一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Weird.
B、Efficient.
C、Tolerant.
D、Toxic.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
1. How does the woman describe her previous company’s culture?（女士如何描述她上一家公司的文化？）
解析：D。录音前面部分女士说到，上一家公司崇尚直截了当，这创造了一种极其有害的文化，toxic为原词复现，它除了表示“有毒的”，还有“极其有害的”之意，因此D选项符合题意。
错项排除：A选项在录音中未提及，故排除。B项利用录音开头出现的efficiency作干扰，但录音中女士说的是有关她上一家公司上级的情况，并不是在评价公司文化，故B项错误。录音中男士说自己所在公司的管理层往往通融友善，因此C项形容的是男士所在公司的管理者，并非女士上一家公司的文化，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They are arrogant.
B、They are ignorant.
C、They are ambitious.
D、They are accommodating.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
2. What does the man say about his company’s managers?（关于所在公司的管理层，男士说了什么？）
解析：D。录音中男士表示，他所在公司的管理层都比较通融友善，他们常常忽略掉错误和问题，以免伤感情。D项中的关键词accommodating为原词复现，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项和C项的关键词arrogant和ambitious在录音中未提及，故排除。B项利用录音中出现的ignored作干扰，但录音中说的是男士所在公司的管理层常忽略掉错误和问题，以免伤感情，在问题引发危机前，一直是被忽略的（ignored）的状态，并不是说他们很无知。此处的ignored为动词ignore（忽略）的过去式，与形容词ignorant（无知的）表示不同的含义，故B项错误。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can think big.
B、They can air their views.
C、They can break conventions.
D、They can work flexible hours.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
3. What does the woman say the employees in her new company can do?（女士说她新入职公司的员工能做什么？）
解析：B。录音中女士表示，在她新入职的公司，员工有发言权，可以提供反馈、提出异议并实时讨论问题。由此可知，该公司的员工可以发表自己的观点。B项中的air their views是对录音中have the power to speak up的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：A、C、D三个选项中的关键词think big、break conventions和work flexible hours在录音中均未提及，故排除这三项。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It can alter people’s mindsets.
B、It can lead to new discoveries.
C、It enables people to learn and grow.
D、It is conducive to critical thinking.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: How are you enjoying your new job?
W: So far, so good. I don’t miss having managers who deliver blunt, harsh feedback in the name of efficiency.
M: From the way you described your last company, no wonder they had a problem with high staff turnover.
W: Yeah, I couldn’t wait to get out of there once my contract expired. (1) [The problem with the company culture that prizes directness above all else is that it creates a toxic culture of brilliant jerks that drives people out and erodes itself from within.]
M: (2) [My company’s managers tend to be accommodating and kind, overlooking mistakes or issues so as not to hurt feelings.] Issues often get ignored there until they build up and reach a crisis point.
W: That’s not surprising. My new company seems to employ a feedback policy that combines compassion and directness. (3) [Employees have the power to speak up, give feedback, disagree and discuss problems in real time.] It seems to help us to course correct, improve and meet challenges while also building teams that collaborate and care for one another.
M: But that would be based on an atmosphere of mutual trust, wouldn’t it? Otherwise, people might interpret feedback as some kind of personal attack.
W: True. Without an atmosphere of trust, feedback can create stress and self-doubt. But I think when we get feedback from someone we trust, we understand that the feedback isn’t some kind of personal attack. It’s actually a kind of support because it’s offered in the spirit of helping us improve. I think sometimes people need to shift their mindsets around how they receive feedback.
M: (4) [Yes. Constructive feedback, after all, is how we learn and grow.] It’s the basis for healthy parenting, lasting friendships, career development, and so much more. If we shelter our children, friends and colleagues from information that might enrich and enhance their lives, we’re not being caring. We’re actually doing harm to them.
W: That’s exactly right.
4. What does the man say about constructive feedback?（关于建设性的反馈，男士说了什么？）
解析：C。录音后面部分男士表示，建设性的反馈是学习和成长的方式。C项中的learn and grow为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中女士表示，有时候人们需要改变他们接受反馈的思维方式，即以正确的心态看待人们的反馈，而不是建设性的反馈会改变人们的思维方式，故A项错误。B项的new discoveries和D项中的critical thinking在录音中未提及，故排除这两项。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He kept looking for the best place to stay.
B、He met many tourists from other countries.
C、He had a great time sightseeing and relaxing.
D、He managed to visit a different city each day.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
5. What does the man say about his holiday? （关于他的假期，男士说了什么？）
解析：A。录音开头男士表示，发现自己不停地搬来搬去，试图找到一个完美的住所。由此可知，假期里男士一直在找最完美的住处，A项中的looking for the best place to stay是对录音中trying to find the perfect place的同义替换，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项利用录音开头出现的tourists作干扰，但录音中说的是男士度假的地方游客不多，并没有说男士遇到了许多来自其他国家的游客，故B项错误。C项利用录音中的relaxing作干扰，录音中说的是男士在假期里没有放松，而是一直在找最完美的住所。因此C项与录音内容相悖，故排除。D项在录音中没有提及，故排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Prioritize what is essential to their best advantage.
B、Stretch out the process in search of the optimal.
C、Deliberate the consequences that may occur.
