对于员工不愿意听从指示十分沮丧，A项中的reluctant to follow instructions是对录音中struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions的同义转述，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音结尾提到了电子邮件，但与管理者对员工感到沮丧无关，故B项错误。C项利用directives设置干扰，但录音中这里是在说员工听从指令的程度与管理者有关，C项不符合题意，故排除。D项在录音中未提及，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have not been trained to follow the rules.
B、They are not satisfied with the management.
C、They want to avoid unnecessary losses.
D、They find their voice go unheeded.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
23. Why do employees sometimes disobey procedures intentionally? （为什么员工有时会故意违反指令？）
解析：B。录音中给出了三种情况：有时他们迫于压力要在短时间内完成任务；有时他们可能并不认同工作流程的精神；有时他们只是不想服从。B 项的对管理不满意对应录音中的第二种情况，即不认同工作流程的精神，其中的the management 指的就是录音中的the spirit of the procedure，故B 项正确。
错项排除：关于员工故意违反指令的情况，录音中给出的三点为：时间紧压力大、对工作流程的精神不认可以及不愿意遵守指令。录音中没有提出其他情况，故排除与以上三点不符的A、C、D三项。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、When they are on good terms with their managers.
B、When they find their job goals easily attainable.
C、When they find their supervisors helpful.
D、When they are financially motivated.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
24. When are employees more likely to follow instructions according to the researchers?（根据研究人员的说法，什么时候员工更有可能听从指示？）
解析：C。录音提到，研究人员发现，管理者的乐于助人程度和下属听从指令的程度之间有着非常强的相关性。由此可知，当员工发现上司对他们很有帮助时，他们会更有可能听从指示，C项与此内容相符，其中的helpful为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：A项的关键词on good terms with their managers录音中并未提及，故排除。B项利用录音中的attainment of job goals进行干扰，但录音中是说管理者的帮助行为提高了员工对实现目标可能性的认识，B项曲解了这一含义，故排除。D项利用录音中的motivational和value进行拼凑，故排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are a useless tool for managers to change employee behavior.
B、They prove to be a good means for managers to give instructions.
C、They should be reserved for urgent communication.
D、They are seldom used for sharing confidential data.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
25. What does the speaker say about emails?（关于电子邮件，讲话者说了什么？）
解析：A。录音结尾表示，如果管理者想要的是行为上的改变，那么电子邮件就是一个无望的工具。A项中的change和behavior为原词复现，useless是对录音中hopeless的同义替换，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音结尾表示，经理不应该一直重复发邮件，由此可知，讲话者并不认为发邮件是一种值得提倡的方式，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项的关键词urgent communication录音中并未提及，故排除。D项利用录音中的sharing of data进行干扰，但录音中并没有提到confidential data，故D项排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
At 43, I’ve reached the stage where women are warned to watch out for the creeping sadness of middle age. We’re served up an endless stream of advice on “how to survive your 40s”，as if we’re in the endurance stage of a slow limp toward (26) _____. This is the age women start to become “invisible”—our value, attractiveness and power supposedly (27) _____ by the vanishing of youth. But I don’t feel like I’m fading into (28) _____. I feel more seen than I ever have, and for the first time in my life, I have a clear-eyed view of myself that is (29) _____, compassionate and accepting.
When I look in the mirror, I’m proud of who I am—even those “broken” parts that for so long seemed impossible to love. So when advertisers try to sell me ways to “turn back the clock”, I have to (30) _____ a laugh. I wouldn’t go back to the crippling self-consciousness of my youth if you paid me. This hard-won sense of self-acceptance is one of the joys of being an older woman. But it’s a narrative often (31) _____ out by the shame that marketers rely on to peddle us their diet pills, miracle face creams and breathable yoga pants—as if self-love is a (32) _____ commodity.
For some women I know, this sense of trust and self-belief later in life gave them the courage to leave dysfunctional relationships or (33) _____ on new career paths. Others talked about enjoying their own company, of growth through (34) _____, deepening bonds of friendships, the ability to be more compassionate, less judgmental and to listen more and appreciate the small pleasures. Life past 40 is far from smooth sailing, but it’s so much more than the reductive (35) _____ we see in women’s magazines and on the Hollywood big screen.
