一、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1、Question 1 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.
B、Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.
C、She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.
D、Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.
解析：
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
1. Why does the woman say she can be so energetic?
解析：A。根据选项中出现的She或Her，以及选项关键词passion、goals、academic ideas和research findings，推测问题可能与女士的学术事业有关。题目中问到女士能够保持精力充沛的原因，对应的是录音开头男士提出的问题：Where do you get the energy?随后，女士给出了答案：“我只是热爱我所做的事而已。我很幸运能有这样的生活，做自己喜欢的事。”由此可知，女士精力充沛是因为她对事业的热爱。四个选项中，只有A项与“热爱”相关，其中的passion（热爱）与录音中的love相对应，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：C项中的weekly TV show和D项中的research在录音开头出现，但只是对女士以往工作的概括，B项中的expertise在录音中出现，但只是女士在讲教学对自己的帮助时所提到的，与题干问的energetic无关，这三项都是利用细节信息进行干扰，故均排除。
2、Question 2 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.
B、Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.
C、Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.
D、Science education and scientific research.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
2. What has the woman been engaged in?
解析：D。题目中问到女士一直以来的工作，女士在录音中回答，自己的工作可以分为两类：科学教育（education of science）和对科学的深入理解（further understanding of science）。随后，男士就该话题进一步提问，相当于复述了这两类工作，即教学工作（giving lectures）和科研实验（the lab）。D项与此内容对应，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项利用录音原词nuclear和Europe进行干扰，但录音开头说的是，女士是欧洲核能研究中心的高级顾问，这只是她工作的一部分，故排除。B项将录音中出现过的tour the globe和weekly TV show on science进行细节拼凑，但录音中说的是女士到世界各地做演讲，而非参加电视节目，故排除。C项将原文中的two groups（两类工作）曲解成了“两个小组”，故排除。
3、Question 3 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、A better understanding of a subject.
B、A stronger will to meet challenges.
C、A broader knowledge of related fields.
D、A closer relationship with young people.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
3. What does the woman say about the benefit teaching brings to her?
解析：A。四个选项中均出现了形容词比较级，听音时需要注意录音中出现的比较级。题目问的是教学所带来的好处（benefit）。女士在录音中提到“教授一门学科有助于我更好地（better）理解它。”A项与此内容相符，其中的subject为原词复现，better understanding对应录音中的comprehend it better，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：C项利用录音中的furthers my own knowledge设置干扰，但录音中女士只说到教学会让她加深对这一学科的认知，并没有说会有一个更广泛的了解，broader一词在录音中没有依据，故排除C项。B项和D项在录音中均未提及，故排除。
4、Question 4 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、By applying the latest research methods.
B、By making full use of the existing data.
C、By building upon previous discoveries.
D、By utilizing more powerful computers.
解析：
Conversation One
听力原文
M: You are a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. You’re a senior adviser at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. You also seem to tour the globe tirelessly giving talks. And, in addition, you have your own weekly TV show on science. Where do you get the energy?
W: (1) [Oh, well, I just love what I do. I’m extremely fortunate to have this life, doing what I love doing.]
M: Professor, what exactly is your goal? Why do you do all of this?
W: Well, as you said, (2) [I do have different things going on, but these, I think, can be divided into two groups: the education of science and the further understanding of science.]
M: Don’t these two things get in the way of each other? What I mean is, doesn’t giving lectures take time away from the lab?
W: Not really, no. I love teaching, and I don’t mind spending more time doing that now than in the past. (3) [Also, what I will say is that teaching a subject helps me comprehend it better myself.] I find that it furthers my own knowledge when I have to explain something clearly, when I have to aid others in understanding it, and when I have to answer questions about it. Teaching at a high level can be very stimulating for anyone, no matter how much expertise they may already have in the field they are instructing.
M: Are there any scientific breakthroughs that you see on the near horizon? A significant discovery or invention we can expect soon?
W: The world is always conducting science and there are constantly new things being discovered. (4) [In fact, right now we have too much data sitting in computers.] For example, we have thousands of photos of planet Mars taken by telescopes that nobody has ever seen. (4) [We have them, yet nobody has had time to look at them with their own eyes, let alone analyze them.]
4. How does the woman say new scientific breakthroughs can be made possible?
解析：B。四个选项均为By doing的形式，推测问题可能会问到做某事的方式或手段。男士在录音结尾对新的科学突破进行提问。女士回答，不断会有新的发现，而目前我们已经存储了太多数据，却没人有时间去看一看。女士的言外之意是，人们没有利用好现有的科学数据，也就是说，如果能充分利用现有数据，可能会有更多的科学突破问世。B项中提到了making full use of（充分利用）和the existing data（现有数据），与录音中女士暗示的含义相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的“研究方法”未在录音中提及，故A项排除。录音中虽然提到了discovery和computer，但说的是“有新发现”和“电脑中存有数据”，并不等同于C项中的“之前的（发现）”以及D项中的“性能更强的（计算机）”，C项和D项利用细节进行干扰，故均可排除。
5、Question 5 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can predict future events.