D、Take all relevant factors into consideration.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
6. What does the woman say people tend to do when making decisions?（女士说人们在做决定时倾向于做什么？）
解析：B。录音中女士表示，人们有一种不断延长决策过程的倾向，因为优化是人类的天性。由此可知人们在做决定时往往会延长寻找最佳方案的过程，B项中的Stretch out和process为原词复现，the optimal对应录音中的optimise，故B项正确。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的Essentially和best进行细节拼凑，故排除。C、D两项中的关键词Deliberate the consequences和all relevant factors在录音中均未提及，故排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Time pressure.
B、Tight budget.
C、Modern technology.
D、Fierce competition.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
7. What has made decision-making increasingly difficult?（是什么让做决定变得越来越困难？）
解析：C。录音中男士表示，由于技术，人们可以更容易地进行比较，有更多的选择和定制机会。但正是由于技术提供了多种选择，做出选择的过程才更困难了，正如女士在录音后面部分所说，这是一种“富贵病”。你必须先有很多选择，才会产生错过更好选择的担忧。由此可知，现代科技让做决定变得越来越困难，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中女士表示，人们有不断延长决策过程的倾向，并不是说时间压力让人们难以抉择，故A项错误。B、D项在录音中未提及，故排除。
8、 Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Research as many different options as possible.
B、Avoid going over the same options repeatedly.
C、Focus on what is practical.
D、Trust their gut instinct.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
W: How was your holiday? Not too many other tourists around, were there?
M: No, very few, relatively. (5) [But I found myself moving from one accommodation to another, trying to find the perfect place.] It made me realize that indecision is a big problem for me. Instead of relaxing, I was looking for the best spot.
W: It seems you suffer from fear of better options. I’ve read about it. It describes this loop of indecision as part of our programming. (6) [Essentially, we have this tendency to keep stretching out the decision-making process, because as human beings, we are hard-wired to optimise.] We have always looked to get the best things we can as a sort of survival of the fittest. Optimising isn’t the problem, but rather the process that we go through.
M: Well, that makes me feel better. (7) [But I think thanks to technology, we can make comparisons more easily and have more access to choice and customisation.] We can now see what we could have, how we might get it and what others have that we might want. (7) [We keep looking over and returning to the same options again and again.]
W: Yes. (7) [Fear of better options offers little benefit. It’s an ailment of abundance.] You must have choices to have that fear of missing out on better options.
M: Yes. I need to note when I’m worrying about inconsequential things, I guess. If I’m spending too much time worrying over what to have for lunch, I’m robbing myself of the energy to focus on the things that matter.
W: Exactly. But for more important matters, I think gut instinct might be overrated. When you have 30 odd options, trusting your gut is not practical. (8) [What you need to do is research—have a process, invest time exploring your options, and eliminate as many things as you can. The most toxic part of decision making is going over the same options time and time again.]
8. According to the woman, what should people do when making important decisions?（根据女士的说法，人们在做重要决定时应该做什么？）
解析：B。录音最后女士表示，当你有30多个选择时，相信自己的直觉是不现实的，需要投入时间去研究并尽可能多地删除一些选项。决策过程中最有害的部分就是一遍又一遍地重复同样的选择。由此可知，做重要决定时应该避免重复同样的选择，B项中的going over the same options为原词复现，repeatedly是对录音中time and time again的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：录音最后女士表示，决策过程中要尽可能多地删除一些选项，而不是尽可能多地研究不同的选择，故A项错误。录音最后女士表示，当有30多个选择时，相信自己的直觉是不现实的，但并没有说应该专注于实际的事情，故C项错误。D选项与“相信自己的直觉是不现实的”这一内容相悖，故错误。
9、 Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It is beneficial to poor as well as rich communities.
B、It is conducive to children’s future development.
C、It is welcome to parents but not to children.
D、It is not of much help to younger children.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
9. What did the 2006 research find about homework?（关于家庭作业，2006年的研究发现了什么？）
解析：D。录音开头表示，一篇2006年的研究论文指出，中学生的家庭作业量与未来的学业成绩之间存在一定的相关性，而这种相关性在年龄更小的孩子身上表现较弱。由此可知，家庭作业对年龄较小的孩子帮助不大，D选项中的not of much help to younger children是对录音中not so much for younger kids的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，斯坦福大学2014年的一项研究表明，加州富裕社区学生的情况与2006年的研究结果一致，而2006年的研究并没有比较家庭作业对富裕和贫穷社区不同学生的影响，故A项错误。该研究表明中学生的家庭作业量与未来的学业成绩之间存在一定的相关性，但并不代表家庭作业有利于孩子未来的发展，B项属于过度引申，故错误。录音中虽然提到了父母对家庭作业的态度，但这并非2006年研究的内容，故C项错误。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may put some students in remote areas at a disadvantage.
B、It gives the majority of students ready access to their teachers.
C、It effectively improves the learning quality of students in rural areas.
D、It can bridge the learning gap between kids of different backgrounds.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
10. What do experts think of homework requiring Internet access?（专家对需要上网的作业有什么看法？）
解析：A。录音中表示，在偏远地区，网络状况不佳或没有网络可能使学生处于不利地位，A项与此内容相符，其中的put some students、in remote areas和at a disadvantage为原词复现，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音表示，专家认为，需要上网才能完成的家庭作业是不公平的。因此专家对作业需要上网这件事的看法是负面的，B、C、D三项均为对作业需要上网的积极看法，故排除这三项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Diligent students tend to do their homework independently.