26、(1)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：
名词
adversity 困境；逆境
depictions (-s) 描画；描述
fragility 脆弱；易碎
obscurity 默默无闻
outlines (-s) 概述；轮廓
动词
convey传达
diminished (-ed) 减少；贬低
drowned (-ed) 溺死；淹没
embark 开始从事；登船
neglected (-ed) 疏于照管；忽视
outlines (-s) 概述；映出轮廓
submit 屈从；提交
suppress 镇压；抑制
形容词
authentic 真实的；可靠的
diminished 减少的；被缩小的
neglected 被忽视的
prevalent 盛行的；普遍存在的
purchasable 可贿赂的；可收买的形容词
26. fragility
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，根据空格前的介词toward，可推知空格处应填入名词作介词宾语。空格所在句句意为，我们会收到无数关于“如何度过40多岁”的建议，就好像我们目前只能忍耐，举步维艰地迈向____。结合本句中的a slow limp，可知这里形容的是人身体状况不佳，慢慢变得脆弱。备选项中的fragility（脆弱；易碎）符合这一含义，故为正确答案。
27. diminished
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句缺少谓语成分，可推知空格处应填入动词。空格所在句句意为，到了这个年龄，女性开始变得“隐形”——我们的价值、吸引力和力量一般会随着青春的消逝而____。结合女性变得“隐形”和“青春的消逝”，可知人们认为女性到了中年，她们的价值、吸引力和力量是会减弱的，因此空格处应填入有“减弱”含义的单词。备选项中，只有diminished符合题意，故为正确答案。neglected（忽视）具有一定干扰性，但上下文中的creeping、slow limp、become、fading into都强调了这里描述的是一个逐渐的过程，而不仅仅是“被忽视”的结果，故排除neglected。
28. obscurity
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在从句的宾语成分缺失，根据空格前的介词into，可推知空格处应填入名词作介词宾语。空格所在句及下一句的句意为，但我并不觉得自己是在走向____。我觉得自己比以往任何时候都更受人瞩目。这里的I don’t feel like和后面的I feel形成对比，可知空格处应填入与seen（瞩目）意思相反的词。备选项中的obscurity表示“默默无闻”，填入空格后表示“但我并不觉得自己是在走向湮没”，符合句意逻辑，故空格处应填入obscurity。
29. authentic
解析：形容词辨析题。空格处的词与后面的compassionate和accepting并列，共同构成定语从句的表语，由此可推知空格处应填入形容词。空格所在句句意为，我觉得自己比以往任何时候都更受人瞩目，这是我有生以来第一次对自己有一个清晰的认识——我____、富有同情心、能悦纳他人。备选项中只有authentic（真实的；可靠的）符合题意，故为正确答案。
30. suppress
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句谓语成分不全，根据空格前的have to和空格后的a laugh，可推知空格处应填入动词原形。空格所在句及下一句的句意为，因此每当广告商试图向我推销“让时光倒流”的方法时，我只能____笑。就算是付钱给我，我也不愿意退回到年轻时那种欠缺自我意识的状态中去。由此可知，作者对自己现在的状态很满意，并不需要“让时光倒流”，面对推销这类产品的人员会忍不住想笑。suppress a laugh为固定搭配，表示“忍住不笑”，suppress填入空格后符合句意逻辑，故为正确答案。
31. drowned
解析：动词辨析题。分析空格所在句可知，空格处的单词和out共同作narrative的后置定语。结合空格后的by the shame，可推知空格处应填入动词过去分词。空格所在句句意为，但这种说法经常被一种羞耻感所____，商人就是利用我们的这种羞耻感来兜售他们的减肥药、奇迹面霜和透气瑜伽裤。drown out为固定搭配，表示“淹没”，只有drowned填入空格符合句意逻辑，故为正确答案。
32. purchasable
解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格前的a和空格后的commodity，可推知空格处应填入形容词，修饰commodity。空格所在句句意为，商人就是利用我们的这种羞耻感来兜售他们的减肥药、奇迹面霜和透气瑜伽裤，好像自爱是一件____商品。结合上文中的“这种来之不易的自我接纳感是成为年长女性的乐趣之一”，可知作者的态度是，对自我的接纳是来源于阅历的沉淀，而不是通过消费就能买来的。purchasable填入空格符合题意，表示“好像自爱是一件买得来的商品”，故为正确答案。
33. embark
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为并列连词or，通过分析空格所在句，可知to leave dysfunctional relationships和____ on new career paths为or连接的并列成分，共同作后置定语修饰courage。因此空格处应填入动词原形。embark on为固定搭配，表示“开始从事”，因此embark填入空格符合题意，表示“走上新的职业道路”，故embark为正确答案。
34. adversity
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的介词through，可推知空格处应填入名词作介词宾语。空格所在句句意为，其他人则谈到，她们享受独处的乐趣、通过____成长和友谊纽带的加深，也享受自己能变得更有同情心、少评判、多倾听、懂得感激生活中的小幸福。由此可知，这里描述了女性阅历积累的过程。adversity（困境；逆境）填入空格表示“在逆境中的成长”，符合句意逻辑，故为正确答案。
35. depictions
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为than the reductive，空格后为省略关系词的定语从句，可推知空格处应填入名词，作定语从句的先行词与reductive修饰的中心词。空格所在句句意为，40岁以后的生活远非一帆风顺，但比我们在女性杂志和好莱坞大银幕上看到的简化____要丰富得多。在女性杂志和好莱坞大银幕上的应该是对中年女性的“描述”，故空格处应填入与“描述”意思相近的词。depictions（描画；描述）符合题意，故为正确答案。outlines作为干扰项，表示“概述；轮廓”，但多用于表示对事件和计划的概括或人物的身形轮廓，不适用于对女性形象的描绘，因此可排除outlines。
27、(2)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、authentic
B、outlines
C、convey
D、prevalent
E、suppress
F、obscurity
G、embark
H、adversity
I、purchasable
J、submit
K、drowned
L、neglected
M、depictions
N、diminished
O、fragility
解析：见上一题！
What Are the Ethics of CGI Actors—And Will They Replace Real Ones?