B、They have no special meanings.
C、They have cultural connotations.
D、They cannot be easily explained.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
5. What do both speakers think of dreams?
解析：B。题目中问到两位讲话者对于梦的看法。在录音开头，对于梦有特殊含义这个观点，两位讲话者都表示不认同，因此B项为正确答案。
错项排除：A项“梦可以预测未来”是在古埃及、古希腊和古代中国时期出现的看法，后面提到女士的祖母也持这样的看法，但并不是两位讲话者的观点，而且两人觉得这种观点很迷信，故A项错误。C项在录音中未提及，故排除。录音后面提到，儿童的梦通常代表愿望，成人的梦则要复杂得多，D项与此内容相对应，但这是弗洛伊德的观点，并不是讲话者的观点，故排除D项。
6、Question 6 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、It was canceled due to bad weather.
B、She overslept and missed the flight.
C、She dreamed of a plane crash.
D、It was postponed to the following day.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
6. Why didn’t the woman’s grandmother take her scheduled flight?
解析：C。四个选项均采用过去时态，人称代词She出现了两次，再结合选项关键词canceled、flight、plane、postponed，推测本题可能会问到过去发生的事情，且与某位女性乘坐的航班有关。录音前半部分，女士提到祖母因为梦到原定第二天乘坐的飞机会坠毁，就放弃乘坐那趟航班。C项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：A项中的bad weather在录音中未提及，故排除。录音中只提到了做梦，没有提到女士的祖母因为睡过头（overslept）而错过了航班，故B项排除。录音中虽然提到了the following day（第二天），但只是说女士的祖母没有坐第二天的飞机，并没有提到该航班是否延误，故D项排除。
7、Question 7 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They can be affected by people’s childhood experiences.
B、They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.
C、They usually result from people’s unpleasant memories.
D、They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
7. What does the woman say about people’s emotions?
解析：D。在录音后半部分，女士提到：“情绪的力量还是可能会和理性思维的力量一样强”（emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking）。D项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到了孩童的梦境，没有提到童年经历，故排除A项。女士提到，尽管我们认为他们很荒唐（even if we think they are ridiculous），这里的they代指的是上文提到的“不理性的人”，而不是emotions（情绪），因此B项可排除。男士提到，一些心理学家认为梦境是当天情绪和记忆的产物，没有提到“不愉快的记忆”，而且这也不是女士的观点，故C项可排除。
8、Question 8 is based on the conversation you have just heard.
A、They call for scientific methods to interpret.
B、They mirror their long-cherished wishes.
C、They reflect their complicated emotions.
D、They are often related to irrational feelings.
解析：
Conversation Two
听力原文
M: (5) [Do you think dreams have special meanings?]
W: (5) [No, I don’t think they do.]
M: (5) [I don’t either, but some people do.] I would say people who believe that dreams have special meanings are superstitious, especially nowadays. In the past, during the times of ancient Egypt, Greece or China, people used to believe that dreams could foresee the future. But today, with all the scientific knowledge that we have, I think it’s much harder to believe in these sorts of things.
W: My grandmother is superstitious, and she thinks dreams can predict the future. (6) [Once, she dreamed that the flight she was due to take the following day crashed. Can you guess what she did? She didn’t take that flight.] She didn’t even bother to go to the airport the following day. Instead, she took the same flight, but a week later, and everything was fine, of course. No plane ever crashed.
M: How funny! Did you know that flying is actually safer than any other mode of transport? It’s been statistically proven. People can be so irrational sometimes.
W: Yes, absolutely. But even if we think they are ridiculous, (7) [emotions can be just as powerful as rational thinking.]
M: Exactly. People do all sorts of crazy things because of their irrational feelings. But in fact, some psychologists believe that our dreams are the result of our emotions and memories from that day. (8) [I think it was Sigmund Freud who said that] children’s dreams were usually simple representations of their wishes—things they wished would happen. (8) [But in adults, dreams are much more complicated reflections of their more sophisticated sentiments.]
W: Isn’t it interesting how psychologists try to understand using the scientific method something as bizarre as dreams? Psychology is like the rational study of irrational feelings.
8. What did psychologist Sigmund Freud say about adults’ dreams?
解析：C。在录音最后部分，男士说弗洛伊德认为，成人的梦要复杂得多，反映的是其更复杂的情感。C项与此内容相符，其中的reflect对应录音中的reflection，complicated emotions对应录音中的sophisticated sentiments，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音结尾虽然提到了scientific method和irrational feelings，但只是女士针对心理学的评论，并不是弗洛伊德的观点，故排除A项和D项。B项是关于孩童梦境的观点，而不是对成人梦境的解读，属于张冠李戴，故排除。
9、Question 9 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Radio waves.