B、The focus of homework should always be on school subjects.
C、Doing homework exerts a positive effect on kids’ personality development.
D、The benefits of doing homework vary widely from individual to individual.
解析：
听力原文
The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate. Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework. But do all students benefit from homework? (9) [A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount of homework done by a student and future academic achievement for middle and high school students, but not so much for younger kids.]
A Stanford study in 2014 suggested that the same was true for students in California’s affluent communities. The findings challenged the idea that homework was “inherently good”. The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to the correlation between homework and achievement, suggesting that high school students shouldn’t be doing more than two hours of homework a night. And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary-level children was simply assigned free reading.
The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the divide between rural and urban communities. (10) [Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,] because 70% of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access. But one in three households doesn’t have Internet. Experts assert homework requiring the Internet isn’t fair.
While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements, there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework. (11) [A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students’ personalities, suggesting that doing homework might help kids to become more conscientious and independent learners.]
11. What conclusion could be drawn from the study in Germany?（从德国的研究中可以得出什么结论？）
解析：C。录音中表示，家庭作业可能会对学生的性格产生影响，这表明做家庭作业可能有助于孩子成为更认真、更独立的学习者。由此可知家庭作业对孩子性格的影响是积极的，故C项正确。
错项排除：德国的研究发现家庭作业对孩子的影响是在性格方面，录音中并没有提到其他研究结论，A、B、D三项利用录音中出现的independent、focusing和benefits进行干扰，故均可排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was something he apologized for later.
B、It was ridiculed by the New York Times.
C、It was a forty-nine-year plan.
D、It was considered visionary.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
12. What do we learn about Goddard’s idea of using rockets for space exploration?（关于戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：B。录音中表示，1920年1月，《纽约时报》嘲笑戈达德的火箭可以用于太空探索的理论。由此可知戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法曾遭到《纽约时报》的嘲笑，B项中的ridiculed和New York Times为原词复现，故B项正确。
错项排除：录音中说1920年1月，《纽约时报》嘲笑戈达德的火箭可以用于太空探索的理论。49年后，阿波罗11号抵达月球，《纽约时报》发表了对戈达德的道歉。因此道歉指的是《纽约时报》后来的道歉，并非戈达德道歉，A项错误。49指的是49年后，阿波罗11号抵达月球，并不是说戈达德利用火箭进行太空探索的想法是一个为期49年的计划，因此C项错误。D项利用录音中出现的visionaries进行干扰，但录音说戈达德像很多有远见的人一样受到人们怀疑，D项与此相悖，故排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It was of great significance to rocket science.
B、It was completed in the state of New Mexico.
C、It was somehow delayed about 12 minutes.
D、It failed due to a sudden change of weather.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
13. What does the passage say about Goddard’s first rocket launch? （关于戈达德的第一次火箭发射，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。录音中表示，戈达德的第一次火箭飞行是火箭科学的一个里程碑。由此可知，戈达德的第一次火箭发射对火箭科学具有重大意义，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，1926年3月，戈达德在家乡马萨诸塞州一位阿姨的农场发射了他的第一枚火箭，因此B项错误。录音中的12指的是火箭只飞了12米高，因此C项错误。录音中提到戈达德咨询了气象专家（weather expert），认为新墨西哥州的气候（climate）全年都适合发射火箭。虽然气候是火箭发射的一个重要条件，但录音中并未说第一次火箭发射失败是由于天气原因，故D项排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、A laboratory and test range was already set up there.
B、Its climate was ideal for year-round rocket launching.
C、A weather expert invited him to go there for his mission.
D、Its remote valleys were appealing to him and his family.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
14. Why did Goddard move to New Mexico?（为什么戈达德要搬到新墨西哥州？）
解析：B。录音中表示，新墨西哥州的气候全年都满足火箭发射的理想条件（ideal for year-round rocket launches），B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中表示，戈达德在搬到新墨西哥州之后建立了实验室和试验场，并非因为那里有实验室和试验场才搬过去的，故A项错误。录音中表示，戈达德后来咨询了气象专家，确定新墨西哥州的气候全年都满足火箭发射的理想条件，并非气象专家邀请他去新墨西哥州，故C项错误。录音中只说到戈达德和他的家人迁到一个偏远的山谷，并没有说他们是否被所吸引，故D项错误。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He won an award from the US government for his work.
B、He gained recognition from rocket scientists worldwide.
C、He was granted over 200 patents in rocket technology.
D、He boosted the military strength of the United States.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
Robert Goddard, an American born in 1882, is widely regarded as the world’s first rocket scientist. At age 27, Goddard published his first book, in which he hypothesized that a rocket launched from earth could reach the moon. Like many visionaries, the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics. (12) [In January 1920, the New York Times ridiculed Goddard’s theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.] 49 years later, Apollo 11 reached the moon, and the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.
Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunt’s farm in his native Massachusetts in March,1926. His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds. It scaled an altitude of only 12 metres. (13) [Nonetheless, it was a milestone in rocket science.]