【A】Digital humans are coming to a screen near you. As computer-generated imagery (CGI) has become cheaper and more sophisticated, the film industry can now convincingly recreate people on screen—even actors who have been dead for decades. The technology’s ability to effectively keep celebrities alive beyond the grave is raising questions about public legacies and image rights.【B】Late in 2019, it was announced that US actor James Dean, who died in 1955, will star in a Vietnam War film scheduled for release later this year. In the film, which will be called Finding Jack, Dean will be recreated on screen with CGI based on old footage (影片镜头) and photographs, with another actor voicing him. The news was met with excitement by those keen to see Dean digitally brought back to life for only his fourth film, but it also drew sharp criticism. “This is puppeteering the dead for their fame alone,” actress Nelda Williams wrote on Twitter. “It sets such an awful precedent for the future of performance.” Her father, Robin Williams, who died in 2014, was keen to avoid the same fate. Before his death, he filed a deed protecting the use of his image until 2039，preventing others from recreating him using CGI to appear in a film, TV show or as a hologram (全息影像).【C】The James Dean film is a way to keep the actor’s image relevant for younger generations, says Mark Koestler of CMG Worldwide, the firm that represents Dean’s estate. “I think this is the beginning of an entire wave,” says Travis Cloyd, CEO of Worldwide XR, one of the companies behind the digital recreation of Dean. “Moving into the future, we want James Dean to be brought into different gaming environments, or different virtual reality environments, or augmented reality environments,” he says.【D】Other actors have been revived, with the permission of their estates, for advertising purposes: for example, a 2011 advertisement for Dior featured contemporary actress Charlize Theron alongside iconic 20th-century stars Marilyn Monroe, Grace Kelly and Marlene Dietrich. Later, Audrey Hepburn was digitally recreated for a chocolate commercial in 2013. In the same year, a CGI Bruce Lee appeared in a Chinese-language ad for a whisky brand, which offended many fans because Lee was widely known not to drink alcohol at all. “In the last five years, it’s become more affordable and more achievable in a whole movie,” says Tim Webber at UK visual effects firm Framestore, the company behind the Hepburn chocolate ad. Framestore used body doubles with resemblance to Hepburn’s facial structure and body shape as a framework for manual animation. The process was extremely difficult and expensive, says Webber, but the technology has moved on.【E】Now, a person can be animated from scratch. “If they’re alive today, you can put them in scanning rigs, you can get every detail of their body analysed very carefully and that makes it much easier, whereas working from available photographs is tricky,” says Webber, who won an Academy Award for his visual effects work on the 2013 film Gravity. “I also see a lot of actors today who will have the desire to take advantage of this technology: to have their likeness captured and stored for future content,” says Cloyd. “They foresee this being something that could give their estates and give their families the ability to make money from their likeness when they’re gone.”【F】A hidden hazard of digitally recreating a deceased (已故的) celebrity is the risk of damaging their legacy. “We have to respect the security and the integrity of rights holders,” says John Canning at Digital Domain, a US firm that created a hologram rapper (说唱艺人) Tupac Shakur, which appeared at the Coachella music festival in 2012, 15 years after his death.【G】Legally, a person’s rights to control the commercial use of their name and image beyond their death differ between and even within countries. In certain US states, for example, these rights are treated similarly to property rights, and are transferable to a person’s heirs. In California, under the Celebrities Rights Act, the personality rights for a celebrity last for 70 years after their death. “We’ve got a societal debate going on about access to our public commons, as it were, about famous faces,” says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK. Should the public be allowed to use or reproduce images of famous people, given how iconic they are? And what is in the best interest of a deceased person’s legacy may conflict with the desires of their family or the public, says Edwards.【H】A recreation, however lifelike, will never be indistinguishable from a real actor, says Webber. “When we are bringing someone back, representing someone who is no longer alive on the screen, what we are doing is extremely sophisticated digital make-up,” he says. “A performance is a lot more than a physical resemblance.”【I】As it becomes easier to digitally recreate celebrities and to entirely manufacture on-screen identities, could this kind of technology put actors out of jobs? “I think actors are worried about this,” says Edwards. “But I think it will take a very long time.” This is partly because of the risk that viewers find virtual humans scary. Edwards cites widespread backlash to the digital recreation of Carrie Fisher as a young Princess Leia in Rogue One, a trick later repeated in the recent Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, which was filmed after Fisher’s death in 2016. “People didn’t like it,” she says. “They discovered the uncanny valley (诡异谷).”【J】This refers to the idea that when objects trying to resemble humans aren’t quite perfect, they can make viewers feel uneasy because they fall somewhere between obviously non-human and fully human. “That’s always a danger when you’re doing anything human or human-like,” says Webber. “There’re a thousand things that could go wrong with a computer-generated facial performance, and any one of those could make it fall into the uncanny valley,” he says. “Your brain just knows there’s something wrong.” The problem often arises around the eyes or mouth, says Webber. “They’re the areas that you look at when you’re talking to someone.”【K】An unfamiliar digital human that has been created through CGI will also face the same challenge as an unknown actor: they don’t have the appeal of an established name. “You have to spend substantial capital in creating awareness around their likeness and making sure people are familiar with who they are,” says Cloyd. This is now starting to happen. “The way you pre-sell a movie in a foreign market is based on relevant talent,” he says. “I think we’re a long way away from having virtual beings that have the ability to pre-sell content.”