B、Sound waves.
C、Robots.
D、Satellites.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
9. What did scientists first use to discover Lake Vostok in the 1970s?
解析：A。录音开头在讲到沃斯托克湖时，提到了两个与时间有关的词，一个是in the 1970s，另一个是Since then。根据录音内容，在20世纪70年代，科学家们通过无线电波（radio waves）发现了沃斯托克湖，此后又利用声波（sound waves）和卫星（satellites）来绘制这片水域。因此A项为正确答案。
错项排除：B项和D项的干扰性较强，但时间点对应错误，声波和卫星是在发现沃斯托克湖之后才使用的，故排除。录音随后又提到，科学家想利用机器人（robots）来提取沃斯托克湖的水样，但那是未来可能的研究计划，故C项排除。解题的关键在于听准时间点和各种工具的对应关系。
10、Question 10 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier.
B、It may have micro-organisms living in it.
C、It may have certain rare minerals in it.
D、It may be as deep as four kilometres.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
10. What do scientists think about Lake Vostok?
解析：B。根据选项的关键词freezing、minerals、deep，推测问题可能与地理事物有关。录音中提到，科学家们猜想在沃斯托克湖中可能有微生物生存（micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok），B项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中在提到glacier时指出，厚厚的冰川就像一块隔热毯，防止湖水结冰，A项的信息与此相反，故排除。C项中的rare minerals在原文中未提及，故排除。录音开头虽然提到了four kilometers，但说的是沃斯托克湖在冰盖下四公里处，而不是湖有四公里深，故排除D项。
11、Question 11 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Help understand life in freezing conditions.
B、Help find new sources of fresh water.
C、Provide information about other planets.
D、Shed light on possible life in outer space.
解析：
Passage One
听力原文
While some scientists explore the surface of Antarctica, others are learning more about a giant body of water four kilometers beneath the ice pack. (9) [Scientists first discovered Lake Vostok in the 1970s by using radio waves that penetrate the ice.] Since then, they have used sound waves and even satellites to map this massive body of water.
How does the water in Lake Vostok remain liquid beneath an ice sheet? “The thick glacier above acts like an insulating blanket and keeps the water from freezing,” says Martin Siegert, a glaciologist from the University of Wales. In addition, geothermal heat from deep within the earth may warm the hidden lake. (10) [The scientists suspect that micro-organisms may be living in Lake Vostok, closed off from the outside world for more than 2 million years.] “Anything found there will be totally alien to what’s on the surface of the earth,” says Siegert.
Scientists are trying to find a way to drill into the ice and draw water samples without causing contamination. Again, robots might be the solution. If all goes as planned, a drill-shaped robot will melt through the surface ice. When it reaches the lake, it will release another robot that can swim in the lake, take pictures, and look for signs of life. (11) [The scientists hope their discoveries will shed light on life in outer space, which might exist in similar dark and airless conditions.]
Recently, close-up pictures of Jupiter’s moon, Europa, shows signs of water beneath its icy surface. Once tested in Antarctica, robots could be sent to Europa to search for life there too.
11. What do the scientists hope their discoveries will do?11. What do the scientists hope their discoveries will do?
解析：D。录音后半部分讲到，科学家们希望机器人的发现能帮助探索外太空的生命，因为沃斯托克湖的环境黑暗且无空气，与外太空的环境相类似。D项与此内容相符，其中Shed light on...life in outer space为录音中的原词重现，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到了similar dark and airless conditions（类似的黑暗、无空气的环境），但这与freezing conditions（冰冻环境）不同，通过上文可知，沃斯托克湖面以下没有冻结，因此可以排除A项。录音中曾数次提到water，但并不是指新的淡水来源，故B项排除。录音最后提到木星的卫星木卫二（Jupiter’s moon），但说的是科学家要先用机器人探测沃斯托克湖，之后可能再用机器人去木卫二这颗卫星上寻找生命，并没有提到科学家希望机器人提供其他行星的相关信息，故C项可排除。
12、Question 12 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He found there had been little research on their language.
B、He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.
C、His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.
D、His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
12. Why did James Copeland want to study the American Indian Tarahumaras?
解析：A。录音开头提到了科普兰研究Tarahumaras部落的原因：他发现人们对于该部落语言的研究极少（he discovered that very little research had been done on their language）。A项是对此内容的同义转述，其中little research和on their language属于录音中原词复现，故A项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只提到科普兰想要研究塔拉乌马拉的语言，并未说研究的目的是保护这些印第安语言，B项中的trying to preserve属于过度推断，可排除。科普兰和社会工作者以及冈萨雷斯的交流虽有提及，但这是在科普兰萌生研究部落的想法之后所做的事，并不是产生该想法的起因，故可排除C项和D项。
13、Question 13 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.