Goddard later consulted with a weather expert and (14) [determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.] In 1930, Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the country. There he established a laboratory and test range. However, the ambitious scientist received negligible support from the government. For four years, wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual $25,000 grant to pursue his dreams. Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.
Over time, Goddard’s rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments. In spite of his many successes, Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket propelled weapons. (15) [He was granted over 200 patents and continued to pioneer rocket technology until his death in 1945.]
15. What does the passage say about Goddard’s achievements?（关于戈达德的成就，这篇文章说了些什么？）
解析：C。录音中表示，戈达德一直从事火箭技术的开拓性工作，并获得了200多项专利，C项中的over 200 patents和rocket technology为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，这位雄心勃勃的科学家得到的政府支持却微乎其微（negligible support），故A项错误。录音开始提到，戈达德被公认为是世界上第一位火箭科学家，并非说他的成就被火箭科学家认可，B项利用个别单词的相关性进行干扰，故排除。录音中表示，尽管戈达德取得了许多成功，但他始终未能引起美国军方对火箭推进武器的兴趣，故D项错误。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It requires entrepreneurial experience.
B、It is usually financially rewarding.
C、It can be quite frustrating.
D、It can be rather risky.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
16. What does the speaker say about working for a new venture? （关于在一家新公司工作，讲话者说了些什么？）
解析：D。录音开头说到，在一家新企业工作存在很多风险：不稳定、责任不明确以及对各方面都要通晓。D项的rather risky是对录音中comes with a lot of risks的同义替换，故D项正确。
错项排除：录音中只提到在一家新企业工作存在很多风险，并没有说是否需要创业经验或是能获得令人满意的收入，也没有提及这是否令人沮丧，故排除其余三项。
17、 Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It contributes to rapid business expansion.
B、It inspires willingness to make sacrifices.
C、It reduces conflict among team members.
D、It encourages creation and innovation.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
17. What has science demonstrated regarding the positive culture of a new venture?（关于一个新企业的积极文化，科学证明了什么？）
解析：C。录音中提到，科学证明了积极的企业文化能够带来的结果，其中就包括了减少冲突，C项中的reduces conflict对应录音中的reduced conflict，故C项正确。
错项排除：录音中表示，积极的企业文化所带来的结果包括更好的流程、更强的团队凝聚力、更少的冲突和更敏锐的警觉性。A、B、D三项利用录音中出现的相关词developing the business、willingness和invention进行干扰，但这几处指的并不是业务迅速扩张、激发牺牲意愿和鼓励创新，故均可排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have unrealistic expectations.
B、They often work without any pay.
C、Few can find willing investors.
D、Many are idealistic dreamers.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
(16) [Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks]—there is instability, unclear responsibilities and the need to be a master of all trades. But the primary benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated with playing a role in a promising new company. The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur. There’s something about the founder’s energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team. The willingness to take risks may inspire others to be more courageous. The optimism and positivity may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters. The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.
What becomes set in the firm’s culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotions, which are usually shared among the team. Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow. (17) [These include better processes, greater team cohesion, reduced conflict and sharp alertness.] But what is yet to be demonstrated is whether the founder’s passion leads to increased team performance. This was recently tested in research, which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT, medicine and energy. The CEOs were consulted once again years after the initial analysis, and most shared their firm’s performance reports so that their success could be more objectively measured.
Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases. The first is inventing a product or service, the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service, and the third is developing the firm so it continues to grow. The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phase—developing the firm—there’s a clear link to performance. But the first phase—a passion for invention—is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years later. Likewise, the second—a passion for finding the venture—doesn’t necessarily translate into great success. The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism—developing the business.
Employing more staff can in itself be a risk for an entrepreneur, as is paying them big dollars to attract them. (18) [On many occasions, the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.]
18. What does the speaker say about entrepreneurs at the initial stage of a new venture?（关于创业初期的创业者，讲话者说了些什么？）
解析：B。录音结尾提到，多数情况下，企业家表示，最初为了支付员工工资和公司开支，自己根本没有工资。由此可知，企业家在创业初期往往没有工资，B项中的often work without any pay是对录音中not paying themselves a wage at all的同义替换，故B项正确。
错项排除：关于创业初期的情况，录音中只提到企业家在创业初期往往没有工资，并没有说到他们是否不切实际或理想主义，也没有提到是否有人愿意投资，故排除其余三项。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have better dietary habits.
B、They bear fewer social responsibilities.
C、They are born with a stronger ability to socialize.
D、They are better able to survive or handle disease.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
19. What do we learn about the possible reason why women tend to live longer?（关于女性更长寿可能的原因，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：D。录音中表示，尽管人们已经围绕着女性比男性更有能力生存或应对疾病的想法展开猜测，没有人能够真正确定这其中的原因。由此可知，女性更有能力生存或应对疾病可能是其长寿的原因，D项中的are better able to survive or handle disease是对录音中are more capable of surviving or handling disease的同义替换，故D项正确。
错项排除：A项在录音中未提及，故排除。录音中说人们猜测女性更有能力生存或应对疾病可能是其长寿的原因，倾向于将发展社会关系（social connections）放在首位有益于她们的免疫系统，B项的social responsibilities和C项的a stronger ability to socialize皆是利用录音中的social connections进行干扰，但都与录音内容不符，故均可排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have a limited reproductive ability.
