一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、He will tell the management how he really feels.
B、He will meet his new manager in two weeks.
C、He is going to attend a job interview.
D、He is going to leave his present job.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) [It’s my last day at work tomorrow. I’ll start my new job in 2 weeks.] My human resources manager wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.
W: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?
M: I’m not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I’ve been unhappy at that company for a long time, but I’m not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
W: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration and perhaps even anger to someone who isn’t a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
M: And let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I’m leaving to improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
W: That’s right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn’t happen. (2) [An exit interview is supposed to be private, but often isn’t.] In my company, the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential, and the information is used as dirt against another manager, or can be traded among senior managers.
M: Now you’ve got me rethinking what I’ll disclose in the interview. (3) [There is always a chance that it could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry.] It is a pretty small industry after all.
W: Anything you initially gain from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, (3) [you might lose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.]
M: Right. (4) [Perhaps I would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your-employer websites.]
W: You could. And don’t do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.
1. What do we learn about the man from the conversation? （在对话中，关于男士我们能了解到什么？）
解析：D。录音开头男士提到，明天是他最后一天上班，两周后就要开始新的工作了。由此可知，男士是要辞职，D项中的leave his present job对应录音中的last day at work，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中提到男士并不确定（not sure）是否要告诉管理者他的真实想法（tell them how I really feel），A项与此表述相悖，故排除。录音中说男士在两周后要开始新工作了，B项利用录音中出现的new、manager和in two weeks进行细节拼凑，故排除。录音中说到，男士在离开前会和人力资源经理进行一次面谈（interview），女士接着解释说是离职面谈（exit interview），C项说男士要参加面试，表述不准确，故排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It should be kept private.
B、It should be carefully analyzed.
C、It can be quite useful to senior managers.
D、It can improve interviewees’ job prospects.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) [It’s my last day at work tomorrow. I’ll start my new job in 2 weeks.] My human resources manager wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.
W: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?
M: I’m not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I’ve been unhappy at that company for a long time, but I’m not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
W: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration and perhaps even anger to someone who isn’t a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
M: And let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I’m leaving to improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
W: That’s right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn’t happen. (2) [An exit interview is supposed to be private, but often isn’t.] In my company, the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential, and the information is used as dirt against another manager, or can be traded among senior managers.
M: Now you’ve got me rethinking what I’ll disclose in the interview. (3) [There is always a chance that it could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry.] It is a pretty small industry after all.
W: Anything you initially gain from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, (3) [you might lose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.]
M: Right. (4) [Perhaps I would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your-employer websites.]
W: You could. And don’t do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.
2. What does the woman think about the information gained from an exit interview? （关于从离职面谈中获得的信息，女士持什么看法？）
解析：A。录音中间女士提到，离职面谈本应是私人性质的，但事实往往并非如此。A项中的should be kept private是对录音中is supposed to be private的同义替换，因此选A。
错项排除：录音中并未提到对离职面谈中的信息进行分析，B项中的carefully analyzed在录音中无依据，故排除。C项干扰性较强，但录音中说这些信息会作为管理者互相攻讦的工具，或者是用来在高层管理者（senior managers）之间进行交易（be traded），这是女士所批判的现象，所以“很有用”是对女士观点的错误解读，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的career prospects进行干扰，但录音中是说离职面谈中不顾后果的批判言论可能会损害一个人的职业前景，并没有说离职面谈中的信息会改善其就业前景（job prospects），故排除D项。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It may leave a negative impression on the interviewer.
B、It may adversely affect his future career prospects.
C、It may displease his immediate superiors.
D、It may do harm to his fellow employees.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) [It’s my last day at work tomorrow. I’ll start my new job in 2 weeks.] My human resources manager wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.
W: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?
M: I’m not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I’ve been unhappy at that company for a long time, but I’m not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
W: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration and perhaps even anger to someone who isn’t a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
M: And let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I’m leaving to improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
W: That’s right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn’t happen. (2) [An exit interview is supposed to be private, but often isn’t.] In my company, the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential, and the information is used as dirt against another manager, or can be traded among senior managers.
M: Now you’ve got me rethinking what I’ll disclose in the interview. (3) [There is always a chance that it could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry.] It is a pretty small industry after all.
W: Anything you initially gain from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, (3) [you might lose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.]
M: Right. (4) [Perhaps I would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your-employer websites.]
W: You could. And don’t do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.
3. Why does the man want to rethink what he will say in the coming exit interview? （为什么男士想要重新考虑在接下来的离职面谈中他要说的话？）
解析：B。录音中间女士提到，离职面谈中的一些信息并不会保密，会被管理者利用或者交易，男士说那他应该重新考虑在离职面谈中要说的话，女士接着分析说，在离职面谈中畅所欲言得到的片刻满足可能会损害一个人的职业前景。由此可知，男士之所以重新考虑，是因为离职面谈中的信息可能会对职业前景产生不利影响，B项中的adversely affect his future career prospects是对录音中injuring your future career prospects的同义替换，因此选B。
错项排除：录音中并未提到给面试官留下的印象（leave...impression on the interviewer）及顶头上司（immediate superiors）的相关信息，A、C项利用常识进行干扰，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的colleague进行干扰，但录音中是说，对不是朋友或亲密同事的人倾诉沮丧和愤怒会得到极大解脱，并未提到离职面谈会对同事造成伤害，故D项排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Prepare a comprehensive exit report.
B、Do some practice for the exit interview.
C、Network with his close friends to find a better employer.
D、Pour out his frustrations on a rate-your-employer website.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: (1) [It’s my last day at work tomorrow. I’ll start my new job in 2 weeks.] My human resources manager wants to conduct an interview with me before I leave.
W: Ah, an exit interview. Are you looking forward to it?
M: I’m not sure how I feel about it. I resigned because I’ve been unhappy at that company for a long time, but I’m not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
W: To my way of thinking, there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream of truth during an exit interview. The first is release. Unburdening yourself of frustration and perhaps even anger to someone who isn’t a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
M: And let me guess. The second is that the criticism will, theoretically, help the organization I’m leaving to improve, making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
W: That’s right. But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn’t happen. (2) [An exit interview is supposed to be private, but often isn’t.] In my company, the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential, and the information is used as dirt against another manager, or can be traded among senior managers.
M: Now you’ve got me rethinking what I’ll disclose in the interview. (3) [There is always a chance that it could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry.] It is a pretty small industry after all.
W: Anything you initially gain from the instant satisfaction of telling it like it is, (3) [you might lose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.]
M: Right. (4) [Perhaps I would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your-employer websites.]