B、He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland’s gifts.
C、He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.
D、He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
13. How did Gonzalez help James Copeland?
解析：D。录音前半部分提到，冈萨雷斯同意帮忙。他把科普兰带到他的村子里，并当起了中间人的角色，D项与此内容相符，其中acted as an intermediary是对录音中served as an intermediary的同义替换，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中虽然提到了“语言”（languages）和“赠送礼物”（gives the goods to them），但“教授语言”（taught language）和“说服”（persuaded）在录音中并未体现，A项和B项是利用录音中的个别单词进行干扰，故均排除。C项中的one of his best friends在录音中未提及，故排除。
14、Question 14 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Unpredictable.
B、Unjustifiable.
C、Laborious.
D、Tedious.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
14. What does the speaker say about James Copeland’s trip to the Tarahumaras village?
解析：C。四个选项均为较难的形容词，推测本题很可能会用到视听一致原则。录音中提到，对科普兰来说，走进塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的工程（Entering the world of Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland）。其中laborious属于录音中的原词重现，故C项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音最后提到科普兰被村民之间的分享和关爱所触动，但并不能说明此次旅行是“不可预测的（unpredictable）”，A项过于牵强，故可排除。B项和D项在录音中都未提及，故排除。
15、Question 15 is based on the passage you have just heard.
A、Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.
B、Their sense of sharing and caring.
C、Their readiness to adapt to technology.
D、Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.
解析：
Passage Two
听力原文
(12) [The idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language.] He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. (13) [He took Copeland to his village and served as an intermediary.] Copeland says: “Thanks to him, the Tarahumaras understood what our mission was and started trusting us.”
(14) [Entering the world of the Tarahumaras has been a laborious project for Copeland.] To reach their homeland, he must drive two and a half days from Houston, Texas. He loads up his vehicle with goods that the tribesmen can’t easily get and gives the goods to them as a gesture of friendship. The Tarahumaras, who don’t believe in accumulating wealth, take the food and share it among themselves.
For Copeland, the experience has not only been academically satisfying, but also has enriched his life in several ways. “I see people rejecting technology and living a very hard, traditional life, which offers me another notion about the meaning of progress in the western tradition,” he says. “I experience the simplicity of living in nature that I would otherwise only be able to read about. (15) [I see a lot of beauty in their sense of sharing and concern for each other.”]
15. What impresses James Copeland about the Tarahumaras tribe?
解析：B。录音结尾，科普兰在总结自身体会时说到，他从当地人的互相分享和彼此关心中（their sense of sharing and concern for each other）看到了许多美好。B项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到了冈萨雷斯对科普兰的帮助，也说到科普兰将一些不易获得的物品送给塔拉乌马拉人，之后说到当地人接受了这些物品并互相分享，但并没有提到当地人感激外来人的帮助，故A项可排除。录音中，科普兰提到当地人是排斥科技的（I see people rejecting technology），C项与此内容相反，故可排除。录音中只讲到当地人不主张积攒财富（don’t believe in accumulating wealth），没有提到他们为自己创造财富的观念，故D项可排除。
16、Question 16 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They tend to be silenced into submission.
B、They find it hard to defend themselves.
C、They will feel proud of being pioneers.
D、They will feel somewhat encouraged.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
16. What usually happens when people are accused of being radical?
解析：A。结合选项中的tend to、find it hard和will feel，推测本题可能与某些人/物对某事的反应有关。录音开头指出，人们都很怕被贴上“激进”的标签，并说到当个人或群体被指责为“激进”时，通常会噤声屈服（often serves to silence them into submission），A项是对此内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中在提到女性被贴上“激进分子”的标签时，说到她们会放弃自己有价值的事业，甚至不敢称自己为女权主义者（afraid to call themselves feminists），并没有提到要为自己辩护，故B项可排除。录音结尾虽然提到了pride，但说的是作者自己在被定义为“激进”时的态度，而不是大多数人的想法，故排除C项。录音中虽然数次提到“激进”的积极作用，但并没有鼓励人们“激进”，也没有提到过人们会因为被指责“激进”而觉得受到鼓励，故排除D项。
17、Question 17 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、One who advocates violence in effecting change.
B、One who craves for relentless transformations.
C、One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.
D、One who rebels against the existing social order.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
17. What is the speaker’s definition of a radical?
解析：D。四个选项都采用了One who...结构，推测本题涉及对某一类人的描述。录音的前半部分一直在讲人们对“激进分子”的刻板印象，随后讲话者提出了自己不同的看法。在录音中间部分，讲话者提出，在他看来，激进分子是那些反对常规、主张改变现状的人。D项与此内容相符，其中的rebels against属于原词复现，the existing social order是对录音中the existing state of affairs的同义转述，故D项为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中提到激进分子是影响变革的人（people who affect change），但并没有说他们提倡通过暴力实现变革，advocates violence属于无中生有，故A项可排除。B项中的relentless transformations在录音中出现，但这是对“威胁”（such a threat）的相关表述，并不是讲话者对“激进分子”的定义，故可排除B项。录音中提到女性会放弃她们有价值的事业，参与到对自身的压迫中（in their own oppression），但这一内容与讲话者对radicals的定义无关，C项利用oppressed进行细节拼凑，故可排除C项。
18、Question 18 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They tried to effect social change by force.