【L】Webber expects that we will see more digital humans on screen. “It’s happening because it can happen,” he says. Referring to a line from Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园), he adds: “People are too busy thinking about what they can do to think about whether they should do it.”
36、36. There is an ongoing debate among the public as to whether the images of deceased celebrities should be recreated.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：36. 公众正在争论是否应该重现已故名人的形象。
解析：G。根据题干中的ongoing debate可定位至原文G段。该段第四句提到，我们的社会正在展开一场辩论，主题是名人的面孔是否能像过去那样供普通大众取用。题干中的an ongoing debate among the public是对该段第四句中a societal debate going on的同义改写，the images of deceased celebrities对应该段第五句中的images of famous people，recreated是对该句中reproduce的同义替换，故题干是对原文G段部分内容的同义转述。
37. CGI技术可以在新的场景中向年轻人呈现已故的詹姆斯·迪恩的影像。
解析：C。根据题干中的James Dean、young people和new settings可定位至原文C段。该段第一句提到，这部詹姆斯·迪恩的电影是让年轻一代了解他的一种方式。该段最后一句提到，拉维斯·克罗伊德说，“展望未来，我们希望詹姆斯·迪恩能出现在不同的游戏场景、不同的虚拟现实场景，或者是增强现实场景中。”题干中的the image of the deceased James Dean对应原文C段第一句中的the actor’s image，young people是对该句中younger generations的同义替换，in new settings是对C段最后一句中若干个场景的概括总结，故题干是对原文C段部分内容的同义转述。
38. CGI技术重现的已故名人形象很可能与演员真人不符，特别是在面部表情上。
解析：J。根据题干中的fail to match和facial expressions可定位至原文J段。该段开头提到，模仿人类的目标对象可能并不完美，第三句提到，电脑生成的面部表情可能会出现上千种错误，其中任何一种都可能让其产生诡异谷效应。由此可知，用CGI技术重现形象很难做到完美，容易在面部表情上出错。题干中的CGI-recreated image对应第一句中的objects trying to resemble humans，fail to match对应J段第一句中的aren’t quite perfect，facial expressions对应J段第三句中的facial performance，故题干是对原文J段部分内容的概括总结。
39. 使用数码技术可以使已故名人的图像重新出现在银幕上。
解析：A。根据题干中的digital technology、deceased celebrities和bring...back to the screen可定位至原文A段。该段提到，CGI这一数码技术可以再现银幕上的人物，甚至是已经去世几十年的演员。题干中的digital technology对应A段开头的Digital humans，bring...back to the screen是对该段第二句中recreate people on screen的同义替换，deceased celebrities对应第二句中的actors who have been dead for decades，故题干是对原文A段部分内容的概括总结。
40. 重现已故的著名演员可能会侵犯他们的合法权利。
解析：F。根据题干中的violate their legitimate rights可定位至原文F段第一句。该句提到，利用数字技术“复活”已故名人的一个隐患是，这样做可能会损害他们的遗产。题干中的Recreating a deceased famous actor or actress是对定位句中recreating a deceased celebrity的同义替换，violate是damage的同义词，their legitimate rights是对their legacy的同义替换，故题干是对原文F段第一句的同义转述。
41. 更多由CGI技术重现的已故名人形象有望出现在银幕上。
解析：L。根据题干中的More CGI-recreated images、are expected和on screen可定位至原文L段第一句。该句提到，韦伯预计我们将在银幕上看到更多的数字人物。题干中的More CGI-recreated images对应定位句中的more digital humans，are expected to appear on screen是对该句中expects that we will see...on screen的同义替换，故题干是对原文L段第一句的同义转述。
42. 詹姆斯·迪恩的形象将被重现在银幕上，由其他人为其配音。
解析：B。根据题干中的James Dean和with his voice dubbed by someone else可定位至原文B段第二句。该句提到，在一部名为《寻找杰克》的电影中，CGI技术将利用以前的视频影像和图片资料在银幕上重现迪恩，由另一位演员为他配音。题干中的James Dean和will be recreated on screen为原词复现，with his voice dubbed by someone else是对定位句中with another actor voicing him的同义替换，故题干是对原文B段第二句的同义转述。
43. 无论CGI技术多么先进，重现的形象都会在某种程度上与真人演员有差别。
解析：H。根据题干中的differ in a way from the real actor可定位至原文H段第一句。该句提到，重现的演员形象无论多么逼真，都无法做到真假难分。题干中的However advanced the CGI technology is是对定位句中however lifelike的同义改写，the recreated image对应A recreation，differ in a way from the real actor是对never be indistinguishable from a real actor的同义替换，故题干是对原文H段第一句的同义转述。
44. 现在有很多演员可能会利用CGI技术来存储自己的形象，使其家人受益。
解析：E。根据题干中的A lot of actors today、make use of the CGI technology、have their images stored和their families可定位至原文E段最后两句。该处提到，今天有很多演员希望能利用CGI技术来绘制自己的形象并存储起来，以备将来使用。他们预见到，在他们死后，这能让他们的产业和家人利用自己的形象赚钱。题干中的A lot of actors today为原词复现，make use of the CGI technology是对倒数第二句中take advantage of this technology的同义替换，have their images stored是对该句中have their likeness...stored的同义改写，for the benefit of their families对应最后一句中的give their families the ability to make money，故题干是对原文E段最后两句的概括总结。
45. 一些演员担心他们可能会因为CGI技术而失业。
解析：I。根据题干中的actors are concerned和lose jobs可定位至原文I段前两句。该处提到，随着以数字化再现名人和完整创造银幕形象变得越来越容易，这种技术会让演员失业吗？爱德华兹表示演员们对此很担心。题干中的actors are concerned是对I段第二句中actors are worried的同义替换，lose jobs是对第一句中out of jobs的同义替换，because of the CGI technology对应该句中的this kind of technology，故题干是对原文I段前两句部分内容的同义转述。
37、37. The CGI technology allows the image of the deceased James Dean to be presented to young people in new settings.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
38、38. It is very likely that the CGI-recreated image of a deceased celebrity will fail to match the real actor especially in facial expressions.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
39、39. The use of digital technology can bring images of deceased celebrities back to the screen.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
40、40. Recreating a deceased famous actor or actress may violate their legitimate rights.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
41、41. More CGI-recreated images of deceased celebrities are expected to appear on screen.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