W: You could. And don’t do the interview at all. Exit interviews are not mandatory.
4. What does the man think he had better do? （男士认为他最好做什么？）
解析：D。录音最后男士提到，也许他可以去给雇主打分的网站上一吐为快，D项中的Pour out his frustrations对应录音中的getting things off my chest，rate-your-employer website为原词复现，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中并未提到离职报告、为离职面谈做练习等，A项的exit report和B项的practice for the exit interview在录音中无依据，故A、B两项均可排除。C项利用录音中出现的network、friends、close和employer进行细节拼凑，故排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Her unsuccessful journey.
B、Her month-long expedition.
C、Her latest documentary.
D、Her career as a botanist.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Today, I’m talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Foster.
W: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.
M: Recently, Jane, you’ve become quite a celebrity, (5) [since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?]
W: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of southeast Asia.
M: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
W: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. (6) [The area we visited was accessible only by canoe, and the living conditions in the hut were primitive to say the least. There was no electricity. And our water supply was a nearby stream.]
M: How were the weather conditions while you were there?
W: The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. It was too humid to either work or sleep.
M: How long did your team spend in the jungle?
W: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only 2 weeks.
M: Why did you cut the expedition short?
W: Halfway through the trip, (7) [we received news that a hurricane was approaching, and we had to evacuate at very short notice.
M: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.]
W: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids. We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.
M: (8) [So overall, was the journey unsuccessful?]
W: (8) [Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.]
M: Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?
W: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have a stunning scenery, and I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world.
M: So where will your next destination be?
W: I haven’t decided yet.
M: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.
5. What does the man want Jane Foster to talk about? （男士想让简·福斯特谈论什么？）
解析：C。录音开始男士提到，女士是著名的植物学家，她最近发布了一部新的纪录片，接着问女士能否谈一谈这部纪录片，C项中的latest documentary为原词复现，因此选C。
错项排除：A项利用录音中的journey unsuccessful进行干扰，但这是录音中男士询问女士考察是否成功，而女士认为这次旅行是有所收获的，不算不成功，故A项排除。录音中女士说到这次考察，原本计划用一个月的时间，却因为天气缘故只考察了半个月，故B项错误。D项利用录音中出现的botanist进行干扰，但录音中只是说女士是知名植物学家，男士并未就其职业生涯对女士提问，故D项排除。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She had to live like a vegetarian.
B、She was caught in a hurricane.
C、She had to endure many hardships.
D、She suffered from water shortage.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Today, I’m talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Foster.
W: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.
M: Recently, Jane, you’ve become quite a celebrity, (5) [since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?]
W: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of southeast Asia.
M: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
W: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. (6) [The area we visited was accessible only by canoe, and the living conditions in the hut were primitive to say the least. There was no electricity. And our water supply was a nearby stream.]
M: How were the weather conditions while you were there?
W: The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. It was too humid to either work or sleep.
M: How long did your team spend in the jungle?
W: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only 2 weeks.
M: Why did you cut the expedition short?
W: Halfway through the trip, (7) [we received news that a hurricane was approaching, and we had to evacuate at very short notice.
M: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.]
W: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids. We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.
M: (8) [So overall, was the journey unsuccessful?]
W: (8) [Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.]
M: Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?
W: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have a stunning scenery, and I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world.
M: So where will your next destination be?
W: I haven’t decided yet.
M: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.
6. Why does the woman describe her experience as far from glamorous? （为什么这位女士说她的经历一点也不刺激有趣？）
解析：C。录音中女士提到，这次的考察经历一点也不刺激有趣，接着描述原因：只能乘独木舟通行，居住条件很原始，没有电，水源就只是附近的小溪。C项的endure many hardships是对录音中accessible only by canoe、primitive、no electricity和water supply的概括总结，因此选C。
错项排除：录音中说到女士是植物学家（botanist），并没有说她生活得像个素食主义者（vegetarian），故A项排除。B项利用录音中出现的hurricane进行干扰，但录音中说的是接到消息说飓风将至（was approaching），他们便撤离了，并没有遭遇飓风，故B项排除。D项利用录音中出现的water进行干扰，但录音中只是说水源是附近的一条小溪，并非缺水，故D项排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A hurricane was coming.
B、A flood was approaching.
C、They had no more food in the canoe.
D、They could no longer bear the humidity.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Today, I’m talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Foster.
W: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.
M: Recently, Jane, you’ve become quite a celebrity, (5) [since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?]
W: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of southeast Asia.
M: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
W: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. (6) [The area we visited was accessible only by canoe, and the living conditions in the hut were primitive to say the least. There was no electricity. And our water supply was a nearby stream.]
M: How were the weather conditions while you were there?
W: The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. It was too humid to either work or sleep.
M: How long did your team spend in the jungle?
W: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only 2 weeks.
M: Why did you cut the expedition short?
W: Halfway through the trip, (7) [we received news that a hurricane was approaching, and we had to evacuate at very short notice.
M: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.]
W: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids. We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.
M: (8) [So overall, was the journey unsuccessful?]
W: (8) [Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.]
M: Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?
W: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have a stunning scenery, and I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world.
M: So where will your next destination be?
W: I haven’t decided yet.
M: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.
7. Why did the woman and those who went with her end their trip halfway? （为什么女士和同伴中途结束了他们的行程？）
解析：A。录音中男士问女士考察进行了多久，女士回答原计划是一个月，但实际只有两周，男士问及原因，女士说是因为收到消息说飓风将至（a hurricane was approaching）。A项与此内容相符，因此选A。
错项排除：录音中说到飓风将至，并不是说洪水，B项张冠李戴，故排除。C项利用canoe进行干扰，但no more food在录音中无依据，故排除。D项利用录音中出现的humidity和unbearable进行干扰，但录音中是说天气不利于工作，因为潮湿几乎令人无法忍受，并没有说女士中途结束考察是因为无法忍受潮湿，故D项排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It was memorable.
B、It was unbearable.
C、It was uneventful.
D、It was fruitful.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: Today, I’m talking to the renowned botanist, Jane Foster.
W: Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show, Henry.
M: Recently, Jane, you’ve become quite a celebrity, (5) [since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?]
W: Well, it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rain forest in equatorial areas of southeast Asia.
M: You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
W: It was far from glamorous, to be honest. (6) [The area we visited was accessible only by canoe, and the living conditions in the hut were primitive to say the least. There was no electricity. And our water supply was a nearby stream.]
M: How were the weather conditions while you were there?
W: The weather was not conducive to our work at all, since the humidity was almost unbearable. At midday, we stayed in the hut and did nothing. It was too humid to either work or sleep.
M: How long did your team spend in the jungle?