B、They depend on adequate sleep to thrive.
C、They keep dividing throughout one’s life.
D、They strengthen with regular exercise.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
20. What is the recent discovery about human cells? （关于人类细胞的最新发现是什么？）
解析：A。录音中明确表示，人类细胞的繁殖能力有限。A项中的have a limited reproductive ability为原词复现，故A项正确。
错项排除：B项的sleep和D项的exercise在录音中均有提及，但录音中是说通过锻炼和良好的睡眠可以推迟细胞分裂的终止时间，并不是说可令其thrive或strengthen，故B、D项均可排除。录音中表示，只有癌细胞才能永远分裂，C项张冠李戴，故错误。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The process of ageing can ultimately be brought under control.
B、Improved health care for the elderly will contribute to longevity.
C、Prevention of heart disease and stroke will increase life expectancy.
D、The resolution of age related diseases will solve the mystery of ageing.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
Ageing is a curious thing, and people’s desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Despite the huge investment into research, ageing remains somewhat obscure, although there are certain things researchers do understand. They know that women tend to have longer lifespans, living on average six years longer than men. (19) [No one is really certain of the reason for this, although the speculation centers around the idea that women are more capable of surviving or handling disease than men.] For virtually every disease, the effects are greater on men than they are on women. Some suggest that women’s immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections. But for me, this explanation is hardly convincing.
Researchers also know, to an extent, what causes ageing. For 60 years, it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever. It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older people’s cells divide a smaller number of times than younger people’s. Only cancer cells, in fact, are capable of dividing forever. (20) [Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.] To an extent, we can postpone the eventual stop of cells dividing through nutrition, exercise, good sleep and even relaxation techniques, but we cannot stop the ageing process.
And researchers are yet to answer the ultimate question of ageing: why does the body ultimately fall to pieces? In the opinion of some of the world’s best scientific minds on the subject, part of the reason we don’t yet have an answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction. (21) [Many public health policymakers believe that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,] but, say some top scientists, “that’s completely erroneous.” They point to when the diseases of childhood were eliminated, but this did not provide any insight into childhood development. In the same way, the idea that the resolution of age-associated disease like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic. At best, if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated, this would only add a decade to average life expectancy. But while there is money available to be spent on it, the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.
21. What do many public health policymakers believe?（许多公共卫生决策者相信什么？）
解析：D。录音中表示，许多公共卫生政策制定者认为，解决与年龄有关的疾病将告诉我们老龄化过程的一些基本情况，即他们认为解决与年龄有关的疾病将解开衰老之谜，D项中的resolution of age related disease是对录音中resolution of age-associated disease的同义替换，solve the mystery of ageing对应录音中的tell us something fundamental about the ageing process，故D项正确。
错项排除：录音中明确提到，我们无法阻止衰老过程（cannot stop the ageing process），A项与此内容相悖，故排除。B项的关键词Improved health care在录音中并未提及，故排除。C项利用录音中出现的heart disease、stroke和life expectancy进行拼凑，但这是录音中顶尖科学家（some top scientists）的观点，并非公共卫生决策者的观点，故C项排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are reluctant to follow instructions.
B、They fail to answer emails promptly.
C、They cannot understand directives.
D、They do not show due respect.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
22. Why are managers often frustrated with their employees? （为什么管理者经常对其员工感到沮丧？）
解析：A。录音开头说到，令管理者非常沮丧的是，他们往往难以让员工遵守命令，哪怕是简单的指示。由此可知，管理者对于员工不愿意听从指示十分沮丧，A项中的reluctant to follow instructions是对录音中struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions的同义转述，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音结尾提到了电子邮件，但与管理者对员工感到沮丧无关，故B项错误。C项利用directives设置干扰，但录音中这里是在说员工听从指令的程度与管理者有关，C项不符合题意，故排除。D项在录音中未提及，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They have not been trained to follow the rules.
B、They are not satisfied with the management.
C、They want to avoid unnecessary losses.
D、They find their voice go unheeded.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
23. Why do employees sometimes disobey procedures intentionally? （为什么员工有时会故意违反指令？）
解析：B。录音中给出了三种情况：有时他们迫于压力要在短时间内完成任务；有时他们可能并不认同工作流程的精神；有时他们只是不想服从。B 项的对管理不满意对应录音中的第二种情况，即不认同工作流程的精神，其中的the management 指的就是录音中的the spirit of the procedure，故B 项正确。
错项排除：关于员工故意违反指令的情况，录音中给出的三点为：时间紧压力大、对工作流程的精神不认可以及不愿意遵守指令。录音中没有提出其他情况，故排除与以上三点不符的A、C、D三项。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、When they are on good terms with their managers.
B、When they find their job goals easily attainable.
C、When they find their supervisors helpful.