42、42. The image of James Dean will be recreated on screen with his voice dubbed by someone else.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
43、43. However advanced the CGI technology is, the recreated image will differ in a way from the real actor.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
44、44. A lot of actors today are likely to make use of the CGI technology to have their images stored for the benefit of their families.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
45、45. Some actors are concerned that they may lose jobs because of the CGI technology.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
解析：见上一题！
You can’t see it, smell it, or hear it, and people disagree on how precisely to define it, or where exactly it comes from. It isn’t a school subject or an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required of artists, but it is also present in the lives of scientists and entrepreneurs. All of us benefit from it and we thrive mentally and spiritually when we are able to wield it. It is a delicate thing, easily stamped out; in fact, it flourishes most fully when people are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it works best in conjunction with deep knowledge and expertise.
This mysterious—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject of a recently-published report by Durham Commission on Creativity and Education. The report concludes that creativity should not inhabit the school curriculum only as it relates to drama, music, art and other obviously creative subjects, but that creative thinking ought to run through all of school life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.
The authors, who focus on education in England, offer a number of sensible recommendations, some of which are an attempt to alleviate the uninspiring and fact-based approach to education that has crept into policy in recent years. When children are regarded as vessels to be filled with facts, creativity does not prosper; nor does it when teachers’ sole objective is coaching children towards exams. One suggestion from the commission is a network of teacher-led “creativity collaboratives”, along the lines of existing maths hubs (中心)，with the aim of supporting teaching for creativity through the school curriculum.
Nevertheless, it is arts subjects through which creativity can most obviously be fostered. The value placed on them by the independent education sector is clear. One only has to look at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’s top private schools to comprehend this. But in the state sector the excessive focus on English, maths and science threatens to crush arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced school budgets mean diminishing extracurricular activities. There has been a 28.1% decline in students taking creative subjects at high schools since 2014, though happily, art and design have seen a recent increase.
This discrepancy between state and private education is a matter of social justice. It is simply wrong and unfair that most children have a fraction of the access to choirs, orchestras, art studios and drama that their more privileged peers enjoy. As lives are affected by any number of looming challenges—climate crisis, automation in the workplace—humans are going to need creative thinking more than ever. For all of our sakes, creativity in education, and for all, must become a priority.
46、46. What do we learn from the passage about creativity?
A、It develops best when people are spiritually prepared.
B、It is most often wielded by scientists and entrepreneurs.
C、It is founded on scientific knowledge and analytical skills.
D、It contributes to intellectual growth but can easily be killed.
解析：
解析：D。根据题文同序原则以及选项中的spiritually、scientists、entrepreneurs和knowledge可定位至第一段。文章第一段第四、五句提到，我们所有人都能从中受益，当我们能够运用它时，我们的精神和心灵就能日益强盛。它很脆弱，很容易遭到破坏。随后文章在第二段开头解释了第一段中的“它”指的就是创造力。D项与此内容相符，其中的contributes to intellectual growth对应第一段第四句中的we thrive mentally and spiritually when...，easily be killed对应第五句中的easily stamped out，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文第一段中出现的spiritually设置干扰，但“做好准备”这一信息在原文中无依据，故排除。B项利用文中出现的scientists and entrepreneurs和wield设置干扰，但原文只提到，创造力存在于科学家和企业家的生活中，并没有提到最常被这些人所使用，故排除B项。C项利用第一段最后的knowledge进行干扰，但analytical skills在原文中无依据，故排除。
47、47. What is the conclusion of a recently-published report?
A、Natural sciences should be learned the way humanities courses are.
B、Cultivation of creativity should permeate the entire school curriculum.
C、Art courses should be made compulsory for all students.