W: Originally, we planned to be there for a month. But in the end, we stayed for only 2 weeks.
M: Why did you cut the expedition short?
W: Halfway through the trip, (7) [we received news that a hurricane was approaching, and we had to evacuate at very short notice.
M: That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.]
W: It was frightening. The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids. We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.
M: (8) [So overall, was the journey unsuccessful?]
W: (8) [Absolutely not. We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.]
M: Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?
W: Botany is an obsession for me. Many of the destinations I visit have a stunning scenery, and I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world.
M: So where will your next destination be?
W: I haven’t decided yet.
M: Then we can leave it for another vacation. Thanks.
8. What does the woman think of the journey? （女士认为这次行程怎么样？）
解析：D。录音结尾男士问到行程是否不太成功，女士做出否定回答，接着解释说搜集了大量当地植物的数据，也就是说行程是有收获的，D项与此内容相符，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中并未提到memorable与uneventful，故A、C项排除。B项利用录音中出现的unbearable进行干扰，但录音中是说潮湿令人难以忍受，并不是说行程让人难以忍受，故B项排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It diminishes laymen’s interest in science.
B、It ensures the accuracy of their arguments.
C、It makes their expressions more explicit.
D、It hurts laymen’s dignity and self-esteem.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Scientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen. (9) [Most of them don’t realize the harmful effects of this practice. In a new study, people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots later said they were less interested in science than others who read about the same topics, but without the use of specialized terms.] They also felt less informed about science and less qualified to discuss science topics. It’s noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were defined in the text. Even when the terms were defined, readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers who read jargon that wasn’t explained.
The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging message to readers. Hillary Shulman, the author of the study, asserts that specialized words are a signal. Jargon tells people that the message isn’t for them.
There’s an even darker side to how people react to jargon. (10) [In another study, researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual science.] They found the opposite when a text is easier to read. Then people are more persuaded. Thus, it’s important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects. This is especially true with issues related to public health, like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines.
(11) [Shulman concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate with the general public need to modify their language—they need to eliminate jargon.]
9. What does the passage say about the use of jargon terms by experts? （关于专家使用术语，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。录音开始提到，科学家与非专业人士交流时经常使用术语，他们没有意识到这一做法存在不利影响，接着说到一项研究的发现：在阅读相同主题时，阅读有术语文本的读者比阅读无术语文本的读者兴趣要更低。A项是对这一研究发现的概括总结，因此选A。
错项排除：录音中提到使用术语的影响是不好的（harmful effects），B、C项的accuracy（准确性）和explicit（清晰）都表示好的影响，与此内容相悖，故均可排除。录音中提到，阅读有术语文本的读者会觉得自己对科学了解较少（less informed），不够资格（less qualified）讨论科学话题，并不等同于使用术语会伤害非专业人士的尊严和自尊，D项过度引申，故排除。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、They can learn to communicate with scientists.
B、They tend to disbelieve the actual science.
C、They feel great respect towards scientists.
D、They will see the complexity of science.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Scientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen. (9) [Most of them don’t realize the harmful effects of this practice. In a new study, people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots later said they were less interested in science than others who read about the same topics, but without the use of specialized terms.] They also felt less informed about science and less qualified to discuss science topics. It’s noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were defined in the text. Even when the terms were defined, readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers who read jargon that wasn’t explained.
The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging message to readers. Hillary Shulman, the author of the study, asserts that specialized words are a signal. Jargon tells people that the message isn’t for them.
There’s an even darker side to how people react to jargon. (10) [In another study, researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual science.] They found the opposite when a text is easier to read. Then people are more persuaded. Thus, it’s important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects. This is especially true with issues related to public health, like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines.
(11) [Shulman concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate with the general public need to modify their language—they need to eliminate jargon.]
10. What do researchers find about people reading scientific articles containing jargon terms?（关于人们阅读含有专业术语的科普文章，研究人员发现了什么？）
解析：B。录音中间提到，另外一项研究发现，阅读含有术语的科普文章会导致人们怀疑真正的科学。B项中的the actual science为原词复现，disbelieve是对录音中doubt的同义替换，因此选B。
错项排除：A、D 两项利用录音中提到的communicate 和complex 进行干扰，但录音中是说科学家谈论复杂的科学问题时要清晰地沟通，这既不是A 项读者阅读的目的，也无法说明读者可以因此明白科学的复杂性，故A、D 两项均可排除。C项的respect 在录音中无依据，故排除。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Find appropriate topics.
B、Stimulate their interest.
C、Explain all the jargon terms.
D、Do away with jargon terms.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
Scientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen. (9) [Most of them don’t realize the harmful effects of this practice. In a new study, people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots later said they were less interested in science than others who read about the same topics, but without the use of specialized terms.] They also felt less informed about science and less qualified to discuss science topics. It’s noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were defined in the text. Even when the terms were defined, readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers who read jargon that wasn’t explained.
The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging message to readers. Hillary Shulman, the author of the study, asserts that specialized words are a signal. Jargon tells people that the message isn’t for them.
There’s an even darker side to how people react to jargon. (10) [In another study, researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual science.] They found the opposite when a text is easier to read. Then people are more persuaded. Thus, it’s important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects. This is especially true with issues related to public health, like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines.
(11) [Shulman concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences. But scientists who want to communicate with the general public need to modify their language—they need to eliminate jargon.]
11. What does Shulman suggest scientists do when communicating with the general public?（舒尔曼建议科学家在与公众交流时应该做什么？）
解析：D。录音最后提到，舒尔曼承认，对于科学领域的读者，使用术语是合适的，但是对于大众则需要改变一下措辞，那就是去掉行话。D项的Do away with是对录音中eliminate的同义替换，因此选D。
错项排除：A、B项利用录音中提到的topics和interested进行干扰，但录音中是说阅读相同主题时有无术语对于读者兴趣的影响，并不是与公众交流时要找到合适的话题、或者激发公众的兴趣，故A、B两项排除。录音中说到，只要出现术语，不管有无定义，都不会有任何不同，所以解释所有术语也无济于事，故C项排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The local gassy hill might start a huge fire.
B、There was oil leakage along the Gulf Coast.
C、The erupting gas might endanger local children.
D、There were oil deposits below a local gassy hill.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the Gulf Coast in the US state of Texas, there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.