B、They disrupted the nation’s social stability.
C、They served as a driving force for progress.
D、They did more harm than good to humanity.
解析：
Recording One
听力原文
What is a radical? It seems today that people are terrified of the term, particularly of having the label attached to them. (16) [Accusing individuals or groups of being radical often serves to silence them into submission,] thereby maintaining the existing state of affairs, and more important, preserving the power of a select minority who are mostly wealthy white males in Western society. Feminism is a perfect example of this phenomenon. The women’s movement has been plagued by stereotypes, misrepresentations by the media, and accusations of man-hating and radicalism. When the basic foundation of feminism is simply that women deserve equal rights in all facets of life, when faced with a threat of being labeled “radical”, women back down from their worthy cause and consequently participate in their own oppression. It has gotten to the point that many women are afraid to call themselves feminists because of the stigma attached to the word. If people refused to be controlled and intimidated by stigmas, the stigmas lose all their power. Without fear on which to feed, such stigmas can only die.
To me, (17) [a radical is simply someone who rebels against the norm, what advocates a change in the existing state of affairs.] On closer inspection, it becomes clear that the norm is constantly evolving and therefore is not a constant entity. So why, then, is deviation from the present situation such a threat when this state of affairs itself is unstable and subject to relentless transformation? It all goes back to maintaining the power of those who have it, and preventing the rise of those who don’t.
In fact, when we look at the word “radical” in a historical context, nearly every figure we now hold up as a hero was considered a radical in his or her time. Radicals are people who affect change. They are the people about whom history is written. Abolitionists were radicals. Civil rights activists were radicals. Even the founders of our country, in the fight to win independence from England, were radicals. Their presence in history has changed the way our society functions, mainly by shifting the balance of power that previously existed. Of course, there are some radicals who have made a negative impact on humanity, but undeniably, (18) [there would simply be no progress without radicals.] That being said, next time someone calls me a radical, I will accept that label with pride.
18. What does the speaker think of most radicals in the American history?
解析：C。在录音后半部分，讲话者讨论了激进分子在美国历史上的作用。其中提到，历史上的很多英雄人物都曾经是他们那个年代的激进分子。在录音结尾还明确说到，没有激进分子就没有进步。C项与此内容相符，故为正确答案。
错项排除：录音中只说到激进分子是影响社会变革的人（affect change），但并没有提到过与“暴力”（force）相关的信息，故排除A项。录音中只提到了历史上的激进分子们主要通过原有权力平衡的更替（mainly by shifting the balance of power）来实现变革，并不等同于破坏社会稳定，故排除B项。录音结尾处提到，虽然也有一些激进分子对人类造成了负面影响，但不可否认的是，没有激进分子就没有进步，这说明讲话者意在肯定激进分子的积极意义，故D项错误。
19、Question 19 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.
B、It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.
C、Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.
D、It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
19. What does the speaker say about us as human beings?
解析：B。结合选项关键词immediate environment、outside influence、what happens around us，推测本题可能会涉及人和外在环境之间的关系。根据录音开头可知，我们很容易受到周围人的影响，后面也提到，没有人能不受自己所处世界的影响。B项中It is impossible for us是对原文中None of us的同义替换，immune（不受影响）为原词复现，outside influence为录音中the influences of our own world的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的immediate environment作干扰，但音频说的是我们会成为周围环境的一部分，ignore changes（忽略变化）在录音中没有依据，故A项排除。C项利用录音开头的around us进行干扰，但音频开头说的是我们很容易受到周围人的影响，并没有说很少有人能对周围发生的事情一无所知，录音中提到unaware是在说，我们人类通常察觉不到自己心理上的变化，并非察觉不到周围环境的变化，C项属于细节拼凑，故可排除。D项利用录音中出现的our own world进行干扰，但录音中说的是没有人能不受自己所处的世界影响，不等于“我们要和自己的世界保持联系”，D项属于过度推断，故排除。
20、Question 20 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Make up his mind to start all over again.
B、Stop making unfair judgments of others.
C、Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.