D、Students should learn more obviously creative subjects.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的a recently-published report和conclusion可定位至原文第二段第二句。该句提到，该报告的结论是，创造性思维的培养应贯穿于学校生活的所有方面，融入到人文学科和自然科学的学习方法当中去。B项与此内容相符，其中的Cultivation of creativity对应第二段第二句中的creative thinking，permeate the entire school curriculum是对该句中run through all of school life的同义改写，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用第二段结尾的humanities and natural sciences设置干扰，但原文中只是说创造力的培养应该融入这两类学科的学习方法当中去，没有提及两类学科的学习方法具体是怎样的，故排除A项。原文中只提到应该将创造力的培养贯穿于学校生活的所有方面，没有说艺术课程是否应该成为必修课，故排除C项。D项利用第二段中的obviously creative subjects设置干扰，但作者意在强调创造力的培养不应仅限于明显有创造性的学科，而是应该贯穿于所有学科中，不应厚此薄彼，D项与文意不符，故排除。
48、48. What does the report say is detrimental to the fostering of creativity?
A、Alleviation of pressure.
B、Teacher-led school activities.
C、Test-oriented teaching.
D、Independent learning.
解析：
解析：C。原文第三段第二句提到，当儿童被视为装满事实的容器时，创造力就无法发展；当教师的唯一目标是指导学生应付考试时，创造力就无法培养。由此可知，以事实为基础的填鸭式教育和应试教育都不利于创造力的培养。故C项为正确答案，对应定位句中的coaching children towards exams。
错项排除：A项利用原文第三段第一句中的alleviate设置干扰，但原文中未提及压力的疏解，故排除A项。原文中虽然提到了由教师主导的“创意合作”网络体系，但这是有利于培养创造力的，故排除B项。D项利用第四段中出现的independent进行干扰，但文中说的是“私立教育机构”，“自主学习”在原文中无依据，故排除。
49、49. What do we learn about the private schools in the UK?
A、They encourage extracurricular activities.
B、They attach great importance to arts education.
C、They prioritize arts subjects over maths and sciences.
D、They cater to students from different family backgrounds.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的private schools in the UK可定位至原文第四段。该段第二、三句提到，私立教育机构对艺术学科的重视是显而易见的。人们只需看看英国顶级私立学校优秀的艺术设施就能理解这一点。由此可知，英国的私立学校拥有优秀的艺术设施，非常重视艺术学科。B项与此内容相符，其中的attach great importance对应第四段第二句中的The value placed on them，arts education对应该段中的arts subjects和arts facilities，故B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项和C项分别利用第四段中出现的extracurricular activities和maths and science设置干扰，但原文中只是说公立学校过度关注数学和科学，且课外活动在减少，未提到私立学校的情况，故排除A项和C项。原文第五段中提到享有特权的学生和大多数学生之间的差别，可知私立学校并没有满足不同家庭背景学生的需要，故排除D项。
50、50. What should be done to meet the future challenges?
A、Increasing government investment in school education.
B、Narrowing the existing gap between the rich and the poor.
C、Providing all children with equal access to arts education.
D、Focusing on meeting the needs of under-privileged students.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的future challenges可定位至原文最后一句。该句提到，为了我们自己着想，必须优先考虑在教育中培养创造力，并惠及所有学生。结合上文中提到的艺术教育存在不公平的问题，鉴于艺术教育和创造力教育之间的密切关系，可知最后一句中说到的creativity in education, and for all指的是实现艺术教育的公平，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中未提及“加大政府投入”的相关信息，故排除A项。原文最后一段虽然提到了教育公平问题，但没有扩大到“缩小贫富差距”这个层面，故排除B项。原文中虽然提到享有特权的（more privileged）学生和大多数学生之间的差别，但没有提到要重点满足弱势学生的需求，故排除D项。
Emulating your conversation partner’s actions is a common human behavior classified as “mirroring” and has been known and studied by psychologists for years. We all tend to subconsciously copy gestures of people we like. But why do we act like this?
As a rule, mirroring means that conversationalists enjoy their communication and that there’s a certain level of agreement between them. The topic of discussion is equally interesting for both and they know their interests meet.
Repeating someone’s behavior is typical of talented communicators, not always because the person is sympathetic, but because there is a goal to be achieved. This way new idols have been brought to the stage: politicians, celebrities, and other big names. Popular culture makes people want to look popular, and act and speak like popular people.
Nowadays celebrities steal lyrics from each other and struggle with copyright violation accusations or straightforwardly claim themselves to be the authors, even though all the work was done by other people.
Among celebrities, it’s trendy nowadays to use their own speech writers as politicians do. The so-called “ghostwriting” can take various forms: books, articles, autobiographies, and even social media posts.
Who is a true copycat (抄袭者) and who gets copycatted? Sometimes, it is a hard nut to crack without an expert’s help. But new authorship defending methods based on identifying individual writing patterns are already here. Their aim is to protect intellectual property. Using scientific methods, some of them can define authorship with 85% accuracy.