(12) [Pattillo Higgins, a disreputable local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill.] Oil wells weren’t drilled back then. They were essentially dug. (13) [The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins’s workers to make a proper hole.] Higgins had forecast oil at 1,000 feet, a totally made-up figure. Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, Captain Anthony Lucas. (14) [After encountering several setbacks, Captain Lucas decided to use a drill, and his innovations created the modern oil drilling industry.] In January 1901, at 1,020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins’s wild guess, the well-roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine days until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
(15) [In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural, with no large cities and practically no industry. Cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy. Higgins’s well changed that.] The boom made some prospectors millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas. In the 1930s, prices crashed, to the point that, in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
12. What did Texas businessman Pattillo Higgins believe?（得州商人帕蒂洛·希金斯确信什么？）
解析：D。录音开始提到，帕蒂洛·希金斯是一个商人，他确信充满天然气的山下面有石油。D项是对录音中there was oil below the gassy hill的同义替换，因此选D。
错项排除：A、B项利用录音中提到的fire和leakage进行干扰，但录音中是说，有一座山丘上的天然气泄漏（gas leakage）非常明显，以至于小学童一不小心就能把山点着（set the hill on fire），这些只是对小山丘的介绍，都与帕蒂洛无关，故A、B项排除。录音中说到，学童会把山点着，泥浆和六吨重的钻井管道从地下喷射出来，C项利用ejected和schoolboys进行细节拼凑，故C项排除。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、The massive gas underground.
B、Their lack of the needed skill.
C、The sand under the hill.
D、Their lack of suitable tools.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the Gulf Coast in the US state of Texas, there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.
(12) [Pattillo Higgins, a disreputable local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill.] Oil wells weren’t drilled back then. They were essentially dug. (13) [The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins’s workers to make a proper hole.] Higgins had forecast oil at 1,000 feet, a totally made-up figure. Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, Captain Anthony Lucas. (14) [After encountering several setbacks, Captain Lucas decided to use a drill, and his innovations created the modern oil drilling industry.] In January 1901, at 1,020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins’s wild guess, the well-roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine days until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
(15) [In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural, with no large cities and practically no industry. Cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy. Higgins’s well changed that.] The boom made some prospectors millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas. In the 1930s, prices crashed, to the point that, in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
13. What prevented Higgins’s workers from digging a proper hole to get the oil?（是什么妨碍了希金斯的工人挖一个合适的洞来获取石油？）
解析：C。录音中提到，希金斯的工人们几次都想尝试挖个合适的洞，但都被山脚下的沙子给难住了。C项The sand under the hill为原词复现，因此选C。
错项排除：A、B、D项的gas underground、needed skill和suitable tools在录音中均无依据，故可排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It rendered many oil workers jobless.
B、It was not as effective as he claimed.
C、It gave birth to the oil drilling industry.
D、It was not popularized until years later.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the Gulf Coast in the US state of Texas, there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.
(12) [Pattillo Higgins, a disreputable local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill.] Oil wells weren’t drilled back then. They were essentially dug. (13) [The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins’s workers to make a proper hole.] Higgins had forecast oil at 1,000 feet, a totally made-up figure. Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, Captain Anthony Lucas. (14) [After encountering several setbacks, Captain Lucas decided to use a drill, and his innovations created the modern oil drilling industry.] In January 1901, at 1,020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins’s wild guess, the well-roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine days until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
(15) [In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural, with no large cities and practically no industry. Cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy. Higgins’s well changed that.] The boom made some prospectors millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas. In the 1930s, prices crashed, to the point that, in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
14. What does the passage say about Captain Lucas’s drilling method?（关于卢卡斯队长的钻井方法，文章说了什么？）
解析：C。录音中提到，卢卡斯队长决定使用钻机，他的创新之举造就了现代石油钻探工业。C项的gave birth to the oil drilling industry是对录音中created the modern oil drilling industry的同义转述，因此选C。
错项排除：A项的jobless和D项的popularized在录音中均无依据，属于主观臆断，故均可排除。通过录音可知，卢卡斯队长使用新的钻井方法最终找到了石油，B项与此内容相悖，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It radically transformed the state’s economy.
B、It resulted in an oil surplus all over the world.
C、It totally destroyed the state’s rural landscape.
D、It ruined the state’s cotton and beef industries.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
At the beginning of the twentieth century, on the Gulf Coast in the US state of Texas, there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.
(12) [Pattillo Higgins, a disreputable local businessman, became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill.] Oil wells weren’t drilled back then. They were essentially dug. (13) [The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins’s workers to make a proper hole.] Higgins had forecast oil at 1,000 feet, a totally made-up figure. Higgins subsequently hired a mining engineer, Captain Anthony Lucas. (14) [After encountering several setbacks, Captain Lucas decided to use a drill, and his innovations created the modern oil drilling industry.] In January 1901, at 1,020 feet, almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins’s wild guess, the well-roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of the ground, terrifying those present. For the next nine days until the well was capped, the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
(15) [In those days, Texas was almost entirely rural, with no large cities and practically no industry. Cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy. Higgins’s well changed that.] The boom made some prospectors millionaires, but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas. In the 1930s, prices crashed, to the point that, in some parts of the country, oil was cheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
15. What do we learn about Texas’s oil industry boom?（关于德克萨斯州的石油工业大繁荣，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：A。录音最后提到，当时的得州几乎完全是农村，没有大城市，也几乎没有工业。棉花和牛肉是经济的基础。希金斯大大改变了这点。A项是对此内容的概括总结，因此选A。
错项排除：录音中说在美国某些地区石油过剩，油价暴跌，并非是在全球范围内石油过剩，B项夸大了范围，故排除。录音中只是说得州以前全是乡村，经济的基础是棉花和牛肉，并没有说石油破坏了乡村景观或者棉花和牛肉产业，故C、D项排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Unsuitable jobs.
B、Bad managers.
C、Insufficient motivation.
D、Tough regulations.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Most people dislike their jobs. It’s an astonishing but statistical fact. (16) [A primary cause of employee dissatisfaction, according to fresh research, is that many believe they have terrible managers.] Few describe their managers as malicious or manipulative, though, while those types certainly exist, they are minority. The majority of managers seemingly just don’t know any better. They’re often emulating bad managers they’ve had in the past. It’s likely they’ve never read a management book or attended a management course. They might not have even reflected on what good management looks like and how it would influence their own management style. The researchers interviewed employees about their managers, beginning with a question about the worst manager they had ever had. From this, the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.
(17) [The first cause was company culture,] which was seen by employees as enabling poor management practices. It was specifically stressful work environments, minimal training, and a lack of accountability that were found to be the most blameworthy. Often a manager’s superiors can effectively encourage a manager’s distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the person’s wrongdoings. (17) [Such workplaces are sometimes described as toxic.]