D、When they are financially motivated.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
24. When are employees more likely to follow instructions according to the researchers?（根据研究人员的说法，什么时候员工更有可能听从指示？）
解析：C。录音提到，研究人员发现，管理者的乐于助人程度和下属听从指令的程度之间有着非常强的相关性。由此可知，当员工发现上司对他们很有帮助时，他们会更有可能听从指示，C项与此内容相符，其中的helpful为原词复现，故C项正确。
错项排除：A项的关键词on good terms with their managers录音中并未提及，故排除。B项利用录音中的attainment of job goals进行干扰，但录音中是说管理者的帮助行为提高了员工对实现目标可能性的认识，B项曲解了这一含义，故排除。D项利用录音中的motivational和value进行拼凑，故排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are a useless tool for managers to change employee behavior.
B、They prove to be a good means for managers to give instructions.
C、They should be reserved for urgent communication.
D、They are seldom used for sharing confidential data.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Good afternoon. In today’s talk, we’ll discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked. (22) [Much to their frustration, managers often struggle to get their staff to comply with even simple instructions.] Often, they blame their employees: “They don’t read emails, they don’t listen, they don’t care”—that kind of thing.
But according to recent research conducted in Australia, it looks like it’s not the employees’ fault, but the managers’. It’s easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally. Occasionally, it’s because they’re pressured to finish in a short time. (23) [At other times, they may disagree with the spirit of the procedure—the effort demanded, the time consumed, the lack of potential effectiveness.] And every now and then, they just don’t want to, maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.
So apart from that, what else gets in the way of procedural compliance? The research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry. They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions, such as whether they found the procedures useful, how confident they felt in their job, how comfortable they were to speak up in the workplace, and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers. They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful. That last statement was the most instructive because, (24) [as the researchers found, there was a remarkably strong correlation between how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directives.] Supervisors’ helping behaviour was found to be motivational in nature. It increased employees’ perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals, and therefore fostered a willingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.
In short, managers should be ongoing role models for the change. As the saying goes: Do as I do, not just as I say. To affect behavioral change, what’s most required is interaction and involvement—the human touch—and, naturally, processes that add value. Although procedures are designed to guide and support employees’ work, employees, it seems, can’t always be expected to comply with procedures that are not seen as useful. And of course, managers shouldn’t keep resending emails. They are an effective tool for the sharing of data and report, (25) [but they are a hopeless tool if what a manager is desiring is a change in behaviour.]
25. What does the speaker say about emails?（关于电子邮件，讲话者说了什么？）
解析：A。录音结尾表示，如果管理者想要的是行为上的改变，那么电子邮件就是一个无望的工具。A项中的change和behavior为原词复现，useless是对录音中hopeless的同义替换，故A项正确。
错项排除：录音结尾表示，经理不应该一直重复发邮件，由此可知，讲话者并不认为发邮件是一种值得提倡的方式，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项的关键词urgent communication录音中并未提及，故排除。D项利用录音中的sharing of data进行干扰，但录音中并没有提到confidential data，故D项排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
I’m always baffled when I walk into a pharmacy and see shelves bursting with various vitamins, extracts and other supplements, all promising to accelerate or promote weight loss. Aisles of marketing genius belie (掩饰) the fact that, (26) _____, weight loss is dictated by the laws of arithmetic. Economist Jessica Irvine wrote a book about how she used math to help her lose more than 18 kilograms. If calories taken in are less than calories (27) _____, weight shall be lost, and so it is with money.
Despite the (28) _____ of financial products, services and solutions geared towards accumulating wealth, it all begins with the same (29) _____: getting ahead financially requires a reduction of spending, so that income is greater than expenses. I was reminded of this again recently listening to an interview with Nicole Haddow, the author of Smashed Avocado, explaining how she cracked the property market at 31. It was quite a (30) _____, given where she had been two years earlier.
Nicole didn’t celebrate her 30th birthday as she had (31) _____. She was sobbing at the dinner table with her parents, with whom she had just moved back in. She had no stable income, $12,000 in credit-card debt and no plan, but to her (32) _____, her father, an accountant, told her that her financial (33) _____ wasn’t as bad as she thought. He said, on her income, with some changes, she would be able to buy an investment unit within two years, which she did.
Nicole admitted she was fortunate, as she was able to live with her parents and (34) _____ her spending—and life—to get herself on track financially. Creating a gap between her income and spending required a paradigm shift and (35) _____ sacrifice and commitment, but by going into financial lockdown, Nicole gained financial independence.