D、Recognise the negative impact of his coworkers.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
20. What does the speaker say Fred should do first to improve his quality of life?
解析：D。录音后半部分提到，如果弗雷德想要改善他的生活质量，他首先需要做的就是认清这些年来发生了什么。但是从该句中并不能直接得出答案，需要结合录音之前讲到的内容作出判断。录音前面提到，弗雷德最好的朋友总是会破产、经常沮丧、无处可去，并且总是指望着生活能变得更有趣，即弗雷德身边的人都现状不佳，录音中“他首先需要做的就是认清这些年来发生了什么”，指的就是他需要认识到周围人的不良现状给他带来的负面影响，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A项内容在录音中未提及，可直接排除。B项利用录音后半部分出现的judgment进行干扰，但该句说的是我们不应该去评判弗雷德，没有提及弗雷德本人是否对他人作出了不公正的判断，故B项错误。C项利用exciting进行干扰，但录音说的是他的朋友希望生活能变得更加令人兴奋，虽然录音开头提到弗雷德的新工作，但这两者完全不相干，C项属于细节拼凑，故排除。
21、Question 21 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、They are quite susceptible to suicide.
B、They improve people’s quality of life.
C、They suffer a great deal from ill health.
D、They help people solve mental problems.
解析：
Recording Two
听力原文
(19) [We are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us.] For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. (19) [None of us are immune to the influences of our own world] and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his 10-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “What’s the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking 20-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you can’t beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”
The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the city’s smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort.” “It may not be comfortable.” “I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. Fred may say, “I’m always broke, frequently depressed. I’m going nowhere and I never do anything exciting.” (20) [Then we discover that Fred’s best friends are always broke, frequently depressed, going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting.] This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, (20) [if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, the first thing he’ll need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years. ]
It’s no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. (21) [Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons.] Traditionally, 9 out of 10 children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.
21. What does the speaker say about psychiatrists?
解析：A。录音末尾提到，心理医生这一职业自杀率较高，A项中的suicide为录音中的原词复现，susceptible是录音中have a higher incidence的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中出现的quality of life进行干扰，但音频中说的是“如果弗雷德想要改善他的生活质量（his quality of life）”，与心理医生无关，故B项错误。C项利用录音原词ill health进行干扰，但录音中说的是医生这一职业容易患上许多疾病，而且录音中提及的易患病对象是doctors而非psychiatrists，C项内容属于过度推断，故排除。D项内容在录音中没有提到，而且关于problems在录音中提到的是environmental problems（环境问题）而不是mental problems（心理问题），在做题时需注意对选项的判断应该基于录音本身，故D项排除。
22、Question 22 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、Few people can identify its texture.
B、Few people can describe it precisely.
C、Its real value is open to interpretation.
D、Its importance is often overestimated.
解析：
Recording Three
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
22. What does the speaker say about the American dollar bill?
解析：B。录音开头部分提到，许多人可以通过声音或纹理来鉴别美钞，但很少有人能真正准确地描述出它的特点。B项中的Few people和describe均为录音中的原词复现，precisely是对录音中accurately的同义替换，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项利用录音中出现的can identify it by texture进行干扰，但音频说的是许多人（Many）都能辨认美钞的质地，而不是很少人（Few people），故排除A项。录音最后提到关于美元实际价值（true value）的争论仍在继续，但后面紧跟着说到美元价值就等于它的票面价值，也就是说美元价值是确定的，C项的is open to interpret与录音内容相悖，故排除。D项利用importance进行干扰，但录音中说的是尽管美元钞票很重要，但它实际上并不重，而且后面还进一步解释说500张钞票大约仅重1磅，所以这里指的是重量很轻，并不是说美钞不重要，故D项错误。
23、Question 23 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、It has never seen any change.
B、It has much to do with color.
C、It is a well-protected government secret.
D、It is a subject of study by many forgers.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
23. What does the speaker say about the exact composition of the American dollar bill?
解析：C。录音前半部分提到，纸和墨水的确切成分是政府机密，录音中的the exact composition对应题干中的问题，指的是paper and ink（纸和墨）的确切成分，C项中的government secret为原词复现，well-protected是录音中closely guarded的同义替换，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：录音开头说美元一面是用黑色墨水印刷，一面是用绿色墨水印刷，中间部分说到刚开始发行的绿色钞票，虽然颜色相同，但不能据此判断其成分从开始到现在没有任何变化，故A项可排除。B项利用color进行干扰，录音开头部分只说到，美元钞票的一面用黑色墨水印刷，另一面用绿色墨水印刷，这不能说明美钞的详细成分和颜色有很大关系，故B项错误。D项属于主观臆断，在录音中并无此相关内容，故排除。
24、Question 24 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、People had little faith in paper money.
B、They could last longer in circulation.
C、It predicted their value would increase.