The second cause was attributed to the managers’ characteristics: those deemed to be most destructive were odd people, those without drive, those who allow personal problems into the workplace, and those with an unpleasant temperament or personality in general.
The third cause of poor management was associated with their deficiency of qualifications: not so much the formal variety one obtains from a university, but the informal variety that comes from credible work experience and professional accomplishments.
The fourth cause concerned managers who’ve been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn’t their skillset, or other merits that got them the job; it was their tenure.
(18) [A point worth making is that the study was based only on the perspective of employees.] The researchers didn’t ask senior leaders what they thought of their frontline managers. It’s quite possible they’re content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing, merrily ignorant of the damage they’re actually causing, which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are usually “unaware that they are a bad manager.”
16. What is a primary cause of employee dissatisfaction according to recent research?（根据最近的研究，员工不满的主要原因是什么？）
解析：B。录音开始提到，大多数人不喜欢他们的工作，不满的主要原因是他们觉得自己的主管很糟糕。B项Bad managers是对录音中terrible managers的同义替换，因此选B。
错项排除：A项的Unsuitable jobs和D项Tough regulations在录音中未提及，故均可排除。录音中提到最具破坏性的管理者是那些缺乏动力的人（without drive），这并不是员工不满的原因，故C项排除。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Ineffective training.
B、Toxic company culture.
C、Lack of regular evaluation.
D、Overburdening of managers.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Most people dislike their jobs. It’s an astonishing but statistical fact. (16) [A primary cause of employee dissatisfaction, according to fresh research, is that many believe they have terrible managers.] Few describe their managers as malicious or manipulative, though, while those types certainly exist, they are minority. The majority of managers seemingly just don’t know any better. They’re often emulating bad managers they’ve had in the past. It’s likely they’ve never read a management book or attended a management course. They might not have even reflected on what good management looks like and how it would influence their own management style. The researchers interviewed employees about their managers, beginning with a question about the worst manager they had ever had. From this, the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.
(17) [The first cause was company culture,] which was seen by employees as enabling poor management practices. It was specifically stressful work environments, minimal training, and a lack of accountability that were found to be the most blameworthy. Often a manager’s superiors can effectively encourage a manager’s distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the person’s wrongdoings. (17) [Such workplaces are sometimes described as toxic.]
The second cause was attributed to the managers’ characteristics: those deemed to be most destructive were odd people, those without drive, those who allow personal problems into the workplace, and those with an unpleasant temperament or personality in general.
The third cause of poor management was associated with their deficiency of qualifications: not so much the formal variety one obtains from a university, but the informal variety that comes from credible work experience and professional accomplishments.
The fourth cause concerned managers who’ve been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn’t their skillset, or other merits that got them the job; it was their tenure.
(18) [A point worth making is that the study was based only on the perspective of employees.] The researchers didn’t ask senior leaders what they thought of their frontline managers. It’s quite possible they’re content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing, merrily ignorant of the damage they’re actually causing, which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are usually “unaware that they are a bad manager.”
17. What is one of the causes for poor management practices?（管理不善的原因之一是什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到了管理者在工作中被认为很糟糕的四个原因：公司文化；主管性格；资历欠缺；非能力晋升。B项的Toxic和company culture为原词复现，因此选B。
错项排除：录音中提到管理不善的主要原因是公司文化，具体的有工作环境压力大、培训项目少（minimal training）、缺乏责任心（lack of accountability），但这并不等同于A项的Ineffective training和C项的Lack of regular evaluation，故A、C项排除。D项的Overburdening在录音中未提及，故排除。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It collected feedback from both employers and employees.
B、It was conducted from frontline managers’ point of view.
C、It provided meaningful clues to solving the problem.
D、It was based only on the perspective of employees.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
Most people dislike their jobs. It’s an astonishing but statistical fact. (16) [A primary cause of employee dissatisfaction, according to fresh research, is that many believe they have terrible managers.] Few describe their managers as malicious or manipulative, though, while those types certainly exist, they are minority. The majority of managers seemingly just don’t know any better. They’re often emulating bad managers they’ve had in the past. It’s likely they’ve never read a management book or attended a management course. They might not have even reflected on what good management looks like and how it would influence their own management style. The researchers interviewed employees about their managers, beginning with a question about the worst manager they had ever had. From this, the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.
(17) [The first cause was company culture,] which was seen by employees as enabling poor management practices. It was specifically stressful work environments, minimal training, and a lack of accountability that were found to be the most blameworthy. Often a manager’s superiors can effectively encourage a manager’s distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the person’s wrongdoings. (17) [Such workplaces are sometimes described as toxic.]
The second cause was attributed to the managers’ characteristics: those deemed to be most destructive were odd people, those without drive, those who allow personal problems into the workplace, and those with an unpleasant temperament or personality in general.
The third cause of poor management was associated with their deficiency of qualifications: not so much the formal variety one obtains from a university, but the informal variety that comes from credible work experience and professional accomplishments.
The fourth cause concerned managers who’ve been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn’t their skillset, or other merits that got them the job; it was their tenure.
(18) [A point worth making is that the study was based only on the perspective of employees.] The researchers didn’t ask senior leaders what they thought of their frontline managers. It’s quite possible they’re content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing, merrily ignorant of the damage they’re actually causing, which might explain why, as the researchers conclude, those same middle managers are usually “unaware that they are a bad manager.”
18. What do we learn about the study on job dissatisfaction?（关于对工作不满的研究，我们了解到了什么？）
解析：D。录音结尾提到，该项关于工作不满意度的研究仅仅是基于员工的角度，D项为录音中原文复现，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中提到，该项研究是基于员工的角度，A、B两项与此内容相悖，故排除。C项的meaningful clues在录音中无依据，故排除。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It is seeing an automation revolution.
B、It is bringing prosperity to the region.
C、It is yielding an unprecedented profit.
D、It is expanding at an accelerating speed.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [With the use of driverless vehicles seemingly inevitable, mining companies in the vast Australian desert state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead. Iron ore is a key ingredient in steelmaking. The mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year. The 240 giant autonomous trucks in use in the Western Australian mines can weigh 400 tons, fully loaded, and travel at speeds of up to sixty kilometers per hour.] They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run for hundreds of kilometers from mines to their destinations. Here when the truck arrives at its destination, staff in the operation center direct it precisely where to unload. Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by autonomous trains to ocean ports. Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever. It may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine.
(19) [A range of factors has pushed Western Australia’s desert region to the lead of this automation revolution.] These include the huge size of the mines, the scale of equipment and the repetitive nature of some of the work. Then there’s the area’s remoteness, at 502,000 square kilometers. It can sometimes make recruiting staff a challenge. Another consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery. There are also the financial imperatives. The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful driver in embracing automation technology.