26、(1)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：
名词
abundance 大量，丰盛
astonishment 惊讶，惊异
equation方程；等式
feat 技艺；功绩
impetus 动力；推动
overhaul 大修；改造
plight 苦难；困境
动词
entailed (-ed)牵涉，需要
envisaged (-ed) 想象，设想
expended (-ed) 花费，消耗
overhaul 彻底检修，改变
plight 保证；约定
prosper 繁荣；兴旺
shatter （使）破碎，碎裂
副词
fiscally 财政上
permanently 永久地
ultimately 最终，最后
26. ultimately
解析：副词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为主句，空格后为从句，故空格处可能填入副词作状语，修饰从句。空格所在句意为，药店货架过道中的销售天才掩盖了这样一个事实：____，减肥是由算术法则决定的。结合上一句中提到作者对药店中的各类减肥产品感到困惑，可知这里是说减肥成功与否并不在于药品，而在于算术法则。副词备选项中只有ultimately代入空格可以构成合理语义，表示“减肥最终是由算术法则决定的”，故ultimately为正确答案。
27. expended
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句存在比较结构，比较项为calories taken in和calories ____，因此空格处应填入与taken in相对应的修饰成分。所以空格处应填入动词的过去分词作后置定语，并在意义上与taken in（摄入）形成呼应。在动词备选项中，只有expended能表达与“摄入”相对的“消耗”之意，代入空格表示“如果摄入的热量少于消耗的热量”，构成合理语义，故expended为正确答案。
28. abundance
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为the，空格后为of，故空格处应填入名词。空格所在句意为，尽管有____旨在积累财富的金融产品、服务和解决方案，但它们都始于同一个____：在财务上取得成功需要减少支出，这样收入就高于支出。该句存在让步关系，前后句构成转折，后句中提到了“同一个”，故前句应存在与其对应的“多个”，名词备选项中只有abundance有“大量”之意，代入空格表示“尽管有大量旨在积累财富的金融产品、服务和解决方案”，构成合理语义，故abundance为正确答案。
29. equation
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句缺少宾语，且空格前为the same，故空格处应填入名词。空格所在句意为，尽管有旨在积累财富的金融产品、服务和解决方案，但它们都始于同一个____：在财务上取得成功需要减少支出，这样收入就高于支出。结合上一段中提到的减肥和理财都遵循算术法则，根据句中冒号后面的内容推断，这属于一个公式或者道理类结论，名词备选项中只有equation代入空格表示“但它们都始于同一个等式”，构成合理语义，故equation为正确答案。
30. feat
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句表语成分不完整，空格前为a，故空格处应填入可数名词单数。空格所在句意为，考虑到她两年前的处境，这是一项____。根据上下文可知，两年前妮可没有稳定收入甚至负债，但两年后她成功打入了房地产市场，因此对妮可来说这是一件了不起的事，名词选项中只有feat代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“这是一项了不起的成就”，故feat为正确答案。
31. envisaged
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在从句为as she had ____，整个句子的时态为一般过去时，由此推知空格处应填入名词或动词的过去分词。空格所在句意为，妮可没有像她____那样庆祝她的30岁生日。根据下文可知，妮可在30岁生日时状态很糟糕，因此这里表达的是现实中的情况与想象中不一样，动词备选项中只有envisaged有“想象，设想”之意，代入空格构成合理语义，故envisaged为正确答案。
32. astonishment
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为to her，由此推知空格处应填入名词作介词to的宾语，由but可知空格所在句存在转折结构，结合句意，妮可以为自己的财务状况很糟糕，但她的父亲表示实际情况没那么糟，因此妮可应该是感到很惊讶，名词备选项中只有astonishment代入空格能构成合理语义，to her astonishment表示“令她惊讶的是”，故astonishment为正确答案。
33. plight
解析：名词辨析题。空格处位于told后接的宾语从句中，从句的主语成分不完整，空格前为形容词，故空格处应填入名词。空格所在句意为，她没有稳定的收入，背负着1.2万美元的信用卡债务，也没有任何计划，但令她惊讶的是，身为会计的父亲告诉她，她的财务____并没有想象的那么糟。由此可知，妮可以为自己陷入了财务困境，名词备选项中只有plight有“困境”之意，代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“她的财务困境并没有想象的那么糟”，故plight为正确答案。
34. overhaul
解析：动词辨析题。空格处位于as引导的原因状语从句中，and连接前后并列的成分，因此空格处应填入动词原形与live并列。空格所在句意为，妮可承认她很幸运，因为她能和父母住在一起，____自己的消费和生活方式，让自己的经济状况走上正轨。根据妮可原来糟糕的经济状况和“让自己的经济状况走上正轨”可知，妮可应该是调整了自己的消费和生活方式，使其向好的方向发展。动词原形选项中只有overhaul代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“改变自己的消费和生活方式”，故overhaul为正确答案。
35. entailed
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句由and连接两个并列的动词，由此可知空格处应填入动词过去式，与required形式一致。空格所在句意为，实现收入大于支出需要转变模式，____牺牲和付出，但通过对自己的财务设限，妮可获得了财务独立。动词过去式选项中，只有entailed代入空格能构成合理语义，意为“需要牺牲和付出”，故entailed为正确答案。
27、(2)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、overhaul
B、envisaged
C、ultimately
D、plight
E、permanently
F、abundance
G、impetus
H、equation
I、astonishment
J、prosper
K、shatter
L、expended
M、fiscally
N、entailed
O、feat
解析：见上一题！
France’s beloved cathedral only minutes away from complete destruction
【A】 Notre Dame Cathedral in the heart of Paris was within “15 to 30 minutes” of complete destruction as firefighters battled to stop flames reaching its bell towers on Monday evening, French authorities have revealed. A greater disaster was averted by members of the Paris fire brigade, who risked their lives to remain inside the burning monument to create a wall of water between the raging fire and the two towers on the west of the building.
【B】The revelation of how close France came to losing its most famous cathedral emerged as police investigators questioned workers involved in the restoration of the monument to try to establish the cause of the devastating blaze. Paris prosecutor Remy Heitz said that an initial fire alert was sounded at 6:20 pm on Monday evening but no fire was found. The second alert was sounded at 6:43 pm, and the blaze was discovered on the roof.