D、They were more difficult to counterfeit.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
24. Why did the new American government mint only coins for common currency?
解析：A。根据选项关键词paper money、circulation、value和counterfeit，推测本题可能与货币的流通、伪造或币值有关。录音中说到，由于对纸币缺乏信心，新成立的美国政府只铸造硬币作为流通货币。A项中的paper money为原词复现，little faith是对录音中lack of faith的同义替换，故正确答案为A。
错项排除：B项利用录音中的circulation进行干扰，录音后半部分说到，政府始终稳定保持着约20亿张流通钞票的供应，但这说的是美钞现在的流通情况，与美国政府刚成立时只铸造硬币作为流通货币无关，故B项错误。C项利用value进行干扰，录音中说到，在签署美国宪法时，纸币的价值在不断下跌（decreasing），但这并不意味着硬币的价值会上涨，C项内容属于过度推断，故错误。D项中的counterfeit在录音中没有依据，故排除。
25、Question 25 is based on the recording you have just heard.
A、The stabilization of the dollar value.
B、The issuing of government securities.
C、A gold standard for American currency.
D、A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.
解析：
听力原文
Virtually every American can recognize a dollar bill at a mere glance. Many can identify it by its sound or texture. (22) [But few people indeed can accurately describe the world’s most powerful, important currency.]
The American dollar bill is colored with black ink on one side and green on the other; (23) [the exact composition of the paper and ink is a closely guarded government secret.] Despite its weighty importance, the dollar bill actually weighs little. It requires nearly 500 bills to tip the scales at pound. Not only is the dollar bill lightweight, but it also has a brief lifespan. Few dollar bills survive longer than 18 months.
The word “dollar” is taken from the German word “thaler”, the name for the world’s most important currency in the 16th century. The thaler was a silver coin first minted in 1518 under the reign of Charles V, Emperor of Germany.
The concept of paper money is a relatively recent innovation in the history of American currency. When the Constitution was signed, people had little regard for paper money because of its steadily decreasing value during the colonial era. (24) [Because of this lack of faith, the new American government minted only coins for common currency.] Interest-bearing bank notes were issued at the same time, but their purpose was limited to providing money for urgent government crises, such as American involvement in the War of 1812. The first non-interest bearing paper currency was authorized by Congress in 1862 at the height of the Civil War. At this point, citizens’ old fears of devalued paper currency had calmed, and the dollar bill was born. The new green-colored paper money quickly earned the nickname “greenback”.
Today, the American dollar bill is a product of the Federal Reserve, and is issued from the 12 Federal Reserve banks around the United States. The government keeps a steady supply of approximately 2 billion bills in circulation at all times.
Controversy continues to surround the true value of the dollar bill. (25) [American history has seen generations of politicians argue in favor of a gold standard for American currency.] However, for the present, the American dollar bill holds the value that is printed on it, and little more. The only other guarantee on the bill is a Federal Reserve pledge as confirmation in the form of government securities.
25. What have generations of American politicians argued for?
解析：C。录音末尾处提到，在美国历史上，一代又一代的政治家都赞成美国货币实行金本位制，题目中的generations of politicians和C项的A gold standard for American currency均为录音中的原词复现，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项利用录音原词dollar value进行干扰，录音末尾处提到，就目前而言，美元钞票的价值等同于其钞票面值，除此之外再无额外价值，这与历代美国政治家的观点无关，故A项排除。B项利用录音原词government securities进行干扰，但录音最后一句说的是，钞票价值的唯一其他担保，就是美联储以国债为抵押对美元进行信用担保，不是说美国政治家都赞成政府债券的发行，B项属于细节拼凑，故错误。D项利用录音原词steady进行干扰，但录音中说的是，政府始终稳定保持着约20亿张流通钞票的供应，appreciation（升值）一词在录音中无依据，故可排除D项。
二、Part III Reading Comprehension
Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all (26)_____, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested (27)_____. Ask a man and a woman to go diving for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to say he’s not feeling too well.
Ironically, it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure. Praise won for (28)_____ a skill suddenly puts one in the position of having everything to lose. Rather than putting their reputation on the line again, many successful people develop a handicap—drinking, (29)_____, depression—that allows them to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive (30)_____ for depression shortly after winning an award put it this way: “Without my depression, I’d be a failure now; with it, I’m a success ‘on hold’.”
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those (31)_____ with success. Such people are afraid of being (32)_____ a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failure.
Those self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now and then, in the end, researchers say, it will lead to (33)_____. In the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true (34)_____ and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the (35)_____, they have only themselves to blame.