The concept of a fully autonomous mine is a bit of a misleading term, however. This is because the more technology is put into the field, the more people are needed to deploy, maintain and improve it. (20) [The automation and digitization of the industry is creating a need for different jobs.] These include data scientists and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence. The mining companies claim automation and robotics present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer. Employees will be offered a career that is even more fulfilling and more rewarding.
(21) [Workers’ unions have accepted the inevitability of the introduction of new technology. But they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology.] Their main concern is the potential impact on remote communities. As automation spreads further, the question is how these remote communities will survive when the old jobs are eliminated. And this may well prove to be the most significant impact of robotic technology in many places around the world.
19. What does the passage say about the mining industry in Western Australia?（关于西澳大利亚的采矿业，这篇文章说了什么？）
解析：A。录音开始提到，无人驾驶似乎是必然趋势，西澳大利亚州的矿业公司走在了前面（taking the lead），随后举出了一些有关自动化的具体例子，后面又明确提到，一系列因素将西澳大利亚沙漠地区推向了自动化革命（automation revolution）的前沿，A项与此相符，因此选A。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到了巨大的铁矿规模（huge size of the mines）以及资金问题（financial imperatives），但并没有明确说明采矿业为该地区带来了繁荣（prosperity）或利润（profit），故B、C两项排除。录音主要是围绕西澳大利亚采矿业的自动化展开的，虽然提到了自动化崛起的种种具体体现，但并没有提到西澳大利亚采矿业正在加速扩张，故D项排除。
20、 Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It exhausts resources sooner.
B、It creates a lot of new jobs.
C、It causes conflicts between employers and employees.
D、It calls for the retraining of unskilled mining workers.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [With the use of driverless vehicles seemingly inevitable, mining companies in the vast Australian desert state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead. Iron ore is a key ingredient in steelmaking. The mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year. The 240 giant autonomous trucks in use in the Western Australian mines can weigh 400 tons, fully loaded, and travel at speeds of up to sixty kilometers per hour.] They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run for hundreds of kilometers from mines to their destinations. Here when the truck arrives at its destination, staff in the operation center direct it precisely where to unload. Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by autonomous trains to ocean ports. Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever. It may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine.
(19) [A range of factors has pushed Western Australia’s desert region to the lead of this automation revolution.] These include the huge size of the mines, the scale of equipment and the repetitive nature of some of the work. Then there’s the area’s remoteness, at 502,000 square kilometers. It can sometimes make recruiting staff a challenge. Another consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery. There are also the financial imperatives. The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful driver in embracing automation technology.
The concept of a fully autonomous mine is a bit of a misleading term, however. This is because the more technology is put into the field, the more people are needed to deploy, maintain and improve it. (20) [The automation and digitization of the industry is creating a need for different jobs.] These include data scientists and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence. The mining companies claim automation and robotics present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer. Employees will be offered a career that is even more fulfilling and more rewarding.
(21) [Workers’ unions have accepted the inevitability of the introduction of new technology. But they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology.] Their main concern is the potential impact on remote communities. As automation spreads further, the question is how these remote communities will survive when the old jobs are eliminated. And this may well prove to be the most significant impact of robotic technology in many places around the world.
20. What is the impact of the digitization of the mining industry?（采矿业数字化的影响是什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到，采矿业的自动化和数字化创造了对不同工作岗位人才的需求（creating a need for different jobs），B项是对这一内容的同义替换，因此选B。
错项排除：录音中没有提到资源消耗的问题，A项无依据，排除。录音中提到自动化和机器人技术有利于员工获得一份更有成就感、更有回报的工作，C项与此内容相悖，故排除。录音提到了行业的数字化需要不同工作岗位的人才，但并没有说对不熟练的工人进行再培训，D项属于主观臆断，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They welcome it with open arms.
B、They will wait to see its effect.
C、They are strongly opposed to it.
D、They accept it with reservations.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [With the use of driverless vehicles seemingly inevitable, mining companies in the vast Australian desert state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead. Iron ore is a key ingredient in steelmaking. The mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year. The 240 giant autonomous trucks in use in the Western Australian mines can weigh 400 tons, fully loaded, and travel at speeds of up to sixty kilometers per hour.] They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run for hundreds of kilometers from mines to their destinations. Here when the truck arrives at its destination, staff in the operation center direct it precisely where to unload. Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by autonomous trains to ocean ports. Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever. It may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine.
(19) [A range of factors has pushed Western Australia’s desert region to the lead of this automation revolution.] These include the huge size of the mines, the scale of equipment and the repetitive nature of some of the work. Then there’s the area’s remoteness, at 502,000 square kilometers. It can sometimes make recruiting staff a challenge. Another consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery. There are also the financial imperatives. The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful driver in embracing automation technology.
The concept of a fully autonomous mine is a bit of a misleading term, however. This is because the more technology is put into the field, the more people are needed to deploy, maintain and improve it. (20) [The automation and digitization of the industry is creating a need for different jobs.] These include data scientists and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence. The mining companies claim automation and robotics present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer. Employees will be offered a career that is even more fulfilling and more rewarding.
(21) [Workers’ unions have accepted the inevitability of the introduction of new technology. But they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology.] Their main concern is the potential impact on remote communities. As automation spreads further, the question is how these remote communities will survive when the old jobs are eliminated. And this may well prove to be the most significant impact of robotic technology in many places around the world.
21. What is the attitude of workers’ unions towards the introduction of new technology?（工会对新技术的引进持什么态度？）
解析：D。录音后面提到，工会已接受了（accepted）引进新技术的必然性，但对自动化技术的崛起仍持保留态度（reservations），D项是对这一内容的概括总结，因此选D。
错项排除：录音中提到工会接受了新技术引进的必然性，并没有说是欢迎，故A项排除；C项与这一态度相悖，故排除。B项利用录音中的impact进行干扰，但录音中提到工会担心（concern）新技术引进对偏远地区的影响，并不是消极地wait to see its effect，故排除B项。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Their cost to the nation’s economy is incalculable.
B、They kill more people than any infectious disease.
C、Their annual death rate is about twice that of the global average.
D、They have experienced a gradual decline since the year of 2017.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
According to official statistics, (22) [Thailand’s annual road death rate is almost double the global average.] Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don’t know this could easily be changed.
Globally, road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute, (23) [the overall number of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century, but that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries. ]
In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever before. Those countries have swelling young populations, a fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low income countries.In many rich countries, by contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of deaths has fallen by about two thirds since the late 1990s.