【C】More than €650 million was raised in a few hours on Tuesday as French business leaders and global corporations announced they would donate to a restoration campaign launched by the president, Emmanuel Macron. But as the emergency services picked through the burnt debris, a row was resurfacing over accusations that the beloved cathedral, immortalised in Victor Hugo’s novel, was already crumbling before the fire.
【D】The cathedral is owned by the French state and has been at the centre of a years-long dispute over who should finance restoration work of the collapsing staircases, crumbling status and cracked walls. Jean-Michel Leniaud, the president of the scientific council at the National Heritage Institute, said: “What happened was bound to happen. The lack of adequate maintenance and daily attention to such a majestic building is the cause of this catastrophe.” After the blaze was declared completely extinguished, 15 hours after it started, the junior interior minister, Laurent Nunez, said the structure had been saved but remained vulnerable. He praised the actions of the firefighters but admitted the fate of the cathedral had been uncertain. “They saved the main structure, but it all came down to 15-30 minutes,” Nunez said.
【E】In a surprise televised address on Tuesday evening, Macron said he wanted to see the cathedral rebuilt within five years. “The fire at Notre Dame reminds us that we will always have challenges to overcome,” Macron said, “Notre Dame is our history, our literature, the centre of our life. It is the standard by which we measure our distances. It’s so many books, so many paintings. It’s the cathedral of every French person, even those who have never visited it. This history is ours and so we will rebuild Notre Dame. It is what the French people expect; it is what our history deserves. It is our deep destiny. We will rebuild Notre Dame so it is even more beautiful than before. I want it done in the next five years. We can do it. After the time of testing comes a time of reflection and then of action.”
【F】The fire, which had started at the base of the 93-metre spire (尖塔) at about 6:40 pm on Monday, spread through the cathedral’s roof, made up of hundreds of oak beams, some dating back to the 13th century. These beams, known as la forêt (the forest) because of their density, formed the cross-shaped roof that ran the length of the central part of the cathedral. As hundreds of tourists and Parisians stood and watched the flames leaping from the roof, there was shock and tears as the cathedral spire caught fire, burned and then collapsed into itself.
【G】 A collection of dramatic videos and photos quickly spread across social media, showing the horrifying destruction, and attracting emotional responses from people all over the world. Indeed, within minutes the fire occupied headlines of every major global newspaper and television network. This is not surprising given Notre Dame Cathedral, meaning “Our Lady”, is one of the most recognised symbols of the city of Paris attraction millions of tourists every year.
【H】While the world looked on, the 500 firefighters at the scene then battled to prevent the flames from reaching the two main towers, where the cathedral bells hang. If the wooden frame of the towers had caught fire, it could have sent the bells—the largest of which, the Emmanuel Bell, weighs 13 tons—crashing down, potentially causing the collapse of both towers. Police and fire services will spend the next 48 hours assessing the “security and safety” of the 850-year-old structure. Nuenz said: “We have identified vulnerabilities throughout the structure, all of which still need securing.” As a result, residents of five buildings around the northern side of the cathedral were being temporarily evacuated, he added. Architects have identified three main holes in the structure, in the locations of the spire, the main hall and the upper rooms to the north of the central aisle. Most of the wooden roof beams have been burned, and parts of the concrete holding up the roof have collapsed.
【I】The interior minister, Christophe Castaner, visited the cathedral on Tuesday afternoon to see the extent of the devastation. Ash covered the marble diamond-patterned floor and floated in large pools of grey water from the fire hoses. Behind a heap of blackened oak beams that lay piled up where they had fallen, daylight from vast holes in the cathedral roof lit a golden cross over a statue by Nicolas Coustou, which appeared to have escaped damage. Preliminary inspections also suggested the three ornate (装饰华丽的) stained glass “rose” windows appeared to have survived the fire, officials said. However, fire officers have said a complete inventory of the damage will not be possible until the cathedral structure has been deemed safe.
【J】The culture minister, Franck Riester, said religious relics saved from the cathedral were being securely held at the Hôtel de Ville, and works of art that sustained smoke damage were being taken to the Louvre, the world’s largest art museum, where they would be dried out, repaired and stored. Sixteen copper statues that decorated the spire had been removed for restoration only a few days before the fire. Relics at the top of the spire are believed lost as the spire was destroyed. As well as damage from the heat, which firefighters said reached more than 800℃, experts also need to assess damage from the vast quantities of water firefighters poured into the cathedral. One casualty of this was The Great Organ constructed in the 1730s, which was said to have escaped the flames but been significantly damaged by water.
【K】French political commentators noted the devastating fire had succeeded where Macron had failed in uniting the country. But criticism over the original state of the building is likely to intensify over coming days. Leniaud told La Croix newspaper: “This is not about looking for people to blame. The responsibility is collective because this is the most loved monument in the country.” Alexandre Gady, an art historian, agreed. “We’ve been saying for years that the budget for maintaining historic monuments is too low,” Gady said. The Paris prosecutor’s office has opened an inquiry into “involuntary destruction by fire”, indicating they believe the cause of the blaze was accidental rather than criminal.
36、36. The total amount of damage to Notre Dame Cathedral can be assessed only when its structure is considered safe.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 只有在圣母院大教堂的结构被认为是安全的情况下，才能评估圣母院的总损失。