Writing is not an easy craft to master. If you want to write like a professional without plagiarism (抄袭)，there are a few lessons to learn and the first one is: “Copy from one, it’s plagiarism; copy from two, it’s research.” The correct interpretation of this statement is not about copying, but rather about creating your own style. When you study an author’s writing style, don’t stop on a single one, but explore numerous styles instead. Examine types of sentences they use, pay attention to their metaphors, and focus on stories you feel you could write a pretty cool sequel (续篇) to.
Imitation is rather paradoxical. As an integral part of learning, it brings about positive changes, making people develop and grow. However, it may do a lot of harm. Copying someone’s thoughts, ideas or inventions is completely unacceptable. It infringes on intellectual property rights of others.
Still, many things we do are about copying others one way or another. So if you want to compliment someone on the work they have done and imitate it, just make sure you do it the right way to avoid committing plagiarism.
51、51. What do people tend to do while engaging in a conversation?
A、Repeat what their partners say one way or another.
B、Focus as much as possible on topics of mutual interest.
C、Imitate their partners’ gestures without their knowing it.
D、Observe carefully how their partners make use of gestures.
解析：
解析：C。根据题干中的in a conversation可定位至原文第一段。该段前两句提到，模仿谈话对象的行为是一种常见的人类行为，我们都会下意识地模仿我们喜欢的人的姿势。C项与此内容相符，其中的Imitate their partners’ gestures对应第一段中的Emulating your conversation partner’s actions和copy gestures of people we like，without their knowing it对应subconsciously，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中只提到了人们常常在谈话时模仿对方的姿势，但没有提到会“重复对方的话”或“仔细观察对方的姿势”，故排除A项和D项。B项利用原文第二段结尾的they know their interests meet设置干扰，但这里说的是人们做出镜像行为的情况，而不是人们在谈话时倾向于做的事，故排除B项。
52、52. When does mirroring usually take place in a conversation?
A、When both sides are sympathetic with each other.
B、When both sides have a lot of things in common.
C、When both sides make interesting contributions.
D、When both sides try to seek common ground.
解析：
解析：B。根据题干中的mirroring和conversation可定位至原文第二段。该段第一句提到，做出镜像行为意味着谈话者喜欢他们的交流，而且他们之间达成了一定程度的共识。讨论的话题对双方而言都同样有趣，而且他们知道彼此兴趣相投。B项是对此内容的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用原文第三段中的sympathetic设置干扰，但这里说的是沟通高手做出镜像行为并不总是出于赞同，故排除A项。C项利用第二段中的interesting设置干扰，但这里说的是双方都对话题感兴趣，而不是双方都提出了有趣的观点，故排除C项。原文中并没有说需要刻意去寻求双方的共同点，故排除D项。
53、53. What do we learn about popular culture?
A、It encourages people to imitate.
B、It appeals mostly to big names.
C、It acquaints young people with their idols.
D、It can change people’s mode of cognition.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的popular culture可定位至原文第三段最后一句。该句提到，流行文化使人们想要看起来受欢迎，并像受欢迎的人一样说话做事。由此可知，流行文化会让人们想要去模仿那些受欢迎的人，故A项为正确答案，其中的imitate是对定位句中act and speak like的同义替换。
错项排除：B项和C项分别利用第三段中的big names和idols设置干扰，但appeals mostly和acquaints young people在原文中均无依据，故排除B、C两项。原文中虽然提到流行文化会让人们想要看起来受欢迎，但还没有达到“改变认知方式”的地步，故排除D项。
54、54. Why is the saying “copy from two, it’s research” a lesson to learn?
A、It facilitates the creation of one’s own writing style.
B、It helps to protect one’s intellectual property rights.
C、It fosters correct interpretation of professional writing.
D、It enables one to write intriguing sequels to famous stories.
解析：
解析：A。根据题干中的copy from two, it’s research可定位到原文第七段第二句。该段第三句提到，这句话的正确解释并不是让我们去抄袭，而是要创造自己的风格。A项与此内容相符，其中的the creation of one’s own writing style是对第七段第三句中creating your own style的同义替换，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项利用原文第八段结尾的intellectual property rights设置干扰，但原文中并没有将题干中引用的话与知识产权联系起来，故排除B项。C项利用第七段中的correct interpretation设置干扰，但这里说的是对这句话的正确解释，并没有提到对专业写作的正确理解，故排除C项。D项利用第七段结尾的write a pretty cool sequel设置干扰，但这里是在讨论如何研究他人的写作风格，与题干无关，故排除D项。
55、55. Why does the author say imitation is rather paradoxical?
A、It is liable to different interpretations.
B、It is by and large a necessary evil.
C、It can give rise to endless disputes.
D、It may do harm as well as good.