(24) [But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle-income countries, which contain most of the world’s people, and have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers, in China and South Africa traffic deaths have been falling since 2000, and in India since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago.] The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit.
Rob McInerney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they pave the roads, allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase, countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents.
How to do that? (25) [The solution lies not just in better infrastructure, but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow but often don’t.] Dangerous driving is not a fixed cultural trait, as some imagine. People respond to incentives such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.
22. What does the speaker say about traffic accidents in Thailand?（关于泰国的交通事故，讲话者说了什么？）
解析：C。录音开始就提到，泰国每年的道路交通死亡率（annual road death rate）几乎是全球平均水平（the global average）的两倍，C项的twice是对录音中double的同义替换，因此选C。
错项排除：录音中讲到泰国交通事故的死亡率，并没有说这对该国经济的影响，A项属于过度推断，故排除。录音中说到在全球范围内交通事故死亡率超过了传染病的致死率，并没有说在泰国是这种情况，B项缩小了范围，故错误。D项利用录音中出现的2017和have been falling进行细节拼凑，故排除。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They show a difference between rich and poor nations.
B、They don’t reflect the changes in individual countries.
C、They rise and fall from year to year.
D、They are not as reliable as claimed.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
According to official statistics, (22) [Thailand’s annual road death rate is almost double the global average.] Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don’t know this could easily be changed.
Globally, road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute, (23) [the overall number of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century, but that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries. ]
In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever before. Those countries have swelling young populations, a fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low income countries.In many rich countries, by contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of deaths has fallen by about two thirds since the late 1990s.
(24) [But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle-income countries, which contain most of the world’s people, and have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers, in China and South Africa traffic deaths have been falling since 2000, and in India since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago.] The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit.
Rob McInerney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they pave the roads, allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase, countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents.
How to do that? (25) [The solution lies not just in better infrastructure, but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow but often don’t.] Dangerous driving is not a fixed cultural trait, as some imagine. People respond to incentives such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.
23. What do we learn from an American institute’s statistics regarding road deaths?（从一家美国研究机构关于交通事故死亡的统计数据中，我们可以知道什么？）
解析：B。录音中提到，一家美国研究机构称，自世纪之交以来，死亡总人数基本稳定，但这掩盖了个别国家的许多变化。B项的don’t reflect对应录音中的disguises, changes in individual countries为原词复现，因此选B。
错项排除：录音中提到了富裕国家和贫穷国家的道路情况，但这不是该研究机构提供的全球死亡总人数所反映出来的，故排除A项。C项中的rise and fall与录音中的more or less static相悖，故排除。录音中只是说官方统计数据不充分，无法得知确切数字，并没有说它的统计数据不可靠，故D项排除。
24、 Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Many of them have increasing numbers of cars on the road.
B、Many of them are following the example set by Thailand.
C、Many of them have seen a decline in road-death rates.
D、Many of them are investing heavily in infrastructure.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
According to official statistics, (22) [Thailand’s annual road death rate is almost double the global average.] Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don’t know this could easily be changed.
Globally, road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute, (23) [the overall number of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century, but that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries. ]
In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever before. Those countries have swelling young populations, a fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low income countries.In many rich countries, by contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of deaths has fallen by about two thirds since the late 1990s.
(24) [But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle-income countries, which contain most of the world’s people, and have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers, in China and South Africa traffic deaths have been falling since 2000, and in India since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago.] The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit.
Rob McInerney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they pave the roads, allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase, countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents.
How to do that? (25) [The solution lies not just in better infrastructure, but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow but often don’t.] Dangerous driving is not a fixed cultural trait, as some imagine. People respond to incentives such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.
24. What is said about middle-income countries?（关于中等收入国家，文章说了些什么？）
解析：C。录音中提到，近年来，中国、南非、印度、菲律宾等中等收入国家的交通事故死亡人数在下降。C项内容与此相符，因此选C。
错项排除：录音中提到，许多贫困国家的年轻人口膨胀，汽车和摩托车数量快速增长（fast-growing），但并没有说中等收入国家的车辆情况，故A项排除。录音中提到问题是泰国是否能快速效仿这些中等收入国家，而非中等收入国家效仿泰国，故B项排除。录音中提到解决之道不仅仅是改善基础设施（better infrastructure），并没有说中等收入国家在基础设施上大举投资，故D项排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Foster better driving behavior.
B、Provide better training for drivers.
C、Abolish all outdated traffic rules.
D、Impose heavier penalties on speeding.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
According to official statistics, (22) [Thailand’s annual road death rate is almost double the global average.] Thai people know that their roads are dangerous, but they don’t know this could easily be changed.
Globally, road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease. Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute, (23) [the overall number of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century, but that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries. ]
In many poor countries, road accidents are killing more people than ever before. Those countries have swelling young populations, a fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes and a limited supply of surgeons. It is impossible to know for sure, because official statistics are so inadequate. But deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low income countries.In many rich countries, by contrast, roads are becoming even safer. In Estonia and Ireland, for example, the number of deaths has fallen by about two thirds since the late 1990s.
(24) [But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle-income countries, which contain most of the world’s people, and have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers, in China and South Africa traffic deaths have been falling since 2000, and in India since 2012, and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago.] The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit.
Rob McInerney, head of the International Road Assessment Program, says that all countries tend to go through three phases. They begin with poor, slow roads. In the second phase, as they grow wealthier, they pave the roads, allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up the death rate. Lastly, in the third phase, countries act to make their roads safer. The trick, then, is to reach the third stage sooner by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents.
How to do that? (25) [The solution lies not just in better infrastructure, but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow but often don’t.] Dangerous driving is not a fixed cultural trait, as some imagine. People respond to incentives such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.
25. What else could be done to reduce fatal road accidents, in addition to safer roads?（除了更安全的道路外，还可以做些什么来减少交通死亡事故?）
解析：A。录音结尾提到，解决之道不仅在于改善基础设施，还在于改善社会激励机制，接着说到，人们都知道应该遵守安全驾驶习惯（safe driving habits），却往往都做不到。言外之意就是，解决的方法是培养安全驾驶行为，A项的better driving behavior与此相符，因此选A。
错项排除：B项的better training for drivers和D项的heavier penalties on speeding在录音中均无依据，故B、D两项可排除。C项利用录音结尾的traffic laws设置干扰，但outdated无依据，故排除。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
A new study has drawn a bleak picture of cultural inclusiveness reflected in the children’s literature available in Australia. Dr. Helen Adam from Edith Cowan University’s School of Education (26) _____ the cultural diversity of children’s books. She examined the books (27) _____ in the kindergarten rooms of four day-care centers in Western Australia. Just 18 percent of 2,413 books in the total collection contained any (28) _____of non-white people. Minority cultures were often featured in stereotypical or tokenistic ways, for example, by (29) _____ Asian culture with chopsticks and traditional dress. Characters that did represent a minority culture usually had (30) _____ roles in the books. The main characters were mostly Caucasian. This causes concern as it can lead to an impression that whiteness is of greater value.