26、(1)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：
名词
contrary 相反的事
fatigue 疲乏，疲劳
legacies(-s) 遗产；遗赠物
mastering 精通；掌握
momentum 动力；动量
potential 可能性；潜力
realms(-s) 领域；范围
动词
fatigue 使疲劳
heaving(-ing) 举起；起伏
hospitalized(-ed) 就医；入院
labeled(-ed) 贴标签；称为
mastering(-ing) 精通；掌握；控制
obsessed(-ed) （使）牵挂，惦念
ruin 破产；毁灭；毁坏
形容词
contrary 相反的；对立的
heaving 充满的
labeled 有标签的
obsessed 着迷的，痴迷的
potential 潜在的
reciprocal 相互的，互惠的
副词
heavily 严重地；大量地
viciously 邪恶地；有敌意地
26. realms
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的in all可知空格处需要填入名词作介词in的宾语。根据空格所在句句意，男性认为他们需要在所有的____都看起来很有能力，可知空格处应填入表示“方面；领域”一类的词，只有realms（领域，范围）符合要求，代入空格表示“在所有的领域”，语义通顺。
27. heavily
解析：副词辨析题。空格处于一个主谓结构完整的定语从句中，结合空格前的they’ve invested可知空格处应填入副词，修饰invested。空格所在的从句意为“女性只关注自己____投入的技能”，在两个副词备选项中只有heavily（严重地；大量地）填入空格中能构成合理语义，表示“投入了大量时间、金钱或精力的技能”，故heavily为正确答案。
28. mastering
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为介词for，空格后为名词a skill，可知空格处应填入动词的现在分词，构成won的原因状语。两个现在分词的备选项中，只有mastering（精通；掌握；控制）填入空格中符合上下文逻辑，表示“由于掌握了某项技能而获得的赞扬”，故为正确答案。
29. fatigue
解析：名词辨析题。空格由逗号隔开，前后为两个名词drinking（酗酒）和depression（抑郁症），故空格处也应填入含义相似的名词，形成并列关系。根据前文中的many successful people develop a handicap可知，空格处应填入的词和drinking、depression一样，属于对handicap的一种举例说明，应包含消极含义。在名词中只有fatigue（疲乏，疲劳）有此含义，故应选fatigue。
30. hospitalized
解析：动词辨析题。空格所在句主干为An advertising executive...put it this way，空格处填入的词应和for depression一起作An advertising executive的后置定语，shortly after winning an award为时间状语。根据空格后的for depression（因抑郁症而……）可知，只有过去分词hospitalized（入院；就医）填入空格中符合题意，故选hospitalized。备选项中的labeled（被贴上标签）干扰性较强，但label在被动语态中应与介词as或with搭配或直接加名词构成be labeled as/with…，表示“被贴上……的标签”，不符合此处语境，故排除。
31. obsessed
解析：空格前为the people are those，空格后为介词with，可知空格处应填入动词的分词形式或者形容词，与with success构成后置定语修饰those。空格所在句含义为：实际上，正是那些对成功____的人更有可能成为长期找借口的人。备选项中只有obsessed（着迷的；痴迷的）填入空格中符合句意，be obsessed with表示“对……着迷”，obsessed填入空格符合上下文逻辑，故为正确答案。
32. labeled
解析：动词辨析题。空格前为being，空格后为a failure，故空格处应填入动词的过去分词构成被动语态。空格所在句前半句含义为：这类人害怕在任何事情上被____“失败”，可知空格处应填入表示“认为是；定义为”的词，动词过去分词备选项中只有labeled（贴上……的标签）填入此处空格符合逻辑，故为正确答案。
33. ruin
解析：名词辨析题。空格前为lead to，故空格处应填入名词作介词to的宾语。前文指出，研究人员认为，虽然自我设限行为可能是一种应对焦虑的有效方法，但最终必然会导致____。由此可知，空格处应填入一个负面含义的词，表示一种严重的后果。ruin的作名词时表示“毁灭”，填入空格中符合语意，故为正确答案。
34. potential
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的their true可知空格处应填入名词，live up to...为固定搭配，表示“做到；达成；不辜负”。结合前文的In the long run和true可知，名词备选项中potential（可能性；潜力）符合此处语义，填入空格后表示“找借口的人无法发挥出自己真正的潜力”，符合语意，故选potential。
35. contrary
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的to the可知空格处应填入名词，与to the一同构成Despite their protests的状语。结合despite和后文的they have only themselves to blame可知，空格处填入的词应表示与后半句相反的含义，因此contrary符合题意，to the contrary为固定搭配，意为“正相反”，表示他们抗议的内容与后半句的说法正好相反（即主张错不在自己）。
27、(2)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
28、(3)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
29、(4)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
30、(5)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
31、(6)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
32、(7)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
33、(8)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
34、(9)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
35、(10)
A、heavily
B、obsessed
C、realms
D、reciprocal
E、contrary
F、legacies
G、fatigue
H、hospitalized
I、momentum
J、viciously
K、heaving
L、potential
M、mastering
N、ruin
O、labeled
解析：见上一题！
Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education
36、36. A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingual from birth and those who start learning a second language later.
A、A
B、B
C、C
D、D
E、E
F、F
G、G
H、H
I、I
J、J
K、K
L、L
M、M
N、N
O、O
P、P
解析：36. 一项研究表明，从一出生就学习双语的人和晚些才开始学习第二门语言的人在大脑结构上有类似的变化。