解析：
解析：D。根据题干中的imitation is rather paradoxical可定位至原文第八段第一句，该段后面的内容都是对这句话的解释。该段第二、三句提到，作为学习的一个组成部分，它能带来积极的变化，使人得以成长。然而，它也可能会造成很大的伤害。D项是对这两句话的概括总结，故为正确答案。
错项排除：原文中只提到了模仿所带来的影响，并没有提到对模仿的不同解释，故排除A项。原文中只是说模仿可能会带来伤害，但并没有说这是一种有必要的恶行，故B项错误。C项在原文中无依据，故排除。
三、Part IV Translation
56、 云南是位于中国西南的一个省份，平均海拔1500米。云南历史悠久，风景秀丽，气候宜人。云南生态环境优越，生物多种多样，被誉为野生动植物的天堂。云南还有多种矿藏和充足的水资源，为全省经济的可持续发展提供了有利条件。
云南居住着25个少数民族，他们大多有自己的语言、习俗和宗教。云南独特的自然景色和丰富的民族文化使其成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，每年都吸引着大批国内外游客前往观光旅游。
参考答案：
参考译文
Yunnan is a province located in southwest China with an average altitude of 1,500 metres. Yunnan features a long history, picturesque landscapes and pleasant climate. With its superior ecological environment and diverse species, Yunnan is praised as a paradise for wild animals and plants. In addition, Yunnan boasts various mineral resources and abundant water resources, providing favourable conditions for the sustainable development of the whole province’s economy.
Yunnan is home to 25 minorities, most of which have their own languages, customs and religions. The unique natural scenery and rich ethnic cultures make Yunnan one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, attracting a multitude of domestic and foreign tourists every year.
解析：
词汇难点
海拔 altitude
风景秀丽 picturesque landscapes
气候宜人 pleasant climate
生态环境 ecological environment
优越 superior
被誉为 be praised as
天堂 paradise
矿藏 mineral resources
可持续发展 sustainable development
有利条件 favourable conditions
少数民族 minority
习俗 custom
自然景色 natural scenery
目的地 destination
大批 a multitude of
国内外游客 domestic and foreign tourists
表达难点
第一句：本句可将“云南是……一个省份”作为句子主干，其中“位于中国西南”可译为located in southwest China作为“省份”的后置定语；将“平均海拔1500米”处理为with结构作伴随状语。
第二句：本句缺少谓语动词，可用feature作谓语动词，表示云南具有的特点，可将“历史悠久，风景秀丽，气候宜人”处理为并列宾语。
第三句：本句可将“被誉为野生动植物的天堂”作为句子主干，将“生态环境优越，生物多种多样”用with结构表示，其中“生物多种多样”可译为diverse species。
第四句：本句可将“云南还有多种矿藏和充足的水资源”作为句子主干，其中“还”可用In addition表示，体现递进关系，放在句首；可以用boast来表示“有（某种值得自豪的东西）”，“多种矿藏和充足的水资源”可译为various mineral resources and abundant water resources。将“为全省经济的可持续发展提供了有利条件”处理为现在分词作结果状语，用词组provide...for...表示“为……提供……”。
第五句：本句可将“云南居住着25个少数民族”作为主句，其中“居住着”可用be home to...表示，后面分句中的“他们”即指前一分句中的“少数民族”，因此可将“他们大多有自己的语言、习俗和宗教”处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句。第六句：本句可将“云南……使其成为……旅游目的地之一”作为句子主干，将后半句处理为现在分词短语作结果状语。
四、Part I Writing
57、
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the chart below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and comment on China’s achievements in poverty alleviation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
参考答案：
参考范文
As is depicted in the bar chart, China has made great achievements in its endeavor to lift its rural population out of poverty. To be concrete, the rural population in poverty in China has been decreasing continuously, from about 90 million in 2012 to less than 10 million in 2020.
This success can be attributed to the following reasons. First, China has made a series of reforms to help rural people get rid of poverty, including carrying out policies and providing subsidies. Second, the urbanization of China has attracted many rural people to work in the cities, which also contributes to the decrease of China’s rural population living in poverty. Third, people in rural places have diversified income channels, such as livestreaming marketing or developing specialty industries.
The list of causes could go on, but these are already enough to indicate that China’s efforts in overcoming poverty have scaled new heights. This achievement will surely improve the overall living standards of Chinese people.
参考译文
如图所示，中国在努力使农村人口脱贫方面取得了巨大成就。具体而言，中国农村贫困人口持续减少，从2012年的约9000万减少到2020年的不足1000万。
这一成功可归因于以下几点。首先，中国进行了一系列改革，帮助农村人民摆脱贫困，包括施行政策和提供各项补贴。第二，中国的城市化吸引了许多农村人口进城务工，这也导致了中国农村贫困人口的减少。第三，农村居民的收入渠道多样化，比如直播带货、发展特色产业等。
原因还有很多，但以上几点已经足以表明，中国在克服贫困方面的努力已经达到了新的高度。这一成就必将提高中国人民的总体生活水平。
解析：
写作指南
从题干可以看出，本次写作为图表类作文，要求考生对图表信息做简单的描述，然后就中国在扶贫方面取得的成就提出自己的看法。从图表中可以看出，中国的贫困人口呈逐年下降的趋势，考生可以先描述图表信息，然后分析我国扶贫取得重大成就的原因，最后进行总结。
文章大纲
第一段：简要描述图表信息，即中国贫困人口持续下降。
第二段：可以从国家政策、地区经济、个人收入三个层面分析贫困人口下降的原因。
第三段：进行总结：中国扶贫取得了巨大成就。
喵呜刷题：让学习像火箭一样快速，快来微信扫码，体验免费刷题服务，开启你的学习加速器！