Dr. Adam said children formed impressions about ‘difference’ and identity from a very young age. Evidence has shown they develop own-race (31) _____ from as young as three months of age. The books we share with young children can be a valuable opportunity to develop children’s understanding of themselves and others. Books can also allow children to see diversity. They discover both similarities and differences between themselves and others. This can help develop understanding, acceptance and (32) _____ of diversity.
Census data has shown Australians come from more than 200 countries. They speak over 300 languages at home. Additionally, Australians belong to more than 100 different religious groups. They also work in more than 1,000 different occupations. “Australia is a multicultural society. The current (33) _____ promotion of white middle-class ideas and lifestyles risks (34) _____ children from minority groups. This can give white middle-class children a sense of (35) _____ or privilege,” Dr. Adam said.
26、(1)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：
名词
appreciation 欣赏；感激
bias 偏见；偏向；偏爱
fraud 欺诈罪；骗子
representation 代表；描绘
superiority 优势；优越性
temperament 性格；气质
threshold 门槛；临界点
动词
alienating (-ing) 冷落；疏远
bias 使有偏见；使偏心
housed (-ed) 提供住所；保存
investigated (-ed) 调查；研究
overwhelming (-ing) （感情或感觉）充溢
portraying (-ing) 描绘；刻画；扮演
safeguarded (-ed) 保护；保卫
形容词
overwhelming 巨大的；压倒性的
secondary 次要的；从属的；中等的
tentative 初步的；不确定的；犹豫的
26. investigated
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句缺少谓语，根据后面一句中的一般过去时（examined）可以确定空格处应填入动词的过去式。根据句意，伊迪丝科文大学教育学院的海伦·亚当博士____了儿童书籍中的文化多样性，结合后面一句的She examined the books可知，空格处应填入与examined意思相近的词，选项中只有investigated代入空格符合题意，表示“调查了儿童书籍中的文化多样性”，符合逻辑。
27. housed
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前面为句子的宾语the books，空格后面为表示地点的介词短语，因此空格处应填入分词或形容词，作the books的后置定语。根据句意可知，她考查了那些书____在澳大利亚西部四个日托中心幼儿园里。结合句意理解可知，这里是要表达在四个日托中心幼儿园里的书籍，选项中只有housed代入空格符合题意，表示“存放在澳大利亚西部四个日托中心幼儿园里的书籍”。
28. representation
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句宾语成分不完整，空格前面为any，空格后为of，因此空格处应填入名词。根据句意，在全部的2413本藏书中，只有18%的书籍包含非白人种族的____。备选项中只有representation代入空格符合题意，表示“有关非白人种族的描述”。
29. portraying
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干成分完整，空格前为介词by，后面为名词性短语Asian culture，可推知空格所在介词短语作句子的方式状语，因此空格处应填入现在分词。根据句意，少数族裔文化通常会以刻板或象征性的方式来呈现，例如，通过筷子和传统服饰来____亚洲文化。结合前面内容可知，句子是在说明书籍中呈现亚洲文化的方式，因此应填入“表现；描述；展示”等含义相关的词，选项中能够表示此含义的只有portraying，代入空格表示“描绘亚洲文化”，符合题意。
30. secondary
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为had，空格后为名词roles，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰roles，或动词分词与had共同构成谓语。根据句意，在书中，代表少数族裔文化的人物通常处于____地位。结合前面讲到的非白人种族在书中占比很小以及下一句中的“主要人物大多是白人”，可知这些少数族裔的人物在书中应该是属于次要人物，选项中只有secondary代入空格能构成合理语义，表示“次要地位”，符合题意。
31. bias
解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句主语为Evidence，谓语为has shown，空格所在部分they develop own-race...为省略that的宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，因此空格处应填入名词作宾语从句的宾语。根据句意，有证据表明，他们在三个月大的时候就会产生本族的____。结合前一句说的儿童在很小的时候就有了对“差异”和身份的印象，推测空格处应填入与种族“差异”和“身份”相呼应的词，选项中bias代入空格符合逻辑，表示“本族偏差”，符合题意。本题较有干扰性的选项是temperament，代入空格表示“种族特性”，与“差异”无法产生联系，故排除。
32. appreciation
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为understanding, acceptance and，空格后为of diversity，因此空格处应填入名词与understanding和acceptance构成并列宾语。根据句意，这有助于培养对多样性的理解、接受和____。根据and可知，空格处所填词应该在意思上与understanding和acceptance构成递进关系，选项中只有appreciation代入空格符合题意，表示“对多样性的理解、接受和欣赏”。
33. overwhelming
解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为The current，空格后为promotion，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰promotion。根据前文内容可知，澳大利亚虽然有很多种族、宗教，但是在儿童书籍中少数族裔文化的描述却很少，依然是以白人文化为主，由此可知当前澳大利亚对白人文化进行了大肆宣传，选项中只有overwhelming代入空格能够构成合理语义，表示“当前对白人中产阶级观念和生活方式的大力推广”，符合题意。
34. alienating
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为动词risks，空格后为children，又因为risk作动词时后接v-ing形式，因此空格处应填入动词现在分词形式。根据句意，当前对白人中产阶级观念和生活方式的大力推广，会产生使儿童____少数族群的风险。结合上下文可知，大力推广白人文化必然导致少数民族文化被疏离，选项中只有alienating代入空格符合逻辑，表示“使儿童疏远少数族群”。
35. superiority
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为a sense of，空格后为or privilege，因此空格处应填入名词与privilege作of的并列宾语。根据句意，这可能会给中产阶级白人孩子一种优越感或____。结合前面说到的对白人文化的大力推崇可知，此处是说这会给白人孩子一种优越感，选项中与privilege意思相近的只有superiority，填入空格表示“优越感或特权感”，符合题意。
27、(2)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、overwhelming
B、appreciation
C、threshold
D、alienating
E、tentative
F、investigated
G、fraud
H、bias
I、temperament
J、housed
K、superiority
L、secondary
M、safeguarded
N、portraying
O、representation
解析：见上一题！
How Marconi Gave Us the Wireless World
36、36. Marconi was central to our present-day understanding of communication.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
解析：36. 马可尼对我们今天对通讯的理解来说至关重要。
